safe system of work plan (sswp) - health and … statement/emergency plans due to the hazardous...

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORKPLAN (SSWP)

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORKPLAN (SSWP)

DEMOLITION PICTOGRAMSDEMOLITION PICTOGRAMS

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK PLAN(SSWP)

PICTOGRAMS

DEMOLITION

Start Up and Ongoing Site & Planning Requirements

SUPERVISIONSupervision, generally by the person in chargee.g. the foreman, is essential to ensure theactivity is completed as planned, and to a safesystem of work.

SAFE PASSAs identified in the Construction Regulations, allpersons engaged in construction work must be inpossession of a current Safe Pass card, havingsuccessfully completed the one day safe passtraining. Safe Pass cards must be renewed asappropriate.

PLANT/EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATIONIt is a legal requirement that most constructionand demolition plant is tested and examined on aregular basis, in particular all lifting appliancesand lifting gear. The Certificates relating to thesemust be kept up to date.

CSCSThe Construction Skills Certification Scheme, asprescribed in the Construction Regulations identifiescertain skills on construction sites that requiremandatory training. On successful completion ofthis training, persons are given a CSCS card. CSCScards must be renewed as appropriate.

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK PLAN – PICTOGRAMS

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INDUCTIONEvery new contractor or new employee on a siteshould undergo an induction when they firstarrive on site. This induction should inform theattendees about site rules and procedures, andthe arrangements for their safety and welfare onsite, and also who the key duty holders are.

COMMUNICATIONTimely and good communication is essential atall times. Clear communication helps to ensurethat tasks are understood and completed in asafe manner.

WC & WASHINGToilets and a hand washing facility must beprovided on all sites. The facility must include asufficient supply of hot and cold or warm runningwater, toilet tissue, soap, and towels. The facilitymust be conveniently accessible and must bemaintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

CANTEENA facility must be provided for workers to takebreaks. Minimum requirements include facility forboiling water, tables with impermeable surfaces,and chairs with backs. It must be properlyventilated, have adequate light, kept in a clean,hygienic condition and shall not be used for thestorage of building materials or plant.

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DRYING/CHANGINGArrangements, separate from the canteen facilitymust be in place to allow workers to change anddry clothes.

DRINKING WATERAn adequate supply of wholesome drinking watermust be provided at a convenient point(s).

SMOKING CONTROLSmoking is prohibited in enclosed work places.

STRUCTURAL SURVEYThis is a critical step in the planning for safedemolition. It involves the identification of thoseparts of the structure that carry loads in additionto their own weight.This information is vital fordeveloping a safe system of work and in particularthe prevention of unplanned collapse.

ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 1 Is a very basic survey where asbestos-containingmaterials may be located and identified. When amaterial cannot be confirmed as asbestos-free, itis presumed to be an asbestos-containing material.It may be called a location and assessment surveyor presumptive survey.


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ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 2 This is a more detailed survey and involves thetaking of representative samples from the structurefor laboratory analysis so that the location andquantity of the most readily accessible asbestoscontaining materials can be determined.

ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 3 Where there exists the possibility that asbestos-containing materials may be present in a buildingdue for demolition or major refurbishment thena Type 3 survey must be performed. In line withcurrent best practice it is a requirement that allasbestos containing materials be removed from abuilding or structure, as far as reasonablypracticable, before such works commence. Type 3is the most detailed and thorough of all surveys.This type of survey is used to locate, describe andquantify, so far as is reasonably practicable, allasbestos-containing materials in the building andwill usually involve destructive inspection as isnecessary so that all areas may be accessed, eventhose that may be difficult to reach. A full samplingprogramme must also be carried out so that allpossible asbestos-containing materials in thebuilding are identified, located and quantified.This information is necessary so that theappropriate removal techniques may be selectedand implemented.

Each of the above three survey types must be carried out inaccordance with a recognised standard usually MDHS 100.

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ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENTDemolition including decommissioning work cantake many forms, including cleaning contaminatedland, removal of oil tanks etc which could resultin the discharges of untreated material. ThisEnvironmental Risk Assessment should identify theliklihood of such harmful emissions or dischargesoccurring, so that adequate and suitable controlsmay be identified and implemented to eliminatethe risks associated.

METHOD STATEMENT/EMERGENCY PLANSDue to the hazardous nature of demolition work,detailed method statements/ procedures which setout the step-by-step description of the safe systemof work must be developed so that such high riskactivities are suitably planned, organized andcontrolled. These procedures must be in writingand be clearly communicated to all workersinvolved in a language that is clearly understood byall. The method statement should include at leastthe following: a) the schedule of responsibilities; b) details of selected work methods; c) details ofdemolition equipment to be used; d) details ofancillary equipment; e) the name of appointedduty holders; and f) a complete plan setting outthe sequence of the operation (from sitepreparation, arrival of the equipment on site, anynecessary erection, positioning of the equipment,lifting and placing of the load(s), and dismantlingof equipment, to moving off site). The plan musttake account of the Safety File and all structuraland related surveys and drawings etc. Emergencyplans/procedures must also be detailed in writing,so that measures are put in place prior to workcommencing such that in the event of any


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incident occurring workers and persons in thevicinity are not at risk of injury, these measuresmust also deal with rescue. When developing theemergency plans liaison with the local emergencyservices may be necessary.

FIRE/GAS/VAPOUR CONTROLSConsider the risk of fire and explosion, plans mustinclude the details of all steps to prevent dangersfrom the risk of fire or explosion through anybuild up of gas or vapour. Consideration shouldbe given to the provision of alternative means ofescape and the use of temporary fire detectionand alarm systems during demolition. Bar heatersshould not be used on site, and use of all nakedflames must be tightly controlled.

FLOOD CONTROLBefore demolition commences it will be necessaryto take all appropriate steps to prevent dangersto workers from the risk of flooding through anybuild up of water.

LIAISONDemolition by its nature and often by itslocation, has potential to impact not just theworkers involved but also the surrounding area,including members of public and their property.The emergency services, utility companies andlocal community groups may need to be fullyinformed about how the works may effectthem. Liaise directly with involved groups andongoing newsletters and bulletins should beprovided as necessary.

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VIBRATION/NOISE ASSESSWhere vibration and noise are likely emmissionsfrom the demolition activities, these must beclosely monitored to ensure that they do not posea health or safety risk to persons or damage toproperty in the vicinity of the works. Mechanicaldemolition can produce vibration which may betransmitted to adjoining premises causing structuraldamage. In such cases the two properties may needto be separated by hand demolition.

WASTE MANAGEMENTDemolished materials must be segregated,harmful wastes must be separated from othermaterials and disposed of in the appropriate safeway in some cases prior agreement with the LocalAuthority may be necessary e.g. clinical wastesetc. Many materials are recyclable, and everyattempt must be made to recycle suchmaterialse.g. fireplaces, light bulbs, timbersections, metal, slates, tiles, stone and marble etc.

SELECT METHODThere are many demolition techniques available.The precise method of works can only be decidedafter completion of risk assessments, takingaccount of the nature of the structure, thelocation in respect of other premises, and thelocal environment. The choice of technique mustbe based on minimizing the risks to the Health &Safety of the workers and those in the vicinity ofthe work.


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HANDProgressively demolished structures can bedemolished by operatives using hand held tools,though the use of mechanical assistance may alsobe required. There may be elements of handdemolition in many demolition projects. Duringhand demolition special care must be taken toensure that teams (gangs) working at height donot drop debris into working or access routesbelow.Where practical the removal of steel framesshould be done in reverse order of their erection.

GENERAL MACHINEIn preference to hand demolition, machineswhich are operated from protected cabs shouldbe used to demolish structures and elements ofstructures. All machines used must be maintainedin good working condition and be appropriatefor the task having regard to the environmentand its location. Where machines are used thesupporting surfaces must be strong enough tosupport such machines and any associated loads.It is also common practice to demolish lowbuildings or the remains of higher buildings usingan excavator (with protected cab) fitted with abucket rather than a demolition attachment.As arule the height of the structure to be demolishedshould not be greater than the reach of themachine at that height.

