safety and health at work is everyone's concern risk assessment
TRANSCRIPT
Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern It’s good for you It’s good for business
Risk assessment essentials
�
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l
�
B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern It’s good for you It’s good for business
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Content
22186515
84181415
22186515
84181415
�
More sector-specific checklists available at: http://hwi.osha.europa.eu
PART III: IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND SELECTION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES – GENERAL
Checklist No. �: Uneven or slippery flat surfaces �� Checklist No. �: Moving vehicles and machines �� Checklist No. �: Moving parts of machines �4 Checklist No. 4: Electrical installations and equipment �5 Checklist No. 5: Fire �6 Checklist No. 6: Explosion �8 Checklist No. 7: Chemical substances �0 Checklist No. 8: Noise �� Checklist No. 9: Vibration �� Checklist No. �0: Lighting �4 Checklist No. ��: Stress at work �6
PART IV: IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND SELECTION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES – FOR SPECIFIC SECTORS AND WORK
Office work �0 Construction �� Food processing �6 Woodworking �8 Car repair 40 Agriculture 4� Small-scale surface mining 48
22186515
84181415
22186515
84181415
Information: http://hwi.osha.europa.eu
PART I: BASIC INFORMATION What is a hazard? What is a risk? 4 Why/how should I carry out a risk assessment? 4 How can I carry out a risk assessment? 4 How should I use this tool? 5
PART II: RISK ASSESSMENT – GENERAL Step �: What information should I collect? 6 How can I collect this information? 6 Step �: How can I identify hazards? 7 CHECKLIST – GENERAL 8 Step �: How can I assess risk arising from a hazard? 9 Step 4: How can I plan actions to eliminate or reduce risk
arising from that hazard? �0 Step 5: How should I document my risk assessment? �0
A RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET ��
�
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l
5
B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
THIS TOOL WILL HELP YOU TO GO THROUGH ALL THE STEPS, AND TO CARRY OUT AND DOCUMENT YOUR RISK ASSESSMENT
How should I use this tool?
How s h o u l d I d o c u m e n t my r i s k a s s e s s m e n t ? Go to
S T E P 5 PA RT IIS T E P 5
Go to S T E P 4 PA RT II
S T E P 4
How c a n I p l a n a c t i o n s to e l i m i n ate o r re d u c e r i s k a r i s i n g f ro m a h a z a rd ?
How c a n I a s s e s s r i s k a r i s i n g f ro m a h a z a rd ? Go to
S T E P 3 PA RT IIS T E P 3
How c a n I i d e n t i f y h a z a rd s ? Go to
S T E P 2 PA RT IIS T E P 2
PA RT III
PA RT IV
Go to S T E P 1 PA RT II
S T E P 1
W h at i n fo r m at i o n s h o u l d I c o l l e c t ?How c a n I c o l l e c t t h i s i n fo r m at i o n ?
A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm.
Hazards can affect people, property, processes;
they can cause accidents and ill-heath, loss of output,
damage to machinery, etc.
Occupational risk refers to the likelihood and the severity
of an injury or an illness occurring as a result of exposure
to a hazard.
What is a hazard?What is a risk?
The main aim of occupational risk assessment is to protect
workers’ health and safety. Risk assessment helps to
minimise the possibility of the workers or the environment
being harmed due to work-related activities. It also helps
to keep your business competitive and effective.
Under health and safety laws, all employers must carry out
regular risk assessment.
Workplace risk can be assessed in 5 simple steps,
as presented below.
Why/how should I carry out a risk assessment?
How can I carry out a risk assessment?
S T E P 5 D o c u m e n t i n g r i s k a s s e s s m e n t
S T E P 2 Id e n t i f y i n g h a z a rd s
S T E P 3 A s s e s s i n g r i s k a r i s i n g f ro m h a z a rd s (e s t i m at i n g p ro b a b i l i t y a n d s eve r i t y o f c o n s e q u e n c e s a n d d e c i d i n g w h e t h e r r i s k i s to l e r a b l e )
S T E P 4 P l a n n i n g a c t i o n s to e l i m i n ate o r re d u c e r i s k Rev i ew i n g a s s e s s m e n t
S T E P 1 Co l l e c t i n g i n fo r m at i o n
PART I: BASIC INfORMATION
4
6
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l
7
B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
YOUR RISK ASSESSMENT SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT WITH AN ACTIvE INvOLvEMENT Of ALL THE WORKfORCE.
To identify hazards at the workplace use the GENERAL
CHECKLIST and:
• if you know that a hazard exists tick “YES”
• if you know that a hazard does not exist tick “NO”
• if you are not sure if a hazard exists:
use the HAZARD-SPECIFIC CHECKLIST indicated
in column 5
• if there is no hazard-specific checklist indicated in column 5
of the GENERAL CHECKLIST, you can look for further
information on the websites of the European Agency
(http://hwi.osha.europa.eu) or national authorities,
or ask your local occupational safety and health advisors
for assistance.
We have also provided some checklists for the following
specific sectors:
• office work
• construction
• car repair
• food processing
• woodworking
• agriculture
• small-scale surface mining
If you are involved in one of these activities,
go to the sector-specific checklists in PART IV.
How can I identify hazards?
S T E P 2
To assess occupational risk at the workplace
you need to know:
• where the workplace and/or the jobs performed are
located;
• who works there: pay particular attention to those for
whom occupational hazard may be more severe than usual,
such as pregnant women, young workers or workers with
disabilities. Remember also about part-time workers,
subcontractors and visitors, and employees who work off-
site (including drivers, those visiting clients’ or customers’
homes, etc.);
• what work equipment, materials, and processes are used;
• what tasks are performed (e. g., in what way and for how
long they are performed);
• what hazards have already been identified, and what their
sources are;
• what the potential consequences of existing hazards are;
• what protective measures are used;
• what accidents, occupational diseases and other
occurrences of ill-health have been reported;
• what legal and other requirements are related to the
workplace.
You can look for information
in the following sources:
• technical data of the equipment, materials, or substances
used at the workplace;
• technological procedures and work manuals;
• results of measurements of noxious, or hazardous and
strenuous factors at the workplace;
• records of work accidents and occupational diseases;
• specifications of the properties of chemical substances;
• legal regulations and technical standards;
• scientific and technical literature.
Information can also be obtained by:
• observing the work environment;
• observing the tasks performed at the workplace;
• observing the tasks performed outside the workplace;
• interviewing employees;
• observing external factors that may have an impact on the
workplace (e. g., tasks performed by third parties, weather
conditions).
What information should I collect?
How can I collect this information?
S T E P 1
PART II: RISK ASSESSMENT – GENERAL
8
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l
9
B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
A. For each identified hazard:
Decide if risk is small, medium, or high taking into account the probability and severity of harm which can be caused by a hazard.
Use the table below to make the decision.
• Highly improbable: should not materialise during the entire
occupational career of an employee.
• Probable: may materialise only a few times during the
occupational career of an employee.
• Highly probable: may materialise repeatedly during the
occupational career of an employee.
• Moderately harmful: accidents and illnesses not causing
prolonged distress (such as small nicks, eye irritations,
headaches, etc.).
• Medium harmful: accidents and illnesses causing
moderate, but prolonged or periodically recurring distress
(such as wounds, simple fractures, second-degree burns on
a limited body surface, dermal allergy, etc.).
• Extremely harmful: accidents and illnesses causing grave
and permanent distress and/or death (e. g., amputations,
complex fractures leading to disability, cancer, second- or
third-degree burns on a large body surface, etc.).
B. Decide whether risk arising from a hazard is acceptable or unacceptable.
In general:
• high risk is unacceptable,
• small and medium risk is acceptable.
If legal requirements are not complied with, risk is not acceptable!
Remember: Your risk assessment should always be carried out with the employees’ active involvement. When deciding
on the acceptability of risk, bear in mind their input, and take into account gender, age, and also health of the employees
for whom assessment is conducted.
How can I assess risk arising from a hazard?
S T E P 3
Severity of consequences
Probability Moderate harm Medium harm Extreme harm
Highly improbable Small (�) Small (�) Medium (�)
Probable Small (�) Medium (�) High (�)
Highly probable Medium (�) High (�) High (�)
�. Uneven or slippery surfaces (which can cause slips, trips, falls, etc.) Part III - � �. Moving vehicles and machines Part III - � �. Moving parts of machines Part III - � 4. Objects and parts with dangerous surfaces (sharp, rough, etc.) 5. Hot or could surfaces, materials, etc. 6. High workplaces and climbing points (which can cause falls from a height) 7. Hand tools 8. High pressure 9. Electrical installations and equipment Part III - 4 �0. Fire Part III - 5 ��. Explosion Part III - 6 ��. Chemical substances (including dust) in the air Part III - 7 ��. Noise Part III - 8 �4. Hand-arm vibration Part III - 9 �5. Whole-body vibration Part III - 9 �6. Lighting Part III - �0 �7. UV, IR, laser, and microwave radiation �8. Electromagnetic fields �9. Hot or cold climate �0. Lifting and carrying loads ��. Work involving poor posture ��. Biological hazards (viruses, parasites, moulds, bacteria) ��. Stress, violence, harassment (mobbing) �4. Others: please specify below and tick “YES”:
No. Hazard YES NO Do not know: go to this hazard- specific checklist:
� � � 4 5
Checklist – General
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l
Signature[s] of people working at the workplace
� � � 4 5
Workplace: (name of the workplace) Name of employee: (name of person working at the workplace)
Company name and address
Date:
Risk assessment undertaken by: (names of people)
RISK A
SSES
SMEN
T SHE
ET
Risk Assessment Sheet
��
No. HAZARD PREVENTIVE/PROTECTIVE RISK ACTIONS PLANNED MEASURES USED ESTIMATION/EVALUATION TO REDUCE RISK
Card No.:
Signature[s] of people carrying out risk assessment
22186515
84181415
• If risk is high and assessed as unacceptable, actions
to reduce it need to be taken at once.
