SAE Standards (Society of Automotive Engineers )

Muhammad Asad A. Bajwa Director, EMC Lab

MET Laboratories, Inc.

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410.354.3300

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August 27, 2012

Outline

Introduction to North American Automotive EMC requirements.

Comparison with EU e-mark and E-mark regulations SAE Standards

SAE Standards & Test Methods

EMC Laboratory Recognition Program(s)

Brief Discussion EMC Test requirements

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Introduction

Automotive EMC is quite different

Different Threat Levels

Different impedance of the Vehicle Occupants

EMC Regulations vary from one manufacturer to other.

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Automotive EMC Tests Description

Automotive electronics are exposed to other environmental conditions than consumer or industrial electronics:

Many components are mounted on limited space

Electronics are placed closely to antennas

Impedance of a vehicle supply system

Interferences on the supply system

Components are mounted on a metal chassis

Small devices with long wiring harnesses

EMC test methods have to consider the special characteristics of a car.

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Requirements

Requirements by Law US, exempt per FCC rules

But some states or GOVT organizations may have their own requirements

EU, Automotive Directive, e/E mark.

Requirements by Vehicle Manufacturers See a brief list in following slides

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Requirements for Vehicle and Components

For European Union members:

Directive 72/245/EEC with amendment 2004/104/EC and 2009/19/EC by EU

For International and European:

ECE Regulation No. 10 Rev. 3 (ECER10.04) by United Nation (UN)

Unites States

EMC Laboratory Recognition Programs

Comparison with OEM requirements

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E/e-Mark

To show compliance to Automotive Directive and Regulations in Europe and most of International community.

For whole vehicles and every components intended to be part of vehicle

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International Standards

Issuing Bodies Applicability

Standard Body Vehicle ESA

95/54/EC

EC

Yes Yes

95/56/EC No Yes

97/24/EC Yes Yes

2000/2/EC Yes Yes

2002/24/EC Yes Yes

2003/77/EC Yes Yes

2004/104/EC Yes Yes

ISO 7637

ISO

No Yes

ISO 10605 Yes Yes

ISO 11451 Yes No

ISO 11452 No Yes

CISPR-12 IEC

Yes Yes

CISPR-25 Yes Yes

SAE J551 SAE

Yes No

SAE J1113 No Yes

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ISO Standards

Standard Title Part Vehicle ESA

ISO 7637

Road vehicles -- Electrical disturbances from conduction

and coupling ALL

N Y Definitions and general considerations 1

Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only 2

TBA 3

ISO 7637

Passenger car and light commercial vehicles with nominal 12V

supply voltage electrical transient conduction along supply lines only.

1

N Y Commercial vehicles with nominal 24V supply voltage electrical transient conduction along supply lines only.

2

Vehicles with nominal 12V and 24V supply voltage electrical transient transmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via

lines other than supply lines.

3

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Automotive OEM EMC Standards

BMW

Chrysler

Ford

GM

Lotus

PSA

Renault

MG-Rover

Nissan

Volkswagen

Porsche

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Chrysler

Doc. Ref. Title Rev. Date Vehicle ESA

DC 10613 Vehicles EMC - - Y N

DC 10614 Components EMC - - N Y

DC 10615 Components Electric - - N Y

Doc. Ref. Title Rev. Date Vehicle ESA

EMC-CS-2009.1 Ford Motor Company Electronic Component

EMC Requirements & Test Procedures. 1 2/11/2010 N Y

Ford

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General Motors

Doc. Ref. Title Date Rev Vehicle ESA

GMW3097

General Specification for Electrical/Electronic

Components and Subsystems; Electromagnetic

Compatibility: Requirement Part

4/01/12 8 N Y

GMW3091 GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR VEHICLES,

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 4/01/12 9 N Y

GMW3103

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND

SUBSYSTEMS, ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

GLOBAL EMC COMPONENT/ SUBSYSTEM

VALIDATION ACCEPTANCE PROCESS **USE WITH

GMW CG3044**

4/01/12 7 N Y

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SAE, International

Society of Automotive Engineers

More than 84,000 members

Engineering of mobility systems

Develop technical information on all forms of self-propelled vehicles

Including automobiles, trucks and buses, off-highway equipment, aircraft, aerospace vehicles, marine, rail, and transit systems.

