s-ten owl, iso 15926, scada, geometry and topology olf's integrated operations - knowledge...
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S-TEN
OWL, ISO 15926, SCADA, geometry and topology
OLF's Integrated Operations - Knowledge Industry
Stavanger, 29th September 2005
David Leal, CAESAR Systems Limited
2 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Scope of presentation
ISO 15926 and OWL Semantic Web use of restriction classes inferencing
Geometry and topology CAD, Geodesy, Mesh bring in to the ISO 15926/OWL style
ScadaOnWeb what is a measurement data with structure
Distributed engineering data - STEN networks of things – networks of data
S-TEN
ISO 15926 and OWL
4 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
What is ISO 15926 for?
To record facts, by the use of reference data
To record changes
Each fact is independent with a separate audit trail
Support for data warehousing Large scope requires simple and generic approach
5 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Simple connection example
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
2″ 300# RF
2″ 150# RF
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
6 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
2″ 300# RF
2″ 150# RF
connection assembly C-101
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
7 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
pipe A-256end 2 flange
connectionassembly
C-101
pump P-101suction nozzle
flange
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
part of part of
type
2″ 300# RF
type
2″ 150# RF
type
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
8 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
pipe A-256end 2 flange
connectionassembly
C-101
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
part
classifier
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
compositionwhole
classification
classified
9 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Basic vocabulary and reference data
Basic engineering vocabulary in ISO 15926-2 composition, classification
Process/Oil and Gas reference data in ISO 15926-4 flange, raised face flange, 2″ 300# RF
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
10 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Basic vocabulary and reference data
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
part 2
philosophy
basic engineering
part 4processoil and gas
supplier parts
thing
individual
flange
2" flange raised face flange
2″ 300# RF
composition
classification
11 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
The ‘4D’ approachspace
time
pump P-101 suction nozzle flange
pump P-101 suction nozzle flangefrom 2004-03-13 to 2005-09-29
connectionassembly
C-101
part of pump P-101suction nozzle
flange
connectionassembly
C-101
assembly part of temporal part ofpump P-101
suction nozzle flangefrom 2004-03-13 to
2005-09-29
pump P-101suction nozzle
flange
12 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
What is RDF/OWL for?
To make statements, by the use of ontologies.
To do this with ontologies published on the Web.
To support inferencing.
The OWL community knows little about engineering
13 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
The layers of the Semantic Web
URI Unicode
XML NameSpaceRDF model & syntax
RDF schema
Ontologies
Rules
Logic
Proof
Trust
basic technologies
how to making a statement
OWL
part 2
part 4
14 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
The semantic web vision
Semantically precise data is published on the Web
A query to a Google-like Web browser can find:
Which models of pump can pump liquids of viscosity V at temperature T at rate R
The suppliers of these pumps
The costs and delivery times.
S-TEN
About the Semantic Web
A procurement example
16 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Procurement on the Web
<Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/>
<iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature>
etc. </Class>
a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing:
17 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Procurement on the Web
<Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/>
<iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature>
etc. </Class>
a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing:
The URL of the model iswww.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/product.owl#JBC1234
18 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Procurement on the Web
<Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/>
<iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature>
etc. </Class>
a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing:
What it iswww.iso.org/15926/4/rdl.owl#Pump
19 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Procurement on the Web
<Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/>
<iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature>
etc. </Class>
a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing:
A propertywww.iso.org/15926/4/rdl.owl#maximumOperatingTemperature
20 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Procurement on the Web
a file www.jbloggs.co.uk/2006/products.owl containing:
Quantity and unitwww.iso.org/31/rdl.owl#Temperature
www.iso.org/1000/rdl.owl#celsius
<Class ID=″JBC1234″> <subClassOf resource=″&iso15926-4;Pump″/>
<iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature> <iso31:Temperature> <iso1000:celsius> 300.0 </iso1000:celsius> </iso31:Temperature> </iso15926-4:maximumOperatingTemperature>
etc. </Class>
21 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A subtlety – proper use of set theory
JBC1234things with
maximum operating temperatureof 300 degrees Celsius
This gives support for inferencing
22 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
From Google to Data base
A precise ‘data base’ query over the Web
But there is no data base
Standard vocabularies are required ‘pump’, ‘delivery time’, ‘operating temperature’, ‘day’, ‘Celsius’
Find all the pumps models where:- delivery time less than 60 days- operating temperature is in range 0 to 300 degrees Celsius etc.
