salahuddin saiphy, irrad
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Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)(An initiative of the S.M. Sehgal Foundation)
Finding Innovative Solution for Poverty Eradication in India
through sustainable water management models
Salahuddin SaiphyProgram Leader- Water Management, IRRAD, Gurgaon
Together, We Empower Rural India
Photo: Check dam in Patkhori
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) Slide: 2 of 8
Institute of Rural Research And Development(An initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)
Gradient
Saline
Saline GroundwaterFresh Ground WaterFresh Ground Water
Population: 1.1 Million Villages: 431Rain fall: 594 mm (Non-uniformly distribution)Primary water source: Groundwater (78% - Saline, TDS: >3500 ppm)• High gradient and low retention time for runoff• Poor ground water recharging and • Excessive pumping for domestic and agricultural use• Depleting fresh water aquifers• Encroachment of saline ground water
Mewat at a Glance
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)04/08/2023 Slide: 3 of 8
Drinking water sources
Wastage of water supply
Women drudgerySchool toilets
School drinking water tankLarge family sizes
Village streets
Water contamination
Limited water sources
A glimpse of water scarcity in Mewat
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‘Mission- Water Collection’
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) Slide: 5 of 8
Water crisis in villages
Advancing saline and shrinking fresh ground water pocketAravali Hills Aravali Hills
Ghagas Ghagas
Karheda Karheda
Saline Ground Water Moderate Saline Ground Water Fresh Ground Water
Advancing Saline and Shrinking Fresh Ground Water Table
2002 2008
Fresh water village supply water to 8 villages
Community resist water sharing
Ground water depleting fast
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)6
Unfit water for consumption
Institute of Rural Research And Development(An initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)
Ground water depleting @ 250-1000 mm per year
Small pockets of sweet water
Drinking water unfit for consumption (WHO standards)
– Nitrates : > 122%
Blue Baby syndrome, renal failure, hemoglobin reduction, neurological problems
– Fluorides : > 50%
Dental problems, abnormal bone growth in spine and crippling
– Iron : > 233%
Pancreatic dysfunction, gastro dysfunction, affects liver and kidney
– Biological contamination:
Typhoid, Cholera, dysentery, Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Water salinity and contamination high concentration of chemical and biological contaminants low-lying saline aquifers and saline soil encroaching over fresh
Low recharging and high depletion rate
Unsafe disposal of waste water
Lack of water consciousness
Inequitable distribution and faulty distribution network
Unreliable water supply
Major issues
Dry spells span for 120 days. During these days, women have to travel 3-4 kilometres to fetch water, adding to their drudgery
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Small masonry structure
Injecting Wells
Aravali hills
Recharging Well
Check Dam
Village
Stream
Gully Plugs
Agriculture Area
Contour Trenches
Deep plowing
Revived Traditional Structure
Farm Bunding
Roof water harvesting
Taps Campaign
Soak Pits
Address the problem through ‘ridge to valley’ approach
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Snapshot of interventions………
Series of check dams (1.4 km long) in Rangala Rajpur
Check dam in Santhawari Pond in Jalalpur
Check dam in Kotla
Rangala Rajpur
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
CHECK DAM STRUCTUREX-section
Earth filling Masonry wall Earth filling
Ground Level
Innovative solutions
Replacing compacted clay core by thin masonry core wall saved 20% of cost and time
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Dry stone masonry
R/R stone masonry
PCC
Chain link mesh
Down stream guide wall
SPILL-OVERSTRUCTUREX-section
Cushion chamber
Innovative solutions
Replacing mass cement masonry by dry stone masonry saved up to 30% of structure cost
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Innovative solutions
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) Slide: 13 of 8
Small intervention, big impact
• Run-off collection on upstream side
• Recharging the collected run-off
• Relief from:
o Erosion of top fertile soil
o Gulley formation in agriculture fields
Treating Culverts for rain water harvesting
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD) Slide: 14 of 8
Small intervention, big impact
• Reduce runoff velocity
• Minimize soil erosion
• Increase water percolation
Nallah bunds
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Conservation is the key
Small structure to raise water level
Water diverted to nearby abandoned well
Converting abandoned wells into recharge structure
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Construction by local artisans: Recharge wells
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Patkhori: a replicable RWH system model for schools
CostRs 2.3 lakhs
Pre-filter
Storage Tanks25000 ltr
Soak Pit Soak PitFilter
Bio-sand Filter
• Harvested rainwater based water supply for 325 students & teachers of Patkhori school.
