salvation unit 15 section one: cultural information section three: text understanding section four:...

SalvationUnit 15Section One:Cultural Information

Section Three:Text Understanding

Section Four:Text Appreciation

Section Five:Activities

Section Two:Word Study

SalvationSalvation

Salvation has in scriptural language the general meaning of liberation from straitened circumstances or from other evils, and of a translation into a state of freedom and security. At times it expresses God’s help against Israel’s enemies, at other times, the Divine blessing bestowed on the produce of the soil. As sin is the greatest evil, being the root and source of all evil, sacred Scripture uses the word “salvation” mainly in the sense of liberation of the human race or of the individual man from sin and its consequences. We shall first consider the salvation of the human race, and then salvation as it is verified in the individual man.

Christianity

Langston Hughes






Salvation

Christianity Christianity religion was founded in Palestine by the followers of Jesus. As one of the world’s major religions, it predominates in Europe and the Americas, where it has been a powerful historical force and cultural influence, but it also claims that adherent in virtually every country of the world. The central teachings of traditional Christianity the are that Jesus is the son of the God, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; that his life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection, and individual ascension into heaven are proof of God’s love for humanity and God’s forgiveness of human sins; and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life. This teaching is embodied in the Bible, especially in the New Testament, but Christians accept also the Old Testament as sacred and authoritative Scripture.

Christianity

Langston Hughes






Salvation

Christian ethics derive to a large extent from the Jewish

tradition as presented in the Old Testament, particularly the

Ten Commandments, but with some difference of

interpretation based on the practice and teachings of Jesus.

Christianity may be further generally defined in terms of its

practice of corporate worship and rites that usually include the

use of sacraments and that are usually conducted by trained

clergy within organized churches. There are, however, many

different forms of worship, many interpretation of the role of the

organized clergy, and many variations in polity and church

organization within Christianity.

Christianity

Langston Hughes






Salvation

Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes (1902-1967) is writer, editor and lecturer. He

achieved fame as a poet during the burgeoning of the arts known

as the Harlem Renaissance, but those who label him “a Harlem

Renaissance poet” have restricted his fame to only one genre

and decade. In addition to his work as a poet, Hughes was a

novelist, columnist, playwright, and essayist, and though he is

most closely associated with Harlem, his world travels influenced

his writing in a profound way. Langston Hughes followed the

example of PAUL Laurence Dunbar, one of his early poetic

influences, to become the second African to earn a living as a

writer. His long and distinguished career African American

writers.

Christianity

Langston Hughes






Salvation Although his youth as marked with transition, Hughes extracted

meaning from the places and people whence he came. The

search for employment led his mother and step-father, Homer

Clark, to move several times. Hughes moved often between the

households of his grandmother, his mother, and other surrogate

parents. One of his essays claims that he has slept in “Ten

Thousand Beds”. Growing up in the Midwest (Lawrence, Kansas;

Topeka, Kansas; Lincoln, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio), young

Hughes learned the blues and spirituals. He would subsequently

weave these musical elements into his own poetry and fiction.

Christianity

Langston Hughes

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1. salvation: n.

(a) (esp in the Christian religion) the saving or state of

being saved from sin

e. g. Through Christ and his death the CHRISTIANS

FOUND SALVATION.

(b) (formal) saving or preservation from loss, ruin, or failure

e.g. The people have no food: their salvation depends on

quick action.

salve vt.

Section One:Cultural Information





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2. revival: n.

(a) rebirth or renewal; reviving or being revived

e. g. There has been some revival of interest in the

fashions of the 1960’s.

(b) renewal of religious spirit; in some churches, a set of

special services intended to bring this about

e.g. We had a revival at our church last week.

revive vt. &vi.






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3. preach: vt. &vi.

(a) give a sermon, esp as part of a service in church

e.g. Christ preached to large crowds.

The priest preached (about) the importance of caring

for the old and sick.

(b) advise or urge others to accept (sth that one believes i

n)

e.g. She is always preaching the value of fresh air.

(c) (derogative) offer (unwanted advice on matters of right

and wrong)

e.g. My sister has been preaching at me again about my

lack of neatness.






