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Chapter 5 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
INTERNETINTERNET55ChapterChapter
Chapter 5 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Objectives of this chapter:Objectives of this chapter:
Discuss the history of the Internet
Describe the types of Web sites
Explain how to access and
connect to the Internet
You can…
Imagine the future of the internet
Chapter 5 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
OverviewOverview
This chapter covers Introduction History Internet Software Internet Services Future of the Internet
Chapter 5 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
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5.1 Introduction
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What is the Internet? The largest network of networks in the world Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching Runs on any communications substrate
IntroductionIntroduction
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Also called the Net One huge global interconnected networks that
comprised millions of computers A world-wide collection of networks that links
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individual
Internet services widely use – World Wide Web & e-mail
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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A technology to link LAN network to a bigger network
Every computer in the network can directly share data and information with other computers
Internet Service Provider (ISP) are responsible to provide Internet services:
Examples: Jaring, MIMOS, TMNet, Telekom, Maxis.net , Time Telekom
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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“Galactic” Network A network that is connected globally where each
computers are able to retrieve data directly and share information
Every computer on the internet has an IP address (similar to a telephone number) and it is able to exchange data directly with other computers by “dialing” the computer’s address
The Internet uses packet switching concept where data sent are divided into smaller units known as packets
Each unit of packet has a number and destination address
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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Interoperability The Internet allows every computer in a network to
operate even tough each remote computers are of different brands and models or in a cross-platform network.
For example, a user can contact other computers like MAC, Windors PC, UNIX Machine and Mainframe using MAC.
Telnet is an example of an Internet service where a user can access a remote computer in a network after keying in login and password
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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High-speed connection
High-speed connection
Slow-speed technology
Slow-speed technology
How to connect to the Internet?
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a
standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet
services (CATV), cable modem,fixed wireless, and satellite modems
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection is always on—whenever the computer
is running
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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All computers have a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address.
All computers use TCP/IP protocol to communicate. Requires communication device like modem, ISDN
adapter, Ethernet card, telephone line
Download - to transmit data from a remote computer to a local computer
Upload - to transmit data from a local computer to a remote computer
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
– a combined set of protocols that tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet.
TCP monitors and ensures correct transfer of data. IP receives the data from TCP, breaks it up into
packets, and ships it off to a network within the Internet.
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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Each Internet services require different protocols.
Examples like FTP and HTTP sit on top of TCP/IP.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – accessed using FTP browser or DOS prompt
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – accessed using Web Browser
POP3 and SMTP – accessed using Mail Browser
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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Role of ISP Access is provided by the Internet Service
Provider (ISP) i.e. Jaring, TMNet. ISP provides a back bone to the network – either:
PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) or SONET (Synchronized Optical Network)
ISP also provide domain name registration for each organization.
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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What is a domain name?
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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Communication Link Shell Access
Usually by free shell account providers used for text-based email, IRC.
Modem and phone line temporary IP Computer providers that connect to the Internet (not
directly connect to Internet) Dial-up Point-to-Point (PPP)
Modem, phone line, ISDN adapter temporary IP Computer Internet
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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Cable/Satellites Dial-up with modem and phone line temporary IP. Faster transmission rate.
Leased Line Modem and dedicated line fixed IP. Usually to host Internet/Web Server. Support Extranet (external Internet) i.e. Sony Malaysia
and Sony Japan.
Introduction (cont’d)Introduction (cont’d)
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How the Internet WorksHow the Internet Works How might data travel the Internet using a cable modem connection?
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5.2 History
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1962 Started from Lickder’s “Galactic Network” idea that
introduced the concept of Packet Switching. RAND researchers concluded that Packet Switching was the best concept
1968 Lawrence G Roberts from DARPA formulated the
specifications for Advanced Research Agency Network (ARPANET)
1969 ARPANET connected 4 computers in California and
Utah, connecting university and research center with the Department of Defence (DoD) - USA
HistoryHistory
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1973 ARPANET became an international network
1981 ARPANET connected 213 computers
1984 Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 1000
1987 Total computers connected to ARPANET reached 10,000
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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Packet Switching In 1962, Galactic Network introduced the concept
of packet-switching, a new technology to transfer information between 2 distant computers
Packet-switching technology will break each message/data into smaller unit called packets for speedy and guaranteed delivery
Each packet carries a unique identification number and the destination address
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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ARPANET – (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
In 1968, L.G. Roberts from DARPA institute published a specification for Advanced Research Agency Network (ARPANET)
In 1969, ARPANET successfully connected 4 research computers in California & Utah
E-mail services was introduced in 1972 – people exchange text messages across a long distance
In 1973, ARPANET become international network
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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By 1981, ARPANET has 213 inter-connected computers called the Internet
In 1982, ARPANET was taken by DARPA and given to NSF (National Science Foundation)
In 1983, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was introduced by Kahn & Cerf
By 1984 the network has grown to 1,000 computers and increased to 10,000 in the following 3 years
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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World Wide Web (WWW) In 1989, a researcher named Tim Berners-Lee
proposed the idea WWW while working at CERN (a physics laboratory in Europe)
In 1993, a group of professors and students at the University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) release mosaic – the first graphically based web browser
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Also called the Web
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
History (cont’d)History (cont’d)
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5.3 Internet Software
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Internet software allows user to use the services provided by the Internet
1. Web Browser Allows user to view web page and
browse Internet sites
Internet SoftwareInternet Software
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Example of Web browser
MicrosoftInternetExplorer
Netscape
Firefox Opera
Mozilla
Safari
Internet Software - wwwInternet Software - www
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How does a Web browser display a home page?
