SAFETY, SITTING, EMERGENCY PLANNING ISUES

FOR SMR DEPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA

PANDE Made Udiyani

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Republic of Indonesia

INPRO Dialogue Forum on Legal and Institutional Issues in The Global

Deployment of Small Modular Reactors

Outlines

• Introduction

• Overview of Indonesian Energy Policy

• Technology Assessment for SMR case

• Implementation of technology assessment methodology, case study in West Kalimantan.

• Preparing for constructing HTGR type of experimental power reactor (RDE)

• Safety, sitting, emergency planning issues for SMR deployment in INDONESIA

• Resume

Introduction• Study on national economic and energy sources of Indonesia had shown that

nuclear energy will be included as part of energy sources in our national energy mix policy in addition to fossil energy source, gas, water and other new and renewable energy.

• As an archipelago country, Indonesia consists of 5 big islands and more than thousand medium and small islands with various electricity ratio and industrial development scale. This encourages Indonesia to consider to use Small Medium Sized reactor as an alternative nuclear energy supply.

• Preliminary technology assessment on various SMR has been started, indeed the SMR is grouped into Light Water Reactor, Gas Cooled Reactor, and Solid Cooled Reactor. From its location or sites, they were grouped into Land Based reactor and Water Based Reactor .

Introduction (cont’d)

• Mostly, the Nuclear Power rules, criteria and requirements in Indonesia had

been developed for LWR type reactor and land based construction.

• Some island areas in Indonesia such as Bangka Belitung, West and East

Kalimantan, Kalimantan had signed MOU between local government and

BATAN to implement nuclear technology development in their territorial.

• Currently, Indonesia is now working on a program for constructing 10 MW

HTGR type of reactor of experimental power reactor, called RDE, in area of

Research and Development Technology, Serpong.

• This presentation will describe our experience during providing RDE (SMR)

conceptual design on the safety, sitting, emergency planning issues for

deployment in Indonesia

• Indonesia consists of around 17,500 islands. The big islands are: Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. Total area of 1.9 million square miles

• Population is around 250 millions people with birth rate of 1.21% (2015)

• High demand and supply of energy in the future

• SMR technology is much more appropriate for small and medium islands to support their own development whereas Large NPP for the large Islands

Overview of Indonesia Energy Policy

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NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY

• In order to accelerate national development,

President of Republic Indonesia issued

Presidential Instruction No.1/2010 regarding

Accelerating National Development Including

Nuclear and

• Government Regulation No. 5/2010 on

National Medium Term Development that Include

Nuclear Power Plant as part of alternative energy.

• Study on NPP’s capacity projection indicated:

Indonesia will include SMR in its energy supply in

2031, but the study on SMR-HTGR Technology

has been started since 2014 (Indonesia nuclear

energy outlook, 2014)

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NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY (Cont’d)

• In line with Indonesia nuclear Infrastructure development progress in

phase 1 and up coming phase 2, four main activities are recently in

progress i.e.:

- Feasibility Study in Bangka-Belitung island for 3 years (contract signed 15

July 2011 )

- Assessment of Indonesia Nuclear Energy System (2012-2014), using

INPRO Methodology

- Implementation of technology assessment with case study in West

Kalimantan

- Feasibility study and preparing conceptual design for Experimental Power

Reactor of around 10 MWth in Research and Development Technology

Serpong area. This reactor is planned to be operational in 2021.

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• Selection is done by Kepner-Tregoe decision making methodology,

combined with Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT).

• This methodology is useful for organizing the essential elements of a

technology that is formatted in a structure giving priority or weighting to

each element of the technology.

• Evaluate each technology based on priority or weighting factor combined

with a value that indicates the ability of technology meets the criteria.

• The final results of this methodology is the ranking of technological

options according weight and level of satisfaction for each element.

Technology Assessment for SMR case

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Elements for decision making

Weight SMR-1 SMR-2 SMR 3

% Satisfact

ion level

Score Satisfact

ion level

Score Satisfact

ion level

Score

1. Site Characteristics and parameters

consideration 15

2. Grid Consideration 10

3. Nuclear Reactor Safety 15

4. Main Parameter of NPP 10

5.Nuclear Fuel material and Nuclear Fuel

Cycle Characteristic and performance10

6. Owner scope of supply 10

7. Issues or everything related things to

technology supplier10

8. Construction Management Capability 5

9. Technology transfer and technical

support10

10. Cost and competitive economics 5

Scoring template

1. Safety Assessment

Criteria/Requirements Design criteria

Nuclear Reactor

Safety

Regulatory requirements and standards are used to form the bases for

the NPP design

Regulations in the Member State on radiation and safety for nuclear

power plant sitting

Safety approach (e.g. fully active, fully passive, combination).

