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Page 1: Saggezza Digitale Digital Wisdom - Politecnico di Milanohome.deib.polimi.it/schiaffo/CE/DIGITAL WISDOM-2016.pdf · Digital Wisdom means to be able of Questioning Information Technology

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Saggezza DigitaleDigital Wisdom

Norberto Patrignani

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Digital LiteracyScientific MethodProblem SolvingComputational ThinkingCoding

Digital WisdomDigital IdentityOnLife (online & offline blending)Ethical HackersSlow Tech

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3 / 49Source: Plato, 428­348 B.C. ­ Phaedron Dialogue 

Theuth... inventor of many arts, such as arithmetic and calculation and geometry and astronomy... his great discovery was the use of letters

Thamus... king of the whole country of Egypt

... To him came Theuth and showed his inventions, ...

... But when they came to letters, "This", said Theuth, will make the Egyptians wiser and give them better memories; it is a specific both for the memory and for the wit. "

Thamus replied: "O most ingenious Theuth, the parent or inventor of an art is not always the best judge of the utility or inutility of his own inventions to the users of them. And in this instance, you who are the father of letters, from a paternal love of your own children have been led to attribute to them a quality which they cannot have; for this discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves. The specific which you have discovered is an aid not to memory, but to reminiscence, and you give your disciples not truth, but only the semblance of truth; they will be hearers of many things and will have learned nothing; they will appear to be omniscient and will generally know nothing; they will be tiresome company, having the show of wisdom without the reality.."

Socrates(469 ­ 399 B.C.)

"They will trust to the external written characters andnot remember of themselves"

Socrates

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Norberto PatrignaniTowards Tomorrow's Successful Digital Citizens: A Policy Think TankLondon Knowledge Lab, Institute of EducationLondon, 24 February 2015

Digital Wisdom means to be able of Questioning Information Technology and be Aware of its Social and Ethical Implications. A Successful and Socially Responsible Digital Citizen should be able to: Learn (up to Programming Software and easily playing with Hardware); Select and Use the Devices and Services needed for daily life; Know Applications and Open Standards and Formats; Properly Manage her Online Identity and Reputation; Find the Right Blending between Online and Offline Life; Ensure that Information Technology are developed with a Human­Centred Approach, by minimizing the Environmental Impact, and Verifying the Fairness of the Manufacturing Supply­Chain. The Development of Digital Wisdom implies the Introduction of Digital Literacy and Computer Ethics into Educational Context     

Digital Wisdom

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Digital Identity

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6 / 49https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNngWL88IY

Posta con la testa

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Nel nuovo scenario creato dalla rivoluzione digitale le risorse scarse diventano il tempo e l'attenzione 

(anche la fiducia)

Time, Attention, and Trust are the new scarce resourcesin the Digital Scenario

Information OverloadSovraccarico Informativo

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Enlightenment Sustainability HyperConnectivity

XVIII Century XX Century XXI Century

The Skyis the Limit 

The Earth is the Limit 

The Selfis the Limit 

Source: Adapted from Nicole DeWandre, RRI/SSH in ICT­related parts of WP14­15, InfoDay, 21 January 2014, Bruxelles

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"Where is the wisdom  we have lost in knowledge?     Where is the knowledge     we have lost in information?"

T.S.Eliot, "Choruses from the rock"Selected Poems, Harvest / Harcourt , New York, 1962, p.107

Thomas Stearns Eliot1948, Nobel Prize ­ Literature

S.Louis, USA ­ 26 September 1888 London, UK ­ 4 January 1965

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OnLife (online & offline blending)

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11 / 49Source: "Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other", Basic Books, 2011

Alone Together

"We are lonely but fearful of intimacy.Digital connections offer the illusion of companionship without the demands of frienship. We expect more from our technology and less from each other..."

Sherry Turkle, 2011Prof. Science, Technology and Society, MIT 

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Reclaiming Conversation

"Why Technology is underminingour creativity, and how face­to­faceconversation can help us get it back...An engaging look at how we have taken flight from conversation due to social media, texting and email, and how it's damaging our relationships, creativity and productivity...."

Sherry Turkle, 2015Prof. Science, Technology and Society, MIT

Sherry Turkle

Su

zan

ne

Kre

iter/

Glo

be

Sta

ff

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Reclaiming Conversation

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14 / 49https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55kOphD64r8

Really?Windows Phone ad (October 2010)

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I Computer e Internet sono nati negli uffici, per il lavoroComputers and Internet was born in Offices, for Work

Ora essi sono nelle nostre tasche, per la vita di tutti i giorniNow they are in our Pockets, for Life

otium vs negotium

La tecnologia diventa pervasivaTechnology becomes Pervasive

Photo: www.tyleryanta.com 

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Giorni / weekend senza tecnologiaDay / Weekend without Media

Esercita la concentrazionePractice Mindfulness

Play Chess!Gioca a scacchi!

