rural reconstruction for rural regeneration

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Contact Us© 梁漱溟乡村建设中心地址：北京市海淀区温泉镇温泉村电话： 010-62484038 邮编： 100095 邮箱： [email protected]

中国乡村建设与乡村复兴Rural Reconstruction for Rural

RegenerationZhang Lanying

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OutlineOutline 介绍的内容介绍的内容1. 为什么有百年的乡村建设历史 ? Why we have one hundred years RR? 2. 当代乡村建设运动，生态农业的创新 New RR Movement and its Innovation

3. 政策建议 Policy Recommendation

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激进发展主义自毁与底层社会自救的运动Destruction by Radical Developmentalism and Reconstruction by the Grassroots Society

China: Agriculture based, large rural population Agriculture, Rural areas and rural culture are neglected in the process of social transformation towards industrialization, urbanization , diverted from China’s traditional system and historical pathImpact: “people are dying” rural village are disappearing, and agricultural are unsustainable

中国百年乡建中国百年乡建 A Hundred Year's Rural Construction

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梁漱溟梁漱溟《《乡村建设理论乡村建设理论》》 (1937)(1937)（一名（一名《《中国民族之前途中国民族之前途》》

“中国社会是以乡村为基础，并以乡村为主体的。所有文化多半是从乡村而来，又为乡村而设——法制、礼俗、工商业等莫不如是。在近百年中，帝国主义的侵略，固然直接间接都在破坏乡村，即中国人所作所为，一切维新革命民族自救，亦无非是破坏乡村。所以中国近百年史，也可以说是一部乡村破坏史。”

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上世纪的乡村建设上世纪的乡村建设 Rural Construction of last centuryRural Construction of last century

张謇：张謇： 1853-19261853-1926Zhang jianZhang jian南通实业治理南通实业治理Nan Tong industrial Nan Tong industrial governance governance 村落主义村落主义Village-ismVillage-ism

晏阳初：晏阳初： 1890-19901890-1990Yan Yang ChuYan Yang Chu定县试验的县治定县试验的县治experiment of county experiment of county governance in Ding governance in Ding countycounty综合发展综合发展Comprehensive rural development19261926 年年

梁漱溟：梁漱溟： 1893-19881893-1988Liang Shu MingLiang Shu Ming邹平村治实验“以学代邹平村治实验“以学代政”政”experiment of rural experiment of rural governance in governance in Zouping countyZouping countySelf-governance through local school

卢作孚：卢作孚： 1893-19521893-1952北碚镇治试验北碚镇治试验experiment of experiment of township governance township governance in BeiBei countyin BeiBei county乡村现代化乡村现代化The rural modernization

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现代化进程的危机转嫁与乡土遭遇现代化进程的危机转嫁与乡土遭遇The crisis transfer of modernization and rural

suffering

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乡土中国经济基础的乡土中国经济基础的““三农：三农：农民、农业、农村农民、农业、农村 The economic foundation of rural China is Farmer/family based farming with traditional self-governance 依据中国乡土社会的村社理性和农户理性，以及土地制度形成的优势： Farmers’ rational and village community

一是风险化解机制——村社共同体（ village community ）与其土地财产之无风险相辅相成，形成的内部化机制，化解外部性风险。 (Risk mitigation mechanism at village level)

二是收益整合机制——由内部化应对外部性风险而派生了村社对其获取的风险收益做符合内部成员福利原则的理性调节(benefit sharing facing risks) 。

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乡村建设，本意是生态文明立足之基的“乡村文明复兴”Rural Reconstruction is Rural Regeneration for

eco-civilization

百年乡村建设的社会基础和大众参与 The social foundation of 100 years Rural construction and the public participation

乡村建设与乡村文明复兴乡村建设与乡村文明复兴

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愿景：城乡和谐发展，人类社会的可持续目标：天人合一理念下的资源主权，食物安全和生态安全，社会安定路径：多元、综合，治理手段：多样、核心是教育和组织化思想和实践相结合的人的改造

乡村建设的追求乡村建设的追求 Vision of Rural Regeneration

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当代乡村建设的实践当代乡村建设的实践The action of New RuralThe action of New RuralReconstructionReconstruction

人民生计为体人民生计为体People’s Livelihood Diversity

多元互助为用多元互助为用People’s Culture Dignity

社会参与为纲社会参与为纲People’s Participatory Sustainability

目标：目标：社区资源主权社区资源主权 Resource sovereignty生态安全生态安全 Ecological safety 可持续发展可持续发展 Sustainability and Solidarity

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当代乡村建设的五项重要工作内容：当代乡村建设的五项重要工作内容：Five key areas of New Rural Regeneration

