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RwandaAssessment of Food Security and Nutrition Situation

Innocent MusabyimanaPermanent Secretary of MINAGRI

Roundtable DiscussionMarch 24, 2016 | Kigali, Rwanda

Rwanda Roundtable Discussion, March 2016

Progress in reducing hunger, but more to

be done

• Undernourishment has fallen from 56% to 32% (1990-2014)

• Regional variation

– Most food insecure: Western region

– Least food insecure: Kigali City

• Rwanda food deficit: 232 kcal/day

• Poor spend 60% of income on food

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Mill

ion

s

Perc

ent

Prevalence (%)

Number of undernourished (Millions)

Undernourishment in Rwanda

Sources: FAO 2015, WFP 2015

2


Poverty persists despite strong economic

growth

• Low income country with impressive GDP growth

– 7.2% average growth from 2000-2014

• Poverty reduced, but 60% live below $1.90/day (2008)

• Majority of poor live in rural areas, where poverty and hunger are highest

76.97

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60.25

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Pove

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hea

dco

un

t ra

tio

(%

)

GD

P (

PP

P)

per

cap

ita

($)

GDP per capita

Povertyheadcount ratio

GDP per capita (PPP, Current international dollar) and Poverty Headcount Ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP, % of

population)

3


Food availability improving, but food

access is a challenge

• Food production and productivity have increased

– From 1995-2013, yield has increased for

• Roots and tubers (doubled)

• Plantain (+35%)

• Low-income farmers, unskilled daily laborers & daily agric. laborers are most food insecure

– Spend 75% of their income on food

Sources: FAO 2015, WFP 2015

4


Despite progress, child undernutrition is

high

• Child stunting fell from 52% to 38% (2005-2015)

– 3% reduction per year

• Anemia/iron deficiency

– Women of reproductive age: 17% anemic (2011)

– Children under five: 38% iron deficient (2015)

• Child wasting: 2% (2015)

• No imminent obesity problem

4548

52

44

38

1996 2000 2005 2010 2015

Prevalence of under-5 stunting (%)

Sources: FAO 2015, WFP 2015, UNICEF/WHO 2015

5


Stunting prevalence and progress varies

by region

Sources: WFP 2015

6


Selected determinates of nutrition

• Diet diversity: Proportion of calories from non-staple crops above Africa average (50% vs 37%)

• Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (WASH): Increased coverage from 1990 to 2013

– Safe drinking water: 58% to 76%

– Improved sanitation coverage: 38% to 75%

• Maternal education: children of mothers with no education more likely to be stunted

– Female secondary education enrollment: 34% (2013)

Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2015

7


National frameworks and plans for food

security and nutrition

Strategy/Plan Relation to food security, nutrition

Vision 2020 Includes agric. production, child stunting goals

2nd Economic Development & Poverty Reduction Strategy

Sets food and nutrition among long-term foundational issues

Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture

Aims to transform, commercialize agriculture; increase rural incomes; reduce poverty

Health Sector Strategic Plan Identifies nutrition indicators (e.g. Reduce child stunting from 44%-18% from 2013-2018)

Social Protection Sector Strategic Plan

Seeks to reduce social, economic vulnerability for poor, vulnerable, & marginalized groups

8


National Food and Nutrition Strategic

Plan (NFNSP, 2013-2018)

Seven strategic directions

1. Advocacy for food and nutrition, resource mobilization

2. Reducing child stunting

3. Enhancing household food security

4. Preventing and managing all forms of malnutrition

5. Improving food and nutrition in schools

6. Assuring healthy food and nutrition in emergencies

7. Supporting activities and services9


Implementation of NFNSP

10


Many stakeholders engaged

Sources: REACH 2015

Over 65 stakeholders are working on food security and nutrition at national and subnational levels in Rwanda

Number of food and nutrition partners registered in REACH Stakeholder Mapping exercise

11


Selected policy gaps

• Improving girls’ and women’s education and

empowerment

• Enhancing health environments with improved WASH

• Promoting pro-poor land tenure policies

• Leveraging agriculture for growth, reduced poverty, and better nutrition and health

12


Selected implementation gaps

• Improving coverage of core nutrition activities in districts of most need

• Scaling-up of existing interventions where needed for improving agric. production at household level

• Strengthening support to community health workers, farmer promoters and others

• Improving coordination across sectors AND levels of government

13


Selected knowledge gaps

• Understanding bottlenecks to improving child nutrition

– E.g. Key risk factors, capacity and data gaps for tracking and monitoring progress

• Exploiting cross-sectoral linkages

– E.g. Across agriculture, nutrition, and gender

• Stimulating agricultural innovation

– E.g. Biofortification, horticulture value chain development14


In summary

Challenges and opportunities

Strengths

• High level of political will for food security and nutrition

• Enabling environment for business

• Highly suitable for investment, e.g. in biofortification interventions

• Community health workers/farmer promoters in place for intervention delivery

Weaknesses

• Lack of local coordination and uneven geographic coverage of nutrition programs

• Low (but growing) investment/capacity in agricultural R&D

• Agricultural growth not always pro-poor

• Limited scale-up of many pilot projects

Opportunities

• Momentum from Sustainable Development Goals, global initiatives supporting Rwanda

• Regional integration of Rwanda’s agric. sector

• Suitable environment for "outside-the-box" innovations

• Presence of coordination mechanisms

Threats

• Climate change

• Population growth/changing demographics

• Fragile neighboring states

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