Media Holidays

Photo: www.playingaceschess.org

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Ethical Hackers

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hacker 

n [hack skillful repair of a computer program +er] (1976): an expert at programming and

solving problems with a computer(Webster's Dictionary)

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19 / 49Source: Pekka Himanen, "The Hacker Ethic: and the Spirit of the Information Age", Random House, 2001

Work Ethic

Money Ethic

Network Ethic

­ Passion­ Freedom­ Social Values­ Openness­ Activity­ Responsibility­ Creativity

Hackers' Ethic

Robert MorrisInternet Worm

1988

Kevin MitnickCondor1979

Linus TorvaldLinux1991

Vladimir Levin10.7 M$ Citibank hack

1994

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Planet

BioSphere

People

InfoSphere

CyberSpace

Ideas (NooSphere)

War

Ecology&

Recycling

Hackers

Privacy

Content&

Education

Accessibility, Universal Access & Digital Divide

Dawn ofCyberSpace,e-Democracy

CopyRights

Computer(Un)Reliability

ComputerCrimes &

Virus

Workplace

ArtificialIntelligence

(A.I.) –Nano-

Technologies,Implants

Source: Patrignani N., "A Conceptual Framework for Computer Ethics", Proceedings of Conference ETHICOMP­2008, Mantova

Computer Ethics

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Richard M. Stallman (New York, USA, 1953 ­ )

1985: Free Software (GNU Manifesto)

Source: www.fsf.org ­ http://boycottnovell.com/wp­content/uploads/2009/03/richard­stallman­young.png

Free Software is a matter of the users' freedom to 

run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve 

the software. 

"Il software libero si riferisce alla liberta' di poter eseguire, copiare, distribuire, studiare, cambiare e migliorare il software"

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2005: Open Source Hardware

Source: www.arduino.cc

"Arduino nasce nel 2005 ... quando insegnavo all’Interaction Design Institute di Ivrea ... ... io proposi il nome “molto Eporediese” di Arduino, come il bar dove andavamo a bere l’aperitivo.""Betabook, il manuale di Arduino", Massimo Banzi, fondatore del progetto Arduino 

Massimo Banzi

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"I dati aperti, comunemente chiamati con il termine inglese open data anche nel contesto italiano, sono dati liberamente accessibili a tutti le cui eventuali restrizioni sono l'obbligo di citare la fonte o di mantenere la banca dati sempre aperta. L'open data si richiama alla più ampia disciplina dell'open government, cioè una dottrina in base alla quale la pubblica amministrazione dovrebbe essere aperta ai cittadini, tanto in termini di trasparenza quanto di partecipazione diretta al processo decisionale, anche attraverso il ricorso alle nuove tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione..."(Wikipedia, 2015)

Dati ApertiOpen Data

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24 / 49Source: http://commons.wikipedia.org

Linked Open Data (Agosto 2014) 

RDF (Resource Description Format) triplesubject    predicate object"the sky"    "has the color" "blue" 

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25 / 49Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976 

Decidingis a Computational activity, something that can ultimately be programmed. 

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26 / 49Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976 

Choosing is the product of Judgment, not Calculation. It is the capacity to Choose that ultimately makes us Human.

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Weizenbaum's 3 Moral Laws of the Information Society

1. Human functions that require judgement, respect, understanding, caring and love ought not to be substituted by computers

2. Applications which have irreversible and not entirely foreseeable side effects, that do not meet pressing human needs, ought not to be undertaken without very careful forethought.

3. IT is a matter of human choice and responsibility.

Joseph Weizenbaum(Berlin, 1923 ­ Berlin, 2008)

1976: Joseph Weizenbaum

Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976 

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make ICT accessible to allmeeting a wide spectrum of people's needs

in particular any special needs.

Stephen Hawking (Oxford, 1942 ­ ) 

e­Accessibility

Source: http://www. howardguest.co.uk

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Socio­Cultural e­Inclusion

enable minorities, migrants and marginalised young people to fully integrate into communities and participate in society by using ICT.

Source: "Iran stocks up on censorship tools", MinnPost.com, Photo REUTERS

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Geographical e­Inclusion

increase the social and economic well being of people in rural, remote and economically disadvantaged areas 

with the help of ICT.

Source: http://www.socialf5.com/blog/2011/05/social­media­in­rural­india/

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empower older people to fully participate in the economy and society, continue independent lifestyles and 

enhance their quality of life.