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4. hardened: adj. made or became hard or harder, pitiless,

unfeeling, toughened

e.g. The report claims that young people put in prison are

corrupted by hardened criminals.

harden: vt.&vi. (cause to) become hard or firm

e.g. The snow hardened until ice was formed.

My hands hardened when I was working on the farm.

Don’t harden your heart against (=don’t be hard and

unkind toward) him.






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5. speak of:

(a) speak about ;discuss

e.g. They seemed to be speaking of someone whom he

hardly knew. He hadn’t been able to speak until now

of what had happened.

(b) (only used in negatives, questions, etc) worth

mentioning; of much valve or amount

e.g. There’s been no rain to speak of , only a few drops.






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6. escort:vt. (a) (formal) go with (sb) as an escort

e.g. The mayor was escorted by the workers as he toured

the factory.

n. person or people who go with another as a guard, or as

a companion

e.g. The prisoner traveled under police escort.

Mary’s escort arrived to take her out for the evening.






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7. from then on: starting then

e.g. From then on, he worked very hard.






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8. leave out:

(a) let (usu sth)remain outside ； leave in the open

e.g. If you leave your bicycle out at night, you will soon

have trouble with rust.

(b) omit ； fail to include (sth or sb)as in a list

e.g. We can leave out the second sentence in the

paragraph.

(c) pay no attention to (sb)

e.g. Nobody speaks to her; she's always left out.

leave out in the cold: abandon; neglect intentionally

e.g. Whenever they have a dance, an outing, or a social

gathering, they invite my friends, but leave me out in

the cold.






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9. right away: at once; without delay

e.g. He has written down a list of things to do right away.

He received my email, but did not answer right away.






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10. a great many: a large number; a good many

e.g. The information has proved useful to a great many

people.






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11. jet-black: adj. very dark

e.g. His hair was jet-black and well combed around the

ears.






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12. gnarled: adj. rough and twisted, with hard lumps, esp

as a result of age or hard work

e.g. The Scots pine has the gnarled trunks

The old peasant is wrinkled, and gnarled.






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13. tired of: no longer interested in

e.g. I'm tired of his stupid remarks.

Judy was tired of quarreling with her husband.






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14. kneel: vi. go down or remain on the knee(s)

e.g. She knelt (down) to pray.






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15. swirl: vi. move with twisting turns

e.g. The sea was swirling crashing round the breakwaters.

Dust swirled in small circles around me.

n. swirling movement

e.g. She danced with a swirl of her skirt.

swirl about: move about in thick masses, constantly

changing speed and direction

e.g. Thick dust swirl about, getting into our food and water.

The happy couple linked arms and swirled about the

street.

Don't swim in where the water is swirling around;

there are dangerous currents.






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16. congregation: n. group of people gathered together,

esp in a church for religious worship

e.g. That Sunday, there were only ten in the congregation.

congregate vi.






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17. sob: vi. breathe while weeping, in sudden short bursts

e.g. The little boy sobbed to sleep (= wept until he feel

asleep).

She put her head on her friend's shoulder and

began to sob.

He sat down at the table, sobbing.






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18. be ashamed: feel shame, guilt, sorrow, or unwillingness

e.g. She was ashamed of having asked such a simple

question.






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19. hold up:

(a) delay (sth or sb); stop

e.g. The train was held up by heavy fog.

(b) raise (sth); keep (sth) raised

e.g. I held up the map so that it could be seen more clearly.

(c) stop (a vehicle) by force in order to rob it

e.g. The three criminals held up the train and took all the

passengers' money.

(d) charge (sb) too much

e.g. Don't go to that restaurant, they hold you up.






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20. wonder: vt. & vi. (a) express a wish to know e.g. I wonder if she knows we're here. I wonder why they didn't arrive. I wonder what really happened. (b) be surprised and want to know (why) e.g. I wonder that he can come here after what happened. Arriving in New York, she wondered at the tall buildings and crowded streers. n. (sth which causes) a feeling of strangeness, surprise, and admiration e.g. They were filled with wonder at the sight of the great new waterfall. The temple of Diana was one of the seven Wonders of the World in ancient times.






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21. think about: examine; consider (esp a plan, idea, to see

whether it is desirable, practical, etc); have in one's mind;

recall

e.g. We are thinking about going to Paris for our vacation.

I should like to think about your suggestion before I

give a definite reply.