• If risk is medium and assessed as acceptable, it is
recommended to plan actions to reduce its level.
• If risk is small and assessed as acceptable, it is
necessary to ensure that it will remain at the same level.
Preventive and protective measures should be implemented
in the following order of priority:
• eliminate hazard/risk,
• minimise hazard/risk, through organisational measures,
• minimise hazard/risk, through collective protective
measures
• reduce risk, through appropriate personal protective
equipment.
To find examples of measures which can be used to reduce
risk, go to hazard-specific checklists in PART III or PART IV.
You can document risk assessment for each workplace
using the RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET below.
• Record basic information: company name and address,
name of the workplace for which assessment has been
conducted, name(s) of person(s) working at the
workplace, date of the assessment and the name(s)
of person(s) conducting the assessment.
• Record identified hazards (for which you have ticked
“YES” in the GENERAL CHECKLIST) in column � of the
RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET.
• For each identified hazard:
• record preventive/protective measures used to limit risk
arising from a hazard in column �;
• record the results of risk assessment
(e. g., high/unacceptable) in column 4;
• record actions planned to reduce risk in column 5.
�0
How can I plan actions to eliminate or reduce risk arising from that hazard?
How should I document my risk assessment?
S T E P 5S T E P 4
22186515
84181415
B a s i C i n F O R m a t i O n & R i s k a s s e s s m e n t – G e n e R a l i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
12
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
13
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist No. 01 Checklist No. 02
Ensuringthatmeansoftransportareappropriatefortheworktobedone. Usingworkequipmentwithappropriatecertificates/licences. Usingworkequipmentaccordingtomanufacturers’informationandmanuals. Carryingoutregulartechnicalinspectionofworkequipment. Ensuringthattransportroutesareappropriatelymarkedandkepttidy. Ensuringthatroutesarewideenoughandthatthereareno“blindspots”onthem. Ensuringthatloadsareplacedandsecuredproperly. Ensuringthatworkersareadequatelytrained. Ensuringthatself-propelledmeansoftransporthavefacilitiesthatpreventunexpectedstart-up.
hazard: MoviNg vehiCles aNd MaChiNes
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
Selectingflooringcarefully,especiallyifitislikelytobecomewetordustyduetoworkprocesses;keepingsurfacesdry. Ifnecessary,treatingslipperysurfaceschemically;usingappropriatecleaningmethods. Ensuringregularcheckingofthefloorandtrafficroutes. Removingholes,cracks,worncarpets,orrugs,etc.;keepingfloorsandtrafficroutesclear. Removingthresholdsorlimitingtheirheight;improvingtheirvisibility. Providingworkerswithsuitablefootwear. Ensuringthatfloorsandtrafficroutesareappropriatemarked. Ensuringadequatelightingoffloorsandtrafficroutes. Positioningequipmentsoastoavoidcablescrossingpedestrianroutes;usingcablecoverstofixthemsecurelytosurfaces. Usinganti-slipperyandeasytocleanmaterialsonfloorsandtrafficroutes. Ensuringproperflowofliquidsfromthesurfaceoffloorsandtrafficroutes.
1. Dothefloorshaveunevenareas,loosefinishes,holes,spillsetc.? 2. Arethefloorssometimesslippery,e.g.,whentheyarewetduetocleaning,
spillingofliquids(e.g.,oil),rainormud,ordustyduetoworkprocesses? 3. Aretherethresholdsorotherchangesoflevelonthefloors? 4. Aretheretrailingcablesonthefloor? 5. Canworkersfallorslipduetounsuitablefootwear? 6. Arethefloorskepttidy? 7. Arethereanyobstructionsandobjects(excludingthosewhichcannotberemoved)
leftlyingaroundinworkareas? 8. Areobstructionsthatcannotberemovedmarked? 9. Arealltrafficroutesappropriatelymarked? 10. Isthelightingoffloorsandtrafficroutesappropriate?
hazard: UNeveN or slippery flat sUrfaCes
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
1. Aremeansoftransporteverusedinspiteoffailuresandmalfunctions? 2. Arethemeansoftransportandworkequipmentforloading/unloading
(e.g.,vehicles,hoists,liftingplatforms)everoverloaded? 3. Aretransportroutesfreeofobstructions? 4. Isthefieldofvisionontransportroutesreduced? 5. Arethemeansoftransporteverusedbyunauthorisedpeople? 6. Areloadsalwayssecuredproperly? 7. Isthedrivers’fieldofvisioneverreducedbybulkyloads?
part iii: ideNtifiCatioN of hazards aNd seleCtioN of preveNtive MeasUres – geNeral
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
14
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
15
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist No. 04
Carryingoutavisualcheckfordefectsbeforeworkstarts. Ensuringregulartestscarriedoutbyelectricalexperts. UsingonlyequipmentwiththeECmark. Intheeventofequipmentdamageordefects:switchingoffthepowerandpullingouttheplugimmediately
andreportingthedamage. Ensuringthatdefectsarerepairedbyanelectricalexpert. Selectingappropriatetypeofequipment(suchasIPprotectiontype,mechanicalprotection,etc.). Carryingoutworkaccordingtoinstructions. De-energisinglines. Limitingtheworkareasofhoistingequipment. Checkingelectricalequipmentbeforeitisusedafterrepairs,andonaregularbasis. Usingearthwires.
hazard: eleCtriCal iNstallatioNs aNd eqUipMeNt
Ensuringthatmachinesareoperatedbytrainedandauthorisedworkers. Ensuringthatallproperguardsareinplaceandthattheywork. Usingpostersandsignstoremindworkersoftheneedtouseguards. Ensuringthatthatallnecessaryguardsareinplacebeforestartinganymachine. Ensuringthatareasaroundmachinesareclean,tidy,andfreeofobstructions. Ensuringsufficientspacetoalloweasymovementofworkers. Providingappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment. Ensuringadequatelightingonmachinesandaroundmachines. Implementingaclearsystemofwarninginformationtopreventdefectivemachinesbeingstartedaccidentally. Ensuringthatmachinesaremaintainedandthatdefectsrepairedpromptly. Ensuringthatthereissufficientspacebetweenthemovingpartsofamachineandfixedpartsnearthemachine.
Checklist No. 03 hazard: MoviNg parts of MaChiNes
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
1. Arethereanyhazardousmovingpartsinthemachines(includingauxiliaryparts)withoutsafeguards?
2. Domachinesafeguardssufficientlypreventworkers‘hands,arms,orotherpartsofthebodyfromcontactwithdangerousmovingparts?
3. Areallmachineguardssecuredfirmlyandnoteasilyremovable? 4. Cananobjectfallontothemovingpartsofamachine? 5. Dosafeguardsmaketheoperationofamachineinconvenientormoredifficult? 6. Canamachinebeoiledwithoutremovingthesafeguard? 7. Isitpossibletoremovesafeguardswithoutstoppingdangerousmovements? 8. Arethereanyunguardedgears,sprockets,pulleys,orflywheels? 9. Arethereanyexposedbeltsorchaindrives? 10. Arethereanyexposedsetscrews,keyways,collars,etc.? 11. IsiteasyforanoperatortoreachON/OFFcontrols? 12. Isthereonecontrolformorethanoneoperator?
1. Areyousurethatsafetydevicesandswitchesareinplaceandthattheywork? 2. Isthereanydamagedinsulationonlines(e.g.,kinksorexposedwires)? 3. Isthereanydamagedelectricalequipmenthousing,orhousingnotprotected
againstunauthorisedapproach? 4. IsthereanyelectricalequipmenthousingwithoutsignIEC–60417-5036
(ablackthunderboltonayellowbackgroundwithinablacktriangle)? 5. Arethereanydamagedplugsorsockets? 6. Isitpossibletouseelectricalequipmentinanimproperway? 7. Isitpossibletousedampelectricalequipmentortouseelectricalequipment
withwethandsorindampclothing? 8. Isitpossibletoworkindangerousproximitytoelectricalsystems? 9. Arethereanylivepartsnearworkareas? 10. Arethereanyexposedconductivepartsnotconnectedtotheearthingsystem? 11. Arethereanyelectrostaticcharges(suchaswhenrefuelling)?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
16
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
17
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist No. 05
Appropriatestoringofcombustibleorflammablesubstances(e.g.,notexceedingmaximumstoragetemperatures). Segregatingcombustibleandflammablesubstances. Preventingoreliminatingsourcesofignition(includingprohibitionofsmoking). ProvidingMaterialSafetyDataSheetsforallflammablesubstances. Cordoningoffanydangerareas. Makingsurethatappropriatepermissionsforworkwiththeuseofanopenflameareinplace. Providingfireextinguishers(tobeselecteddependingonthecombustiblematerialandthesizeoftheworkplace). Ensuringthatelectricalequipmentischeckedregularly. Ensuringappropriatechoiceoffire-fightingequipment. Checkingandservicingfire-fightingequipmentregularly. Installingfirealarmequipment. Markingescapeandrescueroutes,keepingescapeandrescueroutesclean. Ensuringtrainingforemployees. Carryingoutemergencydrills
add yoUr Notes
hazard: fire
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
1. Areoxidisingorflammablesubstances,suchaspaint,finishes,adhesives,andsolventsused?
2. Areoxidisingandflammablesubstancesstoredinventilatedrooms? 3. AreMaterialSafetyDataSheetsavailableforalldangerouschemicalsused? 4. Arethereanysourcesofignition(e.g.,openfire,electricalequipment,
electrostaticcharges,orhightemperature)? 5. Arefire-hazardareasappropriatelysigned? 6. Areemployeeswhousecombustibleorflammablesubstancesregularlyinformed
aboutthedangerouspropertiesofthesechemicals? 7. Isfire-fightingequipmentinplaceandisitsuitable? 8. Isfire-fightingequipmentserviceableandservicedregularly? 9. Isfire-fightingequipmenteasilyaccessible? 10. Arethereemergencyandescapeplans? 11. Areescaperoutesmarked? 12. Aretherefirealarms? 13. Arefire-fightingandalarmdrillscarriedout? 14. Isfire-fightingtrainingprovided?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
18
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
19
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Usingventilationandmonitoringconcentrations. ProvidingMaterialSafetyDataSheetsforallexplosivechemicalsubstances. Preventingoreliminatingsourcesofignition. Keepingsubstanceswhichcanformexposablemixtureswithairawayfromopenflames,
electricalequipment,sparks,etc. Keepingstoredquantitiestoaminimum. Followinginstructionsnottostorecertainproductstogether. Avoidingcontaminationandnotputtingquantitiesofaproducttakenfromanoriginalcontainerbackintoit. Cordoningoffanydangerexplosiveareas. Markinganyexplosiveareas. Makingsurethatappropriatepermissionsforworkwiththeuseofanopenflameareinplace. Markingescapeandrescueroutesandkeepingthemfreefromobstacles. Trainingemployees. Carryingoutemergencydrills.
