sains pmr
DESCRIPTION
Teknik MenjawabTRANSCRIPT
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Sains PMR
• Kertas 1 (40 markah)– 40 soalan objektif– Masa – 1 jam
Kertas 2 (60 markah)– Bahagian A – 6 soalan (40 markah)– Bahagian B – 2 soalan (20 markah)Bahagian B – 2 soalan (20 markah)– Masa – 1 jam 30 minit
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran asas proses sains yang harus dikuasai pelajar untuk menjawab soalan Bahagian B (soalan 7 dan 8):
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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Cold water
Hot water
salt
A student found that salt can dissolve faster in hot water. (Seorang pelajar mendapati garam lebih cepat larut dalam air panas)
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Based on the observation in Diagrams 1 and 2, state the difference in the time taken for the salt to dissolve (Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 1 dan 2, nyatakan perbezaan dalam masa untuk garam larut.)
……………………………………………………………………(1
mark)
Contoh soalan :
![Page 4: Sains PMR](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/54535a69b1af9f301b8b4780/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cold water
Hot water
salt
A student found that salt can dissolve faster in hot water. (Seorang pelajar mendapati garam lebih cepat larut dalam air panas)
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Based on the observation in Diagrams 1 and 2, state the difference in the time taken for the salt to dissolve. (Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 1 dan 2, nyatakan perbezaan dalam masa untuk garam larut.)
…………..…………. is……………....than…………………..
…………… …….. lebih …………... berbanding………….
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Based on the observation in Diagrams 1 and 2, state the difference in the time taken for the salt to dissolve.(Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 1 dan 2, nyatakan perbezaan dalam masa untuk garam larut.)
……………………………………….…………. is…………..…..than…………………..
……………………………………………… lebih ……….. berbanding………….
The time taken for the salt to dissolve in diagram 2 faster diagram 1
Masa untuk garam larut dalam rajah 2 cepat rajah 1
Cold water
salt
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Hot water
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Cold water
Hot water
salt
A student found that salt can dissolve faster in hot water. (Seorang pelajar mendapati garam lebih cepat larut dalam air panas)
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Based on the observation in Diagrams 1 and 2, state the difference in the time taken for the salt to dissolve. (Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 1 dan 2, nyatakan perbezaan dalam masa untuk garam larut.)
…………………………………..…………. is……………....than…………………..
…………………………….…………….. lebih …………... berbanding………….
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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Inferens
Sebab atau penerangan daripada pemerhatian
(Pemerhatian / Observation) (sebab/reason)
….................................. because ……………………….
….................................. kerana ……………………….
(Pemerhatian / Observation) (sebab/reason)
(RV)
(PB)
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What inference can be made based on Diagrams 1 and 2 ?(Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan Rajah 1 dan 2 ?)
…………………………………………………………………............…
Cold water
Hot water
salt
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
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(Pemerhatian) (sebab)________________ kerana ________________________
__________________ because ____________________ (Observation) (reason)
What inference can be made based on Diagrams 1 and 2 ?(Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan Rajah 1 dan 2 ?)
Hot water
Cold water
salt
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
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What inference can be made based on Diagrams 1 and 2 ?(Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan Rajah 1 dan 2 ?)
Cold water
Hot water
salt
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
Masa untuk garam larut dalam rajah 2 lebih cepat
kerana
suhu air lebih tinggi
The time taken for the salt to dissolve in diagram 2 is faster because
the temperature of water is higher
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Contoh soalan : Seorang pelajar mendapati bahawa pemanjangan spring bertambah apabila beban ditambah seperti gambarajah di bawah.
A student found that a spring extends more when a heavier load attached as shown in figure below.
(10 g)
(20 g)
(Pemerhatian) (sebab)Pemanjangan spring Y lebih kerana beban bertambah.
The spring Y extends more because the load is heavier(Observation) (reason)
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Inferens
Sebab atau penerangan daripada pemerhatian
(Pemerhatian / Observation) (sebab/reason)
….................................. because ……………………….
….................................. kerana ……………………….
(Pemerhatian / Observation) (sebab/reason)
(RV)
(PB)
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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Cara mengenalpasti pembolehubah
Manipulated Variable (MV) -Pemboleh Ubah Manipulasi (PM) (berbeza/berlainan)Perkara-perkara yang diubah-ubah pada mulanya seperti saiz, bentuk, bilangan, suhu dan sebagainya.
Responding Variable (RV) -Pemboleh Ubah Bergerak Balas(PB) (keputusan/hasil ekperimen)hasil keputusan eksperimen yang perlu dicatat.
Constant Variable-Pemboleh Ubah Malar (sama/tetap)Perkara yang perlu ditetapkan agar tidak mempengaruhi keputusan eksperimen * Radas tidak dipertimbangkan sebagai pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.
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Cara menulis pembolehubahMesti tulis parameter untuk setiap pembolehubah.
Contoh : Parameter + bahanJenis springPanjang springKetebalan spring
PEPEJALPEPEJAL CECAIRCECAIR GASGAS
Jisim logam Isipadu larutan Isipadu oksigen
Berat logam Isipadu asid Bilangan gelembung gas
Kuantiti bahan Isipadu air Kehadiran karbon dioksida
Saiz bahan Kehadiran kanji
Jenis lilin
Kehadiran garam
Nilai voltan / Arus
Saiz lilin
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Cold water
Hot water
salt
Contoh soalan : A student found that salt can dissolve faster in hot water. (Seorang pelajar mendapati garam lebih cepat larut dalam air panas)
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
![Page 25: Sains PMR](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/54535a69b1af9f301b8b4780/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cold water
Hot water
salt
Contoh soalan : A student found that salt can dissolve faster in hot water. (Seorang pelajar mendapati garam lebih cepat larut dalam air panas)
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
MalarConstant
ManipulasiManipulated
GerakbalasResponding
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Contoh soalan : Seorang pelajar mendapati bahawa pemanjangan spring bertambah apabila beban ditambah seperti gambarajah di bawah.