23 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
From Google to Data base
A precise ‘data base’ query over the Web
But there is no data base
Standard vocabularies are required ‘pump’, ‘delivery time’, ‘operating temperature’, ‘day’, ‘Celsius’
This is going to happen The EU is backing the technology. The US DoD is backing the technology. Existing Web procurement systems will use it under the covers
Find all the pumps models where:- delivery time less than 60 days- operating temperature is in range 0 to 300 degrees Celsius etc.
S-TEN
What is inferencing
25 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A valid connection assembly
things with a2″ 300# RF as a part
things with a2″ 150# RF as a part
connectionassembly
2″ 300/150# RFconnection assembly
thing deemed valid for project Proj-101
26 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Statement about a connection
About C-101: it is a connection it has a 2″ 300# RF flange as a part it has a 2″ 150# RF flange as a part
Question: Is it valid within project Proj-101? Is it a member of the class ‘thing deemed valid for project Proj-101’?
27 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Automated check for validity
NORSOK
Bloggs Oil
‘Thing deemed valid forProj-101’
A. D. Vance & Ptns.
C-101• is a connection assembly• has a 2″ 300# RF flange• has a 2″ 150# RF flange
ISOISO 15926 reference data
2″ 300/150# RFconnection assembly
DNV
Is C-101a member of ‘Thing deemed valid for Proj-101’?
S-TEN
ISO 15926-3
Geometry and topology
29 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Objectives of of ISO 15926-3
Information repository that can integrate CAD geometry and GIS geometry
interface to either type of system ISO 10303-203/214 or ISO 19107
Management of geometric information from different sources different coordinate systems different units of measure separate audit trail for each data item missing and conflicting data
Support of property distributions defined over meshes FE analysis input and results sub-surface exploration results
Integration of geometry and topology with other ISO 15926 information
30 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Subject areas in ISO 15926-3
geometry and topologyontology derived from
ISO 10303-42
spatial and temporal variation of propertiesontology for meshes and functions over meshes
link toISO 15926-2
ontology
link to individuals
geodesyontology
link to geodesy
some basic mathematical concepts
31 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A circle
radius r planecentre O
geometric properties
radius rplanecentre Oreference axis zparameter
parameterisation properties
circle
O
r
O
canonically parameterised circle
z
axis1_placement
axis2_placement
32 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Curve ontology
Line
Conic
Hyperbola ParabolaEllipse
Circle
Clothoid CircularInvolutePolyline
InfiniteCurve
CanonicallyParameterisedLine
CanonicallyParameterisedEllipse
CanonicallyParameterisedCircle
CanonicallyParameterisedHyperbola
CanonicallyParameterisedParabola
CanonicallyParameterisedClothoid
CanonicallyParameterisedCircularInvolute
BSplineCurve
ManifoldProjection
Curve
SelfIntersectingCurve
ParameterisedCurveBoundedCurveUnlboundedCurve
DirectedCurve
ParameterisedSet
FiniteCurve
SubMetricSpace
NonSelfIntersectingCurve
Manifold1d
BoundedFiniteCurve
UnBoundedFiniteCurve
33 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Parameterised surface
pphysical = (u, v): R2 physical space
Parameterisation function for surface
X(pphysical) = (u, v)
X: physical space R2
Coordinate system for surface
z
xy
inverse function: X = -1
34 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Parameterised surface
PlaneEllipsoidalSurface
SphericalSurface
ToroidalSurface ConicalSurface
(FacetedPlaneSurfacePrimitive)
FiniteSurface
BSplineSurface
ManifoldProjection
Surface
SelfIntersectingSurface
ParameterisedSurface
BoundedSurface UnboundedSurface
OrientedSurface
ParameterisedSet
InfiniteSurface
SubMetricSpace
NonSelfIntersectingSurface
Manifold2d
CylindricalSurface
OuterDegerenateToroidalSurface
InnerDegerenateToroidalSurfaceSweptSurface
SurfaceOfLinearExtrusionSurfaceOfRevolution
SurfaceCurveSweptSurface
FixedReferenceSweptSurface
PlaneConvexQuadrilateralSurfaceTriangularSurface
UBoundedSurface UUnboundedSurface
VBoundedSurface VUnboundedSurface
CannonicallyParameterisedFixedReferenceSweptSurface
