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TRANSCRIPT
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全像攝影術(Holography)
Chen-Ching Ting(丁振卿)
Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology(國立台北科技大學機械系)
Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/E-mail: [email protected]
December 11, 2007
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 1 / 42
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課程大綱
1 HolographyPhotography (Recording)Image Reconstruction
2 Holographical InterferometryReal TimeDouble Exposure
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 2 / 42
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參考文獻 I
E. Hecht, Optics, Addison Wesley Co., New York 2001.
W. Lauterborn, T. Kurz, and M. Wiesenfeldt, Coherent Optics, Fundamentals andApplications. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2003
R. J. Collier, C. B. Burckhardt, and L. H. Lin, Optical Holography, Academic Press, 1971.
http://www.nsc.gov.tw/ newfiles/popular science.asp?add year=2005&popsc aid=17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 3 / 42
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Holography
Holography (1948)Dennis Gabor (1900-1979)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 4 / 42
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Holography
Holography
全像攝影術(Holography)簡單的說乃一項三度空間的攝影技術,不同於一般的攝影僅儲存了亮度(Intensity)的資料,全像攝影儲存了亮度(Intensity)及相(Phase)的資料。
全像攝影術乃在1948年,由匈牙利人(Hungarian)物理學家Dennis Gabor (1900–1979)所發明,他也因此在1971年獲得諾貝爾物理獎(Nobel Prize in physics)。但是,全像攝影術一直到1960年Laser光出現後才真正突飛猛進。
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 5 / 42
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Holography
Laser
The first working laser was demonstrated in May 1960 by TheodoreMaiman at Hughes Research Laboratories.
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 6 / 42
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Holography
Coherent Light、Interference、Holography相互之關係
Coherent Light為產生Interference現象的唯一光源,而產生Interference為同時儲存入射光之振幅與相的唯一方法,Holography則是同時儲存入射光之振幅與相的照像技術。
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 7 / 42
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Holography
Holographical Photos
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 8 / 42
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Holography
Holography
1 Photography (Recording)
2 Hologram(底片)
3 Image Reconstruction
4 Phase Conjugation
5 Holographic Arrangements
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 9 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 10 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Setup of Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 11 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 12 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Superposition
The monofrequency light (Coherent Light):Object Wave:
S(x , y , t) = S(x , y)exp(−iωt) (1)Reference Wave:
R(x , y , t) = R(x , y)exp(−iωt) (2)At a point (x,y) of the hologram:Superposition:
E (x , y , t) = S(x , y , t) + R(x , y , t) (3)
Intensity:
I (x , y) = |E (x , y)|2 (4)= |R(x , y) + S(x , y)|2 (5)= (R + S)(R + S)∗ (6)
= RR∗ + SS∗ + R∗S + RS∗ (7)Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 13 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 14 / 42
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Exposure
*
0 0
( , ) ( , , ) ( , , ) ( , , )B Bt t
B x y I x y t dt E x y t E x y t dt= =∫ ∫
B (Energy/Area), Bt :Exposure Time
The complex amplitude transmittance τ is given by
exp( ) | | exp( )ae
E T i iE
τ ϕ τ ϕ= = = (From Fabry-Perot Interferometer)
Amplitude Phase
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 14 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Laser共共共振振振腔腔腔(Etalon)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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共振腔(Etalon)Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Fabry-Perot Interferometer
0 exp( )etE ikL
0 exp( 2 )etrE ik L2
0 exp( 3 )etr E ik L
0eE2
0 exp( )et E ikL0erE
2 20 exp( 3 )et r E ik L
20 exp( 2 )et rE ik L
30 exp( 4 )etr E ik L
2 30 exp( 4 )et r E ik L
40 exp( 5 )etr E ik L
2 40 exp( 5 )et r E ik L
2 2( 1)0 exp[ (2 1) ]
net r E ik n L
− −
1E
2E
3E
nE
Etalon
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Fabry-Perot Interferometer2 2( 1)
02 2( 1)
02( 1)
1
exp[ (2 1) ]
exp( ) exp( 2 )
exp( 2 )
nn e
ne
n
E t r E ik n L
t E ikL r ik nL
E r ik nL
−
−
−
= −
=
=
2 2( 1)0
2 2 3 20
21
exp[ (2 1) ]
exp[ (2 3) ] exp( 2 )
exp( 2 )
nn e
ne
n
E t r E ik n L
t r E ik n L r ik L
E r ik L
−
−
−
= −
= −
=
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Hologram
Amplitude Hologram
Phase Hologram.constϕ =
.T const=
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Hologram
The complex amplitude transmittance is usually a function of the position on the hologram.
( , ) ( , ) exp[ ( , )]x y T x y i x yτ τ ϕ= =
Amplitude Hologram:.constϕ =
Phase Hologram:.T const=
T
B
B
ϕ
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Amplitude HologramThe usual processing of a photographic plate yields a realamplitude transmittance T which depends on the exposureB.
