run-on sentences prof. leah wendt adjunct instructor kaplan university all definitions and exercises...
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Run-on SentencesRun-on Sentences
Prof. Leah WendtAdjunct InstructorKaplan University
All Definitions and exercises pulled from Pathways (Kaplan edition)
Look at the following:Look at the following:The skydiver jumped from the plane
when she had fallen far enough she released her parachute.
Many students do not have a specific career goal they do have some general career directions in mind.
What makes these difficult to read? What are they called?
What if we added What if we added commas?commas?The skydiver jumped from the plane,
when she had fallen far enough, she released her parachute.
Many students do not have a specific career goal, they do have some general career directions in mind.
But – they are ot quite right !
Comma splices!!!Comma splices!!!The skydiver jumped from the plane,
when she had fallen far enough, she released her parachute.
Many students do not have a specific career goal, they do have some general career directions in mind.
Like using tape to hold together a house in a tornado!
Let’s fix Sentence #1Let’s fix Sentence #1The skydiver jumped from the
plane when she had fallen far enough she released her parachute.
How many “ideas”?Which ones can go together?How do we punctuate then?
Sentence #1 continued…Sentence #1 continued…The skydiver jumped from the
plane. When she had
fallen far enough, she released her parachute.
Let’s fix Sentence *2Let’s fix Sentence *2Many students do not have a
specific career goal they do have some general
career directions in mind.
How many “ideas”?Are these ideas related somehow?
Which word might show this connection?
Sentence #2 continued…Sentence #2 continued…Many students do not have a
specific career goal. They do have some general career directions in mind.
Many students do not have a
specific career goal, but they do have some general career directions in mind.
Sentence #2 continued…Sentence #2 continued…
Although many students do not have a specific
career goal, they do have some general career directions in mind.
How to fix Run-OnsHow to fix Run-Ons1. Separate the two ideas into two
sentences.2. Separate the two ideas with a
semicolon (not recommended).3. Join the two ideas with a comma
and coordinating conjunction (also known as FANBOYS).
4. Make one idea subordinate to (dependent on) the other using a subordinating conjunction.
Also on page 133 of Pathways.
Coordinating ConjunctionsCoordinating Conjunctions“Coordinate” or “balance” two ideas.For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Coordinating ConjunctionsCoordinating ConjunctionsMust be used with a comma
when joining two sentences!!!
Or you will have a run-on sentence!
, and, but, so
Subordinating Subordinating ConjunctionsConjunctionsLike a “subordinate” on a job (someone
who reports to a higher authority), these make one sentence dependent on the other.
After Although As BecauseBefore During If OnceNow that Since Rather thanSo that That ThroughUnless UntilWhen Where Whether Which WhileAlso on page 108 & 110 of Pathways.
Subordinating “Clauses”Subordinating “Clauses”Need a comma after them when they
are the first part of the sentence.
While the baby slept, the mother worked on her college essay.
The mother worked on her college essay while the baby slept.
Let’s consider these…Let’s consider these…The receptionist answered the
phone, she put the caller on hold.
Replacing the spark plugs was simple, replacing the starter was more difficult.
How many thoughts are in each group? How can we fix these comma splices?
What is a comma splice What is a comma splice again?again?Occurs when a comma is used to
join two sentences but you really need a conjunction as well.
Sentence #1Sentence #1The receptionist answered the phone. She put the caller on hold.
After the receptionist answered the phone, she put the caller on hold.
The receptionist answered the phone, and then she put the caller on hold.
Sentence #2Sentence #2Replacing the spark plugs was simple, but replacing the starter was more difficult.
Although replacing the spark plugs was simple, replacing the starter was more difficult.
Replacing the spark plugs was simple. Replacing the starter was more difficult.
How to fix comma splicesHow to fix comma splices1. Separate the two complete thoughts
into two sentences.2. Separate the two complete thoughts
with a semicolon (more difficult).3. Join the two complete thoughts with a
comma and coordinating conjunction (also known as FANBOYS).
4. Make one complete thought subordinate to (dependent on) the other using a subordinating conjunction.
Also on page 136 of Pathways.