Safety and First Aid

Injury Prevention at Home and at School

• Accidents at Home– Falls, Fires, Electrical shock, poisoning

• Safety in Class• Violence at School– Violence- Using force to hurt someone or to cause damage

• Gun Safety– Avoid guns, lock them up, hunting

• Seven ways to protect yourself– Think before you act, pay attention, know your limits, practice refusal

skills, use safety equipment, change risky behavior, change risky situations

Fire safety

• Fire prevention and detection– Smoke detector- an alarm that detects smoke

from a fire• Check batteries• Check to see if working

• How to put out small fires– Fire extinguisher- a device that releases chemials

to put out a fire• 3 different types

Safety on the Road• Safety while walking

– Use sidewalks– Walk facing traffic– Use crosswalks– Look both ways– Make sure driver can se you– Avoid walking at night– No headphones

• Safety on wheel– Wear safety equipment– Pay attention to traffic– Follow the rules of road– Wear proper attire– Ride in designated areas– Ride with a friend– Avoid night riding

• Vehicle safety • Bus safety

Safety Outdoors• Safety on a cold day

– Hypothermia- a below normal body temperature– Frostbite- is damage to skin and other tissues that is caused by

extreme cold• Safety on a hot day

– Heat exhaustion- a condition caused by too much water loss through sweating on a hot day

– Heatstroke- is an injury that happens when the body cannot control its temperature.

• Playing safe– Drink water, use sunscreen, watch weather

Natural disasters• Earthquakes

– A shaking of the earth’s surface caused by movement along a break in the Earth’s crust

– Natural disasters- natural events that widespread injury, death, and property damage.

• Tornadoes and hurricanes– Tornado- a spinning column of air that has a high wind speed and

touches the ground.– Hurricane- a large spinning tropical weather system with wind speeds

of at least 74mph– Flood- is an overflowing of water into areas that are normally dry– Flash flood- a flood with no warning

• Be prepared!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Deciding to Give First Aid

• Emergency- a sudden event that demands immediate action

• Handling an Emergency– Check the situation– Call for help– Care for victim• First aid- emergency medical care for someone who has

been hurt or who is sick.

Making an emergency phone call

• Dial 9-1-1• The three pieces of information that you will

need to know:– Your name and location– The type of emergency– The condition of anyone who is hurt– What you’ve done to help the victim• Stay calm• Don’t hang up first

Abdominal Thrust and Rescue Breathing

• Abdominal Thrusts- actions that apply pressure to a choking person’s stomach to force an object out of his or her throat

• First Aid for choking infants(pg 394)• First Aid for choking adults(pg 395)• Rescue Breathing for adults

– Rescue breathing- an emergency technique in which a rescuer gives air to someone who is not breathing

– Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)- an emergency technique used to save a victim who isn’t breathing and who doesn’t have a heart beat.

• Rescue breathing for small children

First Aid for Injuries

• Bleeding• Burns– Severity determines first aid

• Poisoning• Fractures-broken or cracked bone• Dislocations- when a bone is forced out of its

normal position• Head, Neck, and Back Injuries