Ageing

Source: http://www.seniornet.org/

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equip citizens with the knowledge, skills and lifelong learning approach needed to increase social inclusion, employability and enrich their lives.

e­Competences

Source: http://www.netcrumbs.opencons.net/

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Ethics and Search Engines

Google Search Algorithm Has really impacted 

how we view the world.Probably no other centralized institution or organization 

has impacted the world more other than religion 

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34 / 49Source. www.shell.com/scenairos, 2013

Global CO2 Emissions

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By 2030 ICT can reduceGlobal CO

2 Emissions: +1,25 ­12,1 = ­10,85 GtCO

2

0

1

2

3

0,360,30,59

End-users DevicesVoice & Data NetworksData Centers

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

-1,8

-3,6

-2

-2

-2,7

Manufacturing

Buildings

Agriculture

Transportation

Power­10,85 GtCO

2 = 

­19,7% of Global GHG in 2050 (55GtCO

2)

GtCO2

0

Source: Global eSustainability Initiative, 2015

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36 / 49Source: "The Consumption Conundrum: Driving the Destruction Abroad", Oswald J. Schmitz, Thomas E. Graedel, April 2010, Yale University

Computer chips made use of 11 major elements in the 1980s but now use about 60 (two­thirds of the Periodic Table) 

4004

8080

286386

486

Pentium

PIII

Dual Core Itanium 2Challenging 

Moore's Law

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37 / 49Source: How Clean Is Your Cloud?, Greenpeace, 2012

How Clean Is Your Cloud?

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Agbogbloshie (Accra), Ghana, Africa

Source: Agbogbloshie: the world's largest e­waste dump, The Guardian, 2013

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Slow Tech

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Slow Tech

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"The School of Athens", Raffaello, 1509­1511

Source: Patrignani N., Whitehouse D. (2014). Slow Tech: a Quest for Good, Clean, and Fair ICT. Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society, vol. 12, ISSN: 1477­996X.

Slow­Tech:a New Way

of Looking at Technologyin XXI Century 

Italian Renaissance:a New Way 

of Looking at Human Beingsin XIV Century

"Primavera", Sandro Botticelli, 1482 ca ­ A Masterpiece of Italian Renaissance celebrating the end of the Dark Ages and putting Human Beings at center stage

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A bridge with the Italian (and now worldwide)Slow Food movement

TowardsGood, Clean and Fair ICT.

A new kind ofInformation and Communication 

Technologies.

ICT that is Human­Centred.ICT that takes into account 

boththe Limits of the Planet and 

those of Human Beings.

Slow Tech: Designing and Developing Technologies that are Good, Clean, and Fair

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Good ICT

ICT can be Good for Human Beings When the Systems are Designed using a Human­Centred approach

Complex Interactions of the Human Being and ICT.Experiences can be enjoyable only if 

the System and the Human­Computer Interfaces are designed taking into account Human Limits.

Competences Needed: Human­Computer Interaction, Design­for­All,e­Inclusion,and Methods such as Participatory Design.

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Clean ICT

High Tech generates Toxic Hazards throughout its entire lifecycle (including Design, Production, Consumption and Disposal)

Consider the Environmental impact (the Materials involved, Chip Manufacturing, Power Consumption of Data Centres and Devices, 

ICT Applications, e­Waste Management and Recycling)

Is ICT Exponential Growth Sustainable? Maybe we need Paradigms based on Cycles? "Circular Economy"?

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Fair ICT

The Low­Cost features of ICT are possible at the price of the increasing costs paid by Workers.The entire ICT Value­Chain is indeed quite long and complex ... transparent?

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A Model for Responsible Research & Innovation

+

5. AnticipateSocial,Environmental,and EthicalEffects

3. Reflectwith involved Stakeholderson all dimensions of Innovation

2. Engage with all Stakeholders

6. Act & Respond(change Direction of R&I Processesin response to Stakeholders feedback)

4. Includeconsiderations on alldimensions of Innovationin Research & Innovation Processes

1. IdentifyStakeholdersand design theStakeholders'Network

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A Smartphone with Social Values:Mining, Design, Manufacturing, Lifecycle

Slow­Tech Case Study: Fairphone.com

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La vita moderna è in costante accelerazione. Gli strumenti che ci permettono di risparmiare tempo hanno ormai raggiunto un enorme livello di sviluppo grazie alle tecnologie di produzione e comunicazione, eppure l'impressione di non avere abbastanza tempo non è mai stata cosí diffusa. In tutte le società occidentali, le persone soffrono della mancanza di tempo e si sentono in dovere di correre ancora piú in fretta, non tanto per raggiungere un obiettivo, ma per non perdere posizioni...

H.Rosa, "Accelerazione e alienazione. Per una teoria critica del tempo nella tarda modernità", Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi, 2015

Hartmut Rosa

Rallentare

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49 / 49Source: humancare.loccioni.com, 2014

ICT, Made for Humans