Please think about the proposal and let me have your

views tomorrow.

She is thinking about emigrating to Canada.

She is thinking about her childhood days.






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22. grin: vt.& vi. make a grin

e.g. they grinned with pleasure when I gave them the

candy.

n. smile, esp a very wide smile

e.g. I knew she was joking because she had a big grin on

her face.

grin at: smile broadly at(sb or sth amusing)

e.g. I cannot help grinning at the funny things the child

says.






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23. strike: vt. &vi.

(a) hit

e.g. She struck him in the face.

He struck out at his attackers.

(b) make or put into action by hitting

e.g. He struck a match and lit a cigarette.

She struck a note on the piano.

The clock struck 12.

(c) have an effect on

e.g. How does the room strike you(=What do you think

of it)?

That strikes me as a good idea.






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(d) come suddenly to the mind

e.g. If a better idea strike you, please let me know.

It strikes me that we should stay here for the night.

(e) stop working because of disagreement

e.g. The union struck for better working conditions.

strike a balance: be fair to everybody

e.g. It is difficult to strike a balance between the two courses

of action.






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24. lie: vi.(lay, lain, lying)(a) be in a flat position on a surface

e.g. The book is lying on the table.

Father is lying down(=resting on a bed) for a while.

(b) be in the state position; be placed

e.g. The truth lies somewhere between the statement of

the two men.

(c) remain or be kept in the stated position or condition

e.g. The machines have lain idle for weeks now.

Don not leave your money lying in the bank, speed it.

lie behind: be the reason for

e.g. I wonder what lies behind his decision to leave.






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25. had better: ought to; should

e.g. I’d better go home now.

You’d better not tell him the bad news.






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26. break into:(a) force an entry into; force one’s way into e.g. The thieves waited until it was dark enough to break into the house . (b) enter a new line of business e.g. It is difficult to break into the fields of advertising. (c) interrupt (sth)e.g. The children broke into the conversation with the demands for attent

ion My aunt’s regular visits broke into my weekend. (d) begin (sth such as a movement) suddenly e.g. Rebecca broke into song. break away:(cause to) come apart (from sth) e.g. The wing of the plane away in mid-air and the plane crashed. break out: begin, usu suddenly e.g. War broke out in 1937. Fire broke out in the hospital last night. break through :make advances in discover or any other aim e.g. Scientists think they have broken through in their attempt to find the

cause of many major diseases.






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27. lead:vt & vi. show the way by going in front

e.g. She led the blind man down the stairs.

The horses were led into the yard.

You lead and I will follow.

n. the front position ,the distance or number of points by

which a person or thing is in advance of another

e.g. Los Angeles was in the lead (=winning the game) at

half time in the basketball match.

Our product still has a good lead over that of our

competitor.






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28. quiet: adj. not making oneself noticed by activity

e.g. The children are unusually quiet today.

v.(cause to) become quieter or calmer

e.g. The meeting quieted down after repeated warnings

from the chairman that the hall would be cleared.

The children quickly quieted down.






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29. punctuate: vt.& vi.(a) interrupt repeatedly

e.g. The football game was punctuated by the cheers of

supporters.

The old lady’s words were punctuated by noise from

outside.

(b) divide (written matter) into sentences, phrases, etc by

means of punctuation marks

e.g. If you don’t punctuate ancient Chinese texts, they will

be difficult to read.






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30. bury: vt. (a) put into a grave

e.g. She will be buried there in the church.

(b) hide away, esp in the ground

e.g. The dog buried a bone’

The facts are buried in a few old books.






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31. bear: vt.& vi. (a) suffer without complaining

e.g. She bore the pain with great courage.

I can’t bear (=greatly dislike) the smell of tobacco smoke.

I couldn’t bear to listen my longer, so I left the room.

(b) carry from one place to another

e.g. The hawk seized the mouse and bore it off to its nest.

(c) have; show

e.g. The letter bears his signature.

bear in mind: not forget

e.g. He didn’t do the job well, but bear in mind that he was ill

at the time.






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Questions

Paragraph 1

Questions:(1) Why does Hughes say he was saved from sin…but not

really saved?(It seems paradoxical to admit something but at the same

time deny it. However it is true in the case of Hughes’ experience at a church revival. He uses this paradox to show the theme of the essay: One feels greatly frustrated and disappointed when one fails to achieve his or her goal and has to tell a lie against his or her will.)

