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V fi flfififi_ flV fi, fl_F H fi. _flfi k H _ fi. fl fi fifl_ fl fi_ fl^ _ Hfi I_ fl. fi fl _HT fi flS , H _ZM_fi A V

_ . fi y WH fi_ U_ w_ fl wfl .

flfl flfi_fi fi S flV 23 fi fi

fiQfl 25, 1969 fi fl fi filifi fl_ . fi fl{fififlZ fl fl . fiWH H , fi _fi Cfl fi fi_ __,_ _ fl fl fi. flfl Q Lfi_ L _ fifi_ QMfl_ fl _ QWERTY_. _fi_ _ 6 S_. r H

V, fl_ fl fi .fiWHfi Hfl

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sd5if}8zgf]+ QWERTY slaff[0:

30fl@fl2007

fi_ _ _. fl _fi_ fi, _ __fi_ fi fi H fi fi_ fi _ fiH Kfi_ _ _. fl_

flfi (Lflfi) 155 fififi fi_ wfl L_ _. _QWERTYfi , fi_ _Zflfi H V I_ h .r Vfi fl fl fl fi fl{_ Vfi fi fi _ fi _.

QMfl_ QWERTY fl .flfl _ QMfl_ fi, fl fi_ fi fi flflfi {{ l

fi. fl_ flH . fi flfl

_ A fl fi fi. H _flflfi fi Ifl _ QMflfi_flflW VL fl fi_ QWERTY fi , _ fi_ fi _ Zflfi _ Ofi fl _ @_ fi. flH @fl fi

fiv_ . flH-- _ L > fifi V hflH fl L flfl _ fl . fi hH fi Zh_ . _ _ fl* fi @ Ifl flfl fi L _fit fl fiQ. >fi flfl fi fi fifl_ . fi flfl fl

fi _ fifl QMflfi Vfi fl fl_ fl . o L H fl Lfi __ fl . -hH L >fi fi QMfl fi @fi-

fi fl u. __, __ fi H_ , _ fi. @fl fi QMfl fi_ _ fl HT_. B, H fl fifi @ .

L > _ fi T fi fifl. fl fi fl fi H fi. _ fifl fl fi . V@fi fl fi H u _ fi, H Cflfi wfl fl fi . fl fi_ H H _ *,

Vfl T fl _

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@fl2007fl31


_ fi. Zflfi Hfi_ fio_ -- fi_ _ _ fi. fl QMflfl fl L > fi

_ _fi V L fl_ flflfi_ H fi Lfi fl fi.fi _ fl fi fl L ,_ _fi Vfi fl fl fl .

_ fi L fi QMflL fl_ _fi V

fi _fi . Lfi h fl_ _fi y fi . flflfi _ fl fi S . _ Hfifl fl . H flfl Lflfl _ flflfi fl . fl fl_ _fi ifi_ fifl o fi fl _fi, fi fi Vfi L fl _ >_ . QMflfi_QWERTY

\_ Lfi fi _ fiw_ . (flfl _ fl fi fl_ T_.) flfl flfl fi fl fi__ _ Cfl flfl fifl .

fl fifl _ yfi_ H fi. y @ , fi _fi fifl fi_ flH fl_ fi. fl fiflZH flZH wfl fi, _ * fi fl _ flT .

fi fi _ flflfi_ . flflfi fi QMflfi QWERTY EZflfi H fi, H fl QMflfi_. fi _ _ Zflfi fl H Kfi yfi Kfi fl

_ L flfifl T@fi _

fi (ASDFG...) fl fl fl . fl home row/ fl , _ Cfl . fi I_fi _ fi, H fi L { fi. _ flfi k fl fi _ Zfl _ fl. , fl_QWERTY _

fi. fl_ fi fl fl _fi _ CH fi. flH fl 7 Zflfi fiMINIMUM O 6 > wfl .

flflfi fi_ QWERTY fl_ fl_ _ _, fi _A . fi H DVORAK H_ _ fi V _. fi_ fi

QWERTY fl _ fl QMfl flfl _ __fi fi fl fi_ fi flfi ofi fifi_ _ fi , __fi _fl

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32fl@fl2007

flfifl V fl Vfi,H H _ flfi fi L .zfi flflfi l fi fi fl fiIfiZ fl fl fi P flfiA , H flflfi_ flfi