• Water availability improves school attendance specially for girls.
• Current students strength is 480
The model is being replicated by:• Education department
Haryana - 501 schools • Tribal Department Chattisgarh – 25 Ashrams
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Patkhori: a replicable RWH system model for schools
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
3-Tier rain water harvesting system
- Individual, cluster tanks fed by roof water used for drinking and cooking
- Community tanks fed by roof water and filtered pond water used for other domestic needs
Answer to water scarcity
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Community water tank: Min. wastage, max. gain
Objective:
• Ensuring 24 hr availability
• Equitable distribution
• Minimize wastage
• Avoid contamination
• Resource conservation (water, energy, time etc.)
Addressing women drudgeryBefore After
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Waste water accumulation
Typical village streets
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
To Soak Pit
From Drain
Silt Trap
Sediments
Floating Scum
Before After
Safe Disposal of Waste Water
Conservation, Safety, environmental hygiene and comfort
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Many villages made completely waste water free by
Soak pits
Soak well
Soak trenches
Disposing waste water naturallyMundaka, Untaka, Raipuri, Shadipur, Jalalpur, Mamlika ….
Conservation, Safety, environmental hygiene and comfort
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Waste water free streets in Mundaka
Photo: Village streets full of waste water Photo: Same street after construction of soak pits
AfterBefore
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Creating fresh water pocket in saline aquifer
TDS at village Khedli Khurd• Groundwater - 1700 PPM• RWH pocket: 52-67 PPM
Pre-filter
Storage & Recharging Tank
Saline ground water
Fresh Water
Hand Pump
Bio-sand filter
Water storage
Converted dry schools into water sustainable
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Removes: • Turbidity, Microbiologic contaminants • Iron and with simple adaptation arsenic
Bio-sand Filter
Keeping the water borne diseases away
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Reviving Ancient Baoli /step well (Mughal period)
Caring for the heritage
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Community involvement
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Repairing of damaged check dam through local community
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Rejuvenating forest through social fencing
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
OutcomeIntervention Groundwater
replenishment through check dams and other structures
Rainwater harvesting in schools and other buildings
Wastewater recycling
Total
Annual Water harvesting (kL/year)
1,36,85,403 12,589 141,854 1,38,39,846
Type of village Water Demand(KL/yr/vill.)
Villages can be served
Rain-fed village: Domestic water demand for 2000 people+animal@70 lpcd
51,100 271
Irrigated village: Irrgn. water demand (incl mustard, pearl millet & one vegetable crop) 300 acres@ 1120KL/acre + domestic water demand
336,000 36
Enough to serve
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Impact
Steady improvements in groundwater levels
Jan. mar. Apl May Jun July Aug. Sept Oct Nov. Dec.0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2017.65
16.9717.74 17.65 17.7
16.8 16.2
12.3 12.6 12.7 12.8
Trend of groundwater levels (metres) at Bangali Khola- Kotla
* Many dry wells have water today, salinity also regressed
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Impact on water levels
Mar/10
Jun/10
Sep/1
0
Dec/10
Mar/11
Jun/11
Sep/1
1
Dec/11
Mar/12
0
5
10
15
20
25
19.89 19.56
14.4 15.4 16.2 16.615.2 15.5 15.95
Trend of ground water in Kotla -Masjid Kui (2010-12)
Wat
er l
evel
in m
etre
s (bg
l)
Mar/10
Jun/10
Sep/1
0
Dec/10
Mar/11
Jun/11
Sep/1
1
Dec/11
Mar/12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3530.8 29.3
25.4 24.8 25.2 25.9
14.2
24.9 25.6
Trend of ground water level in Bhond- Nooru well (2010-12)
Wat
er l
evel
in m
etre
s (bg
l) Mar/
10
Jun/10
Sep/1
0
Dec/10
Mar/11
Jun/11
Sep/1
1
Dec/11
Mar/12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1613.2 13.85
8.3 8.1 7.68.4
7.6 7.95 8.2
Trend of ground water levels in Agon - Abdul well (2010-12)
Wat
er l
evel
in m
etre
s (bg
l)
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Impact on water quality
TDS M. Alkalinity Total hardness
Magnesium Calcium Chlorides Sulphates Nitrates 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000 1846