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REMOTE CONTROLIs the operation of machines remotely, e.g. using“umbilical” cable control or robotic devices.Anymachine used must be maintained in goodworking condition and be appropriate for thetask having regard to the environment and itslocation. Where machines are used the supportingsurfaces must be strong enough to support suchmachines and any associated loads.

CRANESCranes of various types are often used indemolition. The use of high reach cranes fordemolishing high rise structures should beconsidered for the removal of structural elementsby skip as against dropping materials. Such cranesshould not be used for balling or pullingoperations, as they are only designed for thelifting of freely suspended loads.

LONG REACHHigh and ultra high reach machines fitted withsuitable booms and arms used with concretepulverizers and combination attachments shouldbe considered for the demolition of high risebuildings. When using such machines the correctposition relative to the work face must bemaintained and that the angle of the boom is inaccordance with the manufacturer’srecommendations to ensure safe operation andstability of the machine.


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DEM. POLE/PUSHER ARMInvolves the use of a machine fitted with apusher arm exerting a horizon thrust. Used inprogressive demolition, where the height of thestructure is reduced by pushing over smallsections. The point of contact of the arm with thewall must be at an appropriate distance belowthe top of the wall. Prior to use the assembledmachine must be inspected by a competentperson, to ensure that the attachment is secureand that all connections are fitted correctly andfree from defects.

IMPACT HAMMERDemolition by impact hammer involves theprogressive demolition of concrete structures byapplying heavy blows either hydraulically orpneumatically to a point in contact with thematerial.When using this method regularinspections must be carried out to ensure thatthere is no unplanned deterioration in stabilityin the surrounding areas due to vibration fromits operation. Prior to use the assembledmachine must be inspected by a competentperson, to ensure that the attachment is secureand that all connections are fitted correctly andfree from defects.

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SHEARS/PULVERISERSCold cutting of metal and reinforced concretesections can be achieved by cutting and severingmaterial using hydraulically operated shear jaws.Hydraulic shears should be considered for cuttingin situ, or processing materials at ground level.Mechanical demolition by a machine mountedpulveriser is the progressive demolition ofreinforced concrete structures by crushing thematerial with a powerful jaw action. Shears andpulverizers are particular useful for crushingbeams, columns, floor slabs and panels. Prior touse the assembled machine must be inspected bya competent person, to ensure that theattachment is secure and that all connections arefitted correctly and free from defects.

GRAPPLEA grapple is designed for use in both demolitionand handling applications. The jaws interlock toenable partial loads to be safely secured. Prior touse the assembled machine must be inspected bya competent person, to ensure that theattachment is secure and that all connections arefitted correctly and free from defects.

WRECKING BALLThis method breaks down the building or structureby swinging a weight, usually in the shape of aball, from a crawler crane, which should be fittedwith a lattice jib. This weight is then released toimpact the structure, repeatedly, in the same ordifferent locations. Care must be taken so that theball is not trapped, as a trapped ball can cause


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overloading of the crane when trying to release itby dragging or lifting. Prior to use the assembledmachine must be inspected by a competentperson, to ensure that the attachment is secureand that all connections are fitted correctly andfree from defects.

ROPE DEMOLITIONInvolves attaching wire ropes (steel wire) to astructure, and pulling the pre weakened structureto the ground by winch or tracked plant. A detailedrisk assessment must be undertaken prior to ropedemolition. Wire rope pulling should not be usedon brick or masonry structures. The ropes usedmust be of a length, size and strength adequatefor the purpose. Damaged ropes should not beused.The pulling machine operator must beprotected against rope breakage or flying debris.

DRILLING/SAWINGThese techniques are used to weaken or removeparts of structures, especially where work is inconfined spaces, and in locations where accuracyis important, or where noise, dust, smoke andvibration from other methods are unacceptable.While these methods are called “cold cutting”methods, heat can be generated and this must betaken into account.The selection of the actualdrilling and sawing method to be used must bebased on risk assessment, taking particularaccount of the task, the environment and spaceavailable etc.

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CHEMICAL AGENTSThe use of combustible gases in demolition is ahighly specialized activity, and should only beundertaken by or under the supervision ofappropriately trained personnel.

EXPLOSIVESThe use of explosives for controlled demolition isa task requiring competent trained and authorisedpersons for the planning and implementation anduse of explosives on site. The blasting operationshould be under the control of a trained ExplosivesSupervisor. There are Standards availablegoverning the use of explosives in demolition, andthese must be used together with any relevantCode of Practice and National Legislation. Onlyexplosive supervisors who can demonstrate thatthey have the necessary qualifications, trainingand experience in accordance with the aboveshould be employed on explosive demolition work.The demolition of chimneys and cooling towersby explosives is an accepted practice in industry.Careful blast design is essential, and should takeinto account structural pre weakening, blastprotection, test blast analysis, and thedetermination of exclusion zone etc. Before anywork starts a detailed method statement basedon the blast design and associated risks should beprepared. A contingency plan should also beestablished and included in the methodstatement. Before works commences theappropriate bodies/ people likely to be affectedby the demolition work should be notified.


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BURSTINGThe bursting agent (e.g. expansion gas, expandingchemicals, hydraulic pistons or wedges) is insertedinto a prepared cavity in the structure to bedemolished. Upon being energised the increasein the resulting pressure causes fractures thatpropagates through crevices leading to structurerupture. Bursting techniques can be used fordemolition of concrete or rock, especially wherereduction of noise, dust and vibration need to betaken into account.

HOT CUTTINGSuch techniques generally use oxy-fuel gases anddisc grinders. Hot cutting should only be usedwhere the work systems chosen avoids the risk offire or explosion. Flame cutting techniques shouldcommence only after the structure to be cut andthe surrounding area have been made safe fromthe risk of fire or explosion.Permit to worksystems for hot cutting work should be used. Thework methods selected must be planned suchthat adequate precautions are in place to takeaccount of fume hazards caused by flame cutting.Careful selection of appropriate PPE is alsorequired along with good maintenance of cuttingequipment and the use of safe procedures for thehandling and storage of gas cylinders etc.

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THERMIC LANCINGIs the best known device to produce a hightemperature flame with the chemical characteristicsto melt concrete. Pressurised oxygen is passeddown the tube to the open end, and is heated tostart the process. Once heated the tube and wireare consumed in the oxygen, producing atemperature of approximately 2,200C. During usemolten material and thick smoke is generated,therefore suitable precautions should be taken,particularly where there is limited ventilation.

PROPPING PLANPropping is any temporary structure used tosupport a permanent structure while it is not self-supporting. Propping is required during thedemolition stages of a project to give temporarysupport to prevent collapse due to overloading ofstructural components during deconstruction. Theresponsible contractor must ensure that thecorrect proprietary props are installed correctlyand that the units are supported as indicated onthe approved construction drawings in line withthe manufacturers recommendations. Any failureof propping could result in the collapse of thepermanent structure, which could result in injuryor death. Normally a temporary works co-ordinatoris appointed to ensure that correct proppingprocedures are followed and that operations arecarried out safely.


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SERVICES (including electricity, gas and sewage etc.)Prior to carrying out any demolition work, it willbe necessary to ensure that existing services suchas gas, electricity, water, and sewers etc, aresecured, such that their presence does not pose arisk to workers or persons in the vicinity due tothe works being undertaken. If such services arepresence adequate measures must beimplemented to protect workers.

SERVICE SUPPLIER e.g. ESB, Bord Gais, Local Authority etc.Where demolition or decommissioning workactivity is to begin, and services are unknown therelevant utility company must be contacted fordrawings and advice on the position ofunderground and overhead services.