Defence in depth programme in design and multi-barrier approaches for

operational transients and accidents, both with and without core damage

Degree of diversity and redundancy in providing the above key safety

features:

Spent fuel pool safety:

Defence against external events ;

Severe accident releases and response:

Safety equipment testing and survelliance requirements

Classification of components and related quality requirements

1. Safety Assessment (Cont’d)

Criteria/Requirements Design criteria

Nuclear Reactor

Safety

Reliance on off-site power

Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) scope, maturity and

results

Safety margins against deterministic requirements

Plant control and protection logic architecture

Provisions to ensure a high level of safety

Due consideration of human factors engineering (including

equipment accessibility post-accident).

Fuel and water supply for diesel generator, emergency feedwater

and primary system make-up.

Integration of technical specifications with safety analysis report

(SAR) and PSA.

Completeness of operating technical specifications (OTS), SAR

and PSA.

2. Sitting Assessment

Criteria/Requirements Design criteria

Ambient site environmental conditions and ecology, including

seismic, flooding, wetlands, population density;

Heat sink temperature, condenser cooling water source and

extent of water resources;

Site specific

consideration

Predicted magnitude and frequency of all external events (design

and safety considerations);

Site size requirements, boundary conditions, population,

neighbours and environs;

Transportation routes/facilities and access to required

infrastructure for construction and operation;

Site development and preparation requirements;

Site structure plan; single- or multi-unit site requirements.

3. Emergency planning

Criteria/Requirements Design criteria

Radiological releases to the environment

(normal operation and accident);

Impact & Emergency Countermeasure :

-Short Countermeasure (Evacuation,

Sheltering)

-Long Countermeasure (Relocation, Food Band)

Emergency Preparedness

SMR Status

Light Water Reactor:

(Carem, SMART, mPower, KLT 40)

Heavy Water Reactor :

(EC6, PHWR-220, AHWR 300)

Gas Cooled Reactors

(HTR-PM, PBMR, GT-MHR)

Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor

(4S,SVBR, PRISM)

SMR Technology Availability

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Technology availability (cont’d)

• Classification according to the fuel :

- UO2, MOX, Thorium

• Classification according to fuel loading schema:

- Fuel loading-unloading in the site

- Without fuel loading in the site

• According location

- Land based

- Floating Reactor (KLT-40, Flexblue)

• Application

- Electrical production and cogeneration (desalination, district heating,

hydrogen production)

STATUS NUMBER REACTOR

In- Operation 4 CNP-300, PHWR-220, HTR-10 (demo) 4S (demo)

Site /under

construction

4 CAREM-27, KLT-40, HTR-PM, PFBR-500

Detail 6 SMART (approval), ABV-6M, RITM-200, WWER-300,

SVBR-100 (2017 construction), PERISM

Basic 7 IRIS, mPower, NuScale, Westinghouse SMR, EC6,

AHWR300-LEU, PBMR (complete)

Conceptual/

Preliminary

11 FBNR, Flexblue, IMR, SHELF, VK-300, VBER-300,

UNITTHERM, GT_MHR, EM2, BRESTOD-300, G4M

Table Status of Nuclear Power Plant SMR

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Implementation of technology assessment methodology, case

study in West Kalimantan

• The electricity grid in West Kalimantan is around 350 MW and

projected to 3500 MW for 25 years. To maintain stability of the grid,

the power of NPP will be 10%, means in the range of 35 MW to 350

MW.

• The assessment was based on 10 element of decision making in

where site and safety issues are included.

• The result shows the ranking of SMR that meet Indonesia’s

requirements, but unfortunately, it can not be displayed here.