学生下乡，教育支农Support rural development through students’learning and knowledge

sharing农民合作，改善治理Improve local governance through peasants’participation and

cooperation 农业创新，城乡互动Promote interaction between peasants and consumers through

agriculture innovation工友互助，尊严劳动Realize the dignity of laborers through migrant workers’mutual help

and support 社会参与，文化复兴Revitalize our eco-civilization and culture through citizens’

participation

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大学生支农队大学生支农队 Rural immersion from College students

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梁漱溟乡村建设中Liangshunming Rural Reconstruction Center

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20042004 年开始推动的合作社与有机农业年开始推动的合作社与有机农业 Promotion of Cooperative & Organic Farming since 2004

农民登记参加乡建学院发动的合作社Farmers joined their cooperative facilitated by Rural Reconstruction

志愿者创办的乡村建设学院的有机农业实验室 Volunteers working at the Lab for organic farming supported by RR

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青年返乡推动生态农业的发展青年返乡推动生态农业的发展Youth returned to their hometownYouth returned to their hometown

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青年返乡：种子的力量青年返乡：种子的力量Seed of Youth returned and Seed for Biodiversity Seed of Youth returned and Seed for Biodiversity

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山西永济市农民协会蒲韩乡村社区，通过十八年的艰苦探索实践，蒲韩乡村社区从农业技术培训开始，逐渐成长为一个以社区生活为切入点，坚持服务创造经济收益，自信快乐生活至上的理念，涉及农村金融、统购统销、城乡互动、儿童教育、传统手工艺等多方面内容的综合性农民合作组织。着眼与社区内部事务，不断地回应社区需求，并进行创意和创新提供了组织保障。

合作社为社区提供的综合性服务合作社为社区提供的综合性服务Farmer Cooperatives and integrated community services Farmer Cooperatives and integrated community services

HistoryHistory::•18 year efforts 18 year efforts •Starting with technology Starting with technology •training training •Response to farmers needs Response to farmers needs •both production and livingboth production and livingAreas covers from Areas covers from •Rural financingRural financing•Collective purchase Collective purchase •Traditional handcraft Traditional handcraft •Cultural activities Cultural activities •Children education Children education •Urban-rural interaction forUrban-rural interaction for mutual help and support mutual help and support

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合作构构建城乡互助互信的食物体系合作构构建城乡互助互信的食物体系 Farmer Cooperatives and Food system Farmer Cooperatives and Food system

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01

小农的合作发展 02

农村种养结合的生态循环系统

03

在地生态产品消费市场的培育 0

4以合作组织为载体的

农村多元服务

Co-development of small farmers

Ecological and Circular System by Integrating planting and breeding

Cultivation of local ecological production consumer market

Rural plural service with the support of cooperative organizations

农民合作社推动的参与式保障体系农民合作社推动的参与式保障体系Participatory Guarantee Systems at farmers cooperatives levelParticipatory Guarantee Systems at farmers cooperatives level

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CSA: 2009 年推进生态农业的多样性与“市民参与式农业” Multi-functional Eco-agriculture promoted through participation of Consumers in 2009

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北京工友之家北京工友之家 Home for Migrant Workers at Home for Migrant Workers at BeijingBeijing

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爱故乡爱故乡 Love Your Hometown Love Your Hometown 为了提升新乡村建设运动的深度和广度，动员更广泛的社会大众参与到乡土文化保护和乡村文明复兴中来，而发起的全全国性的“爱故乡”活动。国性的“爱故乡”活动。

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政策建议一：支持青年返乡政策建议一：支持青年返乡Policy recommendation: Support youth Policy recommendation: Support youth return to their home townsreturn to their home towns1 、鼓励大学生，特别是植物保护的大学生，直接到农民合作社工作，推动生态农业的发展Encourage college studentsEncourage college students ，， especially from the Plant especially from the Plant protection major, to work with the farmer cooperatives to protection major, to work with the farmer cooperatives to promote agro-ecology practicespromote agro-ecology practices

2 、保障他们后顾之忧的工资支持Policy to support their 2-3 years safety netPolicy to support their 2-3 years safety net

3 、创造未来自我就业和当地就业的机会Create space for them to settle down at Create space for them to settle down at villages or being employed at local agricutlure extension villages or being employed at local agricutlure extension stationsstations

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政策建议二：提高农民组织化程度政策建议二：提高农民组织化程度Policy recommendation 2:Policy recommendation 2:Strengthen farmers organization Strengthen farmers organization to promote agro-ecology practices to promote agro-ecology practices

•建立科研队伍和小农生产者组成的合作社的连接Forming partnership among farmer cooperatives, social organization and research institutions•鼓励农民田间学校的发展Encourage village based FFS to promote agro-ecology practices

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