Checklist No. 06 hazard: explosioN
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
1. Areanyexplosivesubstanceused? 2. AreMaterialSafetyDataSheetsavailableforallexplosivechemicalsused? 3. Areexplosivechemicalsproperlylabelled? 4. Areexplosivemixturesproducedinworkprocesses(e.g.,airandgases–
hydrogenormethane,airandvapourofbenzeneoracetone,airandwooddust)? 5. Arethereanyareaswherethereisariskofexplosion(e.g.,roomsinwhichpaints
orsolvents,flammableliquidsorgasesarestored)? 6. Arethereanyareaswherethereisariskofexplosionasaresultofcontaminationwithflammable
substances,increasedstoragetemperatures,orexcessivequantitiesofproductsbeingstored? 7. Aregasinstallationsclosedandregularlychecked? 8. Istheelectricalequipmentusedinexplosiveareasproperlyselected? 9. Arethereanyfiresourcesinexplosiveareas? 10. Arethereanyhightemperaturesourcesinexplosiveareas? 11. Arethereanyelectrostaticfieldsinexplosiveareas? 12. Isaventilationsysteminplaceandisitregularlychecked? 13. Areexplosion-hazardareasmarked? 14. Istheconcentrationofexplosivesubstancesinexplosiveareascontinuouslymonitored? 15. Aremonitoringdevicesregularlychecked? 16. Areemployeeswhouseexplosivesubstancesorpreparationsregularlyinformedaboutthe
dangerouspropertiesofthesechemicals?
add yoUr Notes
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
20
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
21
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Substitutingverytoxicbylesstoxicsubstances. Eliminationofcarcinogenicandmutagenicsubstances,ifpossible. Usingautomatedsystemsforapplyinghazardouschemicalsubstances. ProvidingMaterialSafetyDataSheetsforallhazardouschemicalsubstances. Ensuringthatallhazardouschemicalsubstancesareproperlylabelled. Ensuringthatallhazardouschemicalsubstancesareproperlyhandled. Segregatingcombustibleandflammablehazardouschemicalsubstancesfromoneanother. Ensuringthattheconcentrationsofhazardouschemicalsubstancesaremeasuredandmonitored. Installingappropriatecollectiveprotectionequipment. Ensuringthatworkersareequippedwithpersonalprotectiveequipment. Providingcontinuouslocalexhaustventilationatallworkplaceswheretheconcentrationofchemicalsubstances
exceedsMaximumAdmissibleConcentration(exhaustsystemsfor,e.g.,spraying,painting,orcoating). Carryingoutregulartechnicalchecksoftheequipmentusedwithchemicals. Inspectingandcleaningexhaustventilationsystemsonaregularbasistomaintainmaximumefficiency. Ensuringregularmedicalexaminationsforworkersexposedtohazardouschemicalsubstances,
especiallytocarcinogenicormutagenicones. Regulartrainingofworkersaboutriskposedbyhazardouschemicalsubstancesandsafeworkwiththem.
Checklist No. 07 hazard: CheMiCal sUbstaNCes
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
1. Arehazardouschemicalsubstances(classifiedasverytoxic,toxic,harmful,corrosive,irritant,sensitising,carcinogenic,mutagenic,toxictoreproduction,explosive,oxidising,extremelyflammable,highlyflammable,orflammable)used?
2. AreMaterialSafetyDataSheetsavailableforallthehazardouschemicalsthatareused? 3. Areallhazardouschemicalsproperlylabelled? 4. Areallhazardouschemicalsproperlyhandled? 5. Arealltheworkerswhousehazardouschemicalsubstancesregularlyinformedaboutthe
dangerouspropertiesofthesechemicals? 6. Doyoungworkersorpregnantwomenhavecontactwithcarcinogenicor
mutagenicsubstances? 7. Doyouensuremeasurementsoftheconcentration(inworkplaceair)ofsubstances
forwhichMaximumAdmissibleConcentrationshavebeenestablished? 8. Aretheconcentrationsofchemicalsubstancesinworkplaceairlowerthan
MaximumAdmissibleConcentrations? 9. Iscollectiveprotectiveequipment(generalventilationandlocalventilationsystems)
forallworkplaceswherechemicalsareusedprovided? 10. Areventilationsystemscheckedregularly? 11. Ispersonalprotectiveequipment(gloves,gogglesorfaceshields,respirators)
forworkerswhousechemicalsprovided? 12. Areregularmedicalexaminationsforworkersexposedtohazardouschemical
substancesorpreparationsprovided? 13. Areworkersexposedtocarcinogenicsubstancesunderspecialmedicalcare? 14. Arealltheworkerstrainedintheproperwayofusingandhandlinghazardous
chemicalsubstancesorpreparations?
add yoUr Notes
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
22
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
23
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist No. 09
Determiningworkers’personalexposuretovibration;checkingcompliancewiththelimitsestablishedbylaw. Isolatingtheworkplace(seats,floors)fromvibration. Avoidingequipmentandtoolswhichgeneratevibration. Reducingtimespentworkingwithequipmentgeneratingvibration. Usingtherighttools(equippedwithinsulatedorlow-impacthandgrips,etc.)
andensuringthattheyareproperlymaintained. Followingtheinstructionsforuseofequipmentandtools. Ensuringappropriatetrainingandinformation. Providingprotectiveglovestoensureprotectionfromhand-armvibration. Ensuringthatprotectiveglovesareusedandproperlymaintained. Keepingwarmatwork,especiallywarmhands;doinghandexercises. Providingprotectiveclothingnecessarytokeepworkerswarmanddry. Ensuringregularmedicalexaminations.
hazard: vibratioNChecklist No. 08
Determiningworkers’exposure;checkingcompliancewiththelimitsestablishedinlegalrequirements. Introducingengineeringcontrolswhichcanreducenoiseemission(e.g.,isolatingvibratingmachinery
orcomponentsfromtheirsurroundings,fittingairexhaustswithsilencers). Positioningsourcesofnoisefurtherawayfromworkers. Limitingtimespentinnoisyareas. Mountingenclosuresaroundmachinestoreducenoiseemission. Introducingbarriersorscreenstoblockthedirectpathofsound. Identifyingearprotectionzonesandmarkingthemwithsignsshowingthathearingprotectionmustbeworn. Providingappropriatehearingprotection(inconsultationwithemployeesortheirrepresentatives). Ensuringthathearingprotectionisused. Ensuringthathearingprotectionworkseffectivelyandisproperlymaintained. Providinginformation,instruction,andtraining. Ensuringregularhearingchecksforallworkersexposedtohighlevelnoise.
hazard: Noise
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
1. Canhighnoiselevelsariseasaresultofworkprocesses(e.g.,metal-on-metalimpact,engines)?
2. Canhighnoiselevelsariseasaresultofambientnoisewhichpenetratesbuildings? 3. Canoperatingnoisemaskalarmsignals? 4. Isthenoisesoloudthatyouwouldhavetoraiseyourvoicetotalktopeopleatyourworkplace? 5. Doyouunintentionallyraiseyourvoicewhenyoutalktopeopleafterleavingyourworkplace?
1. Isworkdone(oftenoroverlongperiods)inconditionsinwhichclearlyperceptiblevibrationscanbefeltwhenstandingorsitting?
2. Isworkdone(oftenoroverlongperiods)usinghand-heldpowertoolsandequipmentwhichcangeneratevibration?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
24
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
25
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Periodicmeasurementsoflightingandlightinguniformityinthetaskareaandthesurroundingareaattheworkplace. Periodicmeasurementsoflightingandlightinguniformityincirculationareas,corridors,stairs,etc. Compliancewiththelightingdesigner’smaintenanceprogramme,includingfrequencyoflampreplacement,
roomcleaningintervals,andcleaningmethods. Compliancewiththeprinciplesoflightingdesignsuchasworkplacearrangements,typeandspecificationsof
lamps(power,lightcolour,andcolourrenderingfactor),andsurfacefinishes(reflectance,colour,matt,orglossy). Usingadditionallocalorlocalisedlightingattheworkplacewherehighlevelsoflightingarerequired. Usingmoreindirectlightingandlocallightingtoeliminateshadowsinthetaskarea. Avoidingglossysurfacesattheworkplace(tables,otherfurniture,etc.). Avoidingtheflickerandstroboscopiceffect. Periodicuseofachecklistorconductinginterviewswithworkersrelatedtoproblemswithlighting.