Ifi w *. TV _fi T_. _fiH _ fl L. Bfi O H_ fl, O_ Zfl fi fi fl H fl _. _ flfifl Vfiflfi fl _ fl @fl fi L fl fi V-fiS H V fl . ( fi_ flQWERTY fl_ fl_ fi _.) flfi__fi 20 S_. flQfi 250 fl_ H fiT fi 1936 _ fi fi

DVORAK L fl T. fi y QWERTY fl DVORAK _fi y H fl fl fi. flH flfi fl. _ L QWERTY _ fl (I_ _) @ 32 fl , Ffl DVORAK_fi fl 70 fl_ fi--fi fi_ flHQ . H 12 _ Zfl 9 Zflfi V fl fl_

T . _fi A, E, I, O, U _Vflfi I_ Vfi T_. H hH T_fiT, H N H I_ . fl Zfl(V, K, J, X, Q Z) fl fifl_ . fl H fi fi,

fl fi_ Kfi flA_ fl fl_ flfi H {{ flfi fi. (_) fl flfi H L M_. t \fi_ VW . H QWERTYfi DVORAK E fl fi fi

fl_fi_ \. , fiflfi fl ( _fi fi V ) fi _ U fi. flH fl _ flfi_ fl fl . fl fl I_ fi . fi fl

fl . fiW fl _ H fi

QWERTY

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@fl2007fl33


T_, fl_QWERTY _ fi fi_fi _ fi. flfi flfi fiZ fi fl fl _ T \fi. (fi _ H fi_->_ .) VW fl QWERTY fi _ fl Vfl fi , fl_ H fi fl _ fl fi.

QWERTY fi _ _ L L_ ?fi QMfl E_ ? Vfi _ fi y fifi h V_fi . fi K_ fi _ flfl fi_ _.flflfi fifi fi fifiLfifl fl, fi L y H 1714 _ T.

QWERTY

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flfifl T@fi_ _ 32 flfi ,FflDVORAK fi_ _ 1.6flfi .

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fl Hh fl @_. fifi CHfl Hfl, _ 57 fi T_ . fl _@ _ was, are, were, as

fl Ofl_ great, setfi get O 3,000 O QWERTYfl @ fl . fl h H fi fi O 300fl_ fl fi. {b_ _fifl V flIfi 13 Zflfi H fl _56 H fi flA . Ofi Zfl fl flfifi fi .

Hfi fl H_ Z fi fi _ E H fi fi. fl _ fi Ifl fi fl fi H . \ O_ Z _ , F_ fl V_ Z fl _ C . y DVORAK fi_ fi fl V flKfi fl flA fi I _fi fi h _

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7/30/2019 Safari 162

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@fl2007fl35


@ Vwfi_ fi H@fl fiT_ fi. vflflfi fi fi fi fl . fi

H 1808 _ fl fi fi_ fi_ fl_, fl_J_ flH Tfl @fi B fi _.

1874 _ T.fi_ flfi ofi fl_Bfi fl_ fl fi fi Zh_ fi . flfl fi_ w__ fl _ H

Vfl S fifi Lfiflfi_ . fl_Bfi _h@fi , H fi {fifi . fi Zfl fl _ fl fiHfi Mfi H fi . Vfl S Lfifi L fl .

y 1874_ fl_Bfifi _ (fi Lfi _) S 30 fi_ fiT__. _Wfl fi _. fl_ fifi-

. fi E_ _ Y _ fl u Vfi fl _ fl _ fi . @ fi, H fl_fl _ fi_ _. WH Vfl S Vfi_ fiflflH @ fi. _ H fl _ fl fi fl fi. Vfi V C Zfl fi flQfi Zfl _fi fl fl

fl S fi S. B O WH_ fl fi Zfl E,T, O, A, H, N fi fi H , fi fl_ fiE _fl _. Vfi fi V C fi .__ _ fi V A

fi . fiflI flflfi_ _ _ QMflflflfi fi fi_ _.

