rv 2014: parking de-mystified
DESCRIPTION
Parking De-mystified What is one of the most overlooked obstacles to transit-oriented development? Parking! Join us as we de-mystify the science of parking and turn traditional theories on their heads. Explore the fundamental topics of shared parking, parking demand estimation, parking code impacts, in-lieu fees, parking management, parking technologies and safe parking design. Hear best practices from the parking management toolbox developed for the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Learn how other communities benefit from implementing a comprehensive parking management system -- from new revenue streams to the creation of business improvement districts. Moderator: Jean Sanson, AICP, Principal Consultant, Steer Davies Gleave, Denver, Colorado Craig Blakely, Strategic Planner, Department of Planning and Economic Development, City of St. Paul, St. Paul, Minnesota Lisa Jacobson, Senior Associate, Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts Brett Wood, PE, CAPP, Parking and Transportation Consultant, Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., Phoenix, ArizonaTRANSCRIPT
Getting Parking Right
Presented by Lisa Jacobson Rail~Volution | Minneapolis | September 2014
$20,000 $20,000
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Parking Wastes Money
Thank you, Don Shoup!
Parking Wastes Land
If you require more than 3 spaces per 1,000 sq ft, you’re requiring more parking than land use
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Parking Space 10’ x 20’ = 200 ft2
Bedroom 9’ x 11’ = 99 ft2
Office Cubicle 8’ x 9’ = 72 ft2
Restaurant Table 5’ x 5’ = 25 ft2
Tensions
Sources: “A Heavy Load: The Combined Housing and Transportation Burdens of Working Families,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2006. “The Affordability Index: A New Tool for Measuring the True Affordability of a Housing Choice,” Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2008. Sedway Cook studies of parking and housing costs in San Francisco and Oakland.
Parking Worsens Housing Affordability
• For each parking space required in a residential unit: – Price of unit increases 15-
30% – Number of units that can
be built on typical parcel decreases 15-25%
• Fannie Mae: Getting rid of a car = extra $100,000 in mortgage
• At >300 sq ft, each parking space consumes more space than an efficiency apartment
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7
Stop competing with parking
Montgomery County Planning Department
8
Start competing with place
Parking will Drive you Crazy
So what do we do?
10 Key Principles for Smarter Parking
1. Focus on Availability
Methodological approach: Not turnover. Turnover Availability
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2. Pricing not Time Limits
Put your customers first.
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3. Set the Right Price
On-Street: $0.50/hr.
Harbor Garage: $1.50/hr.
… and the Right Time Span
4. Smart Technology
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
5. Use Resources Efficiently
Time of Day
Spaces Used
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Office (150k SF): Real Demand Unshared Supply
2pm
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Restaurant (150k SF): Real Demand
12pm
Unshared Supply
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Residential (150k SF/1000 units): Real Demand
2 am
Unshared Supply
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Unshared Supply
31% Less
Mixed Use Shared Parking
Shared
6. Invest Revenue
21
Impact on Sales Tax Revenue
25
Pasadena Retail Sales Tax Revenue
$0
$500,000
$1,000,000
$1,500,000
$2,000,000
$2,500,000
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
Year
Sale
s Ta
x R
even
ue
Old Pasadena
Playhouse District
Plaza Pasadena
South Lake
7. Parking for People
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8. Eliminate Minimum Parking Requirements
Ada
m M
illar
d-B
all,
Nel
son\
Nyg
aard
Tailor Parking Requirements
Parking demand varies with geographic factors: – Density – Transit Access – Income – Household size
Cities can tailor parking requirements to meet demand, based on these factors
Does not seek to constrain demand
9. Create Great Places to Walk
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Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,
Medford, MA
Medford Garage | Existing Site Source: Utile, Inc.
73 spaces
Medford Garage | Garage View: Full Site Source: Utile, Inc.
238 spaces
LOCATION BASED PARKING OCCUPANCY
West Square 570 Parking Spaces
East Square 750 Parking Spaces
Medford Garage | Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,
Medford, MA
West Square
East Square
PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE MAXIMUM Pedestrian
Delay
A B C D E F
Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance
<10 Low
10-20
21-30 Moderate
31-40
41-60 High
>60 Very High
Melrose, MA
Medford, MA
Melrose, MA
Medford, MA
PROPOSED DESIGN NEW DELAY 5-MINUTE WALKING AREA
$7.5 M for 165 spaces
or $1.5 M for 90 spaces and
improved public space
Medford, MA
Source: WMATA May 2002 weekday Metrorail ridership and access data
Arlington’s 5 Stations: 39,500 daily boardings
12.9% Auto (incl. Drop-
off)
73.0%
2.0%
7.5%
3.6%
1.0%
Walk
Metrobus
Bus/Vanpool
Other
Fairfax’s 5 Stations: 29,250 daily boardings
Auto
14.6%
9.3%
4.8%
57.6%
12.0%
1.7% Walk
Metrobus
Other Bus/Vanpool
Auto (incl. drop-off)
Other
No Response/Unknown
10. More Parking ≠ More Ridership
6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Parking lot fills
Unmanaged parking
Managed parking
TOD Station
Smart Rail Station Parking: Efficiency
0 200 400 600 800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Boardings Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Park & Ride Stations
Average of 1.9 boardings per parked car
0 200 400 600 800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Boardings Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Village Settings Average of 4.7 boardings per parked car
0 200 400 600 800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Boardings Occupied
MBTA Commuter Rail: Downtowns Average of 6.6 boardings per parked car
CHANGE?! NO WAY!
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NELSON\NYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2013
Lisa Jacobson 77 Franklin St, 10th Floor
Boston, MA 02110 (617) 521-9404