salmonella typhi dna - risris.org.in/images/ris_images/pdf/asianbio2006_dr_nina_barzaga.pdf · are...

A Free sample background from www.pptbackgrounds.fsnet.co.uk

© 2000 By Default!Slide 1

Plant Made Plant Made PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals

EDIBLE VACCINESEDIBLE VACCINES““Vaccine CuisineVaccine Cuisine””

Nina Gloriani Barzaga, M.D.,Ph.D.University of the Philippines Manila

3rd Asian Biotechnology Conference, Manila Nov 9-10, 2006



PMPsPMPsPlant made Plant made pharmaceuticals >> plants pharmaceuticals >> plants as factories produce useful as factories produce useful molecules for therapeutic, molecules for therapeutic, preventive or diagnostic preventive or diagnostic purposespurposesMolecular farmingMolecular farmingBiopharmingBiopharming



3 Groups of Pharmaceutical proteins produced in plants (PMPs) :

1. Human biopharmaceutical proteins: growth hormone, human serum albumin, β interferon, erythropoietin

2. Recombinant antibodies: IgG1 and IgM3. Recombinant subunit vaccines

(EDIBLE VACCINES): hepatitis B envelope proteins, rabies virus glycoproteins, cholera toxin B subunit



Edible Vaccines Edible Vaccines EdibleEdible-- means ingested/ eaten/ taken means ingested/ eaten/ taken orallyorallyIn the present day technological In the present day technological concept>> concept>> Plant made Plant made pharmaceuticals or pharmaceuticals or PMPsPMPs >> plants >> plants as factories produce the vaccine as factories produce the vaccine molecules molecules

The transgenic plant bearing fruits The transgenic plant bearing fruits expressing the vaccine antigen, when expressing the vaccine antigen, when eaten, provide the antigenic stimulus that eaten, provide the antigenic stimulus that will generate an immune response in the will generate an immune response in the hosthost


© 2000 By Default!Slide 5 1. Background & Rationale for 1. Background & Rationale for Developing Edible VaccinesDeveloping Edible Vaccines

Advances in the fields of microbiology, Advances in the fields of microbiology, molecular biology and immunology molecular biology and immunology provided us with tools for identifying provided us with tools for identifying antigenic determinants for a number of antigenic determinants for a number of infectious agents infectious agents isolate genes that isolate genes that code for such antigenscode for such antigens

Salmonella typhi antigens


© 2000 By Default!Slide 6 2. Background & Rationale for2. Background & Rationale forDeveloping Edible VaccinesDeveloping Edible Vaccines

Plant tissue culture methods well Plant tissue culture methods well developed at this timedeveloped at this time


© 2000 By Default!Slide 7 3. Background & Rationale for 3. Background & Rationale for Developing Edible VaccinesDeveloping Edible Vaccines

Advances in plant molecular biology Advances in plant molecular biology also provided us with techniques to also provided us with techniques to introduce foreign genes into plant introduce foreign genes into plant species species allow the gene products to allow the gene products to be expressed and accumulate in certain be expressed and accumulate in certain plant tissuesplant tissues



Why Develop Edible Vaccines?Why Develop Edible Vaccines?Such vaccines are thought to be Such vaccines are thought to be more costmore cost--effective and reliable in effective and reliable in production and delivery, especially production and delivery, especially for developing countries like the for developing countries like the PhilippinesPhilippines

Do away with Do away with injectableinjectable vaccines; vaccines; Edible vaccines are easier, simpler Edible vaccines are easier, simpler and cheaper to administer; also and cheaper to administer; also more acceptable to the public more acceptable to the public

From an immunologic perspective From an immunologic perspective Edible vaccines will elicit Edible vaccines will elicit

mucosal mucosal , as well as , as well as systemic systemic immunity immunity This will help This will help control control transmissiontransmission at the level where the at the level where the pathogen enters the host, and also pathogen enters the host, and also provide systemic immunity provide systemic immunity

X


© 2000 By Default!Slide 9 Edible Vaccine Program ClustersEdible Vaccine Program ClustersUP ManilaUP Manila-- UP Los UP Los BanosBanos

I. I. Edible Edible Salmonella Salmonella typhityphivaccinevaccine

II. Edible HIV II. Edible HIV vaccinevaccine

III. Edible Rabies III. Edible Rabies vaccine vaccine


© 2000 By Default!Slide 10 Plant Derived VaccinesPlant Derived Vaccinesunder developmentunder development