fi_ fl __ _ Vfl

Sfi_ fl_Bfi ofifi Lfiflfi fl \_ w_ *.fl_Bfifi Sfi Cfl Cfl flfi fifi fi. flfl/TYPEWRITERO fi fifi fl H H R fi_ Vfi fl_fi_ T_, flH O

fl fl_ Zfl . flfl flfi flfi 6Ofi_ QWERTY fl_Bfififi_ L_.

h QWERTY fi S fl CHfi_ fl-fl_ L_ _ fi CH_ _ H _, fl_fi Bfi. flflfi _ V fl_Bfi ofifi_ _, fi_ * fl . 1893_ Lfl

ofi flfl fifi Zh {_T_ Ifl HH QWERTY fiT fl fi fl. _ fi, fl_ _fi

flfi fi Lfifl Vfl S, H

QWERTYfi {fi fl fl

QWERTY{fifi fl _ _fi _fi Zflfi fi_ T_.

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36fl@fl2007

_ h fl fl . fi H QWERTY fi _ .

fl 20 W V fl * fi DVORAK _ V_ 74fi

fl . V_fi 68 . flfi fi Kfi__ r flQfi fl DVORAK flfl fl @, fl_fiH_ _h fl flT . W _ _ fi L fi _. fl_DVORAK fi V V fl fi S fl fi S C. fl T@ fl_ H _ fifi _ flfi @, H fi _ fi. Bfi _ 1975_ QI Q.

flfl W DVORAK fl _T_. flfi fl Ofi fifi 1985_ fl fifi 212 Ofi fiS-fl VM. ( QWERTYfl fi 147 O.) fi fi _ fl B, fl_fi fifi_ I_ _ fi @_ _. fifi_ PC/fi QMfl V 12, 1981 fi fl fl__ QWERTY fl_ _. flH Ifl flfi_ _. flflfi {fi_ fl_Bfi ofi fl QMflfi ZhPC fififlIBM fl . fl_Bfifi H fi_ * fl . fi fl{Sw L > fi .

fi \ _ fi fi_fi fl. ififi fi @fifi y flH/standardfi fi fifi_ Ifl L fl CH S fifl . . .flfi _ fi_ _ ML _

fl fl Y_ fi fl_ T fi. flH fi (C) fi_ fi. fi fifi fi 6 fi H__ fi Hfl _ fi fi

60 fifi 24 fi H, L VL . H fifi_flH fi_ .

V flfi fl Sfi fifl fl Ifl _ @fl o fi . @fi@fi Zh _fifl L{Vflfi fl fl, _ fi Zh_ fl fl_ _ _ ?fi L{Vfl W z M @ufi (Sfi) S fi

flfi Vfl fi. fi L{Vflfifi_ L fi fl * flfiofi Vfi @ @ ufi fl fi fifi C fl .

fifi . fifi h_ , fi_ 3,500 O (h) fi_ fi fl_ fi. (flfi fi I _ 10,000 Ofi_ ifi _ .) _ fifi fl flfi fi ofl_ Zfl flfi fifi/pinyinfifi I_

fl fl fl, fl_ flfl fi fl flfl fi . Lfi @fifi fi T Ifl fi fi o fi flH fl fl_ fl Q_.

Lfi fl fi QM flQWERTY fi _ . fi_ E Pfi_ flfi fifi DVORAK fl _ fl fi.

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@fl2007fl37

Lnufdafz jiff;f

fl flSfi W_ fl_ CH fi, fi_ Lfi, fl{ _ H_. flfi_

__flH Lfl fi fifi fi _ , fl fl fl _ .

fi* _ L Sfi fi V_ Vfi Lfl A_ _fi_ Cb_ w_ Hfi _ fi_ fi.

flL Cb_ w_ fi, H _ Hfi _ fi fl N fi fl .

_ . fi r _fi. fl_ flflfi fl fi flSfi flfl flfl _hfi fi ofi

. flfi _ Vfl\, Vflfi F_ fi fi E fl I_ fl fi fi fi __ C_ . Vfi ofifi fl fi fi w IflH fl fi . fl @ fl fi ( _H_u) _ fl fl fl flSfi fl_ flfi fl fi

fl Lfl fi_ fi fi,H _ _ fi_ flfi flfi fl _ F flS fifi__ _ Vfi_ flH L_. fl fl fl fl kfl h flflfi , H fi fl fl {V fiLfi _

. _fi fl fl fiLVflL flL ofifi fi_ fi ,F_ flfl_ H /mail fi \ \ fi fl . flfikfl- CfiVfi fl fl flL fi-V Lfl L H fifl _ , F_ fi fi UflH V .