A student found that a spring extends more when a heavier load attached as shown in figure below.
(10 g)
(20 g)
![Page 27: Sains PMR](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/54535a69b1af9f301b8b4780/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MalarConstant
ManipulasiManipulated
GerakbalasResponding
(10 g)
(20 g)
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Pembolehubah boleh dikenalpasti daripada•Jadual •Graf
Manipulated variable
Responding variable ( keputusan eksperimen yang perlu dicatatkan)
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Responding variable
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah boleh dikenalpasti daripada•Jadual •Graf
Paksi X – manipulated variable
Paksi Y – responding variable
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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Hipotesis
Kenyataan yang menghubungkan di antara pemboleh ubah manipulasi dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
Hipotesis juga boleh diuji dalam eksperimen.
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HYPOTHESIS / RELATIONSHIPThe ………………….. the (manipulated variable ), the …………………….the (responding variable) .
Semakin ........................... (pembolehubah dimanipulasi) , semakin ........................... (pembolehubah bergerakbalas) .
If (manipulated variable ) ………………..,then (responding variable)…………
Jika (pembolehubah dimanipulasi)............................,maka (pembolehubah bergerakbalas) .......................
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State your hypothesis based on your observation in Diagrams 1 and 2.(Nyatakan hipotesis anda berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 1 dan 2)
…………………………………………………………………............…
(1 mark)
Cold water
Hot water
salt
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
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Cold water
Hot water
salt
Diagram 1
MV
RV
ANSWERS:
The ……………. the ………………………….,
the …………..the..……………………………………
The ___________ the (MV), the __________ the (RV) .
Semakin ______________ (MV), semakin ________ (RV) .
Semakin ………………… …………….,
semakin ………………… ……………………………………………..
Diagram 2
higher temperature of water
shorter time taken for salt to dissolve
suhu airbertambah
berkurang masa yang diambil untuk garam larut
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Cold water
Hot water
salt
Diagram 1
MV
RV
ANSWERS:
If …………………………………….. ………………….,
then ………………………………………….. …………….
Jika …………….. ……………..,
maka ………………………………………………. ………………
Diagram 2
If (manipulated variable ) ………………..,then (responding variable)……………….
Jika (pembolehubah dimanipulasi)............................ ,maka (pembolehubah bergerakbalas) .......................
the temperature of water increase
the time taken for salt to dissolve decrease
suhu air bertambahmasa yang diambil untuk garam larut berkurang.
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The _______the ____________, the ________ the____________________.
MalarConstant
ManipulasiManipulated
GerakbalasResponding
(10 g)
(20 g)
Semakin ___________ ___________, semakin _________ ________________.
The ___________ the (MV), the __________ the (RV) .
Semakin ______________ (MV), semakin ________ (RV) .
ANSWERS:
higher mass of load longer extension of the spring
bertambah jisim beban bertambah pemanjangan spring
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MalarConstant
ManipulasiManipulated
GerakbalasResponding
(10 g)
(20 g)
If ………………………. …………, then ………………………………… ……………..
Jika ……………… ……………., maka ………………………….. ……………..
If (manipulated variable ) ………………..,then (responding variable)…………
Jika (pembolehubah dimanipulasi)............................,maka (pembolehubah bergerakbalas) .......................
ANSWERS:
the mass of load increase the extension of the spring increase
jisim beban bertambah pemanjangan spring bertambah.
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RELATIONSHIP / HUBUNGAN
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Cara menulis RELATIONSHIP = HYPOTHESIS
The ___________ the temperature of water, the ____________
the time taken for the salt to dissolve.
(Manipulated Variable),
(Responding Variable)
higher shorter
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Cara menulis RELATIONSHIP = HYPOTHESIS
Semakin ___________ suhu air, semakin ____________
masa yang diambil untuk garam larut
(MV)
(RV).
bertambah berkurang
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RELATIONSHIP / HUBUNGAN
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
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Memplot Graf
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64
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x
x
x
xx
64
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x
x
x
xx
Berdasarkan graf anda di (b)ii, tentukan masa yang diambil untuk garamlarut pada suhu air 70 C.
52
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52 s
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KEMAHIRAN ASASKemahiran proses sains yang terlibat
•Membuat pemerhatian•Menyatakan inferens•Membuat hypothesis•Merekod bacaan•Menyatakan pembolehubah•Memplot graf dan carta bar•Menyatakan definisi secara operasi
![Page 53: Sains PMR](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081412/54535a69b1af9f301b8b4780/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION / DEFINISI SECARA OPERASI
State the operational definition for ‘rate of dissolving’.Nyatakan definisi secara operasi ‘kadar keterlarutan’.
Rate of dissolving is ………………………………( responding variable )
Kadar keterlarutan ialah ………………………………( responding variable )
Contoh soalan:
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION / DEFINISI SECARA OPERASI
State the operational definition for rate of dissolving.Nyatakan definisi secara operasi kadar keterlarutan.
Rate of dissolving is …………………………………………..time taken for the salt to dissolve
Kadar keterlarutan ialah ………………………………………….masa yang diambil untuk garam larut
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Contoh soalan graf
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x
x
x
x
x
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17 25
x
x
x
x
13g
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15
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P Q R
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Good Luck!
USAHA, YAKIN, DOA & TAWAKAL
INSYA ALLAH BERJAYA