s. v. astashkin- on interpolation of bilinear operators with a real method

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  • 8/3/2019 S. V. Astashkin- On Interpolation of Bilinear Operators with A Real Method

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    O N I N TE R P O L A T I O N O F B I L I N E A R O P E R A T O R S W I T HA R E A L M E T H O D

    S . V , , A s t a s h k i n U D C 5 1 7 . 9 8 9 . 2 7

    T h i s a r t i c l e c o n s i d e r s f u n c t o r s o f t h e r e a l m e t h o d f o r i n t e r p o l a t i o n o f b i l i n e a ro p e r a t o r s . A d e s c r i p t i o n i s o b t a i n e d f o r t h e m i n t h e c a s e o f e x p o n e n t i a l c h a r ac -t e r i s t i c f u n c t i o n s .

    i. I n t r o d u c t i o n . W e w i l l r e c a l l c e r t a i n d e f i n i t i o n s f r o m t h e t h e o r y o f i n t e r p o l a t i o no f l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s ( f o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l , s e e [ I] o r [ 2 ]) .

    A t r i p l e o f B a n a c h s p a c e s ( X0 , X I , X) i s s a i d t o b e a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n t r i p l e w i t h r e s -p e c t t o a t r i p l e ( Y 0, Y I , Y ) i f c o n t i n u i t y o f a l i n e a r o p e r a t o r T f r o m X i i n t o Y i i m p l i e sc o n t i n u i t y o f T f r o m X i n t o Y . B y a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n f u n c t o r ( i . f . ) w e m e a n a f u n c t o r F [ i]t h a t m a p s t h ~ c a t e g o r y o f B a n ~ c h p a i r s i n t o t h e c a t e g o r y o f B a n a c h s p a c e s s o t h a t f o r a r b i -

    X ( Y 0, Y z ) , t h e t r i p l e ( X 0, X z , F ( X ) ) i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o nr a r y p a i r s = (X0, X I) an d Y =t r i p l e w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t r i p l e ( Y0 , Yz , F ( ~ ) ) . W e u s e s R t o d e n o t e th e o n e - d i m e n s i o n a ls p a c e R w i t h n o r m I l z I ] , R = s l z l , a n d w e u s e t R t o d e n o t e t h e s p a c e R w i t h n o r m l l x [ I t n = t l x s , t>0) .T h en , f o r a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n f u n c t o r F ,

    F (s R , t R ) = r ( s , t ) R ,w h e r e ~ ( s , t ) - t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f u n c t i o n o f t h e i . f. F - i s n o n n e g a t i v e , h o m o g e n e o u s ,a n d i n c r e a s e s w i t h e a c h a r g u m e nt . A s s r e s u lt , ~ ( s , t ) = t ~ ( + ) , w h e r e w e a l s o s ay t h a t t h ef u n c t i o n c ~( u) = ~ ( u , i ) i s a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f u n c t i o n c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e i . f . ; ~ ( u ) ( u > 0 )i s n o n n e g a t i v e a n d q u a s i c o n c a v e , i . e. , ~ ( u ) i n c r e a s e s w h i l e ~ ( u ) / u d e c r e a se s .

    W e n o w i n t r o d u c e a f u n d a m e n t a l d e f i n i t i o n , W e s a y t h a t an i .f . F i n t e rp o l a t e s b i l i n e a ro p e r a t o r s i f , f o r a n y B a n a c h p a i r X = ( X 0 , X ~ ) , Y = ( Y 0 , Y ~ ), Z : ( Z 0 , Z ~ ) , a n d a n y b i l i n e a rope rato r B: X i x Yi + Zi (i = 0, i) we ha ve B: F(X) x F(~) ~ F(~).