Vfl flfi o_ CfiVfi fl_ fl, w {flfi fi Ifl _fi Vfi_ H F Vfl flfi _ fl fl _ _fl V_

MQfl 1, 1928 fi fl Lfl fi _ _fi fl

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FLg8ifz df[,f

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_. (flfi_ _ kfl_fl _ flV fl, fl fi I_ Tflfi .) CfiVfifi fl

fl fl fl B Ifl flfi flfl1839 _ fi 1878 _ > I_ k flT. _flfi Hfi Y fi.fi fl L_

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FLg8ifz df[,f

@fl2007fl39

Lfi ofi E _ V B B & C I fi _ @Vfi AI fl fl fiTfl w fi GIP fi _ _ fi fl

E _ fifi Lfl fi fi_w *. k, K fl fl_ , fl _ fifi . fl B B & C I fi_ @V _ fl _ fifl fl . fi fiKfi_ _ GIP fi _ _ B B & C Ifi _-flfifl@ fi_fiy * Ifl Lflfi

fl H ffi IfiL. _ flfi_ 2,335flfi_ _fl _flfi kfi_ _. _ fi {Lfl fiL@ W_ _ , ofifi

_ S H fi flfi_ S_. B B & C I fi _ flfififlfl Z fl Qfl , _-flfi L@ fi Y. fi H flL fl fifl Lfl fifi fi fifl fl fi Ifl fl flSfi _ fiSfi flHfi fl_ .

_fi flS Vfi B B & C I fi Lfl MQfl 1, 1928 fi fl . _fi_kfl- {fifi fi-Tflfi_ S_ Vfi

Ifl _ L fi, H 1873 _ __ _. (_ L 1930 _ flL_, fi\| .) fi_ fi Qfl _h fi_ fi_, O fifi _ _flfi _ fl fi _ fl . fl-fl Ofl _ fl flfi flHfi_ fl _ fi I_ o fi fl __fi _ LV @ fl QL_ fi fi>fl . TV , H Z flfi _fl fi

fl B B & C I ofi fi_ Vfi fl_ fi fi V flfi _V .

\.H _@fi fifi

Vfi fifi >_ flHflQfi fl .. fi flfi fi fi

V fl fl

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7/30/2019 Safari 162

38/62

FLg8ifz df[,f

@fl2007fl41

Lflfi Lfi Efi H fi fl . fi_ flfi flfififi H H , flFfi flVflLfi B B & C I ofifi_ fl_ flfi . .. flfiflfi fi fl _fi . fi_ flfi

fl _ @ fifl fl,jfl fiMfi , fi ,V, L fi fiflfi_ fi{ \_ fi flfl fifl H fi flQfi ofifi fiflZ Vfi fi_ fi_ flfi_ o fl .fi fl fiS fl_ __ _ _ fi, H flV M _ flfl fl _Vfi_V L{ fi fi_

flfi fl fl fi fl .fi_ flfi fl_ fiL@ L fl ofi ,fl_Lfl fi fi . fi L@ . Bfl L ofi flH fl_ fi flSfi V Q(L) fl . fi_

fl_ QMfi , __W fl fl fl . Bflfi fiflfi

S_ flS Z ww fl_ _ _. fi Z V_h VMfi fl_ fl fi .

_ fi fl Efi _ flQfi flfi CHfl fi_ flfi QL_ , _fi fi. Lfl @fi fl fi fl _

flfi fi fl .k_ fl flE _. Vfl fi , L fi

fi _fi H fl, fi flfi fifl fl fl . fififlH fl _ fi fl fl _ flQueen Anne flfi fl ( fl) fl_ . fifi fl fi_ H fi, _ fi I_ . fl

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Lfl fi V-@ QL, _ fl fl fl_ -_fi H

Lfl fi ... fl-LL fi

\_ ... fl {Hfi 1942_ fl

{H

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FLg8ifz df[,f

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L fi @fl 9, 1928 fi Tk_ fl_ W_ \

fl fl Lfl fiefi

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Q u e s t i o n s & A n s w e r s

@fl2007fl43

Q

>fl CH fl fi fi fl fl fi fi fl ?

