Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

German PhilosopherGerman Philosopher- Karl Marx- Karl Marx

Czar Nicholas II and Family

Bloody SundayBloody Sunday (1905)(1905)

• Russian economy was bankrupt• Starvation in Russia

• War becomes unpopular

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQUAW_CdBds

March RevolutionMarch Revolution (1917)

Royal palace is taken over - Czar Abdicates -

Provisional governmentProvisional government (Duma) Alexander KeresnkyAlexander Keresnky

Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

October RevolutionOctober Revolution((BolshevikBolshevik))

19171917

• Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”

• Won support of people (especially Unions and peasants)

Russian Marxist Soviet politicianRussian Marxist Soviet politicianLeader of theLeader of the Communist Red ArmyCommunist Red Army

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky Lev Davidovich BronshteinLev Davidovich Bronshtein

October RevolutionOctober Revolution((BolshevikBolshevik))

19171917

Lenin follows through with promise…

Treaty of Brest‑LitovskTreaty of Brest‑Litovsk

Ending WWI with Germany.

Russia Pulls Russia Pulls OutOut19181918

Russian Civil WarRussian Civil War1919-19201919-1920

White Armies (Royal and Menshevik) White Armies (Royal and Menshevik)

attack the Reds (Bolsheviks – “majority”)attack the Reds (Bolsheviks – “majority”)

Reds defeat WhitesReds defeat Whites

Rule of Lenin Rule of Lenin 1920-19241920-1924

• New Economic PlanNew Economic Plan (NEP)- moderate mix of capitalism and socialism

• Political Reforms - CommunismPolitical Reforms - Communism- Bolshevik party became Communist Party

- Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

- Establishes the Comintern fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the

international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic…”

Lenin Dies of StrokeLenin Dies of Stroke19241924

• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin

• Stalin takes control

• Trotsky Exiled to Mexico

Lenin Dies of StrokeLenin Dies of Stroke19241924

• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin

• Stalin takes control

• Trotsky Exiled to Mexico

• Stalin creates a Totalitarian state

Stalin’s Totalitarian StateDictatorship- Absolute Authority

State Control Over All Sectors of SocietyState Control Over All Sectors of Society– Economy and Business (anti-capitalism)– Labor and Pay– Housing– Education– Youth groups (Propaganda)– Arts

Stalin’s Totalitarian StateDictatorship- Absolute Authority

State Control Over All Sectors of Society– Economy and Business (anti-capitalism)– Labor and Pay– Housing– Education– Youth groups (Propaganda)– Arts

Religious Persecution– Did not allow religion in public life

Stalin’s Totalitarian StateStalin’s Totalitarian State

State Control Over the Individual

ObedienceObedience

The Great PurgeThe Great Purge  Counter-Revolutionaries and “enemies of the People” Counter-Revolutionaries and “enemies of the People”

According to the declassified Soviet archives, during 1937 - 1938, the NKVD detained 1,548,366 victims, of whom 681,692 were shot - an average of 1,000 executions a day in 1937/38 alone…

“Long live the Worldwide Socialist RevolutionLong live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!”- Joseph Stalin

““Workers of the world will rise up” Workers of the world will rise up” – – Karl MarxKarl Marx

““The Red ScareThe Red Scare””Fear of Communism in the U.S.Fear of Communism in the U.S.

“Long live the Worldwide Socialist RevolutionLong live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!”- Joseph Stalin

Leon Trotsky with American CommunistLeon Trotsky with American Communist

in Mexico shortly before his assassinationin Mexico shortly before his assassination

““The Red ScareThe Red Scare””Fear of Communism in the U.S.Fear of Communism in the U.S.

Impact of Russian RevolutionImpact of Russian Revolution• State Control Over All Sectors of Society

– Economy and Business (anti-capitalism)– Labor and Pay– Housing, – Education– Youth groups – spread propaganda

• Economic Planning: state playing an active role in regulating the economy

• Religious Persecution Did not allow religion in public life

• Division of the World: Communism vs CapitalismThe world hence came to be divided into two: Socialists and Capitalists.

• Communist International - Comintern formed to promote revolutions on an international scale.

• Industrial Growth under Stalin

• The Soviet Union as a major military power in the world