saggezza digitale digital wisdom - politecnico di milanohome.deib.polimi.it/schiaffo/ce/digital...
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Saggezza DigitaleDigital Wisdom
Norberto Patrignani
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Digital LiteracyScientific MethodProblem SolvingComputational ThinkingCoding
Digital WisdomDigital IdentityOnLife (online & offline blending)Ethical HackersSlow Tech
3 / 49Source: Plato, 428348 B.C. Phaedron Dialogue
Theuth... inventor of many arts, such as arithmetic and calculation and geometry and astronomy... his great discovery was the use of letters
Thamus... king of the whole country of Egypt
... To him came Theuth and showed his inventions, ...
... But when they came to letters, "This", said Theuth, will make the Egyptians wiser and give them better memories; it is a specific both for the memory and for the wit. "
Thamus replied: "O most ingenious Theuth, the parent or inventor of an art is not always the best judge of the utility or inutility of his own inventions to the users of them. And in this instance, you who are the father of letters, from a paternal love of your own children have been led to attribute to them a quality which they cannot have; for this discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves. The specific which you have discovered is an aid not to memory, but to reminiscence, and you give your disciples not truth, but only the semblance of truth; they will be hearers of many things and will have learned nothing; they will appear to be omniscient and will generally know nothing; they will be tiresome company, having the show of wisdom without the reality.."
Socrates(469 399 B.C.)
"They will trust to the external written characters andnot remember of themselves"
Socrates
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Norberto PatrignaniTowards Tomorrow's Successful Digital Citizens: A Policy Think TankLondon Knowledge Lab, Institute of EducationLondon, 24 February 2015
Digital Wisdom means to be able of Questioning Information Technology and be Aware of its Social and Ethical Implications. A Successful and Socially Responsible Digital Citizen should be able to: Learn (up to Programming Software and easily playing with Hardware); Select and Use the Devices and Services needed for daily life; Know Applications and Open Standards and Formats; Properly Manage her Online Identity and Reputation; Find the Right Blending between Online and Offline Life; Ensure that Information Technology are developed with a HumanCentred Approach, by minimizing the Environmental Impact, and Verifying the Fairness of the Manufacturing SupplyChain. The Development of Digital Wisdom implies the Introduction of Digital Literacy and Computer Ethics into Educational Context
Digital Wisdom
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Digital Identity
6 / 49https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNngWL88IY
Posta con la testa
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Nel nuovo scenario creato dalla rivoluzione digitale le risorse scarse diventano il tempo e l'attenzione
(anche la fiducia)
Time, Attention, and Trust are the new scarce resourcesin the Digital Scenario
Information OverloadSovraccarico Informativo
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Enlightenment Sustainability HyperConnectivity
XVIII Century XX Century XXI Century
The Skyis the Limit
The Earth is the Limit
The Selfis the Limit
Source: Adapted from Nicole DeWandre, RRI/SSH in ICTrelated parts of WP1415, InfoDay, 21 January 2014, Bruxelles
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"Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?"
T.S.Eliot, "Choruses from the rock"Selected Poems, Harvest / Harcourt , New York, 1962, p.107
Thomas Stearns Eliot1948, Nobel Prize Literature
S.Louis, USA 26 September 1888 London, UK 4 January 1965
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OnLife (online & offline blending)
11 / 49Source: "Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other", Basic Books, 2011
Alone Together
"We are lonely but fearful of intimacy.Digital connections offer the illusion of companionship without the demands of frienship. We expect more from our technology and less from each other..."
Sherry Turkle, 2011Prof. Science, Technology and Society, MIT
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Reclaiming Conversation
"Why Technology is underminingour creativity, and how facetofaceconversation can help us get it back...An engaging look at how we have taken flight from conversation due to social media, texting and email, and how it's damaging our relationships, creativity and productivity...."
Sherry Turkle, 2015Prof. Science, Technology and Society, MIT
Sherry Turkle
Su
zan
ne
Kre
iter/
Glo
be
Sta
ff
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Reclaiming Conversation
14 / 49https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55kOphD64r8
Really?Windows Phone ad (October 2010)
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I Computer e Internet sono nati negli uffici, per il lavoroComputers and Internet was born in Offices, for Work
Ora essi sono nelle nostre tasche, per la vita di tutti i giorniNow they are in our Pockets, for Life
otium vs negotium
La tecnologia diventa pervasivaTechnology becomes Pervasive
Photo: www.tyleryanta.com
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Giorni / weekend senza tecnologiaDay / Weekend without Media
Esercita la concentrazionePractice Mindfulness
Play Chess!Gioca a scacchi!