(2) What is the function of the third sentence in the paragraph organization?

(It serves as traditional sentence to link the topic sentence and the detailed events, without which the paragraph would not be coherent.)

Sentence Highlights






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Questions

(3)Why did Aunt Reed bring Hughes to the front row of the church and

place him on the mourners’ bench with other young people? (Aunt

Reed was a pious Christian. She did so in order to make Hughes

conform to Christianity, i.e. to be saved from sin. Notice that

Hughes frequently mentioned “sin”, “sinner” or “the young sinners”

in this essay, which have something to do with what is stated in the

Bible. The Bible says that God created the first man Adam and the

first woman Eve, and then Adam, disregarded God’s warning and

ate the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and so

transformed themselves, as God believed, from primal innocence to

a knowledge of a evil. As punishment, Adam and Eve were

banished from the garden. Christianity holds that this original sin,

man’s first disobedience to God, is passed down to all human

beings, who are descendants of Adam and Eve. Therefore, all men

born sinners.)

Sentence Highlights






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Paragraphs 2

Questions:

(1)What did his aunt tell him about being saved from sin?

(She said that when you were saved you saw a little,

something happened to you inside! And Jesus came

into your life! And God was with you from then on!

She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in

your soul. Notice the metaphorical concepts used by

his aunts were taken literarily by young Hughes.

Examine the repeated use of exclamation marks.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 2

Questions:

(2)Why did Hughes think a lot of old people should know

what his aunt had described to him about being

saved?

(Open. Suggested answer: Hughes probably thought: it

was not new or surprising for you old people to

mention the same thing as my aunt had descried to

me. Since my aunt knew that, you old people ought to

know that too. This shows that young Hughes is very

innocent and naïve.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 3

Questions: (1) What is the relation between “a…sermon”and “all moans…o

f hell”?(“All moans…of hell” is what the sermon is about, that is, it is the

content of the sermon.)(2) Is there any musical or poetic element in the preacher’s song?(yes. In “sing a song”, “ninety and nine “and “little lambs…left”, t

he italicized letters are in alliteration;”fold”and “cold” are in rhyme.)

(3) Why did the little girls cry?(The little girls were supposed to be very timid when they heard

something about the hell and when they were under the pressure of the repeated imposing requests by the preacher, so they cried out of fear. It might also mean that they claimed to have seen Jesus.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 4-5

Questions: (1) How do you interpret the sentence “And the church sang a song about the lower lights are burning…”? (“The church” is metaphorically used to represent the peple in the church, and “the lower lights are burning” is the content of the song. The phrase “lower lights” has a religious and a metaphorical connotation which suggests “light” in human soul is borrowed light just like the moonshine. According to Christian beliefs, when we are living in the light of Savior we shine with his light, Hence, God is the upper light, and we are the lower lights. We live as children of the light, not a s the children as the darkness. If we are dark, and sorrowful, how is the world to know that we the children of peace, and joy, and gladness? Our determination must be to keep our lights burning.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraph 4-5

Questions:(2) Why are the nouns “prayer” and “song” used without articles

or not in the plural?(The nouns “prayer” and “song” are not in the plural or without

articles, because nouns in double expressions with preposition are often used in a way as if they abstract nouns.)

(3) What is the function of “still” at the beginning of Paragraph5 and why is “see” italicized?

(The word “still” is used to show a contrastive relation between Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5. The word “see” is italicized to emphasize the fact that Hughes wanted to see the real image of Jesus, which is the basis of Hughes’ misunderstanding about Christian religion.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraph 6

Questions:(1) Why did Westley get up and claim to be saved? (He was tied of sitting in the hot church for long, surround

ed by sisters and deacons praying for him.)(2) What effect do you think Westley”s behavior exerted

on Hughes understanding of the concept about “being saved”?

(Westley has set a negative example for Hughes that influenced his innocent mind. Hughes did nit know whether other people who claimed to be saved actually see Jesus or not, but he knew that Westley had told a lie in order to save further trouble. This event prepares reader for the final result of the special meeting.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraph 7

Questions:(1) What did other people do for Hughes to be saved?(His dearest and nearest relative, Aunt Reed, and the whole

congregation prayed fir him. And there prayers and songs all around him.)