Checklist No. 10 hazard: lightiNg
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
1. Islightingattheworkplacesufficienttoperformtasksefficientlyandaccurately? 2. Aretherevisibleshadowsinthetaskareawhichmayaffectefficiencyandaccuracyofwork? 3. Isthelightingofcirculationareas,corridors,stairs,storagerooms,etc.,adequatetomove
safelyandtonoticeanyobstacles(holesintheground,objectslyingontheground,steps,slipperysurfacesorspills,theedgeofaplatform,etc.)?
4. Canbrightsources/surfacesimpairworkers’visionofobjects? 5. Arethereanycomplaintsfromworkersrelatedtopoorvisibility,glare,orunsuitable
lightingattheworkplace? 6. Arethereexcessivecontrastsinthefieldofvisionwhichcanresultinfatigue
orconstantre-adaptationoftheeyes? 7. Arethereveilingreflectionsintheworkarea(directreflectionsfrompolished,shiny,
orglossysurfaces)whichaltertaskvisibility? 8. Aretherelargespatialvariationsinlightingaroundtheworkareawhichmaylead
tovisualstress? 9. Arethecoloursofobjectsandofskin,intheworkenvironment,renderednaturally
underexistingartificiallighting? 10. Aresafetycoloursrecognisableunderexistingartificiallighting? 11. Canworkersseetheflickeroflight? 12. Isrotatingmachineryperceivedasmotionlessduringitsnormalworkunderexisting
artificiallighting(i.e.,thereisthestroboscopiceffect)?
add yoUr Notes
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
26
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
27
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist No. 11 hazard: stress at work
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
JobdemandsDoemployeesusuallyoroccasionallyworkunderhighpressure(fastpaceofwork,tightdeadlines)? Doemployeesusuallyoroccasionallyworklonghours? Istheworkloadusuallyoroccasionallyveryhigh? Isthereabalancebetweenphysicalandmentaljobdemandsandworkers’abilities? Isthejobmonotonous? Aretherephysicalrisks(noise,temperature,chemicals,etc.)? Areworkersclearaboutwhattheirdutiesare? Doworkershaveconflictingdemands? Areworkerssociallyisolatedwhendoingtheirjob? JobcontrolDoworkershaveinfluenceoverthemethodstheyemploytodotheirjob? Doworkershaveinfluenceoverthecontentoftheirwork? Doworkershavethepossibilitytoplantheirwork,maketheirowndecisionsandtakeresponsibility? Isthejobsplitintosomanytasksthatworkersmayhavelittlesenseofownershipofthefinalproduct? Isthescheduleofshiftsplannedinadvance? Isthescheduleofshiftsplannedinconsultationwithworkers? Areworkinghoursinflexible? socialclimateIsthereapoorsocialclimateintheworkplace? Istherepoorcooperationbetweendifferentgroupsofworkers(e.g.,differentdepartments)? Arethereinterpersonalconflictsorconflictsamonggroupsofworkers? Areworkissuesandproblemsbetweenworkersandmanagersleftundiscussed? Doworkerscompetestronglywitheachother? Doesbullyingorharassmentoccur? Isthereariskofviolencetoworkersfrommembersofthepublic(verbalabuse,threatsorphysicalattacks?)
Question Yes no
supportDoworkershavethesupportoftheirmanagersandcolleagues? Doworkersreceivebothpositiveandnegativefeedbackconcerningtheirwork? Areworkersrecognisedandawardedfordoingtheirjobwell? Arenewworkersprovidedwithappropriateon-the-jobtrainingandsupervision? Areworkerssupportedwhenchangesareplanned,orifthereisuncertaintyaboutthefutureoftheenterpriseetc.,tominimisetheirworriesandconfusion?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
Jobdemands Ensuringthatsufficientresourcesareavailableingeneralandforpeaktimes. Structuringoperationstoavoidpeakworkloadsorbottlenecksasfaraspossible. Warningaboutproductionplansandpeakperiodsinadvance. Monitoringofworkloadandsystematicallycheckinghowpeoplemanage,physicallyandpsychologically,
whentheworkloadisveryhigh. Keepingovertimetoaminimumandagreeingformsofcompensationafterperiodswithveryhighworkload. Ensuringthatworkersareskilledenoughtodotheirjob. Ensuringthatthereisabalancebetweenworkers’abilitiesandworkdemands,andthattheyareneither
over-orunder-loaded. Providingworkerswithsystematictrainingandsupportsotheycanmanagetocarryouttheirtasks. Encouragingworkerstodeveloptheirskillscontinuously. Spreadingthescopeofthetaskstoincreasejobvariety.Introducingajobortaskrotationscheme. Ensuringworkplacerisksareassessedandprevented. Definingemployees’roles,functionsandresponsibilitiesclearlyanddistinctly. Organisingworkinawaythatallowsemployeestoworkwithatleastonecolleague.Facilitateworkers’social
interactioninsideandoutsidework,e.g.,providinganinformalmeetingroom,organisingsocialevents.
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
28
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
29
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
add yoUr Notes
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
Jobcontrol Consultingemployeesandtheirrepresentativesabouttheorganisation,contentandamountofwork. Delegatingresponsibilityandproblemsolvingtoemployees;trustingworkers’skillsandcompetencies. Monitoringworkers’jobsatisfaction. Increasingasenseofemployees’ownershipoftheirwork,e.g.bystressingthe“widerpoint”oftheirjob,
makingtheirimpactandcontributiontothefinalproductorservicemorevisible. Planningandinformingworkersaboutthescheduleofshiftsinadvance. Consultingworkers’onthescheduleofshifts,ifpossibleadjustingworkingtimetoworkers’ownneeds.
Givingthemsomecontroloverplanningtheirownshifts. Introducingflexibleworkinghoursandfamily-friendlymeasures.
socialclimate Developingandimplementingconflictresolutionmeasuresataworkplace. Conveningameetinganddiscussingtheexistingproblemsamongworkers.Encouragetheworkersthemselves
toidentifythesourceoftheproblemsandfindsolutions. Ensuringthatgroupsorteamshavetherightmake-up. Providingtraininginhowtodealwithinterpersonalconflicts.Ensuringespeciallythatmanagersareproperly
trainedandskilledtomanagepeople. Promotingacultureofrespect. Ensuringthatvulnerableemployees(suchasyoungworkers)areprotected,e.g.bymentoringorsupervisors’support. Developingandimplementingananti-bullyingpolicy. Designingworkspacesinawaywhichprotectsworkersfromviolence(e.g.specialbarriers,monitoringsystem). Avoidingloneworking. Haveapolicyonhowtodealwithviolencetostaff,andhaveitclearlydisplayedtomembersofthepublic(indicating
thatitwillnotbetolerated,andhowtheorganisationwilldealwithattacksonstaff). Havinganeffectivecommunicationsystemsothatinformationaboutincidentsandpossibleproblemswithviolence
getspassedon. Trainingworkersinwhattodoifaviolentsituationoccurs(recognising,diffusing,obtaininghelp,reportingetc.)
support Trainingmanagersingivingconstructivefeedback,praisingandsupportingtheirsubordinates. Implementingspecialon-the-jobtrainingfornewemployees;usingexperiencedstafftoinstruct,supervise
andmentornewstaff. Communicatingclearlyandopenlyaboutallplannedchanges(includingredundancies)withstaffandtheir
representatives(before,duringandafterchanges). Givingstafftheopportunitytodiscussandinfluencechange. Providingredundantworkerswithspecialtrainingandprofessionalcounsellingconcerningtheirfuturecareers.
30
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
31
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist office work
part iv: ideNtifiCatioN of hazards aNd seleCtioN of preveNtive MeasUres – for speCifiC seCtors aNd work
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
workplaceenvironmentIstherefloorcoveringsuitable(withoutholesorobstacles)? Ismicroclimateappropriate(temperature,sunradiation,humidity,andairflow,(e.g.,accordingtonationalregulations,experts,orstaffconsultation)? Isthesizeoftheroomappropriateforthenumberofemployeesworkinginit(e.g.,accordingtonationallegalregulations)? Doestheroomhavenaturallighting? InthecaseofworkwithVideoDisplayUnits(VDUs),arethewindowsequippedwithshades,parasols,orcurtainswhichcaneliminate(orminimise)lightfallingontothescreen? Dolightsources,windowsanddoors,varnishedfurniture,orwallscausereflectionsoncomputerscreens? Doesnoisedisturbattentionandverbalcommunication? Dowiresandcableshinderemployeesintheirfreemovementsorposeadangeroftripping? Doemployeeshavesufficientspacetoaltertheirposture? Isthebuildingproperlycleanedandmaintained? Isfirstaidequipmentavailableandispersonneltrainedinusingit? Areescaperoutesandemergencyexitsproperlysignedandkeptclear? videodisplaYunits(vdus)andpcsAretheimagesonVDUswell-defined,clearlyformedandofsuitablesizewithsuitablelinespacing? AretheimagesonVDUsfreefromvibration(noblurringortrembling)? Cantheusereasilyadjustthebrightnessandcontrastbetweenthecharactersandthebackground? CantheVDUsbemovedaccordingtotherequirementsoftheuser(turned,tilted,etc.)andfixedintherequiredpositions? DoesgeneralandlocallightingensuresatisfactorylightandcontrastbetweenthescreenandthebackgroundoftheVDUs? Isthedistancebetweentheeyesandthescreen50-80cm? Isthescreenfreefromreflectionsthatmaydisturbvision? Isthekeyboardseparatefromthemonitor?Iscomfortablepostureofthetrunk,arms,andhandspossible? Isthespaceinfrontofthekeyboardandthemousesufficientforsupportingtheuser‘swrists?