Media Holidays
Photo: www.playingaceschess.org
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Ethical Hackers
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hacker
n [hack skillful repair of a computer program +er] (1976): an expert at programming and
solving problems with a computer(Webster's Dictionary)
19 / 49Source: Pekka Himanen, "The Hacker Ethic: and the Spirit of the Information Age", Random House, 2001
Work Ethic
Money Ethic
Network Ethic
Passion Freedom Social Values Openness Activity Responsibility Creativity
Hackers' Ethic
Robert MorrisInternet Worm
1988
Kevin MitnickCondor1979
Linus TorvaldLinux1991
Vladimir Levin10.7 M$ Citibank hack
1994
Planet
BioSphere
People
InfoSphere
CyberSpace
Ideas (NooSphere)
War
Ecology&
Recycling
Hackers
Privacy
Content&
Education
Accessibility, Universal Access & Digital Divide
Dawn ofCyberSpace,e-Democracy
CopyRights
Computer(Un)Reliability
ComputerCrimes &
Virus
Workplace
ArtificialIntelligence
(A.I.) –Nano-
Technologies,Implants
Source: Patrignani N., "A Conceptual Framework for Computer Ethics", Proceedings of Conference ETHICOMP2008, Mantova
Computer Ethics
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Richard M. Stallman (New York, USA, 1953 )
1985: Free Software (GNU Manifesto)
Source: www.fsf.org http://boycottnovell.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009/03/richardstallmanyoung.png
Free Software is a matter of the users' freedom to
run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve
the software.
"Il software libero si riferisce alla liberta' di poter eseguire, copiare, distribuire, studiare, cambiare e migliorare il software"
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2005: Open Source Hardware
Source: www.arduino.cc
"Arduino nasce nel 2005 ... quando insegnavo all’Interaction Design Institute di Ivrea ... ... io proposi il nome “molto Eporediese” di Arduino, come il bar dove andavamo a bere l’aperitivo.""Betabook, il manuale di Arduino", Massimo Banzi, fondatore del progetto Arduino
Massimo Banzi
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"I dati aperti, comunemente chiamati con il termine inglese open data anche nel contesto italiano, sono dati liberamente accessibili a tutti le cui eventuali restrizioni sono l'obbligo di citare la fonte o di mantenere la banca dati sempre aperta. L'open data si richiama alla più ampia disciplina dell'open government, cioè una dottrina in base alla quale la pubblica amministrazione dovrebbe essere aperta ai cittadini, tanto in termini di trasparenza quanto di partecipazione diretta al processo decisionale, anche attraverso il ricorso alle nuove tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione..."(Wikipedia, 2015)
Dati ApertiOpen Data
24 / 49Source: http://commons.wikipedia.org
Linked Open Data (Agosto 2014)
RDF (Resource Description Format) triplesubject predicate object"the sky" "has the color" "blue"
25 / 49Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
Decidingis a Computational activity, something that can ultimately be programmed.
26 / 49Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
Choosing is the product of Judgment, not Calculation. It is the capacity to Choose that ultimately makes us Human.
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Weizenbaum's 3 Moral Laws of the Information Society
1. Human functions that require judgement, respect, understanding, caring and love ought not to be substituted by computers
2. Applications which have irreversible and not entirely foreseeable side effects, that do not meet pressing human needs, ought not to be undertaken without very careful forethought.
3. IT is a matter of human choice and responsibility.
Joseph Weizenbaum(Berlin, 1923 Berlin, 2008)
1976: Joseph Weizenbaum
Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
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make ICT accessible to allmeeting a wide spectrum of people's needs
in particular any special needs.
Stephen Hawking (Oxford, 1942 )
eAccessibility
Source: http://www. howardguest.co.uk
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SocioCultural eInclusion
enable minorities, migrants and marginalised young people to fully integrate into communities and participate in society by using ICT.
Source: "Iran stocks up on censorship tools", MinnPost.com, Photo REUTERS
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Geographical eInclusion
increase the social and economic well being of people in rural, remote and economically disadvantaged areas
with the help of ICT.
Source: http://www.socialf5.com/blog/2011/05/socialmediainruralindia/
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empower older people to fully participate in the economy and society, continue independent lifestyles and
enhance their quality of life.