(2) How did the author express his frustration?(He did not directly say how frustrated he was at that particular

moment, but he implied this by repeating the expression” waiting, waiting, and waiting” to show his desperate hope and by the repetition of “nothing, nothing, nothing” to inform the reader of how frustrated he was.)

(3) Notice in the adverbial clause “while prayers and sons swirled all around me in the little church”, “song” should be in the plural, as can be seen in the next paragraph.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 8-10

Questions:

(1) Why did the minister seem to be urgent to make

repeated to Hughes?

(Maybe it is his duty to help the young people to be

saved, or maybe it is getting late, or maybe it is right

way to urge the hardened young sinners to be

saved.)

(2) Why did Sister Reed sob?

(She was very sad because Hughes was the only child

who was not saved at the revival.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 11-12Questions:(1) Why did Langston begin to feel ashamed?(He began to feel ashamed of himself, because other people in the c

hurch had been waiting for him to be saved for a long time. And it was really getting late and everything was held up so long.)

(2) What did Langston think about westley?(He wondered what god thought about westley, a guy who had told

a lie and was then sitting proudly on the platform, swinging his knickerbockered legs and grinning down at him. He realized that God had not punished Westley for his telling a lie in the church.)

(3) What did Langston finally decide to do in order to avoid further trouble?

(For the purpose of saving further trouble for both himself and other people, he decided to tell a lie and pretended to have seen Jesus.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 13-14Questions:(1) How did people in the church react when they saw

Langston got up?(The whole room broke into a sea of shouting and waves

of rejoicing wept the place. Women jumped into the air and his aunt threw her arms around him. The minister took him by the hand and let him to the platform.)

(2) How did the special meeting for children blessed in the name of God, there was a silent moment which was interrupted by a few ecstatic “Amen’s”, and Christian hymns filled the room.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 15

Questions:

(1) How did the author skillfully end up his recollection of

his childhood experience?

(He mentioned “that night” at the end of the essay as a

reference to the time when the story first started. This

helps to organize the story in a cohesive way.)

(2) Why did Hughes cry that night?

(He cried because he had told a lie to the other people in

the church and himself as well.)






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Paragraphs 15

Questions:

(3) Did Hughes believe in God then? Why?

(He didn’t believe that there was a Jesus anymore,

because he couldn’t find Jesus to earn salvation at

the revival, and because Jesus didn’t go to help him

out of the state of frustration and disappointment.)

(4) Notice in the sentence “That night, for the first time in

my life but one…” “first” should be “last”, as is shown

in some other versions of the story.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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1. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special

meeting for children, ”to bring the young lambs to the

fold.”(Para. 1)

Paraphrase: When the church revival was about to com

e to a close, the Christians in the church gathered tog

ether the children who were considered to be the you

ng sinners for a particular purpose: to be saved by La

mb of God, i.e. Jesus.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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2. The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical

sermon, all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire

pictures of hell … (Para. 3)

Paraphrase: The church minister delivered a religious

discourse, amazing and song-like to the young Hughes,

which was all about the sufferings that the souls of the

wicked were going through in hell.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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3. And little girls cried. And some of them jumped up and

went to Jesus right away. (Para.3)

Paraphrase: After a series of religious services

conducted by the preacher, it was the litter girls who girls

started to cry (out of fear, perhaps), and then some girls

sprung up from the mourners’ bench, and immediately

headed for the platform where there was a crucifix of Jesus.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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4. And church sang a song about the lower lights are burning, some poor sinners to be saved. (Para.4)

Paraphrase: The people in the church, in praise of God, sang a hymn which born the content of the young sinners having seen the lights of God and their having earned salvation. (Notice” the lower lights” can be interpreted as this: according to Christianity, human light, just like the moonshine, is borrowed light. When humans are living in the light of the Savior they shine with His Light. Hence, God is the upper light, and human beings are the lower lights. Human beings must live as children of the lights, not as children of the darkness. If they are dark and sorrowful, how is the world to know that they are children of peace, and joy, and gladness? Humans’ determination must be to keep the lights burning. )






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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5. Still I kept waiting to see Jesus. (para.5)

Paraphrase: In spite of all that had happened in the

church, I remained waiting for Jesus to appear and

waiting to see him with my naked eyes.