    A n i m p o r t a n t e x a m p l e o f i n t e r p o l a t i o n f u n c t o r s i s t h e f u n c t o r s o f th e r ea l m e t h o d . F o ra B a n a c h p a i r ( X 0, X z ) a n d t > 0 w e d e f i n e t h e P e e t r e ~ - a n d ~ - f u n c t i o n a l s a s f o l l o w s [ 3 ] :

    9 ~ ( t , x ; X o , X ~ ) .... inf { l l x o l l x o - f - t l l x ~ l l x , } ( x ~ X o + X 1) ,rl ~ : x o ~ x t

    x i ~ X t

    Y( t, ~; X . X,)=max{llXH~o, t l l x l l ~ , } ( x ~ X o n X , ) .L e t E b e t h e i d e a l B a n a c h s p a c e ( b . i . s . ) [ 4] o f t w o - s i d e d n u m e r i c a l s e q u e n c e s a = ( a j) _ ~ .We us e( X~ X, )E ~ to den ote the spac e of all x e X 0 + X I for w hi ch IIzil=ll(3~(2, x; X0, X,) IIw e u s e < X0 ~ X ~ ) z t o d e n o t e t h e s p a c e o f a l l x E X 0 + X 1 a d m i t t i n g t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n

    . ( 1 )j = _ - .

    wh er e uj e X 0 n Xz. The n or m in (X0, il~ is defi ne d as infIl(~(2 ~; X ~ Xi))jli~ ove r all rep re-s e n t a t i o n s ( i ). F o r t h e b .i . s , o f s e q u e n c e s G a n d a f u n c t i o n f > 0 , w e u s e G ( f ) t o d e n o t eth e we ig ht ed sp ac e wh os e no rm is gi ve n by iI(a~)ll=ll(a~](2~))l!~ If ~=( max (l, i/t ) c E c ~I(rain(l, i/t)), then the mapp ing ( X o . X , ) ~ - ( X o . X , ) E ( r e a p. ( X0 , X , ) ~ { X ~ , X ~ ) Z ) d e f i n e s a n

    K u i b y s h e v S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . T r a n s l a t e d f r o m M a t e m a t i c h e s k i e Z am e t k i , V o l. 52 , N o. i ,p p . 1 5- 2 4 ~ J ul y , 1 9 9 2 . O r i g i n a l a r t i c l e s u b m i t t e d J a n u a r y 1 8 , 1 9 92 .

    0 0 0 1 - 4 3 4 6 / 9 2 / 5 2 1 2 - 0 6 4 1 5 1 2 . 5 0 1 9 9 3 P l e n u m P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n 6 4 1

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    i . f .; t h e s e t o f t h e m i s c a l l e d t h e r e a l ~ - m e t h o d ( r e sp . ~ - m e t h o d ) o f i n t e r p o l a t i o n . I f, i np a r t i c u l a r , t h e t r i p l e ( ~z , s E ) i s a n i n t e r p o l a t i o n t r i p l e r e l a t i v e t o ( s sE ) , w e s a y t h a t E i s a p a r a m e t e r o f t he r e a l m e t h o d a n d t h e n , f o r a n y p a i r ,( X , ) ~ = ( X ~ , X , ) ~[5, p. 432].

    A n i m p o r t a n t a n d w e l l - k n o w n s p e c i a l c a s e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w e h a v e g i v e n i s t h e s p a c e. T f = X0~v~t_ O < . 0 < i , t < p ~ ~ ) .

    I n [ 6 ], L i o n s a n d P e e t r e ( s e e a l s o [ i, p . i 0 0 ] ) p r o v e d t h e f o l l o w i n g t h e o r e m : I f T i s a b i -l i n e a r o p e r a t o r , T : X i Y i + Z i ( i = 0, i ) , t h e n T : ( X o , X , ) o . p , X ( Y o , Y ~ ) o . ~ . - ~ ( Z o , Z ~ ) o . ~ = , w h e r e0 < O < 1 a n d

    ! t 1- - < . . ~ , . - - - 1 . (2 )P~ Po P lC o n s i d e r t h e e x a m p l e o f ( X 0 , X ~ } = ( Y ~ . Y , ) = ( Z ~ , Z ~ ) = { l , , l , ( t ) ) w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a -t o r f o r s e q u e n c e s x = ( x i ) a n d y = Y ( Y i ) :