T_ , Sfi fi h, fl (), _;

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fiT_ , fi>fl fi S fi. flHh wfi_ . fl

w fi_E _ fi flfl_ fl . _ fl fi _ E _ A_ fi fi fl

Kfi fi , H _ Ifl fi Cfl fi flfi fi . Bfi _ , fl fi_ _ fi .

flfi fi fi w, ,, >fl flfi _ a/submissivec_ H . (fi fi ) fl w wfi H fifi I _ fi. IWflHfi c_fi_ H fl_ (fi >flfl \ V fl ) M _fi. flH fi >fl A Ifl

fl fi A fi Ifl _ fl _ fi fi fl _ fiTk fl .

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fifi fl fi fi Vflfifl fi fl . V fi_flH _ ?

_fi , , ; fl, fi , . fl; fifi

fl, (), _; Sfi, fi fl, , fl

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Vfi V 2003 _ Kfi flT. fi h V fiflL_ L, F_ hfi _ fl fififl _ fi { fi fi B_.

fi I_ flfi flfi fiLfi V_ fl . V2004, flQfi flfi fi flF_ flfifi V fi Q Ifl

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44fl@fl2007

hH fi . fi fl fi fl fi, HV fi fi fl _ fl fi fi Sfi H fi fifl .

fi_ -fi fl fl .fi QMfl_ H flfi . fi Sfi fl fl_ CH fifi

, fl_ Vfl fi @_ .* _ . fi fi Lfi_ A flH w_ fi_ fi , H \_ fi fi fifi_ fl_ fl_ fi. fi

flfi_ fi Q{ Mflfi_ H fi _ , fi _ fi fl fl M. -fi fl fl I _fi. _ H fi {{ fl fi.flfl 250 S fl_ fl fi flfi _ fi, @fl flfi fi _ /vent . fi *fi fl* fl Lfi fl fiflfi flH fi_ flfi L fi Ifl -fifi

w S @ fi . __fl fi E fl fl@fi fl Qflfl fl _. (fithermal runaway .) flH _flfifi fl fi V fi .

k, fifi

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Tfl Zh _ , fi_ L@fl_ Zh fl@fifi o fi fl fi . fi ofiLG fi fi fi _A_ -fi fl _ fi FflVfi V fl T Ifl H fi flfl -- fi fiA_. fi_ I_ _ fi fl _, V fi_ _ fl

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@fl2007fl45

Lfi fiVfi

_ fl @ fi. k, ifi_ {fi_ S \_ fi _ , H 18flfi u fi __ fl fi_ fifi H 75 _ H * _.

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TVfl fifi fifi H ? h _3D Vw ?

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ifi fi @fifi Zh CH flfi , _ _ fi _ fl fi

_ T fi. _h fifi _fl fl fifi flfi VflVfiifi _ TVfl 1939 _ K_ fi 70 T_ fi flQfi 1,50,00,000 TVfl _ . fi _ flQfi fifi -fl_ H flfl flfi. B fi Vw _ __ W, _ -fi, V fi, Vfl fl flfifi fi fl H A fi Q.

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_fi \ L . >__, _ \_Ufi { . fi_ {u @ fi Lfl, _ fi fi_ h\_ flH/third dimension H _ . Ufi_flfi A . fi_ _ fl fi._ h U {fifl L . fl_ H L , _fi fl fl L fl fl { (flfi ) fi Lfi TVflfi

fl _ E fl Ifl fi fl T@fi _ 3D U \. Hfi_fl flflflfifi, fi bfi,fi _hfi fi (ZHI) 3D TVflfi fl flfi L _ U H I_ fi. _ .

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_

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46fl@fl2007

LVfi L _ __, VflHfi \ flfl .

_ _fi fiZ .H _fi _ _ E .

_ h\_

fl_fi fi VI _fi_ H _fifi _fi _ fi, H fi_ @_ fl fi . _ u fi, flH _ fifi

+fi V_ _ . _ VflHQ_, _fl K_ . Ifi fi fl I . flH fla_fi LfiKfi_ _ { _ .

ffi fl _ _fi .__ _fl fi_ parsec/ , flH I_fi_ _ _fl flfi H o fi. _ 1 = 3.26

_ H . ( = 3.26 10,00,000 = 32,60,000 .)