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Preparing for constructing HTGR typeof experimental power reactor (RDE)

• Batan has decided to construct 10 MWth HTGR type reactor of Experimental Power

Reactor with specifications:

Thermal Power : 10 MWth

Average Power density : 2,0 ≤ PD ≤ 4,0 W/cm3

Helium inlet/outlet Temperatur : 250 - 400/700 – 1000 oC

Fuel Element type : UO2

Enrichment U-235 : <20%

Maximum Burn-up : 90.000 MWd/tU

Average Burn-up : 22.000 - 80.000MWd/tU

Year

Reacto

r

Site Permit Applications

Site Permit

Construction License

Commissioning License

Operation License

Commissioning License Applications

Operations LicenseApplications

Construction Activity

Government Regulations No. 2/2014Licensing Applications

Design Approval Applications

Site Evaluation Approval Applications

Site EvaluationsApproval

Design Approval

Doc.for Site Evaluation Approval :1. Site Evaluation Program2. Site Evaluations Management

System

Doc. Site Permit :1. Site Evaluation ImplementationReport2. Management System Implementation Report3. DIQ4. Nuclear Reactor main Data

Doc. For Design Approval:1. Detail Design Document2. Safety Analysis Report

Doc. Construction License:1. Safety Analysis Report2. LCO Document 3. Management System Document 4. Radiation Protection and Safety Doc.5. System Safeguard Doc6. Physical Protection Plan Doc7. Ageing Management Doc8. Decommissioning Program 9. Emergency Preparedness Program 10. Construction Program 11. Environmental Impact License

Doc. Commissioning License:1. Safety Analysis Report2. LCO Document 3. Management System Document 4. Radiation Protection and Safety Doc.5. System Safeguard Doc6. Physical Protection Plan Doc7. Ageing Management Doc8. Decommissioning Program 9. Emergency Preparedness Program 10. Construction Activity Report11. Environmental Impact License12. Technical Specification of Reactor that had been build.

Doc. Operation License:1. Safety Analysis Report2. LCO Document 3. Maintenance Document4. Radiation Protection and Safety Doc.5. System Safeguard Doc6. Physical Protection Plan Doc7. Decommissioning Program 8. Emergency Preparedness Program 9. Management System Document 10. Environmental Impact License Implications Report

Constructions License Applications

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Licensing Progress of RDE

Evaluation of Management System of Site Evaluation Implementation Report Licensing Directorate – BAPETEN

Document Construction for License on Progress (BATAN):1.Safety Analysis Report2.LCO Document 3.Management System Document 4.Radiation Protection and Safety Doc.5.System Safeguard Doc6.Physical Protection Plan Doc7.Ageing Management Doc8.Decommissioning Program 9.Emergency Preparedness Program 10.Construction Program 11.Environmental Impact License

2410/18/2016

Innovative approaches to safety, sitting, emergency planning

for SMR issues in Indonesia (1)

• Regulatory body wants of ‘proven’ technology and want SMR technologies to be first

deployed in the country of origin to minimize licensing and performance risks;

• No rules, criteria and requirements were developed yet specifically for water site basis of

reactor such as floating reactors, under water reactor, transportable reactor which are

more complex than LWR, therefore, the SMR technology provider should be able to

support the user to solve their key infrastructure issues of SMR technology application

• Lesson learnt from Fukushima accident, A reliable operation and, probably, a better public

acceptance of SMRs could be achieved through the implementation of passive reactivity

regulation and control systems.

Innovative approaches to safety, sitting, emergency planning

for SMR issues in Indonesia (2)

• The SMR reactor safety innovations with the need for safety standards for

SMR which incidentally is not the same as the standard on Large Reactor.

• Lesson learnt from preparing RDE license, site licensing requirements for

SMR is not the same as the requirements for large reactors

• Possible local governments in Indonesia to build a water-based SMR, is

required sitting and emergency planning such as: fission products

dispersion in water which can be cross country, emergency preparedness to

cross the ocean to another country, infrastructure of emergency, estimation

of exclusion zone. safeguards, physical protection, etc.

RESUME

• SMR can fulfill energy demand in Indonesia. The SMR are also provided to meet energy at small and remote island in Indonesia

• The many types of SMR reactor safety innovations with the need for safety standards for SMR which incidentally is not the same as the standard on Large Reactor

• With better safety behavior of the SMR is designed with no off site emergency system. The issue is whether the public can accept this statement which tends to demand high levels of prudence for nuclear energy.

RESUME (Cont’d)

• With a variety of settings for example vocational ashore, a float KLT40, under sea

(flexblue) whether countries are ready to make rules or sitting?

Especially for floating or submerse SMR?

• Upon this assessment the key infrastructure issues for the SMR in Indonesia is

gap of legal, regulation and institutional aspect to introduce various type of SMR.

It because currently most of the regulation is just applicable for large light water

reactor with the land site base.

• Nevertheless, this obstacle was temporarily solved by adopting common best

practice applicable for large and small and medium reactor for land and water

reactor and provide specific requirement for specific type of SMR.

Tank you for your attention

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