    T h e h y p o t h e s i s o f t h e L i o n s - P e e t r e t h e o r e m i s s a t i s f i e d , a n d s i n c e ( /~, /~ (t }~ ,. ~ / ~ ( t ) , w eh a v e S : (Xo , X~)~,p .X(Y~. Y ~ ) e , p . ~ ( Z o , Z ~ ) ~ , p ~ = ~ l v o ~ l ~ c l ~ I ~. I t 1- + ~ - - 1 . A s a r e s u l t , t h i sp2 < T o p ,t h e o r e m i s e x a c t , a n d a m on g t h e f u n c t o r s ( . , ')0 . p ( 0 < 0 < 1 , l ~ p ~ ) , b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s a r ei n t e r p o l a t e d o n l y b y t h e f u n c t o r s ( . , " ) 8 , 1 ( 0 < 0 < 1 ) . (W e s h o u l d n o t e t h a t u n d e r c e r t a i nc o n d i t i o n s o n t h e B a n a c h p a i r s , r e l a t i o n s ( 2 ) c a n b e w e a k e n e d [ 7 ] . )

    I n t h i s p a p e r w e s t u d y i . f . i n t e r p o l a t i n g b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s , w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o ft h e g e n e r a l r e a l m e t h o d . W e s ho w t h a t i n c a s e o f a n e x p o n e n t i a l i . f . r = t 8 , t h e i . f .( ' , " ) 1 - 0 , 1 i s t h e o n l y o n e w i t h t h i s p r o p e r t y . H o w e v e r , w i t h i n " b u n d l e s " o f f u n c t o r s w i t hc e r t a i n o t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f u n c t i o n s , t h e s u p p l y i s c o n s i d e r a b l y r i c h e r .

    We w i l l f i r s t p r o v e a r e s u l t t h a t d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l n a t u r e o f o u r e x a m p l e o ft h e c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r .

    THEOREM 1 . F o r a r b i t r a r y r e a l - m e t h o d p a r a m e t e r s E 0 , E l , a n d E 2 , t h e f o l l o w i n g t w o c o n d i -t i o n s a r e e q u i v a l e n t :i ) t h e c o n v o l u t i o n E 0 * E I c E 2 ;2 ) f o r a r b i t r a r y B a n a c h p a i r s ( X 0 , X I ) , ( Y 0 , Y I ) , a n d ( Z 0 , Z l ) a n d a n y b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r

    T : X i Y i + Z i ( i = 0, i ) , w e h a v eT : (X 0 , X , ) ~ X ( Y 0 , r ~ ) ~ , ~ (Z 0, Z J ~ , ~ .

    P r o o f. I n i t i a l l y , s u p p o s e t h a t 2 ) h o l d s . W e c h o o s e (X o , X , ) = ( Y 0 , Y , ) = ( Z 0 , Z , ) = ( l ~ , l , ( t / t ) )a n d f o r T w e c h o o s e t h e c o n v o l u t i o n S . S i n c e S : X i Y i + Z i , w e o b t a i n I ) f r o m t h e r e l a -t i o n s ( l ~ , l ~ ( l / t ) ) ~ = ( / ~ , l ~ ( l / t ) ) ~ = E ~ [ 5 , p . 4 2 4 ] .

    T h e i d e a f o r t h e p r o o f o f t h e c o n v e r s e i s a c t u a l l y d r a w n f r o m [ 6] . T h u s , l e t T b e ab i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r , T : X i Y i + Z i " W e r e p r e s e n t x ~ ( X 0 , X , ) ~ x a n d y ~ ( Y 0 , Y ~) z~ i n t h ef o r m

    ( w e c a n d o t h i s b e c a u s e E l i s a p a r a m e t e r ) . T h e n , b e c a u s e T i s b i l i n e a r , f o r a l l t > 0 ,

    6 4 2

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    w h e r e M ~ = l ! T I I X , x Y ~ Z i .k e Z , w e o b t a i n

    < ~ = _ ~ . l i 7 ' ( x o , u ~ ) ! i ~ , + t i i r ( x . , , ~ ) ! i ~ , ) 2 , t h e r e e x i s t s a n N = N ( M ) s u c h t h a t f o r n > N ,

    U s i n g t h i s i n e q u a l i t y w i t h n = 2 S N ( s = 0 , i , . . ., p - i ), w e o b t a i n

    9 r~-l N Ne iI~ ~ . . . ~ j = _ 2 p N , - 1 N '

    6 4 3

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    f o r a n y p = i , 2 . . . . .O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , b y h y p o th e s i s ,

    T h u s , f o r p = i , 2 . . . . .

