russia’s rise
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Russia’s Rise. Opening Discussion Prompt. Is Russia East or West? Explain. Growth of Muscovy 1300-1533. Growth of Muscovy 1300-1533. Russia’s Expansionist Politics Under the Tsars. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Russia’s Rise
Opening Discussion PromptIs Russia East or West? Explain.
Growth of Muscovy 1300-1533
Growth of Muscovy 1300-1533
Russia’s Expansionist Politics Under the Tsars Ivan III- Ivan the Great- a large part of
Russia freed from Mongol control after 1462 and by 1480 Moscow completely free of Mongol control
Ivan organized strong army, giving government new military emphasis
Ivan III called Russia a third Rome and assumed the title Czar and centralized authority
Ivan IV- Ivan the Terrible- killed many boyars he suspected of conspiracy
Expansion and Contacts Early expansion towards Central Asia Recruited Cossacks (peasant adventurers) to settle
in new lands Incorporation of large Muslim minority- turning it
into a multinational empire similar to Ottomans and Mughals
Ivan IV established commercial contacts with Britain and western merchants established outposts in Moscow and other Russian centers
Time of troubles- Ivan IV left no heir, so after his death there were power claims by the boyars and attacks from Poland and Sweden
1613 member of the Romanov family chosen as tsar and the Romanov dynasty would rule until 1917
Russia’s First Westernization Peter I continued policies of building tsarist control
and expanding territory between 1689-1725 Great Embassy to westernize Russia Tsarist Autocracy of Peter the Great Crushed revolts No interest in parliamentary features of Holland and
Great Britain- more interested in absolutist trend Modernized the military Recruited bureaucrats from outside noble ranks Secret police St. Petersburg (Sweden reduced to second-rate
military)
What Westernization Meant Russian navy Eliminated old noble councils Systematized law codes Training institutes Economics- built up the metallurgical and
mining industries Culturally – got rid of whip at marriage
ceremony, Western dress Imitation process- changes were selective-
mostly affected elites Some elite opposed incorporation of the
west arguing that Russian traditions were superior- tension still today
Catherine the Great After reading the book review of
Robert Massie’s Catherine the Great, how would you describe her?
Consolidation under Catherine the Great 1724 Peter died and period of weak rule
ensued until 1761, when his nephew and wife, Catherine, a German princess came to the throne
Catherine the Great ruled after her husband’s death and continued earlier policies of expansion and consolidation
Pugachev rebellion- peasant uprising that she put down and used as an excuse to extend the powers of the central government in regional affairs
1762 Catherine the Great became empress She was also a selective westernizer She gave new powers to the nobility over
their serfs She patronized western art but closed the
door to the French Revolution thinkers Resumed campaigns against the Ottomans
and got Crimea, claimed Alaska Increased Russian interference with Polish
affairs Partition of Poland- 1772, 1793, 1795
agreements with Austria and Prussia eliminated ind. Poland
1796 Catherine died
Serfdom: The Life of East Europe’s Masses 17th-18th centuries power of the nobility
over the serfs increased greatly. By 1800 half of population serfs 1649 – serfdom hereditary and close to
slavery Agriculture and growing economic
subordination to the west (dependent relationships of exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods)
1785 law allowed landlords to punish harshly any serfs convicted of major crimes or rebellion
Trade and Economic Dependence 95% population rural and really
only 2 classes: serfs and landlords
But it did produce enough revenue to support expansion and population growth
Agricultural and manufacturing methods behind
Social Unrest
By end of 18th century recurring peasant rebellions and small number of western-oriented aristocrats calling for abolition of serfdom
Pugachev rebellion -1770s by Emelian Pugachev (imprisoned and executed by Catherine)
Russia and Eastern Europe Fluctuating borderland of influence,
where Poland and Bohemia (Czech rep.) oriented towards west and Hungary part of Hapsburgs
Poland- 1500 largest state in eastern Europe besides Russia ( Poland formed in 1386) By 1600 in decline. Lack of urban centers and merchant class, aristocratic parliament vetoed reforms
Poland partitioned by Catherine