russia: i vini del freddo - assoenologi · rostov region rostov region is situated on the south of...
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Viticulture in extreme cold habitat“Vedernikov Winery” - Vedernikov - Don Valley - Rostov region - Russia
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Rostov region
● Rostov region is situated on the south of European part of Russia, having Ukraine at its western border and occupying the total area of 100 967 square kilometers
● The capital of the region is Rostov-on-Don (population over 1 million) founded in 1749
● Located in Pontian-Caspian steppe● The Don River, one of Europe's largest rivers (1870 km), flows through
the region for part of its course. The right bank is a traditional are for viticulture
● First mention of viticulture dates back to antic times (Strabo about the Greek colony Thanais in the mouth of Don)
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Rostov region - Vedernikov
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Vedernikov
● Founded in the middle of the XVII century by Don Cossacks● Is located in the middle of Rostov region at the high right bank of Don● First documental mention about developed viticulture and winemaking
in Vedernikov dates back to 1756. The tradition has been maintained eversince
● Wine regions located at the same latitude: Loire Valley, Chablis, Burgenland, Washington State
● The terroir is composed of depleted black soil layer, clay and sand layer, while the bedrock is presented by shell limestone
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The climate
● Humid continental climate with hot summer● Dim, windy winter. Mean temperature of the coldest month (January) is
-5Co...-9Co, drops down to -20Co, rarely to -30Co
● Mean temperature of the hottest month (July) is +22Co…+24Co, rises up to +36Co…+38Co regularly
● Sunlight and warmth in abundance - average sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period is 3700. Some years (2012, 2018) goes over 4000
● Average rainfall is 500 mm (normally peaking about June)
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Don autochthonous grape varieties
● Apparently were brought to Don from Caucasus in the beginning of the second millennium
● Despite harsh winters, vines were able to survive even without man’s help. It is still possible to find some vines in the wild
● In XX century there were approximately 30 autochthonous varieties● Today “Vedernikov Winery” cultivates three autochthonous varieties:
Krasnostop Zolotovskiy, Tsimlyanskiy Cherniy and Sibirkoviy● The genetic authenticity of these varieties have been confirmed by a
research of a famous Swiss scientist Jose Vouillamoz
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Krasnostop Zolotovskiy
● First described in 1814 with Zolotovskaya and Vedernikovskaya areas being the origin places
● Krasnostop literally means “piedirosso” in Russian, but the etymology and the grape itself are different
● Low yield grape producing concentrated red wines
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Tsimlyanskiy Cherniy
● Historically the most widespread Don grape
● Name can be translated as “Nero di Tsimlyansk” -one of the historic centers of winemaking on the right bank of Don
● Extremely versatile allowing to produce wide range of different wines (from sparkling to reserve reds)
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Sibirkoviy
● Typical white grape of Don area, meaty and pulpy
● Named after the blossom of a local bush “sibiryok”, not after Siberia :)
● Producing light-bodied white wines with herbal aromas. However, when treated right, can be very similar to Sauvignon Blanc in nose
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Viticulture in winter-covering area
● The approach for industrial winter-covering was developed in the USSR in 1950-1960s. It is still used in Rostov region along with the new approach
● The winter-covering and spring-uncovering procedure is mainly mechanized, but some manual labour still required
● Nowadays “Vedernikov” vineyards are planted with two types of winter-covering training systems: “old” (oneway trunkless harp) and “new” (low trunk single cordon)
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Oneway trunkless harp training
● Standard density - 2222 plants per hectar (distance between plants - 1.5 m, rows width - 3 m)
● The 1.5 m distance between plants allows to bend and cover the stiff vines of autochtonous and most international varieties. The vines are normally covered unpruned.
● The width between rows is required to get enough soil for proper covering of vines
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Oneway trunkless harp training
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Oneway trunkless harp training
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Oneway trunkless harp training
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Oneway trunkless harp training - operations
● Standard operations of spring and summer:a. tillingb. blowingc. pruningd. trellis’ repairinge. “dry” tying of vinesf. “green” tying of wines
● Standard operations of autumn:a. preparations for trellis’ removalb. trellis’ removalc. pruningd. covering
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Oneway trunkless harp training - tilling
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Oneway trunkless harp training - blowing
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Oneway trunkless harp training - pruning
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Oneway trunkless harp training - trellis’ repair
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Oneway trunkless harp training - “dry” tying
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Oneway trunkless harp training - trellis’ removal
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Oneway trunkless harp training - covering
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Low trunk single cordon
● Introduced in Vedernikov in 2017● Trunk’s height 20 cm● Density 2222 or 3333 plants per hectar● Numerous advantages comparing to the “old” system
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Low trunk single cordon
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Low trunk single cordon
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Low trunk single cordon
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Low trunk single cordon
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Low trunk single cordon - advantages
● Vines are attached to wire, so no damage from tractor wheels and plows, no need to tear vines off wire. Vines are horizontally aligned and centered
● Pre-pruning is possible, while pruning is as easy as in normal regions● Safer use of weeder (between plants)● Vines are more evenly distributed and exposed to sunlight● “Dry” tying of vines only once in a lifetime. “Green” tying is replaced by
easier process of threading vines in double wire● Mechanized trimming optimised as the vines are of same length● Easier harvesting and defoliation as all clusters are at the same level● More even ripening of grapes and vines
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Low trunk single cordon - operations
● Standard operations of spring and summer:a. tillingb. blowingc. pruningd. threading in
● Standard operations of autumn:a. covering
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Low trunk single cordon - threading in
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Low trunk single cordon - covering
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Vino n. 4Cabernet Sauvignon
Reserve 2014Vedernikov Winery
Conduttori
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Cabernet Sauvignon reserve 2014
● Ungrafted vines planted in 2008
● Winemaking: clusters’ sorting, two yeast strains, MLF co-inoculation, delestage-centric procedure
● Aging: 12 months in French oak barrels, new and used
● Bottled in the end of 2015
● Mundus Vini Gold - 91 points (February 2017)
● Arguably the best Cabernet Sauvignon of Russia
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Vino n. 5
Fantom Krasnostop Zolotovskiy / Cabernet Sauvignon 2012
Vedernikov Winery
Conduttori
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Fantom 50/50 - Krasnostop Zolotovskiy/Cabernet Sauvignon 2012
● Ungrafted vines planted in 2000 and 2008 (Krasnostop) and 2008 (Cab Sauv)
● Winemaking: clusters’ sorting, two yeast strains, MLF, delestage-centric procedure
● Aging: 12 months in French oak barrels, new and used● Bottled in the summer of 2014● Krasnostop wine from 2012 used in this blend became the most
wanted wine in Russia and can be now bought for > €1000 per bottle