BoundedFiniteSurface UnboundedFiniteSurface
WGS84
35 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Omission flagged by BSI review
2½D Geodesy
reference surface
height model
offset surfaces defined by distance along normal
S-TEN
www.scadaonweb.com
37 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
ScadaOnWeb Project partners
Caesar - Caesar Systems Limited
Cygnus - Cygnus Engineering AG
Bacher - Bacher Consulting
LABEIN - Fundacion Labein
SEfAS - Sintef Energy Research
FGH - Forschungsgemeinschaft für Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.V.
RACOS - Racos Technische Informationssysteme
38 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Requirements for the technology
SCADA systems are different because they handle large amounts of data - gigabytes
The data is structured into arrays of different dimensions for each time point there is a 1D array of 1000 measurements 10000 time points gives a 2D array (100001000)
Efficiency requires maintenance of the array structures - no ‘confetti’ data numbers held as binary format
Use over the web requires XML for the semantics of the data ontologies for the measurement process - e.g. sampling rates ontologies for physical properties, physical quantities and units ontologies for measurement quality
39 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Demonstrators
Flood warning system based upon many remote sensors
Flexible metering of domestic and small industrial consumers
Data sharing within a balance group in the energy market
Control of distributed wind and hydro electricity generation
Condition based maintenance of remote equipment
40 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Flood warning demonstrator prototype
http://www.scadaonweb.com/demonstrators.html
S-TEN
Measurement quality
42 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A measurement system at an instant
physical system
measurementsystem
assembly part of
physical systemat instant
measurementsystem at instant
temporal part of
measured property
measurement system quality
temporal part of
assembly part of
43 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
IEC 61850 Measurement quality
Validity
DetailQual
Source
TestStatus
OperatorBlockedStatus
OverflowStatus
OutOfRangeStatus
BadReferenceStatus
OscillatoryStatus
FailureStatus
OldDataStatus
InconsistencyStatus
Good Questionable Invalid
Overflow NotOverflow
OutOfRange NotOutOfRange
BadReference NotBadReference
Oscillatory NotOscillatory
Failure NotFailure
OldData NotOldData
Inconsistent NotInconsistent
Process Default Substituted
Test NotTest
OperatorBlocked NotOperatorBlocked
Space Allowed values
S-TEN
Property distributions
45 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Flow measurement
space
time
whole life segment of life instant in life
its identifierwhat type it ishow it is connected
when: from --> tomaximum flow ratetotal flowaverage flow rate
when: atflow rate at instant
46 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Distributions
time
flow rate
sampling decomposition
time
total flow in period
47 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Array of measurementsflow rate
For each ‘measurement system at instant’ there is a temperature and quality
my measurementsystem atinstant set
flow rate andquality space
my distribution
For each integer there is a real number and quality identifier
1 to20 real and integer vectorarray
parameterisation: numbering of the sensors
scale: kg s-1 and representation of quality by an integer vector
time
48 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Semantics and mathematical description
HDF5
ISO15926/OWL
domain of distribution
physical quantitydistribution (field)
maths space maths spacemaths function
parameterisation scale: unitscoordinate system
description
measurementsystem
sampling or decomposition
49 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Structured data block
variables
positionsstates/times
semantics
gigabytes of structured
data
extract and download subsets
acknowledgements to
S-TEN
Intelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
FP6 Project under negociation - proposed start 2006
Summary of objectives
51 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Partners
Caesar - Caesar Systems Limited
Cygnus - Cygnus Engineering AG
LABEIN - Fundacion Labein
FGH - Forschungsgemeinschaft für Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.V.