    ~ '3,2pN Z 2pNj ~ < l l e ~ ll = 2 v + , N + I .~ ' ~ ] . - -- - 2 ~ )N j = - - 2 1 N

    i n n31 ~ ' ~< M p L S=_N __ ej ~ 2~>+2N + 1 ,

    w h i c h c o n t r a d i c t s t h e i n e q u a l i t y M > 2 .T H E O R E M 2 . S u p p o s e t h a t G i s a b . i . s , o f s e q u e n c e s , e,~i~;=[ k ~ Z ) , a n d c o n s i d e r t h e

    c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r S : G G + G.T h e n G = sP r o o f . S i n c e G i s a b . i . s , a n d ile~liG=1, w e h a v e s c G . W e t h e r e f o r e p r o c e e d t o

    p r o v i n g t h e r e v e r s e i n c l u s io n .L e t y = ( Y i ) e E , y ~ 0 a n d i s f i n i t e , i . e . , f o r a l l i , I ll ~ N, Y i = 0 . B y L e m m a i ,

    t h e r e e x i s t a C I > 0 a n d a n i n c r e a s i n g s e q u e n c e o f n a t u r a l n u m b e r s { N k } k = l ~ s u c h t h a t f o ra l l k = i , 2 . . . . .

    N~1 2W e c h o o s e k 0 s o t h a t N k 0 > N , a n d w e w r i t e x = e j- - ~ . _ . ~ i = _ 2 N k "Na n d f o r l Jl < N k 0 , w e h a v e z ~ = ~ y i = l l Y H l , . A s a r e s u l t ,

    - - ~ i = - - N

    l l y l l h 2 . ~ i = _ N ~ e j * S i n c e G i s id e a l, i t f o l lo w s f r o m o u r h y p o t h e s i s t h a t

    11 If,, j - - N ~ , e j 0 < II ( x , ) I I C ~ I I l lo } l Io ,w h e r e C2 =[} S [ l o xo ~ o . I n v i e w o f ( 3 ) , t h e r e f o r e , { ly l l , ,~C,C2i ly l{o

    N o w , i f y = Y ( Y i ) e G i s a r b i t r a r y , t h e n f o r t h e " s l i c e " y ~= (y cN ), Y i ~ = [ 0, { i { ~ Ni n v i r t u e o f t h e a b o v e { { yN{ { , ,~ C ,C2 [[y~ [{ o ~ C,C~ { { y[{ ~ , a n d C I a n d C 2 a r e i n d e p e n d e n t o f N a n d y . W ec a n t h e r e f o r e p a s s t o t h e l i m i t a s N + ~ i n t h e i n e q u a l i t y , a n d t h e t h e o r e m i s p r o v e d .

    T H E O R E M 3 . S u p p o s e t h e c . f . o f t h e f u n c t o r ( ' ,' )~ c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h p a r a m e t e r E i st @ ( 0 < @ < 1 ) . T h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e e q u i v a l e n t :

    i) E = s2 ) t h e i . f . { . , - ) ~ i n t e r p o l a t e s b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s .P r o o f. T h e i m p l i c a t i o n 1 ) - - > 2 ) f o l l o w s f r o m T h e o r e m i. W e w i l l p r o v e t h e c o n v e rs e .Si nce the c.f. of (., .)m~ is t e, we ha ve l , ( t e - ' ) c E c l ~ ( t- ' ) [ 1 2 , p p . 4 7 - 4 8 ] . A s a r e s u l t ,

    f o r G = E ( t I - 8 ) w e h a v e l le hl l~ =i k ~ Z ) . I f 2 ) i s s a t i s f i e d , i t f o l l o w s f r o m T h e o r e m 1 t h a tS : E x E ~ E , s o, i n v i e w o f t h e m u l t i p l i c a t i v e n e s s o f e x p o n e n t i a l f u n c t i o n s , S : G x G + G.T h u s , t h e h y p o t h e s i s o f T h e o r e m 2 i s s a t i s f i e d f o r G , s o G = s a n d E = s

    T h e n S ( x , y ) = ( 2 j ) _ ~ , z j _> 0 ,

    S ( x , y ) ~ Z ' = ~ '3 .Nk" zyey =

    * F o r a = ( a i ) , b = ( b i ) , a ~ b m e a n s t h a t a i ~ b i f o r a l l i .