•Rabies Virus Glycoprotein in Transgenic tomatoes G protein coats the outer surface of the rabies virus•Plants transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens G protein expressed in leaves and tomato fruit•Orally administered rabies G protein elicits protective immunity in animals


© 2000 By Default!Slide 11 Quality perspectives for Quality perspectives for Edible vaccines Edible vaccines

• Must meet standards of purity, potency, safety and efficacy defined for vaccines by the World Health Organization

• The definition of the overall immune response to plant-derived vaccines is of utmost importance

• Process development- achieving sufficiently high levels of expression of the recombinant antigen in edible plant


© 2000 By Default!Slide 12 Future perspectives for Future perspectives for Edible vaccines Edible vaccines

• Field and Clinical trials required to define the risk/benefit ratio of a GM plant vaccine

•Registration –Regulation as Pharmaceutical agent

• Intellectual property right issues

•Marketing/ Commercialization



In what forms are edible vaccines In what forms are edible vaccines going to be consumed?going to be consumed?

Initial concept was to feed crude Initial concept was to feed crude edible plant portion (fruit, leaf or edible plant portion (fruit, leaf or tuber) but it may be difficult to tuber) but it may be difficult to standardisestandardise antigen antigen concentration this wayconcentration this wayFresh products may have short Fresh products may have short shelf lifeshelf lifeDried products may be more Dried products may be more stable, or in dry powder fromstable, or in dry powder fromplaced in sachets for mixing with placed in sachets for mixing with food or drinksfood or drinksThese represent more These represent more appetisingappetisingprospects prospects



Are edible vaccines for real?Are edible vaccines for real?

Still at an early stage, but experimental Still at an early stage, but experimental knowknow--how and results strongly suggest that how and results strongly suggest that plantplant--derived edible vaccines are likely to be derived edible vaccines are likely to be a reality in 3a reality in 3--5 years5 yearsClinical trials with populations at risk are Clinical trials with populations at risk are already underway in some laboratoriesalready underway in some laboratoriesIt is generally seen that edible vaccines It is generally seen that edible vaccines might overcome some of the difficulties of might overcome some of the difficulties of production, distribution and delivery production, distribution and delivery associated with traditional vaccines associated with traditional vaccines



PMPsPMPs-- and the global communityand the global communityUN - Millenium Development Goals1.1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hungerEradicate extreme poverty & hunger2.2. Achieve universal primary educationAchieve universal primary education3.3. Promote gender equality & empower Promote gender equality & empower

womenwomen4.4. Reduce child mortality Reduce child mortality (VACCINES)(VACCINES)5.5. Improve maternal healthImprove maternal health6.6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other

diseases diseases (VACCINES)(VACCINES)7.7. Ensure environmental sustainabilityEnsure environmental sustainability8.8. Develop a global partnership for Develop a global partnership for

development development ******


© 2000 By Default!Slide 16 PMPsPMPs

UN - Millenium Development Goals:

8.8. Global partnershipGlobal partnership

Target 17: In cooperation with Target 17: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable (good quality) access to affordable (good quality) essential drugs (and vaccines) in essential drugs (and vaccines) in developing countriesdeveloping countries

* Regional cooperation among Asia * Regional cooperation among Asia Pacific Rim developing countries

Pacific Rim developing countries



Rhizosecretion• Monoclonal antibodies

(Drake et al., 2003)• Recombinant proteins

(Gaume et al, 2003)LEX System™Lemna, (duckweed)

Dental Caries: CaroRx™Colds due to Rhinovirus: RhinoRx™Drug-induced Alopecia: DoxoRx™

Planet Biotechnology

Current ‘BioPharm’ Companies

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center

Trangenic tobacco PMPs and non-protein substances (flavors and fragrances, medicinals, and natural insecticides)

ProdigeneTransgenic cornTrypsin and Aprotinin

Ventria BioscienceTransgenic riceLactoferrinLysozyme


© 2000 By Default!Slide 18Collaborative ProjectCollaborative Project

* * UP ManilaUP ManilaMicrobial Immunology Research Group of the College of Public HeaMicrobial Immunology Research Group of the College of Public Healthlth

Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology --National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health

**** UP Los UP Los BanosBanosInstitute of Plant BreedingInstitute of Plant Breeding

*** *** Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences



There’s a whole range of possibilities for “vaccine cuisine”:So, we are looking forward to this “vaccine cuisine”

Bananas con Salmonella , anyone?

How aboutTomato juice with Vaccine for HIV/AIDS?

Let’s go for it!!!!

salmonella typhi dna - risris.org.in/images/ris_images/pdf/asianbio2006_dr_nina_barzaga.pdf · are...

Documents