6. I began to be ashamed of myself, holding everything

up so long. (para.11)

paraphrase: I start to feel guilty of having kept others

waiting for me to be saved for such a long period of

time.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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7. I began to wonder that God thought about Westley, who certainly hadn’t seen Jesus either, but who was now sitting proudly on the platform, swinging his knickerbockered legs and grinning down at me. (Para.11)

paraphrase: I wished to know what God thought of Westley. From what Westley had told me before, I knew that he definitely had not been saved by Jesus. Contrary to my expectation that God might punish him severely, he was then sitting on the platform, showing his satisfaction and pleasure by moving his loosely-trousered legs back and forth. What’s more, he was smiling broadly at me who was still waiting for Jesus to come.






Questions

Sentence Highlights

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Text Appreciation Text Appreciation

The text is a story that gives an account of the author’s

childhood experience at a church revival and the subsequent

events. It is characterized by three major features, i.e. the ironic

title; repetitions for creating a tense atmosphere and short-

sentence paragraphs for variety; the chronological order of plot

presentation, and the appropriate and vivid descriptions that

serve well the theme of the text; conformity can be both

beneficial and burdensome. The author gave in to conformity at

a church revival and in turn, found himself feeling both

frustrated and disappointed.

Language Appreciation






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1. I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But

not really saved. It happened like this. (Para. 1)

This initial part of the text shows a paradoxical theme of

the story. The second sentence is a transitional

sentence in the development of the narrative. Without

the theme, the story will not be worth telling; without

the transitional sentence, the story will not be

cohesive.






Text Appreciation


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2. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching,

singing, praying, and shouting, and some very

hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the

membership of the church had grown by leaps and

bounds. (Para.1)

The three coordinate sentences connected by the

conjunction and give a very clear presentation of the

information in content organization, each tells three

different but coherent events in the religious scenario.






Text Appreciation


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3. My aunt told me … from then on! (Para.2)

The three exclamatory sentences indicate that the

author’s aunt was a very pious Christian. It seems

that the author then literarily believed what his aunt

had said. The sentences may imply both Aunt Reed’s

voice and Hughes’ own voice. They are very effective

in character description.






Text Appreciation


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4. Suddenly the whole room broke into a sea of shouting … to

the platform. (Para. 13)

Notice the author’s skilled method of building up the climax of

the story.

The author showed the excitement in the church over Hughes’

salvation by giving vivid descriptions of different people’s

behavior: the whole room (the people in the church),

women, my aunt and the minister.






Text Appreciation


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5. Still I kept waiting for see Jesus … “Langston,” my

aunt sobbed … So I got up.

These three sentence show the variation of paragraph

structures of the story, each of which helps to

emphasize the theme. The first sentence indicates

that Hughes firmly believed that Jesus existed and

that he could see Him with his naked eyes. This is

where the problem lies: children do not know adults

use a lot of concepts metaphorically. The second

sentence creates the decisive pressure on Hughes to

tell a lie. And the third sentence shows the outcome

of the revival meeting.






Text Appreciation


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Activity 1

Pair works

Have the students work in pairs and ask each other the fol

lowing questions:

Where do you prefer to live, big cities, suburbs or rural ar

eas? Do you feel more comfortable in some place ？ How mi

ght your feelings in this regard have affected your way of rea

ding this essay?

Activity 2

Activity 3






SalvationUnit 15

Group work

Divide the students into groups to do the following tasks:

Try to find different behaviors of the young and the old in

the essay, and write them down, and then compare your

findings.

Write something about your own experience of an

important occasion when you were about the same age.

Relate any of your experiences to Hughes’s to see if there is

any difference.






Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

SalvationUnit 15

Divide the students into groups, each of which may consist

of three or four. Discuss the following questions: An Australia

n teacher was dismissed from her job for telling her class of

youngsters that Santa Claus does not exist. What is your opi

nion about this?






Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

salvation unit 15 section one: cultural information section three: text understanding section four:...

Documents

activities section

text understanding section

text appreciation section

cultural information

word salvation

word study salvation

salvation unit

cultural influence