DIVERT/OFFBefore work is to commence adjacent to overhead,underground cables, gas services or otherunderground services the relevant utility companymust be contacted to request that the service isdiverted away from the work zone, or if necessarycan be temporarily switched off/ stopped to allowwork to proceed safely. Where electrical powerremains live, and subsequent work is requiredincluding live work, isolation and tagging offsystems, including permit to work systems shouldbe used. All electrical work must be closelysupervised by fully trained and competentelectricians. The Electricity Regulations, and theETCI rules must be fully complied with.

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SURVEY MAPBefore work is to commence, a drawing of theunderground services should be procured and thestructure must be suitably surveyed and subsequentlymarked out to identify the position of suchservices. For refurbishment and all demolitionworks the Safety File must be referred to.

DETECTORBefore digging, drilling or cutting is to commence,the area should be scanned with a suitabledetector to verify the position of any services,and any variances identified should be marked onthe drawing.

HAND DIGMechanical cutting or digging at or immediatelyclose to underground services is generally notpermitted except in very limited circumstancesand only under strict supervision. Such servicesare normally uncovered or made visible bycontrolled hand digging to minimize thepotential of cutting or puncturing the service.However care should be taken during handdigging, as this can also result in cutting services,and exposing live conductors. Normally onlywhen all the lines are clearly visible shouldmechanical digging commence. Considerationmay also be given to having a representative ofthe relevant utility company present whenworking close to underground services.


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NO FLAMESGas is highly flammable, flame or any sources ofignition (sparks, static electricity, etc) must not beallowed to come in contact with, or be in thevicinity of live gas.

WARNING SIGNSGas explosions, and contact with power lines cankill. People working close to, or accessing closeto, or at live gas mains/ power lines must bemade aware of their existence, to allow them toapply the necessary controls. Suitable andsufficient Warning Signs should be erected toadvise persons of the danger.

BARRIERSWhere services have been uncovered/ madevisible, and remain visible or are insufficientlybackfilled, suitable barriers should be erected at asufficient distance around the service area toprotect and warn persons, or the drivers of plantfrom the associated danger.

OVERHEAD LINESThe operation and movement of plant andequipment close to overhead lines can bedangerous. Warning goal posts should be erecteda safe distance either side of the lines, and anysuch plant required to pass must ensure that theyonly access under the lines via the goal posts. Theexposed lengths of the overhead lines must beguarded from unapproved access. Refer to theESB Guidelines for further information.

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TIPPINGTipping vehicles and high reach machines mustpay particular attention to the position ofoverhead lines, and always remain at a sufficientsafe distance from such overhead lines. Theerection of warning goal posts should be used fortraversing plant.

HEALTHDemolition work in many cases may involve thestripping of hazardous materials e.g. asbestos.Demolition and decommissioning works may alsoexpose workers to harmful substances and gasesthat can cause harm by inhalation or by contactwith the skin e.g. wiels disease, hepatitis. Prior towork commencing it will be necessary to surveythe works to assess whether such health hazardsexist. Where health hazards are identified,adequate controls must be put in place toprotect workers and others in the vicinity,including use of appropriate PPE, meticulousplanning, surveys, permit to work systems,ventilation and extraction etc.

RISK ASSESSMENTEach activity on site needs to be risk assessed toidentify whether there is any health hazards e.g.working with sewage, removal of asbestos,cleaning or removing contaminated land. If thereis an identified health risk then appropriatecontrols must be put in place to eliminate suchrisk. If the hazard cannot be eliminated then therisk must be reduced to as low as possible.


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REMOVAL METHODSThe method of removal of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials depends on the type ofmaterial being removed and the risk associatedwith the asbestos-containing materials. Thisinformation must be based on an adequate surveyconducted by a competent person in accordancewith a recognised standard (such as MDHS 100). Itis essential that depending on the nature of thematerials present, adequate precautions aretaken to ensure that personnel are not exposedto asbestos dust during such activities. Thegeneral precautions to minimise exposure andcontrol the spread of asbestos fibres are:- Where reasonably practicable remove all

asbestos-containing materials from thebuilding prior to demolition.

- Where possible remove the asbestos-containingmaterials intact.

- Keep the material dampened when workingon it.

- Do not use power tools as they generate dust,which could contain asbestos fibres.

- Remove waste and debris from the site assoon as possible to minimise the risk of itbeing crushed or broken.

SYRINGESDisgarded and used syringes are a feature ofmany derelict buildings and sites, needle stickinjuries from such syringes can result in verydamaging health conditions. All syringes must becollected only by trained persons with theappropriate PPE, and be disgarded in clinicalwaste needle bins for safe and approved disposal.

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BIOLOGICAL AGENTSExposure to microorganisms such as bacteria,viruses, parasites and fungi may cause aninfection, allergy, poisoning or toxic effect. If it issuspected that there maybe biological agentspresent then a controlled through examinationof the area must be carried out to detect ifBiological Agents are present and to identifythese agents. It will be necessary to seek medicaladvice, and to vaccinate those likely to beexposed e.g. with Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, andtetanus vaccinations.

PERMIT TO WORKTo ensure appropriate controls are rigidly adheredto when carrying out high-risk work, e.g. workingwith biological agent and other health hazards, apermit to work system should be used. Thissystem ensures that works only begin when allthe safety and environmental controls are inplace, and signed off.

MONITORINGAir monitoring is conducted by a competentperson using specialised equipment, the needshould be determined as part of the assessmentof the work. It may be required for one or moreof the following reasons, a) to confirm thatairborne concentrations of asbestos fibres are aslow as reasonably practicable and that the correctchoice of Respiratory Protective Equipment hasbeen made, b) to confirm that there has been nomeasurable spread of airborne fibres to areasadjacent to where work with asbestos cement hastaken place; or c) to confirm that the work areahas been adequately cleaned, so that a Clearance


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Certificate can be issued before being returned tonormal use. Other monitoring due to thepresence of other air borne exposures may alsobe required depending on hazard identificationand an assessment of the associated risks e.g.dust, biological agents and chemicals etc.

DECONTAMINATION UNITA decontamination unit or ‘hygiene facility’ is amobile, purpose-built facility which is provided to enable people removing asbestos insulation,asbestos coating and asbestos insulating board to change from normal outdoor clothing intoprotective clothing and respiratory protectiveequipment (RPE) before entering the asbestoscontaminated work area, and to effectivelydecontaminate themselves when leaving thework area. The ‘decon unit’ is only used for thedecontamination of workers who are involved inthe removal of asbestos or asbestos-containingmaterials and is the first piece of equipment toarrive on site before the work commences and itis the last to leave the site once the asbestos orasbestos-containing materials have been removed.

VENTILATION/EXTRACTION When specialist contractors are removing certainasbestos-containing materials where the riskassessment has determined that there is a highrisk of asbestos fibres being released, a structureknown as an enclosure is built to contain theasbestos fibres while the specialist operativesremoves the material in a safe manner. Negativepressure units are installed within the enclosureto ensure that all air flows into the enclosure andthat air which could be contaminated withasbestos fibres cannot get out of the enclosure.

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DUST SUPPRESSIONTools and equipment, which generate dust orfume clouds should be fitted with appropriateextraction and/or wetting aids.

WASTE REMOVALPrior to the removal of any asbestos-containingmaterials, a suitable facility for waste disposalmust be identified. Asbestos waste is a hazardouswaste, which must be disposed of properly. InIreland, asbestos cement waste can only be disposedof at a waste facility licensed by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency. Asbestos cement waste canalso be accepted at a hazardous waste transferstation licensed by the Environmental ProtectionAgency. Hazardous waste transfer stations acceptasbestos waste and then arrange to have thewaste disposed at an appropriate facility either inIreland or abroad. Asbestos cement waste mustonly be surrendered to local authority wastecollectors or to a waste collection permit holderauthorised under the relevant Waste Management(Collection Permit) Regulations, to collect thistype of waste. All asbestos waste containingmaterials must be double bagged using highguage polyethylene and be clearly labelled asasbestos waste. For further information on the wastelegislation and disposal of asbestos-containingmaterials, the Environmental Protection Agencycan be contacted.


