s de0882 new-generation-tiering-edge2015-v3

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

sDE0882

New Generation of Storage Tiering –Less Management, Lower Costsand Increased Performance

Tony Pearson

Master Inventor and Senior IT Specialist

IBM Corporation

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015

Abstract

Confused on how to implement storage tiering between Flash, Disk, Tape storage system resources?

This session will cover the various techniques and technologies available.

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This week with Tony Pearson

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Day Time Topic

Monday 10:30am Software Defined Storage -- Why? What? How? (repeats Tuesday)

03:00pm IBM's Cloud Storage Options (repeats Wednesday)

04:30pm Data Footprint Reduction – Understanding IBM Storage Efficiency Options

Tuesday 10:30am Software Defined Storage -- Why? What? How?

12:30pm What Is Big Data? Architectures and Practical Use Cases

01:45pm IBM Smarter Storage Strategy (repeats Wednesday)

Wednesday 09:00am New Generation of Storage Tiering: Less Management Lower Investment and Increased Performance

10:30am IBM Smarter Storage Strategy

12:30pm IBM's Cloud Storage Options

01:45pm IBM Spectrum Scale (Elastic Storage) Offerings

Thursday 12:30pm The Pendulum Swings Back -- Understanding Converged and Hyperconverged Environments

Friday 09:00am IBM Spectrum Storage Integration with OpenStack


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Is your data on the right storage tier?

• Requirements change over time

• Data owners are risk averse

• Users don’t see the total cost

• Rationing resources is unpopular

… but the biggest challenge has been:

• No objective way to determine what the ‘right tier’should be!

…so data stays on top tier storage (expensive)

• Resources that should be spent on innovation are wasted on infrastructure inefficiencies

50-60%

Optimal Storage Tier Distribution

�Tier 0

�Tier 2

�Tier 3

�Tier 1

20-25%

15-20%

1-5%

�-�0 �-�1%

Typical Storage Tier Distribution

70%

�Tier 0

�Tier 2

�Tier 3

�Tier 1

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015 4

Too Many Critical Storage Projects and…No Budget to Implement

Top Storage Pain Points Top Storage Projects

How do I fix these problems? How do I fund

these projects?


Storage Tiers –A trade-off between performance and cost

5

Server

Cache, Flashand Solid-State Drives

Hard Disk Drives

Automated Tape

Manual Tape

FasterPerformance

LowerCost

Technologies allow us to place and move data to the

appropriate storage tier to balance between

performance and cost


6

Four Fundamental Truths of Storage Tiering

• All data is not created equal

• Information changes in business value and in service level requirements over time

• IT resources should be allocated according to the value of information

• Information must be managed throughout its entire lifespan … data outlives media

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 w 2 w 3 w 4 w 3 m 6 m 9 m 1 yr 2 yr 5 yr 10 yr

Da

ta V

alu

e

Age of Data

Machine data

Email

EMR

Database

Surveillance Video


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Tiered Information Environment

A tiered information environment aligns IT resources with Business Value and Service Levels required

Best Practices

1. Align information with business requirements to determine 3-5 Information Classes

2. Establish policies to map information to a Class of Service

• Initial placement• Subsequent movement• Backups, archives, mirroring• Disposal, destruction, deletion

3. Establish well differentiated tiers of information infrastructure associated with each service level

Mission Critical

Business Critical

Business Operational

General Business

app/data type

Platinum Gold Silver BronzeInfrastructure Classes

of Service

InformationManagement

Characteristics

Client SW: Backup, Compliance, SRM, Storage Access, Replication

Device Mgmt SW: SAN hardware, Storage Arrays

Storage Virtualization

Storage Hardware: Disk, Tape, Storage Networking

Infrastructure / Tactical Components

Policies & Governance

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

app/data type

Policies / ISSC / Information Management


Introducing I/O Density – Performance measurement

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• For each LUN, the amount of IOPS is divided by the

amount of resident data

• IOPS = I/O (read/write) per second

• IO Density = IOPS per Terabyte of data for a given volume

• What is IO Density?

• IO Density (IOPS/TB) provides a level-set view of

performance regardless of volume size allowing a uniform

unit of measurement for analysis

• IOPS and TB tend to grow at similar rates, keeping IO

Density constant for each application

• The IO Density value is the peak value of the averages

taken for the hour or day, depending on the sampling

chosen (Daily, Hourly or Sample Average).