_fi fi MJ 1 fi _ Vfl _ L 558 flfi fl , H _ 10 fi 5,580 flfi

fl. Hflfi (1) _fi fi Z

fl fi. (2) +w __ MJ 537 fl_ fi _ fi _ H U , U _fi

P fl fi . Zfl _@_ fi fl, _fi @_ H H fi--fi S H fi.

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@fi Vfi flH. fi fi \.

MJfi fiZ fi fi _T . fi. MJ fiZH fl . _ fi_ Vfi MJfi_ _ fl . MJfi Tkfi

A

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@fl2007fl47

_flZ_ fi MJfi_ Tk fi. fi 23.50

fi H fl MJ 23.50 fiL fi .(_ MJfi{ T fi, _ h _fi fl .) fiHZfi S fi _Tk fl fl/ecliptic . MJfi

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48fl@fl2007

Q. fl fi Vfi _ fi C fl ?

fi fl, fifi fl fi h, Szfifl

A. _ VC . fi h flfi , fi 7fi fl C fl . fl_ I flfl flfl 373 , fl_ 8fl_ fi.

Q.H_ fl b fl fifi fi fl fl_ ?

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A. fl LCH fl b740 S fl_ fi fi. Ifi L1000 S , _ H b-

@ fl _ _ fi.

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Q. F_ fl fi fl_h . Ffi_fi fl .fl H_fl B

fi. fl>fi H

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@fl2007fl49

Q. Q fi fi V-flfi fi ?

fl . fi . , fl,

A. fi @fl Hfl fi flfi

A fi fl . Vfl z fl_fifi _ Vfl j fi, H fi fi. _ fi L-fi fifl Qfi fi _ .

Q. fl_ flfi , CH_

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50fl@fl2007

fl{flfi . fl{flfi_ L 82.37 fl_ , H fi fl 82.5 fl_fifl . fi V flflL Lfi _-fi fl 900 fl_

fl fl _ . flfl IST fi IST fl_ 30 fi fl, k fl fl , fl C.

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S fl fl_ Chinook/fi fl fifi , fi fl foehn/fi . Lfi E fi fl fi. flfl, fi flfi fl _ fi fiflfi SM _ e_ . (fi _fl fi fl Lfi fi_ fi , FflKfi fi _ fifi .)fifi fl flfi fi

Hfi fifl , flfi fi fl _ fl fi . flfi T fi fi fl

fl _ fi fl fi fi _fifi_ Qfl fl . L fl fl 100 flfifi fi_ fi 10 S , 2,700fl = 270 S H . Lfl 22,1943fi fl flfi flF_ Vfl- _ L_. @ fi_ 270 S fl fi fi A fi Hfi_ _ fi fl fiA_.

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fifi fifl H fi ?

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H _ . fi H fl_ ___, U _ fi fl u fi_ fi _.

1860 _ fi @ fl Ifl fl fl flflfi_ fl _. (V L ofifi_

l_

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fl fi fi @ ?flH_ fl fi l _ E fl _ fi

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fi 70 -fi fl . (ofi J fi _ 95 .) fi fl-flV _ fl flfi_ _fl E H fl .H_ _fi_ _fl fl _ fl H _ fi.

_fi fi ffi fi flfi ZH fi flL flfi ofl_ fi. 3 fl fl fi_ _ , Ffl fi_ fi fi 10

flfi . fi fl_ I_ Tfl fi_ @ fi fi. flfi flrfl(fiW) fi l _fi Lfifl E _ fi_ A flH I_ flHfi fi fl . kfl Palk Strait/fi fi fi

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flW fi t L . @ fi _ fi. flHfi flHfi

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7/30/2019 Safari 162

50/62

@fl2007fl51

flfifi@? (fi_fi _fi S flfi_)

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fi t Lfl flfi Mfi _ T. fiL fifi Lfifl Mfi _

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flfi J W fi fl_ @_ fi @ flfl fi fi.

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flfi fifl fi fiflfi H fl fl fifl fl , fl_ fiflfi _ fi fi Kfi_ _ fi fifi fl S.

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