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WORKING CLOSE TO THE PUBLIC

FENCINGDemolition activity should not present an unduerisk to members of the public, especially tochildren. Suitably constructed fencing must beused to secure sites.

HOARDINGParticularly on street side works, adequatelydesigned and constructed hoarding should beerected to secure demolition work. Arrangementsmust be put in place to ensure that normalpedestrian, and public vehicular traffic is not putat undue risk, as a result of any changes made.

BARRIERSAll ongoing works, in particular street relatedactivities, open excavations, exposed manholesetc, must be adequately protected with suitablebarriers, and identified with appropriatewarning signs.

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PEDESTRIAN WAYWhere members of the public have to access closeto, or around construction and demolition work,suitable and safe routes must be provided toensure that the safety of the members of public isnot put at risk from the work activity, considerationmust also be given to persons with disabilities. Anydemolition debris must be kept clear from suchpublic areas including removal of muck, dust, triphazards, protruding puncture objects and fallingobject etc. Also, where reinstatement is required itmust be completed without delay.

LIGHTINGAdequate lighting should be provided on allaccess routes into or out of demolition sites, andespecially in related pedestrian ways, to enablemembers of the public to avoid slipping, tripping,or being hit by projecting objects or vehicles.

WARNING SIGNSPersons must be given advance warning whenapproaching demolition work, and in particularwhere specific hazards may exist. SuitableWarning Signs must be erected to give suchadequate warning, and where necessary mustgive clear unambiguous directions to passingmembers of the public.

SECURITYOnly Authorised persons are to be allowed ontodemolition sites. The use of trained SecurityPersonnel can help to control such access.


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TRAFFIC CONTROLTraffic Control plans must be prepared, to helpdirect and control traffic movement, especially atthe entrance / exit to any demolition site. Thismay include use of warning signs, bollards, stop-go systems, ramps, temporary traffic lights, andflagmen. Liaison with local Gardai may also benecessary. The Dept of the Environment’s TrafficSigns Manual should be referred to.

BANKSMANA banks man is a trained Slinger and Signaller,and must always be used where loads are lifted,and safe direction is given to lifting applianceoperators.

FLAGMANWhere demolition activity involves managingtraffic or pedestrians in public areas adjacent toconstruction and demolition activity, trainedflagmen are used to control such movements in asafe manner. Flagmen must wear high visibilityvests and use approved Stop/Go signs or flags.Where two flagmen are required they must be invisible contact or in voice communication witheach other.

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WORKING CLOSE TO WATER

PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICEWhen working close to or over water personalflotation devices should be worn e.g. inflatablelife jacket. All personal flotation devices shouldbe properly stored, inspected and serviced.

LIFE RINGWorking adjacent to or in the vicinity of water,sufficient workable life rings must be available atthe waters edge.

BOATWorking over water, it is recommended that arescue boat be readily available.

EDGE PROTECTIONSuitable handrails must also be used whereappropriate when working close to water.


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SAFETY LINEWorkers whose activity goes up to the waters edgecan also be attached to a safety line for protection.

FALL ARREST Fall Arrest harnesses with lanyards or retractablereel systems used with suitable anchorages mayalso be appropriate for the protection of workersover or close to water.

GRAB LINESSafety ropes and lines can be erected close to theshore and down stream, so that where a personinadvertently falls into the water they can securetheir own safety by holding onto the grab line,and pulling themselves to the shore.

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PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, LIFTING OPERATIONS

CHECK SUITABILITYBefore any piece of plant is used to carry out anactivity it must be checked for its suitability for thetask e.g. safe working load, accessories available,and reach capability etc. In addition when purchasingand using plant e.g. dumpers and bulldozers etc,consideration must be given to the potential risksto workers from vibration emissions.

ROLL OVER PROTECTION/NO PASSENGERSAll construction and demolition plant is requiredby law to protect the driver/operator. Whereplant can possibly overturn. Roll Over Protectionis required, e.g. dump trucks, tractors, and miniexcavators. Furthermore construction anddemolition plant is generally only to be occupiedby the one person who is control of the vehicle.One seat, one person. Such plant must not beused to give lifts about the site to others.

SEAT BELTSWhere seat belts are fitted they must be worn. Inthe event of an overturn they can save lives.


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WARNING DEVICESWith plant that has restricted visibility,particularly while carrying out reversingoperations suitable warning devices, or sightseeing devices must be fitted e.g. CCTV, flashingbeacons, convex mirrors etc.

TRAFFIC/SPEED CONTROLTraffic Control plans must be prepared, to helpplan and control traffic movement, especially atthe entrance to any demolition site. Measures tocontrol traffic may include the following; use ofwarning signs, bollards, stop-go systems, ramps,temporary traffic lights, and flagmen. Liaisonwith local Gardai may also be necessary. TheDepartment of the Environment’s Traffic SignsManual should be referred to. Vehicular speedsmust be controlled on construction anddemolition sites. Speed Signs must be erected anddisplayed appropriately to advise drivers ofpermitted speeds.

TELEPORTERCheck that the teleporter is suitable for the task.Before using the teleporter, check that it hasbeen appropriately certified, and that it is fit foruse. Teleporters should undergo regular servicing.

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FORKS CLAMPChains and slings must not be wrapped aroundthe forks of a teleporter when used to lift loads.When using chains or slings with forks, suitablefork clamps must be used, with the chain or slingsuspended from a suitable hook or shackle.

FORKS EXTENSIONChains and slings must not be wrapped aroundthe forks of a teleporter when lifting a load.When required to lift loads with a teleporter, theforks should be removed and a crane extensionwith hook or shackle should be used.

GROUND CONDITIONSThe ground area on which any demolition plantis to be used should be examined to ensure thatit is capable of taking the applied loads. Expertadvice may be necessary.

LOCKING ATTACHMENTSAncillary equipment used in connection withdemolition and lifting equipment must at all timebe secured. This may require the insertion oflocking pins, to prevent inadvertent dropping ofthe attachment.


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CRUSHING PLANTCrushing plant is used on Demolition projects torecycle large concrete sections to smaller sizes tofacilitate later use as infill material and to reducetransport and landfill costs. Crushing plant can byits nature be hazardous and therefore such plantwill require on-going maintenance to ensure thatit is in a safe working condition, such that pinch,entrapment, fall points along with any areas wherematerials can be ejected are always protected byappropriate guarding to prevent any injury tousers or those in the vicinity. Personnel usingcrushing plants must be trained in its use.

COMPOUND There should be a designated area fenced areafor parking vehicles and storing materials. Thereshould be a safe pedestrian walkway clearlymarked out. At the end of the day the compoundmust be secured to prevent unauthorised access.

PRIVATE PARKING Non demolition related vehicles must be parkedin designated areas away from demolition sitetraffic.

PEDESTRIAN ROUTESWhether workers on site or members of the publicaccessing close to demolition works, separatingpedestrians from construction and demolition plantoperations is important. Dedicated pedestrianroutes clearly identified must be used.

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BANKSMANA banks man is a trained Slinger and Signaller,and must always be used where loads are lifted,and safe direction is given to lifting applianceoperators.

FLAGMANWhere demolition activity involves managingtraffic or pedestrians in public areas adjacent toconstruction and demolition activity, trainedflagmen are used to control such movements in asafe manner. Flagmen must wear high visibilityvests and use approved Stop/Go signs or flags.Where two flagmen are required they must be invisible contact or in voice communication witheach other.

CRANESEnsure that the crane is suitable for the taskand that it is properly certified. The general useof cranes should comply with all approvedCodes of Practice.