• Daily Average has thus far proven the most reliable

indicator of future re-tiering results

• Hourly Average useful for brief but intense high-demand

workloads

*


The Many Forms of Tiering – Single System Optimization

Low-latency DRAM and Flash

Solid State Drives (SSD)

Enterprise Disk(15K and 10K)

Nearline Disk(7200 RPM)

Automated TapeLibraries

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SingleSystem

Optimization

$$$

FlashSystem V9000with External Disk

DS8000 Disk System

SAN Volume Controller

Storwize


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I/O Density for Different Disk Technologies

1000

700

500

100

10

0

146GB15K

300GB15K

600GB10K

900GB10K

3 TB7200

4 TB7200

73GB15K

I/O Density(IOPS / TB)

Spinning disks get larger in capacity, but the overall IOPS per spindle remains

constant, causing lower I/O density

* Typical values, drives may vary


Automated Sub-LUN Tiering within Storage Array

Flash andSolid-State Drives

Enterprise HDD15K and 10K rpm

Nearline HDD7200 rpm

Problem:

� SSDs appear more expensive than traditional disks (per GB)

� Without optimization tools, clients have been over-provisioning them

� Administrators spend too much time monitoring, reporting, and tuning tiers

Solution:

� Three data relocation functions that enable smart data placement and movement to optimize SSD deployments with minimal costs

– Entire-LUN Relocation

– Sub-LUN Automatic Movement

– Re-balancing Intra-Tier Extent Pool

11


IBM Easy Tier®

Flash and SSD

Enterprise HDD

Nearline HDD

• Pools can have mixed media

1. Flash (including SSD)

2. Enterprise HDD (15K and 10K RPM)

3. Nearline HDD (7200 RPM)

• Easy Tier measures and manages activity

• 24 hour learning period

• Every five minutes: up to 8 extents moved

• Hottest Extents moved up to Flash tier

• Coldest Extents moved down to slowest Disk

• New allocations placed initially on fastest HDD

• A small amount of Flash (as little as 2-3%) can dramatically reduce response times and increase IOPS throughput

• Storage Tier Advisory Tool can estimate benefits of adding Flash before purchase!

12


Workload skew from different client environments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percentage of extents

Co

mu

lati

ve P

erc

en

tag

e o

f A

cti

vit

y

Mainframe1 - Small IOs Mainframe1 - MB Mainframe2 - Small IOs Mainframe2 - MBMainframe 3 - Small IOs Mainframe3 - MB Open1 - Small IOs Open1 - MBOpen2 - Small IOs Open2 - MB Open3 - Small IOs Open3 - MB

Nearline

Enterprise

SSD

Source: Internal IBM lab tests


Easy Tier Application Transaction Improvement

1414

Application

Transactions

Easy Tier

Learning

Easy Tier

In Action

240% from

Original

brokerage

transaction

� No change to the database or application

� No work required to identify active indexes or I/O profiles

� No manual movement of files or volumes

� Just turn it on and let it work!


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IBM Easy Tier features

Easy Tier

Application direct

data placement

based on

business and

application

knowledge

Easy Tier Server cooperative caching between host-based Flash cache and Easy Tier algorithms on disk system

• AIX on POWER systems with EXP30 Ultra SSD had 5x performance boost for File net ECM application workload

• Supports IBM FlashAdapter90 cardsSAN

Easy Tier Heat Map Transferanalysis of optimal data placement sent to remote mirrored systems to optimize in case of fail-over/hyperswap

Metro Mirror / Global Mirror / Global Copy


The Many Forms of Tiering – Datacenter Optimization






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DatacenterOptimization

$$

$$$

Spectrum Control

Spectrum Virtualize


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Realize Cost-Savings through Right-Tiering of Data Storage

Problem:

� High-end disk arrays are expensive

� Difficult to identify which data should be moved

� Manually re-locating LUNs is time-consuming and disruptive


IBM Intelligent ILM Implementation Phases

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1. Understand Client Data

2. Implement Tiering & Lifecycle Policies

TapeArchiveTier 3Tier 2Tier 1

3. Automate Lifecycle Management

• Analyze your data usage patterns and provides recommendations on how to cost-effectively store your data using storage tiers

• Define and implement storage tiers with policies on where to place your data initially and when to move it based on its changing business value

• Automate the movement of your data, without disruption or downtime, to lower cost storage tiers based on pre-defined policies and your business priorities


Where Does Your Data Belong?