Question Yes no
Arethekeyboardandthemouseinthevicinityofeachother?Aretheyatthesamelevel? Isthesurfaceofthekeyboardmatttopreventreflections? Canthesymbolsonthekeysbedistinguishedeasily;canpeoplereadthemwelliftheyareinthecorrectworkingposture? workplaceeQuipmentIsthechairstable;doesitensurefreemovementandacomfortablebodyposture? Istheheightofthechaireasilyadjustable? Istheheightofthebackofthechairadjustable? Ifnecessary,isarmsupportavailable? Ifnecessary,isfootsupportavailable? Canthemostfrequentlyusedequipmentandotherobjectsattheworkplacebereachedwithoutturningtheheadandtrunk? Doestheheightofthedeskensurethemobilityofthelegs(andthighs)? Isthepage-holderadjustable;canitbefixedinapositionwhichensurescomfortablereadabilityfortheuser? softwareergonomicsDoesthesoftwaremeettherequirementsofthetask? Canthesoftwarebeadjustedtoabeginner’slevel? Isthesoftwareprovidedwithmother-tonguehelp? Doesthesoftwarepresentinformationinaformadaptedtotheuser? Doestheemployeehavesupportinthecaseofproblemswiththesoftware? workorganisationInthecaseofcontinuousworkinfrontofthescreen,isitpossibletotakesuitablebreaksorcantheemployeechangethetypeofwork? Isthereallengthofworkinfrontofthescreenshorterthan6hoursperday? Doemployees’tasksvary? Canemployeescontroltheorderinwhichtheydotheirtasks? Doemployeesfeelexcessivepressuretomeetdemandingworktargetsordeadlines? Doestheemployerensureadequateinformation,training,andconsultationpriortoestablishing,keepingup,orimprovingworkplacesinvolvingtheuseofcomputers?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
32
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
33
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist Construction
workplaceenvironment Carryingoutregularriskassessment. Consultingstaffonsuitablechangestotheworkingenvironment. Measuringandmonitoringparametersoftheenvironment. Involvingexpertswhendesigning(orrefurbishing)workplaces.
videodisplaYsunits(vdus)andpcs Ensuringthatappropriateequipmentisusedforeachtypeofworkactivity. Takingergonomicaspectsintoconsiderationwhendesigning(orrefurbishing)workplaces.
workplaceeQuipment Maintainingequipmentregularly. Rearrangingworkarea(ergonomicintervention).
person-machineinterac tion(softwareergonomics) Trainingemployeestousesoftware. Applyingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopment(softwareupdatesandenhancements).
workorganisation ProvidingemployeeswithsuitableOSHinstructions. Continuousevaluationoftheeffectivenessofpreventivemeasures. Consultingemployeesondecisionsregardingworkorganisation. Monitoringthehealtheffectsofworkinghoursandtimeschedules.
healthha zards Improvingergonomicfunctionalityofworkplaceequipment,especiallyspacerelationsbetweendesk-monitor-chair. Improvinglighting,eliminatingreflectionsandglareonVDUs. Systematicmedicalmonitoringofemployees’health(especiallyforeyesightandmusculoskeletalproblems).
32
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
Question Yes no
healthha zardsIsattentionpaidtoemployees’complaintsofproblemswiththeireyesight? Isemployees’eyesightsystematicallymonitored(asrequiredbynationallegislation)? Ifanophthalmologist‘sexaminationrevealsthatanemployees’glassesorcontactlensesarenotsuitableforworkingwithVDUs,istheemployeeprovidedwithglassesnecessaryforclearvision? Ifemployeescomplainofmusculoskeletalpain(neck,back,shoulders,legs),isanergonomicevaluationcarriedout?
Canworkersgettotheirplaceofworksafely? Isthesitefencedsothatthepubliccannotgetin? Aremeasuresinplacetoprotectmembersofthepublic(suchaspeoplepassingbythesite)? Aretrafficroutescleanedandlitwell? Arevehiclesequippedwithsirensthatbeepwhentheymovebackwards? Isthesitetidyandwelllaidout? Isthesitelitwell? Areappropriatesafetysignsinplace(e.g.,trafficroutes,authorisedpersonnel)? Areworkers’facilitiessufficient(changingrooms,washrooms,etc.)? Aretherefacilitiesfortheworkerstoeattheirmeals(canteen,etc.)? Aretherefirst-aidfacilities;ishealthsurveillanceensured? Haveworkersbeeninstructedandtrainedonsafemanualhandling? Isappropriateliftingequipmentprovidedforhandlingheavyloads? Areexistingpowerlines(buriedoroverhead)identified? Isthereasystemofworkthatdealswithliveelectriclinesinplace? Areprecautionstakentoensurethatelectricalsystemsandequipmentaremaintainedandfrequentlyinspectedbyacompetentperson? Arescaffoldserected,altered,anddismantledbycompetentpeople? Doworkerscheckscaffoldingperiodically? Doworkersusemobileladdersonlyforlightworkofshortdurationandwhenthereisnootherchoice? Doworkersknowthesafestwaytoplaceandtousemobileladders? Isthewidthoftheworkareaonthescaffoldingalwayslargerthantheminimum(60cm)? Haveliftsandhoistsbeenproperlyinstalledandcheckedbycompetentpeople? Doemployeesuseappropriateguardsorwearsafetybeltswhenworkingataheight? Aremeasuresinplacetostopworkersandobjectsfromfalling? Doallpeopleonthesitewearcorrectprotectiveequipment(e.g.,footwear,hardhat)? Aresuitableprotectivemeasuresusedtopreventortoreduceexposuretodust(e.g.,wood,cement,andsilica)? Aresuitableprotectivemeasuresusedtopreventortoreduceexposuretonoiseandvibration?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
34
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
35
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
theorganisationphase Modifyingtheworkscheduleinordertoreducerisk,iftheneedarises. Organisingtasksthatinvolvesimilarprotectiveactionstobeperformedsimultaneouslyinordertoprovidecollective
protectionmeasures. Makingsurethatallemployees,includingthosewhodonotunderstandthenationallanguagewell,arefamiliarwith
thepotentialriskatthesite,theestablishedsafetymeasures,andtheirresponsibilitieswithrespecttohealthandsafetyissues.
Providingworkerswithnecessarypersonalprotectiveequipment(hardhats,gloves,masks,safetyshoes). Keepingfirst-aidmaterialonsite.
theexecutionphase Assigningahealthandsafetycoordinatorthathastrainingonhealthandsafetyissues. Inspectingdailytheconditionofthescaffolding,beforestartinganyworkatthesite. Neverde-assemblingpartsofthescaffoldingbeforethecompletionofallwork. Ensuringthatthewidthoftheworkareaonthescaffoldingisnotshorterthan60cm. Neverclimbingonscaffolding,alwaysuseasuitableladder. Ensuringthatmobileladdersareplacedwithanappropriateslope,withthetopoftheladderabovethesurfaceonto
whichtheworkersteps. Ensuringthattherungsoftheladderarecoveredwithanti-slipperymaterial,andkeptfreefromobstacles. Neverusingasingleladderlongerthan6m. Whenascendingordescendingamobileladderalwaysfacingitandusingbothhandstoholdit.Alwaysplacing
thetoolsinanauxiliarykitwornfromthewaist,andusingliftingequipmentforthematerialstobeused. Whileworkingonamobileladderneverstretchingthebodysideways. Neverworkingonroofsinadverseweatherconditions. Placingguardswhenworkingataheight,includingroofwork. Neverwalkingonsurfacescoveredwithfragilematerial. Performingadailycheckofthemainelectricalswitchofthesite,andanyliveelectricalcableorapparatusthatisunder,
over,oronthesite.Nevercommencinganyworkbeforeacompetentpersonhasperformedthischeck. Keepingtoxicanddangerousproducts,andexplosives,undercontrolandwellsignposted. Keepingthesitetidyatalltimes. Keepingallpassagesandladdersfreeofobstacles.
thedesignphaseofaproJec t Ensuringthatsafetyandhealthareintegratedintothearchitecturaldesign. Eliminatingriskoffallsbyprovidingsuitableladdersthatwillbeusedwithanappropriateslopeandwillbeproperty
securedagainstinadvertentmovement. Designingandinstallingaccessroutestoroofs. Ensuringthateveryliftingapplianceanditemofliftinggear,includingtheirconstituentelements,attachments,
anchorages,andsupportsareofgooddesignandconstruction,properlyinstalledandused,maintainedingoodworkingorder,examinedandtestedbyacompetentpersonaccordingtonationalregulationsandoperatedbyworkerswhohavereceivedappropriatetraining.
Providingadequateandsuitablelightingateveryworkplace,staircase,andanyotherplaceontheconstructionsitewhereaworkermaypass.
Planningandperformingdemolitionactivitiesonlyunderthesupervisionofacompetentperson. Organisingappropriatedisposalofconstructionwaste. Buildingmaintenanceordemolition:takingallprecautionsinthecaseofworkwithasbestos. Providinganappropriatenumberofsanitaryandwashingfacilities,areasforeatingandfortakingshelterduring
aninterruptionofworkduetoadverseweather.
Isworkequipmentandmachinerymaintainedinasafecondition? Dothemachines’safetydevices(i.e.,soundsignals,guards)work? Istheequipmentfortheprotectionofexcavationsusedtominimisetheriskofcollapse? Arevehicleandplantoperatorssuitablytrained? Doallemployeesgetinformationaboutpotentialriskandtheestablishedpreventivemeasuresinalanguageandatalevelthattheyunderstand?