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    3 . G e n e r a l C a s e . N o w , a s s u m e t h a t t h e c . f. o f t h e f u n c t o r ( ., - )z ~ c o n s t r u c t e d w i t hp a r a m e t e r E i s r B y T h e o r e m i , t h i s i .f . i n t e r p o l a t e s b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s o n l y i n t h ec a s e o f a c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r S : E x E + E . I n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e r e e x i s t s a C > 0 s u c ht h a t f o r a l l x = ( x ~ ) ~ G , y = ( y ~ ) ~ G ,

    ~ _ . r z ~ y ~ _ ~ < C l l z l l l l y l l , ( 4 )~ - ~w h e r e G = E ( @ ) , @ ( t ) = t / r a n d C s = ~ ( 2 s ) "

    B e f o r e w e s t a t e c o n d i t i o n s s u f f i c i e n t f o r s a t i s f a c t i o n o f (4 ) , w e n e e d s o m e d e f i n i t i o n s .I f G a n d H a r e b . i . s , o f s e q u e n c e s , w e u s e G [ H] t o d e n o t e t h e s p a c e w i t h m i x e d n o r m , i . e. ,t h e s e t o f a l l m a t r i c e s ( a i, k ) s u c h t h a t

    l i ( a , . ~ ) l l o ~ , , = l l l l a , , ~ ) I 1 ~ ( ,, 1 1 o , ~ , ~ .W e u s e G ' t o d e n o t e t h e b . i . s , d u a l t o t h e b . i . s . G , i . e . , t h e s p a c e o f a l l ( Y i ) f o r w h i c h

    I I (Yi ) J IG ' : ~" s u p ~ ' x ~ y ~ ~ O Q ,l l ( x i) l l G ~ < 1 z _ _ . ~ i _ _ ~ .

    A n d , f i n a l l y , o n t h e p r o d u c t G x H w e d e f i n e t h e o p e r a t o r R : R ( x , y ) = ( x i Y k - i ) i , k , w h e r ex = ( x , ) ~ G , y = ( y ~ ) ~ HT H E O R E M 4. E a c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s i s s u f f i c i e n t f o r s a t i s f a c t i o n o f r e l a t i o n

    (4):i ) R i s c o n t i n u o u s f r o m G x G t o G ( k ) [ s a n d

    A ~ ( q ~ ) = s u p ~ n~ = q ~ < ~ ; ( 5 )

    2 ) R i s c o n t i n u o u s f r o m G x G to G ( k ) [ G ( i ) ] a n d( )

    L = z I [ . ~ ' ~ ( t ~ - i / [ I t ' ( i )P r o o f . I f

    t h e n , f o r a n y k e Z ,I~)It

    i=_Z ~=_g z---~ i=--o , q)ifg~k-i

    f r o m w h i c h i t f o l l o w s t h a t [ I ( . z ~ ) I t ~ A ~ ( e P ) [ I R ( x , y ) l ! ~

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    T H E O R E M 5 . L e t t~

    0 s u c h t h a t f o r a l l s , t > 0 , r < C r 1 6 2

    N o w , c o n s i d e r t h e c a s e 1 < p < ~ .TH__EO_RE_M 6. As su me t hat t he i.f. (...)~,(~,-), l < p < ~ in te rp ol at es bi li ne ar op era tor s, andq (us)f o r a n y u > O , t h e f u n c t i o n ~ ( s ) = ~ { s) i s m o n o t o n i c o n ( 0 , = ) .T h e n r e l a t i o n ( 7 ) i s s a t i s f i e d .Pro of . Le t z=(z,,), z ~ : = ~ ~ . . . . q ; l P ! ~ - i

    t h a t f o r c = ( x , ) ~ l ; , , y = ( y , ) ~ l ~ ,- - r d / ~ _ ~ . B y h y p o t h e s i s ,

    i, ': ~ C l l v '~/]A s s u m e t h a t x ! 0 a n d i s f i n i t e , x i = 0 i f l i] ! N .

    If -N + k < m < N + k, th en ~., . : - - x , ,- - i . . . . . . ~ q ~ t l , , , - ~ i

    t h e r e e x i s t s a C > 0 s u c h

    ( l o )F o r a f i x e d k e Z , w e s e t ! t - - e j , ~ : ,

    ' j ~ : . : ~ ~ '

    A s a r e s u l t ,

    =!~:b.I> ~ Ll v L .w h e r e u = q;~-----L -J ~::_~..