1000

700

500

100

10

0


Different data have different I/O densities

Intelligent Storage Tiering Analysis (ISTA)Identifies the I/O density

of your existing data to help relocate data to

more cost effective storage

4%Tier 0>1000

2%Tier 1A

700-1000

3%Tier 1B500-700

20%Tier 2

100-500

42%Tier 310-100

24%Archive

<10

5%Inactive

* Typical percentages, client data may vary

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1. Understand Your Data –

Intelligent Storage Tiering Analysis (ISTA) services

Intelligent Storage Tiering Analysis (ISTA) - simulates savings by analyzing historical data usage patterns in existing environment

•Using IBM Spectrum Control or similar tools, the ISTA team can identify the volumes and TB that will be analyzed over period of 30 days

• IOPS average will be based on calculations using 96-288 samples taken for each volume throughout a 24-hour period.

• Often, ISTA finds volumes of data that were totally inactive during the analyzed period. This is not unknown access, but known zero access

•Based on this performance data collected from the storage environment, the analysis determines the average Indicative Tier Distribution for the volumes

Tier IOPS/

TBDaily TB

Daily %

Hourly TB

Hourly %

Tier 0 > 1000 17.61 1% 102.25 4%

Tier 1a 700-1000 11.31 0% 40.75 2%

Tier 1b 550-700 19.08 1% 61.87 3%

Tier 2 100-500 225.95 10% 473.55 20%

Tier 3 10-100 1147.23 50% 1010.86 42%

Archive <10 763.10 33% 579.83 24%

Inactive 0 120.42 5% 123.65 5%

Indicative Tier Distribution

Tier 0 Tier 1a

Tier 1b Tier 2

Tier 3 Nearline

Inactive


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2. Implement Tiering & Lifecycle Policies

Purchase additional Tier 0(Cache, Flash, SSD) for most demanding I/O densities

Purchase additional Tier 2 and 3for less demanding I/O densities


IBM Spectrum Virtualize with Spectrum Control

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Optimize Your ResourcesOptimize Your Resources

Automate Your Workloads Automate Your Workloads

Sim

plif

ied

M

an

ag

em

en

tS

imp

lifie

d

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

ComputeCompute StorageStorage NetworkNetwork

� APIs� Orchestration� Service Levels

� Standard Interfaces� Provisioning� Virtualization

ControlPlane

DataPlane

SANStorage Virtualization

IBM Spectrum Virtualize•IBM SAN Volume Controller •IBM Storwize V7000 / V5000•IBM FlashSystem V9000

Snapshot Data Protection

Storage Optimization, Provisioning andTransformation

Infrastructure Resource Management

IBM Spectrum Control•Data and storage management•Storage analytics

One or more


3. Automate Lifecycle Policies

SSD

Ent HDD

NL HDD

SSD

Ent HDD

NL HDD

NL HDD

SAN

Solution:

� IBM Storage Hypervisors can manage hundreds of arrays (IBM and non-IBM)

� Storage Analytics Engine recommends and performs up-tier and down-tier moves based on I/O Density and Age of the data

� Move LUNs non-disruptively within and acrossarrays

23


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IBM Global Account (IGA)

�As part of a technology refresh, IBM internally transformed its heavily Tier 1 environment to a 4-tier cost-effective infrastructure

– IGA realized $17 million in USD cost savings in 2012, primarily through CAPEX avoidance

– On track to realize $90 million in savings over five years

– “We were able to reduce a multi-day complex process to a matter of 2-3 hours!”

— Kris Myers. Dir. Information TechnologyIBM Global Account Division

�SmartCloud VSC managing the following tiers:

– Tier 1A = DS8000 w/ 15K RPM and SSD

– Tier 1B = XIV w/ 7200 RPM disk

– Tier 3 = V7000 w/ 2TB 7200 RPM

�Data that is most active remains on Tier 1, while data with lower activity is moved down to lower tiers, consuming less costly storage capacity on Tier 3

Case Study: IBM Global Account

USD $17M cost savings in 2012• Final estimated costs savings over $90M


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IBM Sweden Shared Environment

�Sweden has begun transforming its Tier 1 only environment to a 3-tier cost-effective infrastructure to deliver tiered solution to its existing and prospective clients