RACOS - Racos Technische Informationssysteme
HEVS - Haute Ecole Valaisanne
LKS-G - LKSoftWare GmbH
LKS-L - LKSoftWare Lithuania
52 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Main motivation of the project
To enable monitoring and control of networks where there no data base that contains a complete network definition.
The reasons why there is no data base can be: there is no funding for the maintenance of the data base; there is no single organisation in overall control of the network; organisations that control different parts of the network are unable or
unwilling to integrate their systems with a central data base
These reasons apply very strongly to: environmental networks; electrical transmission and distribution networks in the deregulated
energy environment.
They can even apply where a network is controlled by a single company or organisation.
53 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
How it is to be done
Each component of the network will have a Web page
The Web page will specify: what the component is; where it is and how it is connected; what its properties are.
The Web page will contain: current information; historical information; predictions and plans for the future.
The information on the web page will be in a standard format.
‘Google like’ systems will maintain indexes and will: answer queries; create complete network descriptions for network simulation and visualisation
applications.
54 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
The economic impact
A new generation of network monitoring and control software
Standards based, off-the-shelf software Flexible operation over the Web No need for network data bases
New applications Environmental management Deregulated electricity network management
Old applications done better Monitoring of flexible manufacturing, where production lines are
continually re-configured Are existing plant and network data bases really needed? An
alternative to SAP.
55 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Proving the concept
The things in the real world
Each thing describes itself on the web using a standards-based ontology
web browser application
network designapplication
collected data asISO 10303-212/214/221/…
physical things
web things
decision supportapplication
direct interface to Web datausing OWL-QL
Protocols that allow a new device in the network to announce itself will be
defined by the project
S-TEN
Questions
S-TEN
Detail about the difference between OWL and ISO 15926
for leisure reading
58 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using ISO 15926-2
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
2"-150/300#RFflanged connection
side 1 side 2
classification of C-101as 2"-150/300#RF
classified
classifier
possible_individual possible_individual
class_of_connection_of_individual
connection_of_individual
classification
instance of EXPRESS entity
attribute of instance
59 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using ISO 15926-2
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
2"-150/300#RFflanged connection
side 1 side 2
classification of C-101as 2"-150/300#RF
classified
classifierother_relationship
inspection ofC101 by Fred Bloggs
end 1
Fred Bloggs
person
60 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using ISO 15926-2
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
inspection
side 1 side 2
classification of C-101as 2"-150/300#RF
classified
classifierother_relationship
inspection ofC101 by Fred Bloggs
end 1
Fred Bloggs
person
classification
class_of_relationship
61 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using ISO 15926-2
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
2"-150/300#RFflanged connection
side 1 side 2
classification of C-101as 2"-150/300#RF
classified
classifier
possible_individual possible_individual
class_of_connection_of_individual
connection_of_individual
classification
instance of EXPRESS entity
attribute of instance
return to the simple case:
62 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using RDF
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
2"-150/300#RFflanged connection
subject object
predicate
Individual Individual
Property
Statement
instance of RDF Class
relationship
equivalently:
63 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using RDF
pipe A-256-hpump P-101
suction nozzle
2"-150/300#RF flanged connection
instance of RDF Class
relationship
or shown more simply:
which makes it clear that the statement is not an object which can be referenced
64 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
A statement using ISO 15926-2
pipe A-256-h connection C-101pump P-101
suction nozzle
inspection
side 1 side 2
classification of C-101as 2"-150/300#RF
classified
classifierother_relationship
inspection ofC101 by Fred Bloggs
end 1
Fred Bloggs
person
classification
class_of_relationship
so we loose the ability to do this:
65 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Does the difference matter?