CHECK LIFTING GEARLifting gear means any gear or cable by which aload can be attached to a lifting appliance, whichcan include chain sling, rope sling, hook, shackle oreye bolt. Before lifting gear is used it must beexamined to check for Safe Working Load (SWL),and so that defects that may reduce its capacity tofunction safely are highlighted and repaired. Liftinggear must be appropriately certified prior to use.


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EXAMINATION & INSPECTIONA competent person is required to examine andinspect statutory plant and equipment asrequired and any defects must be noted andremedial action to repair the plant should takeplace immediately, or alternatively the plant bereplaced. A report of the inspection/ examinationshould be recorded on the approved form

PLAN LIFTAll lifting operations should be planned to ensurethat they are carried out in a safe manner.Generally a method statement should beprepared in advance of the lift-taking place.

SWLLifting appliances and lifting gear should neverbe used to lift beyond their stated safe workingload. This is the maximum load as assessed by acompetent person which an item of liftingequipment may raise, lower or suspend under theparticular service conditions.

LOAD STABILITYEnsure that the load is stable and properly securedto the lifting appliance before lifting begins.

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EXCLUSION ZONEAs a general rule, persons should not be workingunder an area where loads are being lifted orwithin the working radius of the jib. Peopleshould be kept a safe distance from workingplant, barriers should be used where possible.

SKIPS/BINSAll skips and bins must be appropriate for thetask and if used as lifting gear when attached tolifting appliances all lifting lugs and lifting eyesmust have their safe working load (SWL) clearlyvisible. Always check the SWL before liftingcommences. When used as lifting gear, such binsand skips must be certified as appropriate.

MAN CRADLEWhere normal working platforms cannot beerected, such as scaffolding or the use of MEWPs,man cradles suspended from cranes may be used inthese exceptional circumstances to give access tosuch difficult areas at height. Such cradles must befully rigged by competent persons, and the cradle,lifting gear used and crane must all be certifiedappropriately for the task. Such suspendedpersonnel platforms should only be used forpersonnel, their tools and sufficient materials to dothe job, but should not be used for transportingbulk materials. Cranes with free fall systems mustnot be used when lifting persons.


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OVERHEAD LINESBurns and electrocution can result if raised tippertruck bodies, cranes or excavators touch or comeclose enough to overhead power lines to causearcing. Never work close to, or access close to orunder live overhead lines when lifting. Refer toESB guidance booklet.

REMOTE CONTROLMany demolition machines can be controlledremotely, thereby reducing the risk of injury tomachine operators, who can now operate themachine at a distance away. Pre-planning andpreparation are necessary pre requisites whenusing remote controlled demolition machinerye.g. to create adequate exclusion zones to allowthe work to proceed in a safe manner with nopersonnel or others in the immediate danger areas.When the controller is fitted with a belt or harness,the operator should be wearing the harness beforeswitching it on, so that accidental operation of themachine is prevented. The controller shall only beswitched on when operating the machine and shallbe switched off before removing the harness. Inthe event of loss of power during the operation,the machine shall be fitted with a suitable cut-outmechanism that will halt the machine’s movementsuntil control is re-established. The controller mustbe maintained so that it performs as specified bythe manufacturer.

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STORAGEGas bottles on site, must always to stored upright,and chained to prevent inadvertent falling.

SAFETY CLIPSShould be used at connections on all pneumatichose lines. This control will prevent the hose“whipping around” in the event of the connectionfailing. The safety clips must all be inspected priorto the compressor being turned on. Alternativelyautomatic cut-off valves can be used.

MAINTENANCEAll demolition plant especially lifting appliancesand lifting gear should undergo regular serviceand maintenance checks, to ensure continuedfitness for use. It is good practice to keep writtenrecords of such maintenance checks.


40

HAND TOOLS

CHECK SUITABILITYBefore any electrically power hand operated toolis used to carry out any work activity it must bechecked for its suitability to the task, e.g. voltagerating, size and condition etc. In addition whenpurchasing and using hand operated power toolse.g. grinders, saws and drill etc, considerationmust be given to the potential risks to workersfrom vibration emissions.

CABLES CHECK PROTECTIONBefore using any electric appliance on site,including use of transformers and extension reels,the cables and connectors attached must beexamined to ensure that such components arenot damaged. Trailing electric cables which are atrisk from damage because of their position mustbe protected from such damage, or a safer cablelocation used.

GUARDSMany hand/portable tools have rotating shafts andcomponents, others due to their application willemit fragments including dust and sparks. Suchtool must have suitable guards fitted, e.g. circularsaw guards, power-take-off shaft guards etc.

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41

VOLTAGEAll portable electric tools rated below 2 kilowattsused on construction and demolition sites mustbe rated at 110V.

GENERATORS OUTSIDETo avoid the silent killer, petrol and diesel drivengenerators must always be used outdoors toavoid the deadly effects of carbon monoxidebuild up from exhaust gases.

COMPRESSORCompressors must be maintained and serviced ona regular basis. All connections and flexiblehosing used must be in good condition andreplaced if damaged. All guards must be securedbefore starting, such that there are no exposedrotating pulleys or belts.

SAWS/DRILLSConsaws, angle grinders and drilling equipmentetc are widely used on demolition sites. Suchequipment must be maintained in good workingorder and regularly serviced. Guards must be inplace at all times. Appropriate PPE must be used.


42

WELDERS/FLAME CUTTERSWelders and flame cutters must only be used bycompetent qualified persons.Adequate andsuitable PPE must be provided and used. Asuitable fire extinguisher must be readilyavailable during cutting and welding work. Inmany situation where hot working is used, aPermit-to Work system will apply to prevent therisk of fire and explosion. Flash back arrestersmust be used, and all flexible hosing andconnections should be checked daily, and anydamaged parts replaced prior to use.Gas bottles must always be stored upright, andchained to prevent inadvertent falling.

JACK HAMMER/KANGOTo reduce and eliminate the risk of ill health dueto vibration, jack hammers and kangos must beserviced on a regular basis, and maintained ingood condition. Persons should not be using JackHammers for extended durations, and it may beappropriate for such tasks, where mechanicalassistance cannot be used that persons be rotatedto other tasks such that exposure times are reducedand vibration related ill health can be avoided. Eardefenders must be worn at all times by those usingJack Hammers and Kangos and by those personslikely to remain in the immediate vicinity.

DUST SUPPRESSIONTools and equipment, which generate dust cloudsshould be fitted with appropriate extraction orwetting aids.

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MISCELLANEOUSDemolition by its very nature is a very high riskactivity, and hazardous situations must beidentified at the planning and design stages, sothat the necessary controls are in place whenwork commences. This section attempts toidentify and increase awareness of variouscontrols not elsewhere covered in this form, butwhich can be critical to protecting those involvedin Demolition work.

SITE CLEARANCE“Every action can have an unexpected unsafeoutcome”. Planning, the use of method statementsand good timely communication are vital to avoidhazardous situations ever occurring.

UNDERPINNINGIs the process of introducing support under anexisting structure.Whether its facade retention orprotection from other wall collapse, an assessmentof foundations especially with regard to subsidencemust be considered at the planning and designstage. Where it is established or expected thatstructures are unstable underpinning may benecessary. The risk assessment for the underpinningexcavations must also address the additional riskof collapse of the overhead structure. As a resultof space constraints when excavating forunderpinning, supports will often have to consistof timbering to suit the size of excavation.Thedesign and the carrying out of underpinning is aspecialist task, that can only be done by thosesufficiently competent.


44

!

FORMWORKUsed in underpinning and in constructing concretepads etc, will normally involve structural engineeringadvice. Form work must only be carried out in fullcompliance with the approved design.