�Customer #1: IBM Sweden Internal Data

– Savings of 15M Swedish Krona (SEK) in estimated cost savings over next 5 years

�Customer #2: Large Fertilizer Business

– Savings of SEK 12M in estimated cost savings over next 5 years

�Estimated cost savings for existing shared clients

– Savings of SEK 50M in estimated cost savings over next 5 years for 12 existing shared clients

� IBM Sweden Shared Tiered Architecture

– Tier 1A = DS8K w/ 300GB 15K RPM drives

– Tier 1B = DS8K w/ 600GB 10K RPM

– Tier 3 = V7000 w/ 3TB 7.5K RPM

SEK 50M cost savings

estimated over 5 years

Case Study #2: IBM Sweden Shared Environment


The Many Forms of Tiering – Global Optimization






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GlobalOptimization

$$$

$$

$

Spectrum Scale

Spectrum Archive


The Problem: Islands of Block, File and Object level data

SAN-Level Storage� OS-specific file systems on

block-based devices

� Sharing requires file transfers

� Provides “Context” for Analytics of Social and Mobile transactions

File-level Storage� NAS encourages sharing

across social networks

� Desire for file sync-and-share across desktops and mobile

� HDFS requires transfer (ingest) from other sourcesJFS2

EXT4

NTFS

CIFS

HDFS

NFS

Object-level Storage� New Web and Mobile apps

prefer Object-level access

Amazon S3

OpenStackSwift

27


Spectrum Scale – Flexible File and Object Storage

FS1FS256. . .

Exabyte-Scale, Global

Namespace

One big file system or divide into as many as

256 smaller file systems

Each file system can be further divided into filesetcontainers

Flash and Disk LUNs are called Network Shared Disks (NSD) Metadata can be separated

to its own Pool or intermixed with data

Files can be migrated to Tape

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IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Supported Topologies

Twin-tailed

SAN

Internal, Direct-Attach

Shared PoolsFPO Pools

NSD Servers

� Access files on direct, twin-tailed or SAN attached disk

� Can export files to application nodes

File Placement Optimization (FPO) Servers

� Access files on direct attached disk

� Exports files to other FPO servers

External Clients

� Access files via file and object protocols over IP network

TCP/IP

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NSD Clients

� Access files via SAN, TCP/IP or RDMA

TCP/IP or RDMA network


IBM Spectrum Scale™ -- More than just a file system!

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ROBO

Other NFS

Other Datacenters

Scale

Cloud

Active File Management (AFM) caches

data to where it is needed, can be used to migrate from other NFS

Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)

moves data across tiers of flash and disk

Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM)

migrates infrequently accessed files to tape,

automatically recalls back when accessed

Local Read-Only Cache (LROC) caches the busiest blocks of files on local flash

Disaster Recovery (DR) asynchronously mirrors data to remote

locations

Migrate/Recall Tape

NSD Client


IBM Spectrum Scale™ solves “Dropbox problem” for File Sync-and-Share

SAN

Internal, Direct-Attach

No IT Control:• Servers and storage• Security• Access control • User provisioning• Sensitive data

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TCP/IP or RDMA Network

Twin-tailed


32

I/O Density for Different Disk Technologies

0


* Typical values, drives may vary

AutomatedTape library

Shelf Tape (on-premise)

Shelf Tape (off-premise)

As data ages, it is accessed less frequently

It can be cost-effective to move older data to

physical tape media


IBM Spectrum Scale – Tape options

33

• For Spectrum Protect or HPSS

• HSM client is installed on Spectrum Scale cluster

• Spectrum Scale sends migrations copy to HSM sever

• HSM Server stores data in proprietary format

IBM Spectrum Protect IBM Spectrum Archive

� Spectrum Archive is installed on select NSD servers of Spectrum Scale cluster

� Spectrum Archive migrates data directly to LTFS-format tape

Spectrum Scale Cluster

SAN

Spectrum Scale Cluster

SAN

HSM Client

HSM Server

IBM Spectrum Protect (and HPSS) support a variety of flash, disk, virtual and physical tape libraries, and even optical libraries

IBM Spectrum Archive eliminates a need for a TSM server, but is limited to LTFS-enabled tape libraries