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
36
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
37
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
workeQuipment Ensuringregularandconsistentsupervisionofworkers,inspectionofmanufacturingequipment,andworkplaces. Installingsuitableguards;ensuringthatspecificpiecesofequipment(mixers,cuttingmachines,etc.)areequipped
withguards. Usingcorrectpersonalprotectiveequipment. Providingregulartrainingorientedtowardsriskspecifictothissector. Trainingworkersintheproperuseandmaintenanceofmachinesandequipment;allowingonlytrainedworkers
tooperateequipment. Ensuringthatworkersusespecificpiecesofequipmentinaccordancewithsafeprocedures. Maintainingmaintenanceandcleaningofallpiecesofequipmentregularly. Ensuringclassificationofhazardouspiecesofequipment. Nevercleaningandmaintainingmachinesconnectedtothepowersource.
chemicalandbiologicalha zards Usingcorrectpersonalprotectiveequipmentwhenworkingwithchemicals(gloves,safetyglasses,faceshields,respirators). Ensuringthepropermarkingofareasofchemicalpreparationstorage,complyingwithlocalworkingregulations,
includinginstructionsformaterialhandlingforstorageareasandprocessequipment. Notenteringtanks,cisterns,orreservoirswithoutthepresenceofanotherperson. Familiarisingworkerswiththeeffectsofchemicals,withprotectionagainsttheireffects,andprovidingfirstaid. Ensuringemployees‘healthcheck-upsinconnectionwithspecificrequirementsoftheworkplace(medicalassessment).
explosions Assessingthesafetyofcoolingandpressureequipment;inspectingmachinesandequipmentregularly. Payingspecialattentiontothecleaningandmaintenanceofmachinesandequipmentindustyairwherethereis
anexplosionrisk.airQualit Y
Ifatmosphereispollutedattheworkplace,installing,inspecting,andmaintainingaventilationsystem. Equippingfanslocatedinthevicinityofmachineoperatorswithbladecovers. Monitoringthequalityofworkplaceair.
healthrisk Keepingallnecessaryhygienicstandards. Providingregularinformationandtrainingforworkers. Providingregularmedicalexaminationsforworkers. Providingsafetybreaksandanappropriatework-restschedule.
Checklist food processing
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
workeQuipmentAresharptoolsused(cutters,knives,axes,etc.)? Areallmachinesequippedwithguards? Isworkperformedonaproductionline(riskofbeingdrawnintoit,cuttingoneself,amputation,etc.)? Couldworkers’clothingbecaughtbetweenmovablepartsofmachinescausinginjury? Arestackersused? Areworkersincontactwithhotorfrozenmaterialsand/orequipment? Aremachinescleanedandmaintainedwhenconnectedtothepowersource? chemicalandbiologicalha zardsIsammoniaoranotherchemicalusedforcooling? Isenteringclosedtanks,cisterns,and/orreservoirsnecessary(e.g.,duringinspection,maintenance)? Areworkersindirectcontactwithrawmaterialsand/ormaterialsofanimalorplantorigin(biol.hazards)? explosionsIsthereairborne/settleddust(e.g.,flour)intheworkingenvironment? Aretherepressuredevicesattheworkplace? airQualit YAreworkersexposedtobadsmell/odour? Arefanswithoutbladecoversused? Areadequaterespiratorsfortheprotectionofworkers‘respiratorysystemused? healthriskAreworkersexposedtoahotand/oracoldenvironment? Doworkerscarryloadsorworkintiringpostures? Doemployeesworkatamonotonousorforcedpace? Doemployeesworknightshifts?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
38
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
39
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
38
workeQuipment Ensuringthatoperatorandmachineareequippedwithsafetyaccessoriessuitableforthehazardsofthejob. Usingequipmentaccordingtomanufacturer’sinformationandmanual. Carryingoutregulartechnicalchecksofequipment. Installingappropriateguards. Trainingworkersonoperatingandmaintainingequipment. Ensuringthatwoodworkequipmentandguardsaremaintainedandregularlycleaned. Allowingonlytrainedandauthorisedworkerstooperateandmaintainequipment.
elec tricalha zards Groundingallmachines,includingmotorandframe. Regularlycheckingallelectricalinstallations.
airQualit Y Providingcontinuouslocalexhaustventilationonallwoodworkingmachinesandindependentexhaustsystemsfor
spraying,paintingorcoatingwork. Regularmanualcleaningoftheworkshop. Inspectingandcleaningtheexhaustventilationsystemonaregularbasistomaintainmaximumefficiency. Neverpermittingblow-downofaccumulateddustwithcompressedair.
chemicals Substitutingsolvent-basedcoatingsandadhesiveswithcoatingsandadhesivesthatarelessornon-toxic. Usingautomatedsystemsforapplyingcoatingsandadhesives. Trainingworkersinsafeworkwithdangerouschemicals.
noiseandvibrations Reducingnoiselevelsonmachineswithdifferentmeasures(sourcecontrol). Reducingnoiselevelsbyisolating,blocking,divertingandabsorbing(pathcontrol). Usingvibrationisolatorsordumpingtechniquesonequipment. Restrictingthenumberofhoursaworkerusesavibratingtool. Allowemployeestotake10-to15-minutebreaksfromthesourceofvibrationeveryhour.
healthrisk Educatingworkersregularlyaboutriskatworkandabouthealthylifestyle. Examiningworkersperiodicallywithregardtorisktotheirhealthattheirworkplace. Providingsafetybreaksandanappropriatework-restschedule.
Checklist woodworking
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
workeQuipmentAreallmachinesequippedwithguards? Areinstructionsforsafeworkingpracticeavailable? Areworkerstrainedtousethemachines? Areinspectionsandexaminationsofworkequipmentconductedregularly? Doworkersusepushstickstoguideshortornarrowpiecesofstockthroughsaws? Isitpossibleforaworker’sclothingtobecaughtinmovingpartsandcausehim/herharm? elec tricalha zardsAreelectricallydrivenmachinesgrounded? Areallelectricalcords,cablesandplugskeptingoodcondition? Arealloutlets,junctions,switchesandfittingscovered? Isequipmentwithahazardclassificationproperlyratedfortheworkingenvironment? airQualit YIsthereanat-sourceexhaustsystemforwoodworkingmachines,activatedautomaticallywhenthemachinesareused? Areexhaustinstallationscheckedregularly? Areceilings,partitionwallsandcableductscleanedandde-dusted? Isthequalityofworkplaceairevaluated? Doworkersusearespiratorwhentheyworkinspraybooths? chemicalsAreallworkerswhousedangerouschemicalsregularlytrained? Doworkersusepersonalprotectiveequipmentwhentheyusechemicals(gloves,gogglesorfaceshields,respirators)? Arechemicalskeptawayfromfiresources? noiseandvibrationsArenoiselevelsevaluateattheworkplace? Doworkersexposedtohighlevelofnoiseusehearingprotection? Arevibrationswhichmighttransmitfromthemachinethroughtheworkpiecetotheworker’sarmavoided? healthriskArespecialmedicalexaminationsforstafforganised? Areworkersexposedtohighlevelofnoisesentforperiodicalaudiometrictests? Areworkerstrainedintheproperwayofliftingandcarryingloads? Doyoutrytomeetworkers’specialneedswhenyouarrangetheirworkplace(ergonomics)?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
40
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
41
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
40
Maintainingflatsurfaces,floor,inspectionpit,etc.,safeandnon-slippery;cleaningworkarearegularly. Cleaningthoroughlyaftergrinding,painting,etc. Usingappropriatematerial(non-absorbingliquidsubstances)forflatsurfaces. Usingcorrectprocedureswhenpouringoilfromastoragebarrelandcollectingusedoilintoappropriatebarrel;
cleaningoiloffthefloor. Wearingprotectivenon-slippingshoes. Coveringthestepsintotheinspectionpitwithnon-slippingmaterial. Neversteppingonbraketestercylinders.Notstayingclosetothediagnosticpathduringabraketest. Neversteppingunderraisedvehicles. Neversteppingintoaclosedinspectionpitinaservicestation. Keepinginspectionpitsinservicestationcoveredafterwork. Keepingelectrical,hydraulicandpneumaticlinesoutofpeople’sway. Indicatingfixedplacesforworkingtools,tobeusedduringworkandafterwork. Marking(e.g.,onthefloor)waysforcarsandtransportroutes. Ensuringcorrectcontrolandplacementofliftingmechanismarms;notputtinghandsintomovingparts. Ensuringthatallactivitiesareperformedbywell-trainedstaff;respectingallrequiredsafetyprocedures. Usingonlyrecommendedsafetoolsforworkwithbatteries. Ensuringproperventilationtoavoidcreationofexplosivemixturesofvariousvapoursandliquids.Neversmoking
indangerousareas. Protectingallelectricalequipmentfromhumidity,moistureandwater. Providingworkerswithnecessarypersonalprotectiveequipment(gloves,masks,safetyshoes). Usingeffectiveventilationandexhaustsystemstoeliminatehazardousvapoursorfumes;wherethesearenotfully
effective,usingappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment. Installingsuitablelightingintheinspectionpit. Equippingallworkareaswithheating/coolingdevicestoobtainsuitableworkingconditions. Performingregularmedicalexaminations.