BT a bIt= −T a bB= −BB It=
* * * *( , ) ( )( , )BT x y a bt RR SS R S RS x y= − + + +
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Amplitude TransmittanceHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Amplitude TransmittanceHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Phase Hologram
( ) ' ' BI a b t Iϕ = −exp[ ( )]i Iτ ϕ=
( )2
I πϕ exp[ ( )] cos[ ( )] sin[ ( )]1 ( )
i I I i Ii Iϕ ϕ ϕϕ
= +≈ +
* * * *1 ( ) (1 ') ' ( )Bi I ia ib t RR SS R S RSϕ≈ + = + + + + +
Holography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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HologramHolography Photography (Recording)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 15 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Holography 為利用干涉現象的攝影技術,而Hologram乃所使用的底片,因此,未使用CoherentLight進行影像重建的Hologram,在Incoherent 的白色光下呈現干涉現象的明暗相間條紋。
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 16 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 17 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 18 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 19 / 42
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Holography Photography (Recording)
Hologram
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 20 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 21 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 22 / 42
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ReconstructionRecording
Reconstruction
虛像
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 22 / 42
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Reconstruction of Virtual ImageHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 22 / 42
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Reconstruction of Real ImageHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 22 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
成像
1 Real Image(實像):成像光來自真實的像所發出。
2 Virtual Image(虛像):成像光來自虛擬的像所發出。
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 23 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Amplitude Hologramm
以參考光束(R)進行重建:
R(x , y , t) = R(x , y)exp(−iωt)Ea(x , y) = T (x , y)Ee = T (x , y)R
= R [a − btB(RR∗ + SS∗ + R∗S + RS∗)]= R(a − btBRR∗) − btBRSS∗ − btBRR∗S − btBR2S∗
= R(a − btB |R|2) − btBR|S |2 − btB |R|2S − btBR2S∗
以參考光之共軛光束(R∗)進行重建:
R∗(x , y , t) = R(x , y)exp(iωt)
Ea(x , y) = T (x , y)Ee = T (x , y)R∗
= R∗ [a − btB(RR∗ + SS∗ + R∗S + RS∗)]= R∗(a − btBRR∗) − btBR∗SS∗ − btB(R∗)2S − btBR∗RS∗
= R∗(a − btB |R|2) − btBR∗|S |2 − btB(R∗)2S − btB |R|2S∗
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Amplitude HologramThe reference wave for reconstruction:
( , , ) ( , ) exp( )R x y t R x y i tω= −
* * * *
* * * *
2 2 2 2 *
( , ) ( , ) ( , )
( )
( )
( | | ) | | | |
a e
B
B B B B
B B B B
E x y T x y E T x y R
Ra bt R RR SS R S RS
R a bt RR bt RSS bt RR S bt RRS
R a bt R bt R S bt R S bt R S
= =
= − + + +
= − − + +
= − − + +
.constϕ =
直接穿透光
原物光
共軛光
雜訊
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Reconstruction
2( | | )BR a bt R− 2| |Bbt R S2| |Bbt R S 2 *Bbt R S
﹕直接穿透光
﹕雜訊(Speckle Pattern)
﹕原物光
﹕共軛光
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Location of the ImagesHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Plane Waves
0( ) exp( )E r E ik r= ⋅
0( ) exp( sin )E r E ikx γ=
γ
Sx
cos 0 cos( )2
sin
k r kr kx
kx
π γ
γ
⋅ = = −
=
Plane Waves:
2π γ−
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Location of the Images
The source light is a plane wave with incident angle :γ
The wave S* can be interpreted as a wave leaving the hologram at the angle .γ−
γπ γ+
S
*S
sin( ) sin( ) sinπ γ γ γ+ = − = −
The reference and reconstruction light are also a plane wave with incident angle :α
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Conjugate image
sin 2 2sin cosα α α=1α ﹐
Conjugate image:
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Conjugate image
With increasing α γ , the conjugate image becomesmore and more distorted until, for
or
Disappear at
an angle does no longer exists to satisfy the relation. Then, the corresponding parts of the conjugate image disappear.
β
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Location of the ImagesHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Phase Hologram
* * * *
( , ) ( , ) exp[ ( , )] [1 ( ( , ))]
(1 ') ' ( )a
B
E x y x y R i x y R i I x y R
ia R ib t R RR SS R S RS
τ ϕ ϕ= = ≈ +
≈ + + + + +
exp( ) cos sini iϕ ϕ ϕ= + exp( ) 1i iϕ ϕ≈ +1ϕ
As a result of the additional approximation, the nonlinear effects are more pronounced with phase holograms than amplitude holograms.
