safety of traffic compared to other human activities in finland 1997-99 otto kärki and kirsi...
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SAFETY OF TRAFFIC COMPARED TO SAFETY OF TRAFFIC COMPARED TO OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN
FINLAND 1997-99FINLAND 1997-99
Otto Kärki and Kirsi Pajunen
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
Acknowledgements to
Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra)
for commissioning the project
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Definitions used
• Railway traffic includes train traffic, shunting and traffic following from railway work (e.g. maintenance)
• Train traffic includes traffic by person and freight trains
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Methods used
• Risk measure: • Fatalities/100 million person-hours
• Risk measure in traffic: • Fatalities/100 million person-kilometres
• Why fatalities as the risk measure? • Definition of an injured person vary considerably
• Fatalities covered nearly 100 per cent in statistics
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Definitions of injury
• Rail traffic
• Seriously injured person: as a consequence sick leave for at least 14 days
• Road traffic
• Injured person: a person who has not died but has injuries that need medical care or monitoring at the hospital, care at home (sick leave) or operative care e.g. stitches; if only bruises or scratches and no medical treatment, no injury
• Work
• Serious injury: as a consequence sick leave for at least a month
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Safety of traffic compared to other human activities
85
6,2
34,2
4,8
1,8
32,3
3
7,7
19,3
5,1
1,5
18,9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Air traffic
Train traffic
Road traffic
Leisure
Work
Road, Train and Air traffic total
Fatalities/100 million person-hours
1997-99
1988-90
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Risk comparison 1997-99
• Fatality risk in traffic 13 times that of work
• Fatality risk in train traffic 5 times that of work
• Fatality risk at home (awake) 1.5 times that of work
• Fatality risk at leisure outside home 10 times that of work
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Comparison of safety between traffic modes in Finland
0,91
0,17
0,11
0,7
5
12
4
11
0,54
0,14
0,46
1,5
5,3
3,4
3,2
0,005
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Total
Air traffic
Train traffic
Passenger cars
Motor cycles
Mopeds
Bicycles
Pedestrians
Fatalities/100 million person-kilometres
1997-99
1988-90
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Fatality risk of different traffic modes in Finland and in EU
0,005
0,14
0,46
2,6
3,4
3,2
0,08
0,04
0,8
16
6,3
7,5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Air
Train
Car
Motorcycle/Moped
Bicycle
Pedestrian
Fatalities/100 million person km
Finland 1997-99 EU 1999
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Fatality risk in train trafficFatalities / 100 million person km
• 1997 - 1999• Passengers and personnel
0.14• Includes one derailment with
10 fatalities• Other fatalities (trespassers,
level crossings, no suicides) 0.46
• Total 0.60
• 1988 - 1990• Passengers and personnel
0.11• No major accidents• Other fatalities 0.72• Total 0.84
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Safety in working life
1,76
1
10
4
2
7
1,51
1
5
6
2
4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Total
The rest of the working life
Transport
Construction
Industry
Agriculture and Forest
Fatalities/100 million person-hours
1997-991988-90
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Fatality risks caused to other transport modes on public roads
0,02
0,08
0,6
0,17
0,16
3,4
0,6
0,16
6
0,7
0,19
1,9
3,7
0,8
0,21
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pedestrians
Bicycles
Trains
Mopeds
Motor cycles
Buses
Lorries (>3.5 t)
Vans (<3.5 t)
Passenger cars
Fatalities/100 million
Vehicle-kilometres
Person-kilometres
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Fatality risks according to gender
0,46
1,5
5,3
3,4
3,2
0,33
0,7
10,6
2,7
2,4
0,54
1,6
5,1
4,1
4,5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Passengercars
Motor cycles
Mopeds
Bicycles
Pedestrians
Fatalities/100 million person-kilometres
MaleFemaleTotal
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Fatality risks according to gender
• Fatality risk for males 1.6 times that of females in road traffic
• Fatality risk for males more than double in leisure compared to risk for females
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Lost life time in road traffic accidents per time spent in traffic
2
4
18
20
1
2
4
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Pedestrians
Mopeds
Buses
Vans (<3.5 t)
Minutes/Hour spent in traffic
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Lost life time in road traffic accidents per kilometres travelled
40
39
39
0
3
5
8
1 h 28 min.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Pedestrians
Bicycles
Mopeds
Motor cycles
Buses
Lorries (>3.5 t)
Vans (<3.5 t)
Passenger cars
Minutes/100 km travelled
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Conclusions
• Safety of traffic and work increased, safety of leisure decreased slightly
• Fatality risk in traffic still higher compared to work and leisure
• Fatality risk of train traffic clearly lower than in road traffic
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Conclusions (continued)
• Fatality risks for males much higher compared to females at leisure and in traffic
• Elderly people and novice drivers constitute high-risk groups in traffic
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