There seem to be few, if any, circumstances where it does.
ISO 15926-2 says that only possible_individuals can participate in an activity – not relationships
pipe A-256-h / pump P-101connection assembly
pipe A-256-h
2"-150/300#RFflanged connection
inspection ofpipe A-256-h / pump P-101
connection assembly
pump P-101suction nozzle
has parthas part
classified as
participates in
possible_individual
possible_individualpossible_individual
class_of_individual
Fred Bloggs
participates in
activity
person
This works fine for both RDF/OWL and ISO 15926
66 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Two ways of looking at things
pipe A-256-h / pump P-101connection assembly
possible_individual
pipe A-256-h
possible_individual
pipe A-256-h is part ofpipe A-256-h / pump P-101
connection assembly
composition_of_individual
whole part
pipe A-256-h / pump P-101connection assembly
possible_individual
pipe A-256-h
possible_individual
partOf
hasPart
ISO 15926
OWL
67 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Two ways of looking at things
composition_of_individual
Property
partOf hasPart
ISO 15926
OWL
relationship class of relationship
subclass of member of
inverse of
member of
member of
68 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Two ways of looking at things
ISO 15926
OWL
#85=POSSIBLE_INDIVIDUAL(″pipe A-256-h / pump P-101 connection assembly″);#86=POSSIBLE_INDIVIDUAL(″pipe A-256-h″);
#87=COMPOSITION_OF_INDIVIDUAL(#85,#86);
<PossibleIndividual about=″#pipe-A-256-h_pump-P-101-connection-assembly″/><PossibleIndividual about=″#pipe-A-256-h″/>
<PossibleIndividual about=″#pipe-A-256-h_pump-P-101-connection-assembly″> <hasPart resource=″#pipe-A-256-h″/></PossibleIndividual>
S-TEN
URI, URN and URL
An important technology
70 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
URI, URN and URL
URN globally unique ID – does not correspond to a resource on the
Web :iso:std:iso:ts:15925:2:rdl:ClassOfStream
URI Uniquely identified resource on the Web www.iso.org/std/iso/ts/15926/2/rdl.owl#ClassOfStream
Either can be used as an ID in OWL
URIURN URL
71 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
URN and URL for ISO standards
Current generation of RDL standards not Web friendly ISO 15926-4, eOTD (ECCMA Open Technical Dictionary) internal identification scheme other standards referenced in the text
Use of URN by ISO ISO TC184/SC4/N1916 – assignment of a URN to an ISO standard SC4 resolution 650 – assignment of a URN to an object within an ISO
standard
All ISO standards become ‘open technical dictionaries’ All ISO standards assign URNs to their concepts Do not want RDL standards to define additional URNs
72 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
URN uptake - before
Technical standards today Define concepts in text Regard the assignment of computer interpretable keywords for
concepts as ‘somebody else’s problem’
RDL standards today Define ‘trivial’ concepts not defined in other standards Make textual references to concepts defined in other standards Assign keywords to concepts Provide systematisation of concepts – e.g. groups and hierarchies
73 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
URN uptake - after
Technical standards tomorrow Define concepts in text Assign URNs to the concepts using the methodology of ISO
TC184/SC4/N1916
RDL standards tomorrow Define ‘trivial’ concepts not defined in other standards Assign URNs to these concepts only, using the methodology of ISO
TC184/SC4/N1916 Reference concepts defined in other standards by URN Provide systematisation of concepts – e.g. groups and hierarchies
74 S-TENIntelligent Self-describing Technical and Environmental Networks
Transition synchronised with URN uptake
Before The metre is defined in ISO 1000 The meter is an object in ISO 15926-4, defined by reference to ISO
1000. It is classified as a property.
If we do nothing, there will be an ISO 1000 URN and an ISO 15926-4 URN for the same concept.
After The metre is defined in ISO 1000 and assigned a URN in ISO 1000 ISO 15926-4 classifies the metre as a property, but does not assign a
new URN.
The ownership of reference data belongs with its creator, and not with an RDL standard.