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SAG 3: Planetary System Architecture and Dynamical Stability Rory Barnes (University of Washington) SAG chair: Brad Hansen Ravi Kopparapu Dave Bennet

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Page 1: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

SAG 3: Planetary System Architecture

and Dynamical Stability

Rory Barnes (University of Washington)

SAG chair: Brad Hansen Ravi Kopparapu Dave Bennet

Page 2: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

From the DC meeGng

How well does one need to characterize planetary architecture to properly understand exoplanet habitability?

Can we use the staGsGcal properGes of planetary systems gleaned from a GalacGc census to inform the study of nearby planetary systems?

Page 3: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

From the DC meeGng

Would it be possible or prudent to exclude some nearby systems from a direct imaging target list based on prior dynamical informaGon that their habitable zones are unstable? AlternaGvely, is it advisable to prioriGze a target list based on such dynamical consideraGons?

Page 4: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

What is “architecture”?

Stellar and planetary masses Orbital elements “Minor exoplanets” Exo-‐moons Planet-‐planet interacGons e.g. mean moGon resonances

ObliquiGes

Page 5: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Architecture helps…

Assess planetary habitability -‐ How do orbits change with Gme?

Determine stability -‐ Where should we NOT look?

Constrain origins scenarios -‐ Does that super-‐Earth have water?

Search for planets -‐ Fomalhaut b -‐ T*V

Page 6: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Planetary Habitability

PerturbaGons from other planets change orbits with Gme obliquiGes with Gme

insolaGon with Gme Gdal effects (mainly for M stars)

Page 7: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

HD 82943

Barnes & Greenberg 2006

Page 8: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Planetary Habitability

Gl 581 w/extra 1 MJ planet at 0.75 AU with e = 0.3

red is planet c blue is planet d

Page 9: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Planetary Habitability

Mutual inclinaGons -‐> fast, large obliquity variaGons on terrestrial planets υ And c and d have relaGve inclinaGon of 30o (McArthur et al. 2010)

Moons can stabilize obliquiGes, but are they detectable?

Page 10: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

An Earth sandwiched between two super-‐Earths with mutual inclinaGon 30o

Figure courtesy John Armstrong

Page 11: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

DetecGng terrestrial planets is hard Can we narrow our search by excluding some habitable zone as unstable?

Several studies: Jones et al. (2001); Menou & Tabachnik (2003); Sandor et al. (2005); Kopparapu & Barnes (2010)

Page 12: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

Kopparapu & Barnes 2010

Page 13: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

Kopparapu & Barnes 2010

Page 14: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

Kopparapu & Barnes 2010

Page 15: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

Kopparapu & Barnes 2010

Page 16: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Dynamical Stability

But… Mean moGon resonances can stabilize Earth-‐mass planets can masquerade as eccentricity (Anglada-‐Escude et al. 2010)

Stability analyses should be used cauGously

Page 17: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Planet FormaGon

Can the layout of a planetary system reveal its history?

Large eccentriciGes => planet-‐planet scamering Mean moGon resonances => migraGon

Can we constrain composiGon?

Page 18: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Planet FormaGon

Raymond, Mandell & Sigurdsson (2006)

Page 19: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

DetecGon

Kalas et al. (2008)

Page 20: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

DetecGon

Barnes et al. (2008)

Page 21: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

DetecGon

Transit Timing VariaGons

Table courtesy Praveen Kundurthy

Page 22: SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical ... · SAG$3:$ Planetary$System$Architecture$ and$ Dynamical$Stability$ Rory$Barnes$ (University$of$Washington)$ SAG$chair:$Brad$Hansen$

Discussion

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