Step 1.Click the Web browser program name
Step 2.Web browser looks up the home page setting
Step 3.The Web browser communicates with the ISP’s server to retrieve the IP address. The IP address is sent to your computer.
Step 4.The home page displays in the Web browser
Internet Software - wwwInternet Software - www
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2. Pager A software that allows a individual user to
communicate with other Internet users. Each user has to have the same software in their computer and register at a certain website for them to obtain an unique identity or ID
The user can then use this software by adding in other user’s ID in his/her pager software to be able to know whether the other user is online on the Internet
Internet Software (cont’d)Internet Software (cont’d)
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It is usually used to communicate with other “known” individual; as the user needs to know the other user’s ID
Examples of pager softwares - Yahoo Messenger, ICQ and MSN Messenger etc
Some softwares such as Skype also allows user to communicate via telephone, using Internet as the intermediary medium
Internet Software (cont’d)Internet Software (cont’d)
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3. E-Mail A software that allows user to read, write and
store e-mails Examples of e-mail software – Microsoft
Outlook, Outlook Express, Netscape Messenger and Mozilla Thunderbird
4. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) A software that allows user to use Internet
Relay Chat services (Real-time Chat). An examples of IRC software – mIRC
Internet Software (cont’d)Internet Software (cont’d)
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5. Download Manager Allow users to download files to their computers It can continue to download the file if the user decide to continue
downloading at a later time, or if the user got disconnected and connected again from the network, without having to start the download again from the beginning of the file
However, to continue downloading from where you stop depends on the server that hosts the file(s). Note that not all server support this process
The software is also capable of searching other server that hosts the same file(s), which is faster and/or closer to the user’s location.
E.g. – FlashGet, Download Accelerator Plus, Godzilla and RealNetwork download manager
Internet Software (cont’d)Internet Software (cont’d)
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6. Internet Music Player Capable of playing music from the internet Some web pages like radio or tv station’s web sites,
provide a web based audio and/or video broadcasting/streaming through the internet. It can only be viewed using special software
Among the popular software are RealPlayer and Microsoft Media Player
This technology of listening/viewing audio/video through the internet is called “Streaming”
Internet Software (cont’d)Internet Software (cont’d)
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5.4 Internet Services
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1. E-mail Used to send messages digitally through the
internet Every message delivery should have: address of
the recipient, address of the sender, subject of the message and body of the message
Email operations include - reply, forward, delete, save and print
Email will take a few seconds to be sent, it will be stored in the recipient’s email server until the recipient retrieves it. Then the recipient may reply, forward, delete, save or print the email
Internet ServicesInternet Services
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User name/ID: azuramasura
Domain name: jpa
Top-level domain: .gov
Two-letter country extension: .my
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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Other Internet ServicesOther Internet Services
How does an e-mail message travel?
