Rural extensionists for the extremely poor in PeruThe PATs and Kamayoq models

SEEP Annual Conference 2012CARE and Practical Action

Gianluca Nardi, Alejandro Rojas, and Daniel Rodriguez

Why do CARE Peru and Practical Action work with rural communities

in the highland?• While Peru is a middle

income country and fastest growing economy in the region

• A sample of 200 households in 2006 in Puno reported: – 87% living below the

poverty line and – 60% below the extreme

poverty line. – 30% of children under 5 in

the region suffer chronic malnutrition

Different VCs (and similar problems)

In a middle income country with a vibrant economy:

• High potential of local markets• Relatively resourceful Government, with a focus on

fighting poverty• Relatively higher cost of interventions

• Low Productivity • Limited access to finance, • Poor input supply • Inefficient Commercialization

A bit of history of rural extension services in Peru

۩ 70s – offered by the government, supply focus

۩ 90s – structural adjustments, privatization. Rural extension only facilitated by the Government

۩ Now – NGOs, associations, issues around sustainability and technological update

Different possibilities for Rural Extension ServicesGovernment rural extension

Companies embedded services

Producers associations / cooperatives

Cons Very limited capacity, especially in remote areas, and for very small producers, supply focus

• Unreliable in the long term, depending on contingent market conditions

Sustainability depends upon medium term institutional capacity building processes, disjoint from tech innovation quality control issues

Pros • Access to the newest technologies• national outreach, • institutional sustainability

• Scaling-up potential,• economic sustainability• demand focus

Capacity to reach extremely poor and remote communities

Different possibilities for Rural Extension Services

Government rural extension

Companies embedded services

Producers associations / cooperatives

Cons

Pros • Access to the newest technologies• national outreach, • institutional sustainability

• Scaling-up potential,• economic sustainability• demand focus

Capacity to reach extremely poor and remote communities PATs

Kamayoq

Two complementary approaches successfully collaborate

CARE’s PATs (Value Chain /

enterprise development Approach)

Educational / Constructivist approach

The PATs Model

• People from the local communities and chosen by the communities

• Speaking local languages, • With or without higher education, • With vocation to provide assistance

and with potential to be entrepreneurs,

• Trained to provide Technical Assistance services to the small producers either individually or through a micro-enterprise.

• With a demand driven, market based approach (fee for services).

9

Who are the PATs?

Before After

• Families have access to PAT only for the duration of the project.

• Culture barriers to the provision of PAT.

• Unsustainable results• Weak market linkage for small

farmers• Producers wasted

opportunities beyond the life of the project.

• Lack of coordination between technical courses and field needs

• Families have access to PAT in a sustainable manner.

• PAT are from the same community.

• PAT receive income for services rendered.

• PAT consolidate supply of small producers.

• PAT diversify services and provide information to producers.

• Local youth are engaged in profitable activities.

• Leading producers• 1 to 2 producers from community • Participate actively in meetings and trainings• Competency-based assessment (procedural,

attitudinal, knowledge), in the development of training workshops.

• Graduation: –Of a total of 120 participants, 82 PAT were able to

graduate.

11

Example of PATs selection

Buyer – Final Market

Small Producer

Providers of Supplies

Technical assistance and

TrainingAccess to financeCollects the

production

PAT

The role of the PAT

12

The different roles

NGOs role Private Sector

Government role

• Initial training• Initial follow-up or incubation

• The PATs themselves are entrepreneurs• Larger companies can contribute to the PATs sustainability strategy• Access to finance

• Enabling environment •Additional training opportunities and technical upgrade• Funding opportunities for entities providing initial training / incubation• Certification of PATs skills

• The analysis shows a statistically significant increase of net incomes of almost 100% compared with the baseline, two years after the project finished.

• 64% decrease in poverty incidence from 81% to 29% during the past 5 years (51% difference).

• The percentage of people able to make savings is significantly larger in the treatment group (27.8%) than in the control group (7.5%)

• The % of people reporting that they are living well or very well is significantly higher in the treatment group (32.4% vs. 16.7%)

A better life

Men and Women most important changes

Women Important changes

1. New skills, education for the children

2. Better family relationships

3. More participation in public spaces

1. Better economic conditions

2. New knowledge3. Giving value to the

cattle raising

Source: Focal groups CARE / IEP

Place

Huayrapata

Huancané

Men important changes

1. New learning, education for the children

2. More equality within the family

3. More leadership in the community

1. New incomes generation2. New knowledge3. Overcoming poverty

Since 1997 - extension farmers are being trainned: as a strategy for capacity building for disseminating appropiate technologies and respond to the tehnical assitance demands

of small holders farmers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo3qqXYfjtE

The Kamayoq Model

Farmer extension modelApproach: Inter-cultural and inter- learning approach. Meeting local knowledge and modern science.

Methodology: Training and certification of extension farmers with demand approach and skills for innovation and technology transfer.

Key Actor: The KamayoqTechnology leader in agricultural production and service provider of technical assistance

Institutional Support Network: Communities, local authorities. Public institutions, universities. Research centers. Regional Governments. INIA. SENASA. Business.

-1000 Kamayoq in 100 Andean communities in Cusco, Cajamarca, Apurimac, Puno, Ayacucho and Ancash.-200 Kamayoq with skills certification by official agency-Revenue improved from 30% to 100%, of 10,000 peasant families due to support services complemented by other actions.

Action Lines: More than 30 validated production technologies for productive chains, food security and natural resource management.

PROFESSIONAL PROFILE OF RURAL EXTENSIONIST

in agriculture

SKILLS CERTIFICATIONas a basis of market access strategy for rural

services

KAMAYOQS CERTIFICATION

Coordination for Occupational field identification

Characterization of occupational field (productive chain)

Performing the

functional analysis in

the production

chain

Development and validation

of the competition

rules

Conduct of competency assessment

Skills certification

Review and approval of skill standards and assessment tools

To authorize certification entities and

certification evaluators

Monitoring and evaluation of

certification entities and assessors

SKILLS CERTIFICATIONMethodological innovation in the market system

IPEBA: Peruvian Institute of assessment, accreditation and certification of the quality of basic education and technical production.

Main clients attended by Kamayoqs ( in Cusco provinces)

Canas Canchis Espinar Total.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

100.0%

74.1%

100.0%

90.5%

13.6% 14.8%

.0%

13.5%

4.5%

29.6%

.0%

13.5%

.0%

14.8%

.0%5.4%

Community Families municipalities institutions enterprises

Relevance given to the certification process by Kamayoqs (survey to Kamayoqs in Cusco provinces)

Acknowledges our learning

Allows access to jobs I can help others Community recognition

KAMAYOQS CERTIFIEDAlternative to value people skills

A new institutional role in the system

• Government’s role in scaling up, quality control, technical update

• Rigorous impact evaluation as a main advocacy tool• Do not necessarily sell TA. Sell a variety of products

and services. TA can be a post-sale benefit.• Possibility of adding pedagogical elements to the

service (WE, citizenship, fight discrimination etc.)• Importance of bottom up selection process for

sustainability / resilience

Some Learned lessons