FACADE RETENTION/SHORINGGenerally as a requirement of the PlanningPermission granted. Facade retention normally isrequired so that the visible external look of thestructure is maintained. The facade is retainedduring the demolition stage and subsequentconstruction stage by a designed temporarysupport system, normally using heavy steel ortimber shoring. The selection of shore type willbe decided at the planning stage, and will bedetailed on the drawing. The erection of theshoring can be hazardous, and requires acompetent experienced contractor to carry outthe work. It is desirable that where possible theassembly and welding of the shore is carried outat ground level. Anchoring the shore to thefacade and to its ground beam will require aspecific method statement and associated riskassessments, as will its eventual dismantling. An appointed competent Temporary WorksCoordinator will normally oversee and managethe process of facade retention.

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45

TRENCH SHEETS/SHORINGTrench sheets are long narrow thin sections, usuallyof cold rolled steel plate formed to lap-joint at itsedges with adjacent sheets. Inadequate protectionof excavations, foundations, and trenches cancause serious accidents from the collapse ofearth, or unstable structures resulting in burial orcrushing of workers. The use of trench sheets orother shoring techniques can be used to preventcollapse. Shoring of this nature will generallyrequire professional design, especially the innersteel supports. Shoring should only be carried outby competent contractors.

PRE-STRESSED STEELDemolition of bridges and pre-stressed beam willin most cases be designed by competent engineeror equivalents, so that the sequence of works andthe need for supports and propping is fullydetailed and agreed. Pre stressed elements mustbe clearly identified, and the demolition techniqueused must ensure that the energy released whencutting pre stressed components is dissipated anddoes not pose a safety risk to works or others inthe vicinity. The actual demolition of pre stressedsteel components must only be carried out bycompetent contractors.


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PRE-WEAKENING PLANPre-weaking is generally required and used toenable effective and accurate implosion. Developinga pre weakening plan is a specialized exerciseand must only be undertaken by competentimplosion demolition experts.Such plans must bevery detailed and communicated very clearly tothe contractor carrying out the work. The processof Pre-weakening itself requires particular controlsand the contractors involved must carry outdetailed risk assessments and strictly implementthe necessary controls such that their employeesare not inadvertently trapped or crushed.

PUBLIC EXCLUSION ZONEDemolition by its nature is very hazardous andshould only be commenced when sufficientmeasures are in place to exclude members of thepublic, so that the public are not at risk of injuryfrom the works. This is particularly importantwhen demolition is by implosion. Calculation ofexclusion zone is dependent on the demolitionmethod used, and should be calculated bycompetent persons only.

DE-GASSING/PURGINGDecommissioning, removal or any work involvingthe dismantling of storage tanks may involve thepurging of such tanks to remove any trace ofresidual gases and or hazardous liquids, so that therisk of fire or explosion is eliminated. This workcan be a specialized activity and will require theassistance of a competent specialized contractor.

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HOUSE KEEPINGExcessive amounts of dust can cause eye andrespiratory irritation. In general dust and muck isa nuisance for both workers and others in thevicinity. All traffic routes in public areas adjacentto demolition works should be kept clear ofmuck. During dry periods the routes should bedampened to keep dust down. To enable persons to get safely to their place ofwork all slip, trip and fall hazards must beremoved. A good housekeeping system must beadopted, so that everything has a place andeverything is in its place.

WORKING FROM HEIGHT AND FALLING OBJECTS

SCAFFOLDINGScaffold platforms should where possible be usedas working platforms for all work at height andin particular for all works above two metres. Thescaffold platform must be designed, planned andsubsequently erected by fully trained personnel,in accordance with all relevant Legislation, Codesof Practice, and manufacturers instructions.Scaffolds should include dedicated ladder accessbays, and where required properly constructedloading bays. Hand-Over Certificates and the useof relevant signage e.g. capacity of loading bays,is recommended.


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Working platforms are locations and areas forcarrying out construction and demolition work atheight safely. It is taken to mean a work areathat provides protection and prevents the workerfalling to a lower level. Generally it is used torefer to scaffold platforms, but where scaffoldscannot be erected, it can also refer to other safeplatforms such as, MEWPs, scaffold towers.

EDGE PROTECTIONPersons must not be at risk from falling thoughopenings, or over edges. All persons accessing orworking at or close to openings that could leadto such falls must be protected, and guardedfrom falls, includes protection from falling offstairs. Such measures must include handrails,barriers, and toe boards etc.

MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMSA Boom Hoist has an extendable folding boomwith cage attached, it can be used for work atheight if the ground conditions are suitable.Boom hoists can also be used to gain access toremote areas. Selection must be based onsuitability for the task, the manufacturersguidelines for safe use must be followed fully.Only competent and trained operators shouldcontrol the movement of these hoists. Othervehicles should be strictly controlled in thevicinity of hoists.

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49

Scissors Lifts, can extend to significant heightsusing hydraulic scissors movement, can be usedwhere scaffold platforms are not possible.Selection must be based on suitability for thetask, with particular attention given to theground conditions, and that the manufacturersguidelines for safe use can be followed fully. Onlycompetent and trained operators should controlthe movement of these.

GOODS/PERSON HOISTHoists can be used either to carry goods alone orcan be used to carry goods and persons. Such hoistsare normally attached to the side of buildings andare designed to have controlled and safe landingsat each floor level. Hoists will on occasion berequired to be raised or lowered as the level of thebuilding changes. Before the hoist is first used, or ifit undergoes a modification or repair it will requirea test or examination or both by a competentperson in order to comply with legal requirements.The results of such tests or examinations must beentered onto the approved forms.

NETS/ANCHORSPersons working in roof areas that have internalopenings, e.g. removing roof trusses etc, can beprotected using air bags, beanbags or safety nets.Before use these safety nets and bags should beappropriately tested, inspected and certified.Furthermore these safety nets and/or bags must beinstalled by competent and fully trained persons.Debris Netting may also be used internally toprevent the fall of rubble to lower levels.


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ROOF LADDER/LADDERRoof ladders should always be used for accessingup and down sloping roofs, these ladders shouldbe used in conjunction with properly constructedscaffold platforms. Roof ladders must be CE marked,and be free of any defects. When used, roofladders should reach and anchor around the ridge. All ladder access must be erected by competentpersons, to include adequate length of ladder,angle, tying, footing, and be free from defects.Access onto and egress off ladders must be suchthat large gaps are not created from which personscould fall before the ladder handhold is achieved.

CRAWLING BOARDSIf required to work on or access on fragile roofsincluding work adjacent to roof lights, crawlingboards may be used, they are intended to spreadload such that point load does not exceed theload which may result in such roofs breaking. Theselection of suitable crawling boards for particularuse should be made by competent persons.

OVERHEAD LINESContact with overhead lines can kill. Never erectscaffolding close to or under overhead lines.Never work close to, or access close to, or underoverhead lines.

LIGHTINGAdequate lighting must be afforded to personsaccessing and working in darkened areas toprevent workers slipping, tripping, falling orbeing hit by projecting objects.

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SIGNSSuitable and appropriate warning signs must beused across the site, so that advance warning isgiven to workers or other in the vicinity whenapproaching particular high-risk areas e.g.approaching leading edges, excavations, andexclusion zone etc. Signs should also be used toconvey safety information e.g. “scaffold un-safeto use” etc. Signs must be clear, unambiguous, beat the appropriate location and be in a languageunderstandable by the relevant workers or personson site. Where signs are used on site they shouldalways be complied with.

HOUSEKEEPINGTo enable persons to get safely to their place ofwork all slip, trip and fall hazards must beremoved. A good housekeeping system must beadopted, so that everything is given a place, andeverything is in its place.

PROPPINGPropping is any temporary structure used tosupport a permanent structure while it is not self-supporting. Propping is required during thedemolition to give temporary support to preventcollapse due to overloading of structuralcomponents during the work e.g. when usingcrushing plant on upper floors etc. The responsiblecontractor must ensure that the correct numbersof props are installed correctly and that the unitsare supported as indicated on the constructiondrawings. Any failure of propping could result inthe collapse of the permanent structure, which


52

could result in injury or death. Normally a temporaryworks co-ordinator is appointed to ensure thatcorrect propping procedures are followed andthat operations are carried out safely.