Step 4.When recipient uses e-mail software to check for e-mail messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipient’s computer
Step 2.Your software contacts software on your ISP’s outgoing mail server
Step 3.Software on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to recipient’s incoming mail server
Step 1.Using e-mail software, you create and send message
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2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is a protocol used to transfer (download or
upload) files between computers on the internet. FTP Client software can be used on PCs to
connect to FTP server. 2 types of modes to transfer files using FTP are:
ACII (text files) Binary (usually programs, graphics and
basically all other file types other than text)
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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Usually username and password is required to login to FTP service on a FTP server
Anonymous FTP is one way to connect to FTP server without having to identify yourself. Anonymous FTP example:
Type the following command on a DOS prompt
ftp ftp.jaring.myEnter the following username an password when askedLogin: anonymous or AnonymousPasswd: <enter your email address>
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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3. Newsgroup/Message boards
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
Newsgroup
Many Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use
Online area where users discuss a particular subject Message board
Type of discussion group
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4. Chat Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a
computer Chat room is location on server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest Instant Messaging Example: mIRC, Yahoo Messanger, Skype, MSN
Messanger etc
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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5. Internet Telephony Real-time audio and video technology, such as Voice Over IP
(VoIP) and Video Conferencing is getting more popular VoIP techology uses three methods:
PC-to-PC – Using sound card, microphone and computer Phone-to-PC Phone-to-Phone – Using Telephones that support VoIP
The quality is not guaranteed (No QoS), There are noise and echo. All calls are charged as local calls.
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6. Telnet Allows users to login to remote computers using valid
username and password. Users need to have an account on the remote computer. Issue the following command in DOS promt
telnet www.upm.edu.my A secured alternative to telnet is by connecting to remote
computer using SSH (Secure Shell)
ssh www.upm.edu.my The remote computer must have Telnet/SSH server
running for users to connect to it
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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7. Ping Allows users to check whether a remote computer is
up/operational. Type the following command in DOS prompt
ping www.upm.edu.my This command or service might not work properly if:
The server or user is behind a firewall and it blocks ICMP request. Your ISP does not allow this type of request. The server has an embedded firewall on it and it blocks ICMP
request.
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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8. Web Sites A framework architecture used to share and access
documents that is connected to the internet Information displayed are intuitive, easy to use and using
interesting graphical interface Information are exchanged using client server concept. A web document that interconnects pages is called
hypertext A text string that links a page to other pages is called a
hyperlink Hypertext that contains other media (graphics, audio,
video, etc.) is called hypermedia WWW is a world wide hypermedia and hypertext system
Internet Services (cont’d)Internet Services (cont’d)
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Every address is unique and is called Universal Resource Locator (URL)
http://www.jaring.my/intro/index.html
URLs consists of 4 parts: Protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) Server: Internet domain name Path: The location of the document
in the server- folder/directory name Resources name: The filename, usually in one of
these formats html/cgi/sound/movie/graphic
protocol
serverpath File name
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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What is Search engine
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Also called a keyword
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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What is a hit? Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 4. Click link to view Web site
Step 1. Go to search engine
Step 2.Select type of search you wantto run
Step 3. View hits
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Advocacy Blog WikiSocial
NetworkContent
AggregatorPersonal
Portal
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
News InformationalBusiness/Marketing
Educational Entertainment
12 basic types of Web sites
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Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free
Searching, news, sports and weather, Web publishing, reference tools, stock quotes, maps, shopping, e-mail, and online communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests)
Portal Web site
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News Web site
Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and the weather
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Informational Web site Contains factual information Created by organizations and government agencies
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Business/marketing Web site Contains content that promotes products or services Allows you to purchase products or services online
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Educational Web site
Some companies offer online training for employees
Some colleges offer online classes and degrees
Offers avenues for formal and informal teachingand learning
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Entertainment Web site Offers an interactive and engaging environment
featuring music, video, sports, games, and more
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Advocacy Web site Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
Short for Weblog Uses a regularly updated
journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors
Video blog (vlog), blogosphere, and vlogosphere
Blog web site
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Wiki web site Collaborative Web site that allows users to add to,
modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
Media sharing Web site Other example?
Friendster Facebook Hi5 Geni (family tree)
Online social network
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Content aggregator web site Business that gathers and organizes Web content and
then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Personal Web site Web page maintained by private individual Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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Graphics formats are used on the Web
BMPBMP
GIF(pronounced JIFF)
GIF(pronounced JIFF)
JPEG(pronounced JAY-peg)
JPEG(pronounced JAY-peg)
TIFFTIFF
PNG(pronounced ping)
PNG(pronounced ping)
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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What is streaming audio/video?
The process oftransferring audio/video
in a continuousand even flow
Enables you tolisten to music/ watch video
as it downloadsto your computer
Example of a web site offers video streaming: www.youtube.com
Example of a web site offers audio streaming: www.i-bands.net/bandlist.php
Internet Services (cont’d)-websiteInternet Services (cont’d)-website
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NetiquetteNetiquette What is netiquette?
Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.
Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet
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5.5 Future Of The Internet
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Very High-speed network 1 Gigabyte per-second speed
Interoperability A Network that links with almost
everything Example: TV, House, Car etc.
imagine something? Please share to the class
Future Of The InternetFuture Of The Internet
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End of Chapter 5