    L e t 1 1 d e n o t e t h e s e t o f a l l i e Z s u c h t h a t t h e f u n c t i o n

    ( l l )

    T h e n

    t~ (s) -- -- - r ( a n d , t h e r e f o r e ,( s )a s w e l l ) i n c r e a s e s , a n d l e t 1 2 d e n o t e t h e s e t o f a l l i f o r w h i c h i t d e c r e a s e s .2~s)( 2 - i s )

    0

    a n d s o

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    In vi ew of (i0) and (ii) it f ol lo ws th at for an y f in it e x = (xi), [[z[[,-----i,

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    m a x - - - " r " ' " ' " [ y ' , ( r < 2 ' ' c ,f r o m w h i c h i t f o l l o w s , b e c a u s e I z U 1 2 = Z , t h a t

    T h e t h e o r e m i s p r o v e d .A s a n o t h e r e x a m p l e , c o n s i d e r a g e n e r a l i z a t i o n o f s - t h e s c a l e o f L o r e n t z s p a c e s

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  • 8/3/2019 S. V. Astashkin- On Interpolation of Bilinear Operators with A Real Method

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    I - - 0 0 1W e c h o o s e 0 : - - + - - = - - . A s w e k n o w [ i, p . 1 2 6 i n R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ], f o r e a c h 0 < ei p q< i , t h e c o m p l e x m e t h o d i n t e r p o l a t e s b i l i n e a r o p e r a t or s . I n a d d i t i o n, [ I p . i , l ~ ] e = l ~ . q ( s e e[ 1 4] , p . 1 4 6 i n R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ] a n d [ i, p . 1 3 4 i n R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ] ) , a n d f o r a n y b . i . s . E iand F i (i = 0, i), w e hav e [~0[F0]. E , [ f l ] ] o = [ E o . E 1 ]o [ [ F o , , ] o] [ 1 5] . A s a r e s u l t , i n t e r p o l a t -i n g ( 1 2) , w e o b t a i n

    R : l p, q X / p , q ~ l p , q ( k ) [ [ / ~ ( i ) , I . ( i ) 1 e l .S i n c e e = p ' / q ' , w e h a v e [ I v , l ~ ] o = l ( ~ - , ~ ' [ I, p . 1 3 9 i n R u s s i a n e d i t i o n ] a n d o u r p r o p o s i t i o ni s p r o v e d .

    O u r p r o p o s i t i o n a n d T h e o r e m 4 i m p lyT H E O R E M 7 . L e t i < p < = , 1 J q J p, a n d a s s u m e t h a t c o n d i t i o n ( 5 ) i s s a t i s f i e d f o r

    t h e f u n c t i o n ~ .Then the i.f. (., ")tp.q(i/~) i n t e r p o l a t e s b i l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s .R e m a r k 3 . W e a s s u m e t h a t t h e n o r m o f a b . i . s, o f s e q u e n c e s E i s o r d e r s e m i c o n t i n u o u s ,

    i.e., O ~ x , ~ x (x ,,, E E ) i m p l i e s t h a t l l x , [ l t l z t l h e c o n t i n u i t y o f R f r o m E x E t o E ( k ) [ si s e q u i v a l e n t t o c o n t i n u i t y o f t h e o p e r a t o r V ( x , y ) = ( x k Y i ) t h a t i s t h e d i s c r e t e a n a l o g o ft h e o p e r a t o r B ( s e e ( 8 ) ) f r o m E E t o E ( Z x Z ). T h i s m a k e s i t p o s s i b l e t o s h o w t h a tH : I p . ~ X l p . ~ v ~ I p . ~ ( k ) [ l ~ ( ~ ) ] T h e a u t h o r d o e s n o t k n o w w h e t h e r t h e o p e r a t o r R i s c o n t i n u o u sf r o m s x s t o s 1 6 3

    L I T E R A T U R E C I T E DI . I . B e r g a n d I . L e f s t r e m , I n t e r p o l a t i o n S p a c es : A n I n t r o d u c t i o n [ R u s s i a n t r a n s l a t i o n ] ,