DB

LTFSHSM

Spectrum Archive


Library Edition

Linux or Windows Server

Tape Library

NFS / CIFS

Linux Etc.ArchiveManagementSolutions

Application file access to tape

IBM Spectrum Scale

File system

Single Drive EditionLTFS Format EnablementSingle Drive Support

Library Edition Digital Archive EnablementTape Automation Support

Enterprise EditionIntegrated Tiered Storage Solutions

Application file access to tiered storage

Tape Library 1 Tape Library n

Spectrum Archive – Implementations

…

NSDNFS/CIFSObjectPOSIXHadoop

34


IBM Spectrum Archive™ Overview

35

IBM Spectrum Archive enables IBM tape libraries to read/write LTFS-format tapes in an IBM Spectrum Scale™ environment

• Based on the integration of Spectrum Scale™ and LTFS format

• Supports LTFS-enabled libraries and drives•TS4500 and TS3500 Enterprise libraries

•TS3310, TS3200, TS3100, TS2900 libraries

•TS1140 (or higher) Enterprise Drive

•LTO5 (or higher) Ultrium drive

• Integrated functionality with Spectrum Scale•Supports Policy based migrations

•Seamless DMAPI usage

•Data replication to multiple pools

• Supports scale-out for capacity and I/O•Seamless cache controls between Spectrum Archive nodes

•Tape drive performance balancing

•Multiple node performance balancing

Los Angeles London Tokyo

Clients

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Global Namespace

LTFS LTFS LTFS LTFS


The Solution: IBM Spectrum Scale™ brings it all together

Global Name Space

IBM Spectrum Scale™ replaces SAN-based file

systems

� Replaces NTFS, EXT4, JFS2 and other POSIX file systems

� Used by over 200 of the top 500 supercomputers

� No file transfers required between different OS

� Can be used with everything from databases to video streaming

� For x86, POWER andz System servers

� Secure with Data-at-rest encryption

IBM Spectrum Scale™ replaces HDFS and NAS file storage

� Full Hadoop interfaces for Map/Reduce analytics processing

� No transfer or ingest required as the data is already there

� Fully protected with Backup Software

� File-level access support for NFS, CIFS, FTP, SCP and HTTPS

� Supports File Sync-and-Sharevia OwnCloud or Funambol

IBM Spectrum Scale™ offers Object access

� Object-level access based on OpenStack Swift and Amazon S3 interfaces

IBM Spectrum Scale™ supports all media

� Spans flash, disk and tape media

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The Many Forms of Tiering






37

SingleSystem

Optimization

$$$

DatacenterOptimization

$$

$$$

$$$

$$

$

GlobalOptimization


Session summary

• Tiered storage helps to balance between performance and costs

• IBM Easy Tier can help optimize data placement within a single system of flash, enterprise and nearline disk

• IBM Spectrum Control and Storage Spectrum Virtualize can help optimize data placement across many different flash and disk arrays in the datacenter

• IBM Spectrum Scale and Spectrum Archive can optimize data placement globally, across multiple datacenter locations, for data stored on flash, disk and tape

38


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• Tucson, Arizona is home for storage hardware and software design and development

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41


About the Speaker

Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior managing consultant for the IBM System Storage™ product line. Tony joined

IBM Corporation in 1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings

on storage topics covering the entire System Storage product line, Tivoli storage software products, and topics related to Cloud

Computing. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to help clients with

strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization products.

Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by hundreds of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners

every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1

most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage:

Volume I through V.

Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and customer care positions for various storage hardware

and software products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in

Electrical Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. Tony holds 19 IBM patents for inventions on storage hardware and

software products.

9000 S. Rita Road

Bldg 9032 Floor 1

Tucson, AZ 85744

+1 520-799-4309 (Office)

[email protected]

Tony Pearson

Master Inventor,

Senior IT Specialist

IBM System Storage™

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Email:[email protected]

Twitter:twitter.com/az99Øtony

Blog: ibm.co/Pearson

Books:www.lulu.com/spotlight/99Ø_tony

IBM Expert Network on Slideshare:www.slideshare.net/az99Øtony

Facebook:www.facebook.com/tony.pearson.16121

Linkedin:www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=103718598

Additional Resources from Tony Pearson

43


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44

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The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.

Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.

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s de0882 new-generation-tiering-edge2015-v3

Technology

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appropriate storage

ibm smarter storage

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cost copyright ibm corporation

tape storage system