Ageing
Source: http://www.seniornet.org/
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equip citizens with the knowledge, skills and lifelong learning approach needed to increase social inclusion, employability and enrich their lives.
eCompetences
Source: http://www.netcrumbs.opencons.net/
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Ethics and Search Engines
Google Search Algorithm Has really impacted
how we view the world.Probably no other centralized institution or organization
has impacted the world more other than religion
34 / 49Source. www.shell.com/scenairos, 2013
Global CO2 Emissions
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By 2030 ICT can reduceGlobal CO
2 Emissions: +1,25 12,1 = 10,85 GtCO
2
0
1
2
3
0,360,30,59
End-users DevicesVoice & Data NetworksData Centers
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-1,8
-3,6
-2
-2
-2,7
Manufacturing
Buildings
Agriculture
Transportation
Power10,85 GtCO
2 =
19,7% of Global GHG in 2050 (55GtCO
2)
GtCO2
0
Source: Global eSustainability Initiative, 2015
36 / 49Source: "The Consumption Conundrum: Driving the Destruction Abroad", Oswald J. Schmitz, Thomas E. Graedel, April 2010, Yale University
Computer chips made use of 11 major elements in the 1980s but now use about 60 (twothirds of the Periodic Table)
4004
8080
286386
486
Pentium
PIII
Dual Core Itanium 2Challenging
Moore's Law
37 / 49Source: How Clean Is Your Cloud?, Greenpeace, 2012
How Clean Is Your Cloud?
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Agbogbloshie (Accra), Ghana, Africa
Source: Agbogbloshie: the world's largest ewaste dump, The Guardian, 2013
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Slow Tech
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Slow Tech
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"The School of Athens", Raffaello, 15091511
Source: Patrignani N., Whitehouse D. (2014). Slow Tech: a Quest for Good, Clean, and Fair ICT. Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society, vol. 12, ISSN: 1477996X.
SlowTech:a New Way
of Looking at Technologyin XXI Century
Italian Renaissance:a New Way
of Looking at Human Beingsin XIV Century
"Primavera", Sandro Botticelli, 1482 ca A Masterpiece of Italian Renaissance celebrating the end of the Dark Ages and putting Human Beings at center stage
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A bridge with the Italian (and now worldwide)Slow Food movement
TowardsGood, Clean and Fair ICT.
A new kind ofInformation and Communication
Technologies.
ICT that is HumanCentred.ICT that takes into account
boththe Limits of the Planet and
those of Human Beings.
Slow Tech: Designing and Developing Technologies that are Good, Clean, and Fair
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Good ICT
ICT can be Good for Human Beings When the Systems are Designed using a HumanCentred approach
Complex Interactions of the Human Being and ICT.Experiences can be enjoyable only if
the System and the HumanComputer Interfaces are designed taking into account Human Limits.
Competences Needed: HumanComputer Interaction, DesignforAll,eInclusion,and Methods such as Participatory Design.
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Clean ICT
High Tech generates Toxic Hazards throughout its entire lifecycle (including Design, Production, Consumption and Disposal)
Consider the Environmental impact (the Materials involved, Chip Manufacturing, Power Consumption of Data Centres and Devices,
ICT Applications, eWaste Management and Recycling)
Is ICT Exponential Growth Sustainable? Maybe we need Paradigms based on Cycles? "Circular Economy"?
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Fair ICT
The LowCost features of ICT are possible at the price of the increasing costs paid by Workers.The entire ICT ValueChain is indeed quite long and complex ... transparent?
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A Model for Responsible Research & Innovation
+
5. AnticipateSocial,Environmental,and EthicalEffects
3. Reflectwith involved Stakeholderson all dimensions of Innovation
2. Engage with all Stakeholders
6. Act & Respond(change Direction of R&I Processesin response to Stakeholders feedback)
4. Includeconsiderations on alldimensions of Innovationin Research & Innovation Processes
1. IdentifyStakeholdersand design theStakeholders'Network
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A Smartphone with Social Values:Mining, Design, Manufacturing, Lifecycle
SlowTech Case Study: Fairphone.com
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La vita moderna è in costante accelerazione. Gli strumenti che ci permettono di risparmiare tempo hanno ormai raggiunto un enorme livello di sviluppo grazie alle tecnologie di produzione e comunicazione, eppure l'impressione di non avere abbastanza tempo non è mai stata cosí diffusa. In tutte le società occidentali, le persone soffrono della mancanza di tempo e si sentono in dovere di correre ancora piú in fretta, non tanto per raggiungere un obiettivo, ma per non perdere posizioni...
H.Rosa, "Accelerazione e alienazione. Per una teoria critica del tempo nella tarda modernità", Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi, 2015
Hartmut Rosa
Rallentare
49 / 49Source: humancare.loccioni.com, 2014
ICT, Made for Humans