Checklist Car repair
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
Question Yes no
Areflatsurfaces(floor,inspectionpit,etc.)regularlycleaned? Areemployeesobligedtocleantheworkplace? Areflatsurfaces(floor,inspectionpitinservicestation,etc.)paintresistantfromsubstancesthatareused(e.g.,oil,diesel,petrol)? Istheoilused(oldandnew)collectedinappropriatecontainers? Arethestepstotheinspectionpitmadefromnon-slippingmaterial? Doworkerswearnon-slippingshoes? Arethereguardrailsatfreeedgesofplatforms? Areemployeestoldnottosteponbraketestercylinders? Areemployeestoldnottostepunderraisedvehicles? Istheinspectionpitsafelycoveredafterwork? Istheinspectionpitsuitablymarkedorsurroundedwithhandrailstopreventpeoplefromfallingdown? Doanyemployeesworkinnarrowareas? Areacousticandothersignalsrecognisableinnarrowworkareas(e.g.,measuringapparatus)? Isthereafixedplaceforworkingtools? Aretheremarked(e.g.,onthefloor)waysforcarstoentertheservicestation? Aretheresafeinstructionsforenteringandleavingcarsfromthediagnosticpath? Aretheremeasuresimplementedtoavoidinjurieswhileworkingonbodywork(e.g.,welding,grinding,painting)? Aretheredefinedsafetyrulesforassemblywork(e.g.,bodywork,engine)? Aretheredefinedsafetyrulesforworkwithpetroltanks(e.g.,repairing)? Aretheredefinedsaferoutingsormeasurestoavoidfallingpartsfromavehicle(e.g.,whenacarislifted)? Arethereprotectiveguardstoeliminatecontactofworkerswithrotatingparts(e.g.,whenbalancingadynamicwheel)? Aremeasuresimplementedtoavoidworkersbeingcaughtbyrotatingparts(e.g.,whenanenginesetup)? Isthereapossibilitytofixthegaragegatetoavoidinvoluntaryclosing(e.g.,duetostrongwindswhilecarsarebeingdriveninorout)? Arethereorganisationalandtechnicalmeasurestoavoidfireandheatwhen,e.g.,acarisinaroomwhenpaintisdrying? Arethereinstructionstoavoidfireintheroominwhichbatteriesarestored? Aretheremeasuresimplementedtoavoidexplosionwhenbatteriesarecharged? Aretheremeasuresinplacetoprotectelectricalequipmentfromwater?
Aresuitableprotectivemeasuresbeingusedtopreventorreduceexposuretodustandothersmallparts(e.g.,duringgrinding,welding,painting)? Isthelightingintheinspectionpitsuitableforperformingvisualtasks? Isthetemperatureintheservicestationsuitableforworkinduringbothwinterandsummer? Istheresufficientventilationtoworkintheinspectionpit(e.g.,welding,grinding)? Doworkershavesuitablecapabilitiesandskillstoperformtheirwork?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
42
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
43
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist agriculture
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
machinerYandworkeQuipmentAreworkerstrainedinoperatingsafelythemachinesandworkequipmenttheyuse? AreallguardsofPTOdriveshaftsandotherguardsofmachineryandworkequipmentinplaceandingoodcondition? AretherealwaysTWOindependentmeansforkeepingraisedequipmentupwhenworkingunderit? Aretheremeansforsafechangingoftractorwheelsavailableandused? Isthecircularsawforwoodworkingequippedwithrivingknivesandsafetyapplianceslikeapushstickorapushblock? Isweldingequipmentfittedwithallnecessarysafetymeansandisitproperlymaintained? Issuitablepersonalprotectiveequipmentusedwhenworkingwithachainsaw(e.g.,protectivetrousers,boots,glovesandhelmetswithvisorsandearprotectors)? Areinstructionsforsafeworkingpracticeavailable? Isworkingequipmentregularlyinspected? transportandmovingmachinesArealloperatorsofvehicles,fork-lifttrucksortelescopicmaterialhandlersformallytrainedandcertifiedinthesafeoperationofthemachinestheyuse? Areforklifttrucks,telescopichandlersandtheirattachmentsregularlyexaminedbyacompetentinstitution? Isthefarmyardorganisedforsafemovementofvehicles? Aretractorservicebrakesandhandbrakesmaintainedandcheckedregularly? Aretrailerbrakeseffectiveandcantheybeoperatedfromthetractorseat? Aredrawbarringsandpick-uphitchunitscheckedregularlyforwear? Areseatbeltsinstalledandfastenedifamachinemightturnover? Areoldtractorsfittedwitharollbarorasafetycab? Areoldcabsorrollbarscheckedforrustandstrength? Areheadlights,indicators,brakesandtaillightsfunctioning? Arewingmirrorsinplace,maintainedandkeptcleanonallself-propelledmachines? Isthereasafesystemofworkinplaceforoperationsincloseproximitytooverheadpowerlines(OHPLs)?
heightIsthereasafesystemofworkataheight(buildings,machinery,equipment,reservoirs,etc.)? Areallladdersreliable,suitableforheavyworkandaretheysafelystoredwhennotinuse? Areprecautionstakentoensureladderstabilitywhenusingittoworkataheight? Havesaferalternativestoaladderforaccesstoheightsbeenconsidered? Arebalestackssafelypositioned,constructedandde-stacked? pesticidesAreallpesticidescorrectlystored? Areallworkerswhoworkwithpesticidesregularlytrained? Hasriskfrompesticidestothehealthofworkersandotherpeoplebeenassessedandhavecontrolsbeenimplemented? Isproperpersonalprotectiveequipmentusedwhenworkingwithpesticides? Arepesticidesusedinasafewayfortheenvironment? childrenArechildrenpreventedfromgainingaccesstodangerousplaces(workingactivities,apathofmovingvehicles,height,liquidstorage,dangerousanimals,etc.)? Hastheriskofchildrencausingfirebeenminimised? Arechildrenwarnedaboutdanger? Arerequirementsforyoungpeoplewhoworkcompliedwith? animalsHaveproperenclosuresforkeepingdangerousanimals(e.g.,bulls,pigs,horses,dogs)beeninstalled? Areenclosureskeptingoodconditionanddotheypreventaccesstoanimals? Arepropermeansforanimalhandlingandguidanceusedwhenworkingwithanimals? Arepropermeansforanimaltransportationavailableandingoodcondition? biologicalha zardsArethereanysourcesofhazardousbiologicalagentsatyourfarm(plants,animalsandsubstancesofanimalorigin,organicdust,waste,etc.)? Hastheriskofcontactwithhazardousbiologicalagentsbeencontrolledorreduced? Isthereasafesystemofworkwithhazardousbiologicalagents?
Question Yes noYES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
44
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
45
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
allha zards Ensuringinformation,instructionandtrainingofemployees.
machinerYandworkeQuipment Ensuringthatmachinesandworkequipmentareoperatedbytrainedandauthorisedworkers. EnsuringthatallguardsofPTOdriveshaftsandotherguardsofmachineryandworkequipmentareinplaceand
ingoodcondition. Makingstands,blocks,hydraulicjacks,etc.,availableandeasilyaccessibleasanextrameansforkeepingraised
equipmentup. Usingspecialwheelhandlers,forkliftsormaterialhandlersforhandlinglargereartractorwheels. Ensuringthattherivingknifeofacircularsawisproperlyinstalledandthatpushsticksandpushblocksareused. Keepingweldingequipmentingoodconditionandusingsuitableeyeprotection. Usingproperpersonalprotectiveequipmentwheneveroperatingachainsaw. Carryingoutregularinspectionandexaminationofmachineryandworkequipment
transportandmovingmachines Ensuringthatvehicles,forklifttrucksortelescopicmaterialhandlersareoperatedbytrained,certifiedand
authorisedworkers. Introducingaone-waysystemfortransportaroundthefarmyardandaspecialturningareaforvehicles(suchaslorries);
separatingvehiclesfrompedestrians. Maintainingservicebrakes,maintainingandadjustinghandbrakesandtrailerbrakesaccordingtothemanufacturers’
recommendations. Regularcheckingforwearandreplacingworndrawbarringsandpick-uphitchunits. Ensuringthatseatbeltsarefittedandfastenedifitispossiblethatamachinemightturnover. Providingsafetycabsorrollbarsinalltractors,andinspectingthemregularly. Inspectingeachitemofliftingequipmentregularly. Ensuringthatwingandrear-viewmirrorsarefittedandingoodcondition. Ensuringthatundamaged,correctlyworkinglightsandindicatorsarefittedinalltractorsandtrailedequipmentand
thattheyarekeptclean. Creatingasafesystemofworknearoverheadpowerlines(OHPLs). ProvidingamapshowingthelocationandheightofOHPLsonthefarm.
height Eliminatingzoneswithheightdifference,ifpossible. Arrangingappropriatefencingofdangerousplacesandkeepingthemingoodcondition. Installingwarningsignsinappropriateplaces. Usingwell-maintainedladders;securingthemsafelyagainstmovement.
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace? PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
add yoUr Notes
liQuidstorageArestorageareasproperlyfencedin?Arefencesingoodcondition? Arepropercoversofundergroundstorageandtanksinplaceandingoodcondition? Havesuitablebarriersbeeninstalledonloadingramps? Arewarningsignsinplaceandingoodcondition? drYsubstancesIsthereasafesystemofworkingwithdrysubstances(grain,fertilisers,sand,etc.)? Isaccesstograinstorageprevented? biogasArethereanyplaceswherebiogascanformandaccumulateinyourfarm(slurrystorage,enclosedplacesforanimals,waste,wells,etc.)? Isaccesstosuchplacesprevented? Arefireprotectionmeasuresused? Isthereasafesystemofworkinthesedangerousplaces? weatherAreworkersprotectedfromexposuretohightemperature,directsunradiation,lowtemperature,rainandstrongwinds?