ANSI has delegated the standards-writing activity to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

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SAE J551

Standard Title Part Vehicle ESA

SAE J551

Performance levels and methods of measurement of

electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles, boats (up to 15m)

and machines (50Hz to 18GHz)

1

Y N

Test limits and methods of measurement of radio

disturbance characteristics of vehicles, motorboats and

spark-ignited engine-driven devices

2

Test limits and methods of measurement of radio

disturbance characteristics of vehicles and devices,

broadband and narrowband, 150kHz to 1000MHz

4

Performance levels and methods of measurement of

magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles,

broadband, 9kHz to 30MHz

5

Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- off-vehicle source 11

Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- on-board transmitter

simulation 12

Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- bulk current injection 13

Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- electrostatic discharge

(ESD) 15

Vehicle electromagnetic immunity- power line magnetic

fields 17

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SAE J1113

Standard Title Part Veh. ESA

SAE J1113

Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components

(except aircraft) (50Hz to 18GHz) 1

N Y

Electromagnetic compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components

(except aircraft) conducted immunity, 30Hz to 250kHz- all leads 2

Conducted immunity, 250kHz to 500MHz, direct injection of radio frequency (RF) power 3

Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - bulk current injection (BCI) method 4

Immunity to conducted transients on power leads 11

Electrical interference by conduction and coupling - coupling clamp 12

Immunity to electrostatic discharge 13

Immunity to electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 18GHz, absorber-lined chamber 21

Immunity to radiated magnetic fields 22

Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 200MHz Crawford TEM cell and 10kHz to

5GHZ wideband TEM cell 24

Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields, 10kHz to 500MHz - tri-plate line method 25

Immunity to AC power line electric fields 26

Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields - reverberation method 27

Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of components and

modules for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles 41

Conducted transient emissions 42

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SAE J1455, 2011

Superseding J1455 JAN06

Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice

JOINT SAE/TMC RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT DESIGN (HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS)

This information is applicable to diesel power trucks in Classes 6, 7, and 8.

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SAE Standards for Component Testing

SAE J1113/1 (Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedures and Limits for Components of

Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (Except Aircraft)

(16.6 Hz to 18 GHz))

It covers the following: Voltage transient Immunity AF and RF Immunity Conducted Emissions Radiated emissions

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Recommended Test for EU

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Recommended Test for North America

SAE J1455, very commonly requested Other commonly requested Tests Transient Emissions Conducted Emissions Radiated emissions AF and RF Immunity Transient Immunity

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REE Setup

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Radiated Emissions

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Radiated Emissions

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Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Electrostatic charge stored by the human body and then discharged through an arc into a component may cause operating anomalies.

HandlingDischarging a 150 PF capacitor that has been charged to a potential of 15 kV through a 150 W resistor is adequate to simulate this effect at the terminals or other areas subject to handling (See J1211).

In Vehicle For applicable definition, test methodology and test levels refer to SAE J1113/13.

1) In a vehicle there are static electrifications up to 25 kV!

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Conducted Transients

Conducted Transient Emissions

Also modern vehicles contain quite a lot of inductive and DC motor loads. When switching off such loads this results in transient over-voltages. Transient over-voltages can influence other electronics in the neighborhood and they even can destroy them. Given that, the generation of transient over-voltages has to be reduced to a compatible degree. The keeping of that requirements is tested in a laboratory.

Conducted Transient Immunity

When switching off inductive or DC motor loads this results in transient over-voltages. Such pulses are described e.g.. in ISO 7637 part 1 (pulse 1 to 3). So, automotive electronics should also have a sufficient immunity against such transient pulses. The keeping of that requirements is tested in a laboratory.

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Load Dump

If a high current load (e.g. an empty battery) is

disconnected while the engine is running, the magnetic

energy stored in the generator is released as an

high-energy and low-impedance over-voltage.

This over-voltage is called load dump.

The load dump is potentially destructive for electronic

components. So, automotive electronics should own a

certain immunity to such over-voltages

dt

diLv

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Load Dump

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Questions

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