    M i r , M o s c o w ( 1 9 8 0 ) .2 . S . G . K r e i n , Y u . I . P e t u n i n , a n d E . M . S e m e n o v , I n t e r p o l a t i o n o f L i n e a r O p e r a t o r s [ i n

    R u s s i a n ] , N a u k a , M o s c o w ( 1 9 7 8 ) .3 . J . P e e t r e , " A t h e o r y o f i n t e r p o l a t i o n o f n o r m e d s p a c e s , " N o t e s M a t h . , 3 9, 1 - 8 6 ( 1 9 6 9 ) .4 . L . V . K a n t o r o v i c h a n d G . P . A k i l o v , F u n c t i o n a l A n a l y s i s [ i n R u s s i a n ] , N a u k a , M o s c o w( 1 9 7 7 ) .5 . V . J. O v c h i n n ik o v , " T h e m e t h o d o f o r b i t s i n i n t e r p o l a t i o n t h e o r y , " M a t h . R e p t . , ~ ,

    3 4 9 - 5 1 5 ( 1 9 8 4 ) .6 . J . - L. L i o n s a n d J . P e e t r e, " S u r u n e c l a s s e d ' e s p a c e s d ' i n t e r p o l a t i o n , " I n s t. H a u t e s

    E t u d e s S c i . P u b l . M a t h . , 1 9 , 5 - 6 8 ( 1 9 6 4 ) .7 . S . J a n s o n , " O n i n t e r p o l a t i o n o f m u l t i - l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s , " L e c t . N o t e s M a t h . , 1 3 0 2 , 2 9 0 -

    3 0 2 (1988).8 . R . O ' N e i l , " C o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r s a n d L ( p , q) s p a c e s , " D u k e Ma t h . J . , 3 0 , 1 2 9 - 1 4 2 ( 1 9 6 3 ) .9 . E . A . P a v l o v , " O n c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r s i n s y m m e t r i c s p a c e s , " U s p . M a t . N a u k , 3 1 , No . i ,257-258 ( 1 9 7 6 ) .

    1 0 . E . A . P a v l o v , " O n b o u n d e d n e s s o f c o n v o l u t i o n o p e r a t o r s i n s y m m e t r i c s p a c e s , " I z v . V u z o v .M a t . , N o . 2 , 3 6 - 4 2 ( 1 9 8 2 ) .

    i i~ E . A . P a vl o v , " O n t h e H a u s d o r f f - J u n g i n t e g r a l i n e q u a l i t y i n s p a c e s w i t h m i x e d n o r m s , "U s p . M a t . N a u k , 3 9 , N o. 2 , 1 8 3 - 1 8 4 ( 1 9 8 4 ) .

    1 2. V . I . D m i t r i e v , S . G . K r e i n , a n d V . I. O v c h i n n i k o v , " F o u n d a t i o n s o f t h e t h e o r y o fi n t e r p o l a t i o n o f l i n e a r o p e r a t o r s , " i n: I n t e r m u r a l C o l l e c t i o n o f S c i e n t i f i c P a p e r s[ i n R u s s i a n ] , Y a r o s l a v l ' , I z d. Y a r o s l . U n i v . , 3 1 - 7 4 ( 1 9 7 7 ) .

    1 3. M . M i l m a n , " E m b e d d i n g s o f L o r e n t z - M a r c i n k i e w i c z s p a c e s w i t h m i x e d n o r m s , " An a l . M a t h .,i, 2 1 5 - 2 2 3 (1978).

    1 4. H . T r i v e l , T h e T h e o r y o f I n t e r p o l a t i o n , F u n c t i o n a l S p a c e s , a n d D i f f e r e n t i a l O p e r a t o r s[ R u s s i a n t r a n s l a t i o n] , M i r , M o s c o w ( 1 9 8 0) .

    1 5. A . V . B uk h v a l o v , " T h e c o m p l e x m e t h o d o f i n t e r p o l a t i o n i n s p a c e s o f v e c t o r f u n c t i o n s a n di n g e n e r a l i z e d B e s o v s p a c e s , " D o k l . A k a d . N a u k S S S R , 2 6 0 , N o . 2 , 2 6 5 - 2 6 9 ( 1 9 8 1 ) .