s-43 a.what is the relationship between the forces when the two sumo wrestlers run into each other?...
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S-43
A. What is the relationship between the forces when the two sumo wrestlers run into each other?
B. What is the relationship between their accelerations?
C. Is their a relationship
between their initial
velocities and their
final velocities?
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Linear Momentum
AP Physics
Chapter 7
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Linear Momentum
7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
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7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Linear momentum – product of an objects mass and its velocity
Unit is a kgm/s
The quantity is only useful when discussing collisions
7-1
vm
p
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7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Impulse
7-1
maF
t
va
t
vmF
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7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Impulse
7-1
t
vmF
tF
p
vmp
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7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
Impulse
Or
7-1
tF
p
pFt
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7.1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
In a collision, to decrease force, we increase time of the collision
Air Bags
7-1
Consumer Report
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Linear Momentum
7.2 Conservation of Momentum
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7.2 Conservation of Momentum
Two kinds of collisions
1. Perfectly elastic – objects bounce apart
2. Perfectly inelastic – objects stick together
7-2
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7.2 Conservation of Momentum
In reality collisions are a combination of the two.
Law of Conservation of Momentum – in a closed system, momentum is conserved in a collision
7-2
0p p
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7.2 Conservation of Momentum
In an elastic collision
Direction of velocity is given by the sign of the velocity.
7-2
0 0A A B A A A B Bm v m v m v m v
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7.2 Conservation of Momentum
In an inelastic collision
7-2
0 0( )A A B A A Bm v m v m m v
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7.2 Conservation of Momentum
In an explosion
The reverse of a
Inelastic collision
7-2
BBAABA vmvmvmm 0)(
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S-44
Bart and his friends are out for a drive in their
model T. The car and the passangers have a
total mass of 560 kg. They run into an angry
cow while driving at 6.08 m/s. If the car stops
in 0.44 s
• What is the change in momentum of the car?
• What is the average
force exerted on the
cow?
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S-45
Shortly after this picture was taken Mittens drove into a wall. The car had a mass of 2500 kg, was traveling at 30.2 m/s, and came to a stop in 1.9 m.
A. What was the
impulse on the car?
B. What was the
average force on
the car?
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Linear Momentum
7.3 Conservation of Momentum in Collisions
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7.3 Conservation of Energy and Momentum
Energy (mechanical) is conserved in an elastic collision
So
7-3
0 0A A B B A A B Bm v m v m v m v
0 0
2 2 2 21 1 1 12 2 2 2A A B B A A B Bm v m v m v m v
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7.3 Conservation of Energy and Momentum
Any collision in which energy is lost, is considered inelastic.
7-3
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Linear Momentum
7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions
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7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions
inelastic collisions in two dimension
As always each dimension is treated independently
Then use vector addition to calculate the final answer
7-4
0 0( )A A x B B x A B xm v m v m m v
0 0( )A A y B B y A B ym v m v m m v
x yv v v
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S-46
In what would later be called a “really sucky play” Carlos came running out of the goal at 5.6 m/s and ran into the attacking Kanu. The 65 kg Kanu was running toward Carlos at 8.4 m/s. Carlos, who is 84 kg, came to a dead stop after the collision. What was Kanu’s velocity after the collision? Did you notice that Carlos missed the ball?
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Linear Momentum
7.5 Center if Mass
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7.5 Center of Mass
Even if an object rotates there is one point that moves in the same that a particle would move if subject to the same force.
7-5
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7.5 Center of Mass
Center of mass – the point that does not rotate
Center of gravity – the point at which the force of gravity can be considered to act
7-5
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