362.5
994.7
74.7
272.3
607
107186
500
200300
50 75250 200
45
1502
349
935
107194
538
52 108.8
Ground Water quality of Qayyum Hand pump in Dhadola Khurd (2011-2012)
Jun-11 Desired limit Jun-12
mg/
l
Coliform per100 ml pH Turbidity Iron Flouride 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 17
6.93 7.3
1.14 1.29
10
7
5
0.31
5
7.24
3.8
0.88 1.1
Ground Water quality of Qayyum Hand pump in Dhadola Khurd (2011-2012)
Jun-11 Desired limit Jun-12
mg/
l
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Impact on water quality
Conductivit
y
Total
dissolve
d solid
s
M. Alka
linity
Total
hardness
Temporar
y hard
ness
Perman
ent h
ardness
Magnesi
um
Calcium
Chlorides
Silica
0
500100015002000250030003500 3110
2153
452
1560
452
1108
227 241639.8
12.90500
200 3000 0 50 75 250
0
2640
1385
376.2
1278
376.2901.8
180 207.9522
25.7
Ground water quality of Daud Hand pump in Raniyala Patakpur (2011-2012)
November 11 Permissible Limits November 12
mg/
l
Conductivit
y
Total
dissolve
d solid
s
M. Alka
linity
Total
hardness
Temporar
y hard
ness
Perman
ent h
ardness
Magnesi
um
Calcium
Chlorides
Silica
0
400
800
1200 992684
331489
331158 57 99.8 175
13.30
500200 300
0 0 50 75250
0
1092
649
270.2400.7
270.2130.5 41.2 90.9 120.4 20.4
Ground water quality of New water supply Tube well in Dhadoli Kalan (2011-2012)
November 11 Permissible Limits November 12
mg/
l
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Institutional Mechanism
Water Management Group CompositionRepresentation from all sects of village (religion, cast, economy, street/mohalla, sex etc)
Role Active involvement in –
• Need assessment• Solution design• Site selection• Implementation process• Monitoring
Responsible for operation & maintenance
Community discussing water project blueprint
Community involved in need assessment
Working together with community to combat water crisis
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Water literacy campaign
Jal Chetna Yatra (Water Literacy Rally)
Water literacy sessions and Slogan/ paintings
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Water Literacy ensures technology adoption
Demonstrating technologies
“Jal Chetna Yatra”(Water Literacy Campaign) Water Literacy through street plays
Inclusion & Empowerment: Women-led Water Management
Empowering and motivating the marginalized
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Simple and user friendly technology
Technology
• development
• adaption
• demystification
• dissemination
• promotion
Training students for preparing Bio-sand filter
Promoting technology adoption
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Community Radio- Alfaz-e-Mewat
Reach villages: Over 183 in Mewat; 10 + in RajasthanProgramming Hours: 12 hours of daily broadcastCommunity Participation: 10000 caller database
Water focused programs• Tohfa –e-Kudrat- Jal Jangal Aur kheti (Water, Land & Agriculture)- 30 minutes daily (repeat everyday)• Guftgu- Expert Interviews- 30 minutes daily with repeat Has covered programs on watershed management, government schemes, water saving agriculture practices.• Saaf , Safai Aur Sehet (Health & Hygiene)- 30 minutes daily with repeat everyday- covered programs on importance of clean drinking water, use of Bio Sand filters, hand washing, importance of Toilets etc• Community events with school children on sanitation practices
Building awareness among masses
Building Awareness: 1st step towards solution
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Making the difference
Improvedavailability &
quality of water
Efficient irrigation system
More choice of
crops
Increased farm
productivity
Lower rain dependence
Reduced women
drudgery
Improved social indicators
Better quality of lifeBenefits reached to: >3,00,000 people over 70 villages
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
Best Water NGO award 2008-09 for Revival of Rural Water Resources
Best Water NGO award 2007-08 Water Harvesting
Distinguished Water NGO 2009-10 for Revival of Rural Water Resources
Recipient of Best Water NGO by UNESCO & Water Digest…….. three years in a row
“Ground Water Augmentation Award-2009”: Best NGO Northern Zone- by Ministry of Water Resources
Shri Salman Khurshid, Union Minister, Water Resources presenting the award to Jay Sehgal
Encouraging Recognitions
Jal Star Award (by Bhaskar Foundation)
Institute of Rural Research and Development (IRRAD)
For more information:
Institute of Rural Research & Development(An Initiative of S M Sehgal Foundation)Plot # 34, Sector-44, Gurgaon, Haryana
Phone- 0124-4744118, Fax- 4744123 Mob:9871189564
E mail: [email protected] Website: www.irrad.org
Contact Details