NO UNDERMININGBefore carrying out any cutting, drilling,crunching or breaking activities includingexcavation works, the adjacent structures shouldbe checked to ensure that these works will notcause such structures to become unstable orcollapse. Underpinning and propping may berequired to stabilize any structure at risk ofcollapse. Any structure stabilization should becarefully designed and carried out by competentpersons before work commences.

OVERHEAD WORKMake sure before you start working that there isno work taking place above you.

EXCLUSION ZONESWork should never take place directly aboveother workers. Where overhead work is likely tooccur, adequately sized exclusion zones should becreated to ensure that persons are not at riskfrom falling objects.

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STORAGEAll materials should be stored where they cannotfall on to workers below. Materials should bekept tidy and stable making sure that all accessroutes are kept clear. Working platforms shouldnot be cluttered or blocked with materials, theremust always be adequate space for safe access.All loose materials should be removed on anongoing basis.

SHEETING/FANSSheeting should be used to enclose scaffoldingon its public side to prevent loose materials fromfalling on to members of the public. Similarlyfans should be erected onto the scaffold tosupplement the sheeting. These measures areparticularly important where the scaffoldingfronts on to a public access way.

CHUTESChutes should be used for discarding materials,materials should never be thrown from scaffoldingor windows etc. The Chute should extend downinto a waste skip. Exclusion zones under the dropzones should always be created where constructionmaterials and debris is discarded.

CAB GUARDSCabs of demolition plant must be sufficientlyprotected to prevent falling materials crushing orpenetrating into the occupied zone.


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WEATHERAdverse weather, such as high winds and ice canlead to unsafe working conditions. In high windsor icy weather, it may be necessary to cease workat height in exposed areas. Also in high windconditions loose materials may need to beremoved or tied down, to prevent them blowingor falling. Similarly cranes shall not be operatedin wind speeds that are in excess of thosespecified by the crane manufacturer. In hot sunnyweather, sun protection must be considered, aswell as the provision of drinking water to preventde-hydration.

CONFINED SPACEConfined Space refers to any place, including anyvessel, tank, container, pit, bund, chamber, cellaror any other similar space which, by virtue of itsenclosed nature creates conditions which give riseto a likelihood of accident, harm or injury of sucha nature as to require emergency action.

SURVEYPrior to entering a confined space to carry outwork activity, a full survey of the work area mustbe carried out in advance to identify all thehazards that may exist within, particularly thepresence of harmful gases.

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55

RISK ASSESSMENTBased on the identification of the hazards, a fullrisk assessment must be carried out in writingwith all the necessary controls identified and becommunicated to the relevant persons who couldbe exposed to such risks.

PERMIT TO WORKA Permit to Work is a system used to ensure thata safe system of work is in place. Generally theyare used for activities where high levels of riskcan exist and that only authorised persons canenter the work area, under very controlledconditions that are laid down.

DETECTIONWhere the presence or the build up of harmfulgases are likely to exist, suitable gas detectorsmust be use, which will alarm if or when the buildup of harmful levels of gases are approached.

TRIPODA tripod is a standard piece of rescue equipmentfor persons working in confined space, employeecan be lowered into confined space by a “buddy”,and more importantly can be raised out of theconfined space, using a tripod.

COMMUNICATIONPerson(s) inside the confined space must at alltimes be in verbal contact with those on thesurface. Importantly, the equipment used tocommunicate must be spark free to prevent itproviding an ignition source.


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ex

DUST Excessive amounts of dust can cause eye andrespiratory irritation or injury if exposed to largeconcentrations of dust over a short period orlower concentrations over a long period.

WETWetting, damping down areas prevent dust frombeing dispersed in the air.

VENTILATION Supplies fresh dust free air into the work area.

EXTRACTIONLocal exhaust systems removes dust directly fromthe area in which it is produced

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MANUAL HANDLING Manual Handling is the physical movement by aperson of objects by lifting pushing or pulling, thatis likely to cause injury or other health problems.

RISK ASSESSMENTEach activity on site needs to be risk assessed toidentify whether there is a manual handlinghazard. If there is an identified risk of injury thenappropriate controls must be put in place toeliminate the risk. If the hazard cannot beeliminated then the risk must be reduced to aslow as possible.

MECHANICAL AIDSMechanical Aids are devices used to lift, pull orpush objects, which either eliminate the need tomanually handle the object or reduce the manualhandling required.

WORK ORGANIZATIONWork organization, requires that the physical workmethod be assessed to see whether the work canbe organized in such a way as to minimize oreliminate the need for manual handling.

TRAININGManual handling training is a legal requirementwhere it is identified that manual handlingoperations are required at work. This traininginvolves learning how to move loads in a manner,which will not injure the person.


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PPEPersonal protective equipment protects individuals from residualharm when all other methods have been employed to eliminatethe risk. PPE is a last resort. PPE should be maintained at alltimes in good working order. Furthermore the PPE listed belowmust conform to the appropriate Irish Standard.

HELMET/BOOTSafety Helmets / hard hats are used to protect thehead from falling objects and from striking thehead off objects. Hard hats should be replacedperiodically.

Safety Boots are required on all building sites theyshould have steel toecaps and sole protection toprevent the toes from been crushed and any objectfrom penetrating the sole.

EYE PROTECTIONEye protection in the form of glasses / goggles orvisors protect the eyes from flying objects, dustand splashes, e.g. when grinding and cutting .

SAFETY GLOVESSafety gloves protect the hands from cuts andfrom contact with harmful substances, and sharpobjects etc.

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EAR PROTECTIONEar protectors help to protect your hearing fromloud sudden noise or from continuous loud noise.There are two action levels, where noise exposureis at or exceeds 80 dBA individual hearingprotectors must be made available and wherenoise exposure is at or exceeds 85 dBA individualhearing protectors must be made available andmust be used. There is also a limit value set at 87dBA which must not be exceeded. The limit valuetakes account of the attenuation provided byindividual hearing protectors worn by the worker.The action values do not take account of theeffect of such protectors. Where risk assessmentreveals a risk to the workers health as a result ofnoise exposure, audiometric testing (hearingcheck) will have to be made available.

HI VISIBILITY VESTHi visibility vests increase your visibility to all driversand operators of plant and other site traffic.

DUST MASKSDust masks protect you from inhaling harmfuldusts.


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RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT Respiratory equipment protects you from allexposure to harmful substances by filtering themout from the air you breathe in, provided theyare worn and maintained properly.

FACE PROTECTION Face protection visors protects your full face fromflying objects sparks and splashes from hot orharmful substances.

SAFETY HARNESS Safety harnesses with a properly designed fallarrest system, to include other components suchas lanyard, shock absorber, and suitable anchors,are used to protect a person from hitting theground if they fall from a height. Such fall arrestsystems should be used in conjunction with arescue plan. Safety harnesses and personal fallarrest equipment are not a substitute for safeworking platforms or collective protection such assafety nets.

SAFETY OVERALLS Safety overalls protect your body from cominginto contact with harmful substances.

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FIREThe risk of fire is generally ever present on

Construction and Demolition Sites. Fire preventionhas to be considered at the various level ofdemolition planning. Consideration should be

given to the provision of alternative means of escape and theinstallation of a temporary fire detection and alarm systemduring demolition. Bar heaters should not be used on site, anduse of all naked flames must be tightly controlled. Flammablematerials must be stored separately in a well-ventilatedlockable location, away from any likely ignition sources, andsuch liquids should be removed from site when no longerrequired. After hot works have taken place, the area should berevisited to ensure that fires have not developed. Sand and fireblankets can be used in certain circumstances, such as smallsmouldering fire to eliminate the chances of fire developing.

