russia china - iaia20...north korea russia japan south korea (8/24) key ecological linkage:...
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China
North Korea
Russia
JapanSouth Korea
(3/24)
Higher biodiversity
Biodiversity
Sustainability of Forest Ecosystem
= More sustainable
(4/24)
Threatened biodiversity by Climate Change
(5/24)
Influence of topography and soils on distribution of plants and animals (revised by Hugget, 2004)
Physical environments
as “arena” of biological activity (Hunter, 1988)
Topography
Plants
Animals
Boulders and
rock outcrops
Gravelly
lower slope
Sandy and
silty desert floor
(6/24)
Map of the land facets linkage design (outlined in black) (Brost and Beier, 2012)
Securing the Ecological Connectivity
Topographical linkages
“to support movement by species associated with land facet
(based on topography), today and in the future.” (Brost and Beier, 2012)
(7/24)
Key Ecological Linkage
: 백두대간 Protected area (PPA)
0 150 300 Kilometers
China
North Korea
Russia
JapanSouth Korea
(8/24)
Key Ecological Linkage
: 백두대간 Protected area (PPA)
0 150 300 Kilometers
China
North Korea
Russia
JapanSouth Korea
(9/24)
Does the current PPA include topographical linkages
or not?
Methods
(11/24)
Study Sites
Songni
Mt.
National
Park
Worak Mt.
National
Park
Seorak Mt.
National
Park
Odae Mt.
National
Park
S. Korea
(12/24)
1. Generic Topographic ClassificationConcept
Simple slope Complex slopeSo
il-l
an
ds
cap
e u
nit
s Summit
Shoulder
Backslope
Footslope
Toeslope
Channel
Toeslope
Foots
lope
Should
er
Foots
lope
Should
er
Foots
lope
Back
slope
Should
er
Foots
lope
Back
slope Shoulder
The soil-landscape units by generic classification (revised by Park et al., 2001)
(13/24)
1. Generic Topographic ClassificationMethod
Summit Shoulder
Footslope Toeslope
ChannelBackslope
(14/24)
2. Designing linkages in PPA
Identifying termini
Density Concept (revised by Lee et al., 2005)
1
0
(15/24)
2. Designing linkages in PPALeast-cost path analysis
Mahalanobis distance ellipse (Jenness et al. 2013)
: relative distance from a parameter point in a multi-dimensional space (Hayashi et al., 2001)
Results
List Summit ShoulderBack
Slope I
Foot
slope
Back
Slope II
Toe
slopeChannel
PPA 1.51% 37.21% 19.42% 17.69% 4.19% 17.68% 2.29%
1. Result of Generic Topographic ClassificationSongni/Worak Mt.
(18/24)
List Summit ShoulderBack
Slope I
PPA 1.67% 35.72% 16.97%
Foot
slope
Back
Slope II
Toe
slopeChannel
22.67% 3.49% 17.84% 1.65%
1. Result of Generic Topographic ClassificationSeorak/Odae Mt.
(19/24)
2. Designing linkages in PPAIdentifying Termini
Toeslope Backslope II
ShoulderSummit
Songni/Worak Mt.
= Higher density
(20/24)
2. Designing linkages in PPACost surface results
Toeslope Backslope II
ShoulderSummit
Songni/Worak Mt.
= Smaller differences from
target topographic class
2. Designing linkages in PPALeast-cost Path Analysis results
Legend of Linkages
Summit
Shoulder
Backslope I
Footslope
Backslope II
Toeslope
Songni
Mt.
National
Park
Worak Mt.
National
Park
Seorak Mt.
National
Park
Odae Mt.
National
Park
Conclusions & Implications
(23/24)
Shoulder (erosion) is the largest portion in the PPA
The PPA does not include topographical linkages, except summits
Lowland topography has to be reconsidered….
(24/24)
Extend the PPA to include the topographical linkages…
Include topographical linkages to conserve biodiversity in the forests
Support the sustainability of forest ecosystem from climate change
(24/24)
One day, link North and South Korean forest
and mountains…..
Source : Google Earth
North Korea
South Korea
http://enieimg.edunet4u.net