CAPSULE 3SATYAGRAHA

Direction for Computer Assisted lesson

Follow the Instruction given below:This lesson is about the topic- SATYAGRAHAThis capsule contain suitable slides related to the concept. Necessary Pictures are provided in each slide. Use mouse (single click) to move to the next slide. Click on the textbox to get the response.Please note the direction given by the computer.Brain Teasers are provided for developing conceptsBrain relaxers are provided for self checking with necessary explanation.After completing the lesson the learners can recapitulate the lesson

through Test Your knowledge session.

Satyagrah is a term comprising two words; satya or truth, and agrah or insistence.In practice, however, satyagrah transpired into non violent resistance, passive resistance or civil resistance as a form of mass protest against the State. Gandhiji sometimes also referred to it as truth force or soul force

Picture of Satyagraha MovementsFig.1

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The practice was so successful in the Indian independence movement that Martin Luther King Jr. emulated it for the American Civil Rights Movement, and so did Nelson Mandela to protest against South African apartheid.

DEFINING THE TERM – SATYAGRAHA

Satyagrah is the weapon of the strong, it admits of no violence under any circumstances whatsoever, and it ever insists upon truth.

Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. I thus began to call the Indian movement Satyagraha, that is to say, the Force which is born of Truth and Love or non violence, and gave up the use of the phrase “passive resistance”, in connection with it, so much so that even in English writing we often avoided it and used instead the word “satyagraha” itself or some other equivalent English phrase.

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Brain Teaser 2.1 Satyagrah means insistence on truth

No Yes

Refer Brain Relaxer 2.1 Click here

However, as the notion of satyagrah and its practice advanced, it started getting increasingly decoupled from its equation with passive resistance. A stage came when they no more remained synonyms. Gandhiji himself drew clear distinction between the two terms in his book Satyagrah in South Africa in 1928:

Find out the different steps involved in the observance of Satyagraha.Here are some pictures of Satyagraha movements. Observe the picture and identify the different types of Satyagraha movements

Here are some pictures of Satyagraha Movements. Observe the picture and identify the respective roles in the Movement.

Fig.2

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TERMS OF STYAGRAHA FEATURES

Truth (satya) Implies love

Firmness (agraha) engenders

Serves as a synonym for force

Indian movement Satyagraha

The Force which is born of Truth and Love or non violence

Satyagraha conception

Satyagrah is unique in its conception as opposed to other resistance movements which strive to prove wrong or to defeat the opponent

Satyagraha Include truth as a faith induced, non negotiable instrument in its ideological constitution.

ENLARGING THE DEFINITION

Although satyagrah and passive resistance are still perceived as one and the same by certain quarters, the above deliberation dispels the misunderstanding

On the other hand, if situation so demands, satyagrah even goes to the extent of cooperating with the opponents to meet the end objective. Its foundation is empathy and compassion. Gandhiji expressed this aspect eloquently in his writing in Harijan, dated March 25, 1939, “The satyagrahi’s object is to convert, not to coerce the wrong doer”.

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Brain Teaser 2.2Throughout recorded history, the practice of Satyagraha was so successful in the Indian independence movement.

No Yes

Refer Brain Relaxer 2.2

Click here

Gandhi recommended satyagraha as a means of national defence (what is now sometimes called "Civilian Based Defense (CBD) or "social defence"):

DEFINITION

Gandhi envisioned satyagraha as not only a tactic to be used in acute political struggle, but as a universal solvent for injustice and harm. He felt that it was equally applicable to large-scale political struggle and to one-on-one interpersonal conflicts and that it should be taught to everyone

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CONCEPT FORMATION

C2 Civil disobedience and non-cooperation as practiced under Satyagraha are based on the “law of suffering a doctrine that the endurance of suffering is a means to an end. This end usually implies a moral upliftment or progress of an individual or society. Therefore, non-cooperation in Satyagraha is in fact a means to secure the cooperation of the opponent consistently with truth and justice.

UNIT 2SATYAGRAHA

THINKING SESSION

Brain Relaxer 2.1

When using satyagraha in a large-scale political conflict involving civil disobedience, Gandhi believed that the satyagrahis must undergo training to ensure discipline. He wrote that it is “only when people have proved their active loyalty by obeying the many laws of the State that they acquire the right of Civil Disobedience.

1-He therefore made part of the discipline that satyagrahis: appreciate the other laws of the State and obey them voluntarily2-Tolerate these laws, even when they are inconvenient3-Be willing to undergo suffering, loss of property, and to endure the suffering that might be inflicted on family and friends

Nonviolence (ahimsa)Truth – this includes honesty, but goes beyond it to mean living fully in accord with and in devotion to that which is trueNot stealingChastity (brahmacharya) – this includes sexual chastity, but also the subordination of other sensual desires to the primary devotion to truthNon-possession (not the same as poverty)Body-labor or bread-laborControl of the palateFearlessnessEqual respect for all religionsEconomic strategy such as boycott of exported goods (swadeshi) are the principles of Satyagraha

Brain Relaxer 2.2

Look at the Fig. 3

Fig.3

SATYAGRAHA BY GNDHIJI

Seven rules as “essential for every Satyagrahi in India”:1-Must have a living faith in God2-Must believe in truth and non-violence and have faith in the inherent goodness of human nature which he expects to evoke by suffering in the satyagraha effort3-Must be leading a chaste life, and be willing to die or lose all his possessions4-Must be a habitual khadi wearer and spinner5-Must abstain from alcohol and other intoxicants6-Must willingly carry out all the rules of discipline that are issued7-Must obey the jail rules unless they are specially devised to hurt his self-respect

Test your knowledge

Say True or False

1-Gandhiji believed in non violence

2-Satyagraha theory also influenced many other movements of nonviolence

Answer---

False True

False True