sage: strategic approaches to the generation of electricity jochen lauterbach 1 “the center will...
TRANSCRIPT
SAGE: Strategic Approaches to the Generation of Electricity
Jochen Lauterbach
1
“The center will focus on developing, improving, and advancing technologies
to enhance the environmental performance of electricity production“
Central Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.
“Power generation is the largest and fastest-growing energy sector. By 2030, power generation will account for 40 percent of all energy demand.”
Outlook for Energy – A View to 2030, Exxon Mobil, 2009
Coal and our Energy Future
• Lowest cost for base-load electricity generation.
• Coal resources are widely distributed around the world.
3
4
Direct Impact on SC Population
• Electricity usage in SC: #3 in per capita and #5 per GDP1 in the US.
• Low electricity cost essential:– Low average income2 – Hot weather– Electric heating– Mobil home energy inefficiency.– Further industrial/manufacturing growth.
• New EPA regulations for SOx, NOx, mercury.• CO2 capture and sequestration technologies.
1) http://www.statemaster.com/cat/ene-energy2) US Cencus Bureau
Economic Opportunities for SC
• Global energy economy is developing rapidly. • Estimated 2 million jobs in US new energy economy.• Innovation is first step for SC participating in the new energy economy.• Creation of new technology-based businesses.• Center complements other long-term initiatives at USC:
– Solar, hydrogen, nuclear, biomass,…
– Excellent nano-technology facilities.
University of California Berkley, Clean Energy and Climate Policy for U.S. Growth and Job Creation, October 2009.Breakthrough Institute, 2010
7
SAGE Research Thrusts
• Emissions control technologies– CO2, NOx, SOx, trace metals: Hg, Se, As etc.
– Novel measurement technologies for trace metal speciation
• Combustion technologies– Air-firing, oxy-firing, gasification of coal
8
Current Status of SAGE
• Full endowment received
• Laboratory facilities by March 2012
• New jobs created:– 3 faculty– 2.5 staff– 2 post-docs– 10 graduate students– 9 undergraduate researchers
9
SAGE Organizational Structure
10
Example –JP-8 Reforming• Defense Advanced Research Project Agency• Three USC SmartState chairs & Engenuity SC• Goal: Discover material to convert NATO jet fuel to LPG-
like fuel for use in portable fuel cell power pack fuel cells
http://www.sfc.com/en/man-portable-jenny.html
11
Discovery of a Novel MaterialT (oC) Metha. Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane 1-butene Butane Total
C2-C4
350 0.00% 0.30% 0.00% 1.82% 2.70% 1.65% 2.15% 8.62%
550 0.56% 5.36% 1.16% 7.28% 3.66% 2.13% 1.81% 21.40%
11
High-throughput methodology has identified novel materials that exceed the specifications for threshold fuel conversion efficiency for JP-8•New catalysts offer lower-T conversion above 20% •After 50 hours, we still reach over 8% conversion
Within 7 months, a new catalyst was identified and we now exceed the
target
12
Jet Fuel Project
• Next steps:– Protect intellectual property (US patent
filed)
– Partner with local business to design and build prototype
– Manufacture commercial system in SC
14
Electricity Production in SC
2009, Department of Energy
15
JP-8 Reforming
Hydrocarbon Type
JP-8 (%)
Paraffins 71
Alkylbenzenes 19
Naphthalenes 6.2
Olefins 3.5
Balance 0.3
SS
Benzothiophenes
Dibenzothiophenes
• Objective: Flexible fuels for portable power applications
– Production of liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)• Mixture of C1-C4 hydrocarbons, with a high
concentration of C3 and C4• Fuel conversion Efficiency greater 5% (kg
LPG out/kg JP-8 in)• No other feed, just air
• Challenges– Coking – Sulfur tolerance
• JP-8 may contain up to 3,000 ppmw sulfur– Well-defined S-containing product distribution
• Adapt existing clean coal technology for removal
15