46
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
47
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
add yoUr Notes
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
Storingladderssafelyandoutofchildren’sreach. Usingproperlydesignedcageplatformsforworkataheight,whereforklifttrucksoramaterialhandlersareavailable. Usingmobileelevatingworkplatforms,cherrypickers,towerscaffoldsorequivalent(grainbucketsorpotatoboxes
shouldneverbeusedasaworkplatform). Buildingstacksandde-stackinginalogicalordertoensureastablestructure.
pesticides Eliminatingtheneedtousepesticides. Usingproductsthatposeleastrisktohealth. Washingsprayerscarefullyafteruse.Doingitfarfromwells,childrenandanimals. Usingcorrectpersonalprotectiveequipment. Storingpesticidesinproperstoragesecuredagainstunauthorisedaccessandmarkedwithaclearhazardwarningsign.
children Keepingchildrenawayfromfarmingactivitiesandworktraffic. Providingaproperlyfencedplayarea. Stoppingworkwhenunsupervisedchildrenappearintheworkareaandtakingthemaway. Installingwarningsignsindangerousplacesandexplainingtheirmeaningtochildren. Tellingchildrenaboutdangerstheyshouldlookoutfor,andaboutplacestheyarenotallowedtogoto. Providinginformation,instructionandtrainingtoyoungpeoplewhoworkandsupervisingthem.
animals Feedinganimalsregularly. Arrangingproperenclosuresandensuringtheirgoodcondition. Installingwarningsignsinappropriateplaces. Providingappropriatemeansforanimalhandlingandguidance,andensuringproperuseofthem. Providingappropriatemeansforanimaltransportationandkeepingthemingoodcondition.
biologicalha zards Eliminatingsourcesofhazardousbiologicalagents. Keepingthesourcesawayfrompeople. Arrangingproperfencesarounddangerousareasandensuringtheirgoodcondition. Installingwarningsignsinappropriateplaces. Usingdisinfectionmeasures. Vaccinatingworkers. Providingworkhygienemeasures. Usingcorrectpersonalprotectiveequipment. Ensuringregularhealthmonitoring.
liQuidstorage Arrangingproperfencesaroundstorageareasandensuringtheirgoodcondition. Ensuringgoodconditionofcoversofundergroundstorageandtanks. Ensuringgoodconditionofbarriersonramps. Installingwarningsignsinappropriateplaces.
drYsubstance Arrangingmeasurespreventingaccesstograinstoragesites. Installingwarningsignsinappropriateplaces. Usinglightandsoundsignalstowarnbystanders. Keepingunauthorisedpeopleawayfromtheworkplace.
biogas Eliminatingsourcesofbiogas. Preventingoreliminatingsourcesofignition. Ensuringappropriateventilationofhazardousareas. Arrangingproperfencesaroundhazardousareasandensuringtheirgoodcondition. Ensuringfireprotectionmeasures. Installingwarningsigns. Preventingworkingaloneinhazardousareas.
weather Stoppingworkwhentheweatherisdangerous. Arrangingplaceswithshadeandwatersupply,forgettingwarmanddry. Limitingtimespentoutside. Usingproperprotectiveclothing.
48
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
49
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
Checklist small-scale surface Mines
PartA:Doesthehazardexistattheworkplace?
landslidesCanmaterials,rock,etc.,slidefromtheslopesinthesurfacemine? Arethereanyunmarked,unwatchedpits? Arethereanyunsecureddeposits,pitwallsorexcavations? Isanyface,sideorbenchworkedinawaythatcausesunsupportedoverhangingorundercutting? Ismanualminingofthemineralortheoverburdencarriedoutsimultaneouslyontwobenchesinthesurfacemine? Dosuddenchangesofthestateoftheminefacehappenduringwork? Arevehicleroutestoworkplacesendangeredwith,e.g.,slidingrockmaterial? Isthefaceorsidewallover1.5mhigh,andnotproperlysupported? waterArethereanywaterhazardsinthesurfacemine? Arethereanywaterreservoirsneartheexcavations,notconnectedwiththeactivityofthesurfacemine? Isthefreesurfaceofwatercheckedatleastonceevery6months? Isthereanypossibilitythatwaterfromanearbyriverorpondmayfinditswaytothemine? Areescaperoutesmarked? Areditcheschoked? Maytheamountoftherainfallinonedaybehigherthanthe36-hour-outputofthepumps? Isthewaterinflowfromtheexcavationsbiggerthanthe24-hour-outputofthepumps? transportationworkDoworkersmovealongoracrossthepathsofgangwayconveyors? Istheinclinationoftheexcavationsbiggerthan4°? Canthebailerofamachineoraloadingdevicemoveabovethedriver’scab? Canworkersgetinthewayofvehicles?
Question Yes no
add yoUr Notes
explosiveandblastingAreanyexplosivesused? Canstoragefacilitieswhereexplosivesmaterialsarestoredcausedangertootherstructuresinthemine? Doareassurroundingstoragefacilitiesforexplosivematerialscontainhazardsthatcouldtriggeranexplosion? Domisfiresoccurduringtheblasting? Cananexplosivebeinsertedintochokedblastholes? Areanytoolswhichmaycausesparkingusedwhilechargingblastholes? Arethereanyexplosivesnotbeingusedstorednearblastareas? Arethereanyfailuresinthesystemofsignallingbeforeblasting? Aredetonatorsandexplosivesstoredortransportedtogether? Doesworktakeplaceintheareatowardswhichdustandgaseousproductsfromtheblastmove?
YES–ifyouhavetickedatleastoneanswerinafieldmarkedwithPlease note that the list below does not cover all the possible cases in which there are hazards.
Question Yes no
50
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
51
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
landslides Fencingtheareasofexcavations,dumpinggrounds,minewastedumpsorunstableminingterrains. Markingdangeroussiteswithwarningsigns. Ensuringsuitableheightofscarpsandslopesduringminingwork,dependingonthegeologicalconditionsandthe
propertiesoftherock. Applyingabenching(terraced)systeminsteadofhavingasteeppitwall. Keepingtheslopeofloosegroundordecomposedrockatanangle(ofnotmorethan45°)thatensuresstability. Protectingandmarkingtheupperandloweredgesofdangerouswallsections. Preventing,atallcost,anyface,sideorbenchfrombeingworkedinawaythatcausesunsupportedoverhanging
orundercutting. Protectingwallsandsidewallsbymeansofprotectivenets. Carryingoutscalingfromasafelocation. Ifpossible,carryingoutscalingfromthetopoftheworkingfacedownward. Usingascalingbarofsuitablelengthandconstruction. Constantmonitoringofthestateofthemineface. Storingtheoverburdenonlyindesignatedplaces,furtherthan3mfromtheworkingedge. Wheretheundercuttingofaworkingfaceisessential,properlyinstallingsufficientmeansofsupport
(e.g.,sturdywoodenprops)topreventoverhangingmaterialfromcollapsing.water
Disposingunnecessarywaterreservoirs(ifpossible). Keepingsafetypillarsforneighbouringwater-courses. Checkingregularlytheminedrainagesystem. Determining(bythedispatcher)thewayofleavingworkplacesincaseofawaterhazard. Asfaraspossible,arrangingmineworksothatwaterisdischargednaturally(e.g.,intolowerabandonedareas). Channellingincomingwaterdowntheslopestocollectionpointstoprotecttheslopesofsurfacemines.Wherenecessary,
installingwaterpumpsatsuchcollectionpoints.transportationwork
Choosingandcreatingsafepassagesforcrewmembersaboveconveyors. Equippingconveyorswithsafetydevicesprotectingexcavatedmaterialfromthefalling. Introducingabanonmanualtransportoncarriagesinexcavationswhoseinclinationisabove4°. Introducingcommunicationandsignallingfortheworkersoftransportationsquads. Determininginwhichtypesofcabinsthepresenceofworkersisforbiddenduringloading. Equippingloadingplatformswithbarrierspreventingcarriagesfromrollingdown. Introducingobligatoryinspectionofropesandmechanismsofthecablewayatthebeginningofeachworkingshift.
add yoUr Notes
PartB:Examplesofpreventivemeasureswhichcanbeusedtoreducerisk
explosivesandblasting Usingnon-combustible,fire-resistantandnon-sparkingmaterialstobuildexplosivematerialstoragefacilities. Electricallygroundingexplosivematerialstoragefacilitieswhentheyaremadeofmetal. Placingventilationholesintheupperandlowerpartofthebuildingtocontroldampnessandexcessiveheating. Puttingappropriatewarningsignsthatindicatethecontentsofthestoragefacilities. Installingcorrectsafetydevicespreventingunauthorisedpeoplefromgettinginside. Ensuringthatdetonatorsarenotstoredinthesamestorageareaasotherexplosives,unlesstheyarekeptin
aseparatecompartment. Ensuringthatareassurroundingstoragefacilitiesforexplosivematerialsareclearofrubbish,bushes,drygrassortrees
withina10-mradius. Ensuringthattherearenoothercombustiblematerials(e.g.,gasoline;diesel)storedwithina20-mradius
ofthemagazine. Ensuringthattheentrancetotheblastareaisforbiddenfor30minutesaftereachblast. Checkingifthereareanymisfires. Checkingblastholesforobstructionswhichshould,asfaraspossible,becleared. Notpressingforciblyexplosivesintoablasthole,foranyreason. Placingexplosivesintoblastholesonlybymeansnon-sparkingequipment,suchasbamboo-typechargingrods. Usingfinesandinsmallpaperpacketsorclay“noodles”astamping. Placingunusedexplosivematerialsinaprotectedlocation,assoonaspracticableafterchargingiscompleted.
52 53
i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s i R i s k a s s e s s m e n t e s s e n t i a l s
add yoUr Notes
R i s k a s s e s s m e n t t O O l i i D e n t i F i C a t i O n O F H a Z a R D s & P R e V e n t i V e m e a s U R e s
European Agency for Safety and Health at WorkGran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao – Spain, tel.: +34 94 479 43 60, fax: +34 94 479 43 83 e-mail: [email protected]
Where to obtain further information
http://hwi.osha.europa.eu ����� ��� �
te-7
8-07
-073
-eN-
C©
euro
pean
age
ncy f
or sa
fety
and
heal
th at
wor
k. r
epro
duct
ion
is au
thor
ised
prov
ided
the s
ource
is ac
know
ledg
ed. p
rinte
d in
Nur
nber
g, g
erm
any,
2007
.