EMERGENCY ROUTETo prevent injury from fire allemployees must be instructedas to what should be done inthe event of a fire, and whatthe approved escape route is,

and where the assembly points are located. Fire drills should beheld regularly.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERSAre devices used in putting out a fire. Personsneed to be trained in their operation, theyshould only be used for small fires.


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WATER Water fire extinguishers are used for cloth,paper and wood only. Direct the jet at the baseof the flame and keep it moving across the areaof the fire.

DRY POWDERDry powder extinguishers can be used on mostfires including electrical fires. On fires involvingeither liquids in containers or spilled liquids,direct the jet or discharge horn towards the nearedge of the fire. With a rapid sweeping motiondrive the fire towards the far edge until all theflames are extinguished.

CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide extinguishers can be used on firesinvolving flammable liquids or electrical apparatus.Carbon dioxide should not be used in confinedspaces where there is a danger that the fumescan be inhaled.

FOAMFoam extinguishers are suitable for most firesinvolving flammable liquids. Where the liquid onfire is in a container, direct the jet at the inside edgeof the container or at an adjoining vertical surfaceabove the level of the burning liquid. This breaksthe jet and allows the foam to build up and flowacross the surface of the liquid to smother the fire.Do not aim the jet directly into the burning liquid.

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CARBONDIOXIDE

Flammable liquids

+ electric

FOAMOil, fuel fires only

WATERCloth, paper, wood only

DRY POWDER

Most fires

+ electric

ABBREVIATIONS USED

MDHS Is a series of standards and stands for Methods forthe Determination of Hazardous Substances

RPE Respiratory Protection Equipment

RSJ Rolled Steel Joist

CSCS Construction Skills Certification Scheme

ESB Electricity Supply Board

SWL Safe Working Load. Is the maximum load which anitem of lifting equipment may raise, lower orsuspend under the particular service conditions.

CCTV Close Circuit Television

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

MEWP Mobile Elevating Work Platform

CE Community European. Is marked on products andmachines which comply with essential safetyrequirements of any relevant standards which areset down by the CEN which is a European standardsetting body.

ETCI Electro-Technical Council of Ireland

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ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 1, 6ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 2, 7ASBESTOS SURVEY TYPE 3, 7BANKSMAN, 29, 36BARRIERS, 21, 27BIOLOGICAL AGENTS, 24BOAT, 30BORD GÁIS EIREANN OR

OTHER GAS UTILITYCOMPANY, 19

BURSTING, 17CAB GUARDS, 54CABLES CHECK PROTECTION,

41CANTEEN, 5CARBON DIOXIDE, 63CHECK LIFTING GEAR, 36CHECK SUITABILITY, 32, 41CHEMICAL AGENTS, 16CHUTES, 54COMMUNICATION, 5, 56COMPOUND, 35COMPRESSOR, 42CRANES, 12, 36CRAWLING BOARDS, 51CRUSHING PLANT, 35CSCS, 4DECONTAMINATION UNIT, 25DE-GASSING/PURGING, 47DEM. POLE/PUSHER ARM, 13DETECTION, 56DETECTOR, 20DIVERT/OFF, 19

DRILLING/SAWING, 15DRINKING WATER, 6DRY POWDER, 63DRYING/CHANGING, 6DUST MASKS, 33, 60DUST SUPPRESSION, 43EAR PROTECTION, 60EDGE PROTECTION, 30, 49ELECTRICITY SUPPLY BOARD

(ESB)/OR OTHER ELECTRICALUTILITY COMPANY, 19

EMERGENCY ROUTE, 62ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

ASSESSMENT, 8EXAMINATION & INSPECTION,

37EXCLUSION ZONE, 38, 53EXPLOSIVES, 16EYE PROTECTION, 59FACADE RETENTION/

SHORING, 45FACE PROTECTION, 61FALL ARREST, 31FENCING, 27, FIRE/GAS/VAPOUR

CONTROLS, 9FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, 62FLAGMAN, 29, 36FLOOD CONTROL, 9FOAM, 63FORKS CLAMP, 34FORKS EXTENSION, 34FORMWORK, 45

DEMOLITION INDEX

GENERAL MACHINE, 11GENERATORS OUTSIDE, 42GOODS/PERSON HOIST, 50GRAB LINES, 31GRAPPLE, 14GROUND CONDITIONS, 34GUARDS, 41HAND DIG, 11, 20HELMET/BOOT, 59HI VISIBILITY VEST, 60HOARDING, 27HOT CUTTING, 17HOUSEKEEPING, 28, 48IMPACT HAMMER, 13INDUCTION, 5JACK HAMMER/KANGO, 43LIAISON, 9LIFE RING, 30LIGHTING, 51LOAD STABILITY, 37LOCAL AUTHORITY etc., 19LOCKING ATTACHMENTS, 34LONG REACH, 12MAINTENANCE, 40MAN CRADLE, 38MECHANICAL AIDS, 58METHOD STATEMENT/

EMERGENCY PLANS, 8MOBILE ELEVATING WORK

PLATFORMS, 49MONITORING, 25NETS/ANCHORS, 50NO FLAMES, 21

NO MECHANICAL DIGGING, NO UNDERMINING, 53OVERHEAD LINES, 21, 39, 51OVERHEAD WORK, 53PEDESTRIAN ROUTES, 35PEDESTRIAN WAY, 28PERMIT TO WORK, 24, 56PERSONAL FLOTATION

DEVICE, 30PLAN LIFT, 37PLANT/EQUIPMENT

CERTIFICATION, 4PRIVATE PARKING, 35PRE-STRESSED STEEL, 46PRE-WEAKENING PLAN, 47PROPPING PLAN, 18PUBLIC EXCLUSION ZONE, 47REMOTE CONTROL, 12, 39REMOVAL METHODS, 23RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT,

61RISK ASSESSMENT, 23, 56, 58ROLL OVER PROTECTION/

NO PASSENGERS, 32ROOF LADDER/LADDER, 51ROPE DEMOLITION, 15SAFE PASS, 4SAFETY CLIPS, 40SAFETY GLOVES, 59SAFETY HARNESS, 61SAFETY LINE, 31SAFETY OVERALLS, 61SAWS/DRILLS, 42

DEMOLITION INDEX (cont’d)

DEMOLITION INDEX (cont’d)

SCAFFOLDING, 48SEAT BELTS, 32SECURITY, 28SHEARS/PULVERISERS, 14SHEETING/FANS, 54SIGNS, 52SITE CLEARANCE, 44SKIPS/BINS, 38SMOKING CONTROL, 6STORAGE, 22, 40, 54STRUCTURAL SURVEY, 6SUPERVISION, 4SURVEY MAP, 20SURVEY, 55SWL, 37SYRINGES, 24TELEPORTER, 33THERMIC LANCING, 18TIPPING, 22TRAFFIC CONTROL, 29

TRAFFIC/SPEED CONTROL, 33TRAINING, 58TRENCH SHEETS/SHORING, 46TRIPOD, 56UNDERPINNING, 44VENTILATION/EXTRACTION,

26, 57VIBRATION/NOISE ASSESS, 10VOLTAGE, 42WARNING DEVICES, 33WARNING SIGNS, 21, 28WASTE MANAGEMENT, 10WASTE REMOVAL, 26WATER, 63WC & WASHING, 5WEATHER, 55WELDERS/FLAME CUTTERS, 43WET, 57WORK ORGANIZATION, 58WRECKING BALL, 14

-Together

Achieving

Working Life

HealthySafe

a

HEALTH AND SAFETYAUTHORITY HEADQUARTERS

10 Hogan Place, Dublin 2Tel. 1890 289 389

Callers outside Republic ofIreland 00353 1 6147000

Fax. (01) 6147020

website: www.hsa.ie

and

Safe System of Work Plan (SSWP)Demolition

safe system of work plan (sswp) - health and … statement/emergency plans due to the hazardous...

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