exp( ) 1i iϕ ϕ≈ +
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 24 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Phase Conjugation
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 25 / 42
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Phase Conjugation
Phase conjugating mirrors can be built from nonlinear crystals such as
3 3 12 20, ,LiNbO BaTiO Bi SiO
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 25 / 42
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Phase Conjugation
Plane wave:
To obtain the phase conjugate wave, the wave vector k has to be replaced by –k.(反方向傳播)
Phase conjugate wave:
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 25 / 42
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Phase ConjugationHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 25 / 42
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Phase ConjugationHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 25 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Holographic Arrangements
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 26 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Holographic Arrangements
1 In-line Holograms
2 Reflection Holograms
3 Transmission Holograms
4 White light Holograms
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 27 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
In-line Holograms
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 28 / 42
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In-line Holograms
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 28 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Reflection Holograms
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 29 / 42
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Reflection HologramsHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 29 / 42
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Reflection HologramsHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 29 / 42
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Reflection HologramsHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 29 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Transmission Holograms
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 30 / 42
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Transmission HologramsHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 30 / 42
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Transmission HologramsHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 30 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
White Light Holograms
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 31 / 42
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White Light Holograms
Spectrum of white light of halogen metal vapor lamp
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 31 / 42
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White light Holograms
2
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 31 / 42
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White light Holograms
Source Light
Reference Light
多層膜底片
Bragg Reflection: 2dλ ≤
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 31 / 42
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Arrangement of White Light Holograms
利用Bragg’s Law進行像重建
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 31 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Rainbow Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow Holograms
彩虹全像術的拍攝與重建過程為使用物波(OB) 與參考波 (RB) 產生干涉圖案,由全像底 H1 記錄成離軸式全像片。把拍攝好的全像片 H1 以一水平狹縫遮蓋(或把它剪出約三或四毫米高的長條來)後,再以參考波RB 的共軛波照射,重建出原物的實像到記錄底片 H2 附近(底片前、後,或底片上)。這時再加入另一道同調參考波來產生干涉,形成第二張離軸式全像片 H2,這張全像片就是所謂的彩虹全像片。
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow HolographyHolography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow Holograms
彩虹全像片 (Rainbow Holograms)乃全像片以全光譜白光來照射,因不同波長光的繞射角度不同,產生一系列互相錯開的影像,而使得所觀察到的影像呈現一片模糊,若要看到清楚的影像,就必須限制眼睛所能看到的波長頻帶,彩虹全像術正是為了這個目的而被提出。
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow Holograms
以第二次參考波的共軛波來照射這全像片,會重建出原狹縫的影像,觀察者把雙眼擺在狹縫影像的位置朝全像片觀看,可以看到原物的立體影像。由於不同波長的光的繞射角度不同,白光照射所重建的狹縫實際上是一系列互相平行的彩虹狹縫組,而限於眼睛的尺寸,所看到的波長頻帶會因此變小很多。
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow Holograms
如果參考波與物波的夾角很大,那麼彩虹狹縫組分布的範圍就很廣,眼睛在某一種顏色的狹縫後觀看,就會看到該顏色的影像。否則,影像從上到下就會呈現不同波長的分布,最嚴重的情況則是彩虹狀的分布,當然,這是我們最不想要的情況。
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Rainbow Holograms
簡單來說,彩虹全像的影像來自方向非常專一的影像光,此一影像光在與參考光進行干涉而將影像儲存在全像底片後,影像的重建過程將隨參考光入射後的折射角度變化而有不同結果,全光譜白色光因具備可見光的不同波長光線,在波長與折射率成反比的條件下﹐眼睛以不同角度觀看此重建的全像片時便會顯現不同顏色的影像。
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Arrangement of Rainbow Holography
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Arrangement of Rainbow Holography
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Reconstruction of Rainbow Holograms
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Reconstruction of Rainbow Holograms
Holography Image Reconstruction
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 32 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Recording of Rainbow Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 33 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Reconstruction of Rainbow Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 34 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Recording of Denisyuk Holography
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 35 / 42
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Holography Image Reconstruction
Reconstruction of Denisyuk Holography (White Light)
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 36 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry
Holographic Interferometry
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 37 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry
Holographic Interferometry
1 Real Time
2 Double Exposure
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 38 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry Real Time
Real Time
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 39 / 42
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Real Time
Holographical Interferometry Real Time
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 39 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry Double Exposure
Double Exposure
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 40 / 42
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Double Exposure
Holographic Interferometry Setup
Holographical Interferometry Double Exposure
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 40 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry Double Exposure
結結結論論論
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 41 / 42
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Holographical Interferometry Double Exposure
結論
全像攝影為一真正三度空間的攝影技術﹐所謂三度空間指的是空間的距離﹐即全像攝影儲存的資訊包含物體縱深﹐不同一般攝影技術只儲存光的亮度資訊﹐全像攝影乃儲存了光的亮度與相﹐儲存光之相的唯一方法乃透過干涉結果﹐而Coherent光為進行干涉的唯一光源。全像攝影的技術發展不僅可實現真正三度空間的影像顯示﹐更可開創虛凝真實影像的新世界。
Chen-Ching Ting (丁振卿) Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (國立台北科技大學機械系) Homepage: http://cct.me.ntut.edu.tw/ E-mail: [email protected] ()全像攝影術(Holography) December 11, 2007 42 / 42
HolographyPhotography (Recording)Image Reconstruction
Holographical InterferometryReal TimeDouble Exposure