SALW Control, Security & Development

4.11

Overview• Introduction

• DDR and SALW Control

• International agreements

• SALW Control measures

• Guiding principles

• Types of SALW Control programmes

• The components of an SALW Control programme

• SALW Control and Security Sector Reform (SSR)

Introduction• What is SALW Control?

– Refers to “those activities, which, together, aim to reduce the impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation and misuse in individual, community and national security”

• SALW Control, Security and Development

– Influenced by the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens

DDR and SALW Control• DDR focuses on ex-combatants

– SALW Control component should be established to focus on wider arms control

• Sustainable peace requires a SALW Control programme – Short-term stability – Long-term peace consolidation

DDR SALW CONTROL

Usually takes place ‘post conflict’ Can take place at any time

Can include all weapons and ammunition types

Usually restricted to weapons and ammunition of less than 100mm calibre

Supports some form of peace process and broader recovery Supports a national SALW Control strategy

Undertaken as a specific mandate in support of the ‘peace process’

Supports Security Sector Reform (SSR), social and economic development

‘Targets’ or ‘Beneficiaries’ are normally Armed Forces, Groups or Factions

‘Targets’ or ‘Beneficiaries’ can be Individuals, Civilian Groups, Communities, Governments, Former Warring Factions, Terrorists or Criminals

International Agreements

• ECOWAS Moratorium

• EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports

• EU Joint Action on SALW

• EU SALW Strategy

• Nairobi SALW Protocol

• OAS Firearms Convention

• OAS SALW Resolution AG/RES.1968 (XXXIII-O/03)

• OSCE Document on SALW

• OSCE Document on Conventional Ammunition

• OSCE Decision on MANPADS

SALW Control Measures• Measures to consider:

– Cross border control issues– Legislative and regulatory measures– SALW surveys– SALW awareness and communications strategies– SALW collection operations– SALW destruction operations – Management of information– SALW stockpile management

• Aim and operational objectives of SALW Control programmes

Guiding Principles• Safety

• Control

• Transparency

• Sustainability

• Legitimacy

• Impartiality

• Replicability

Types of SALW Control Programmes

• Directed programmes• Co-operative programmes

• Buy Back• Guns for Food or Goods• Weapons in Exchange for Development• Weapons in Competition for Development• Weapons Linked to Development

– Linkages to reintegration incentives and training

• National control programmes

• National ownership

• Matrix of SALW collection incentive options

• ‘Targets’ for SALW control intervention programmes

The Components of a SALW Control Programme

• Formation of a National SALW Commission• Acceptability of weapons• Assessment of the SALW threat

– Four major components of a comprehensive SALW Survey, • Small Arms Distribution Assessment (SADA) • Small Arms Impact Survey (SAIS)• Small Arms Perception Survey (SAPS)• Small Arms Capacity Survey (SACS)

The Components of a SALW Control Programme (cont.)

• Planning of a national SALW Control programme

• Planning of a national SALW awareness programme.

• Funding of an SALW programme

• Development of an amnesty plan

• Development of national legislation

• Development of the collection and destruction plan

The Components of a SALW Control Programme (cont.)

• Accounting for weapons

• Implementation of the collection plan

• Implementation of the destruction plan

• Monitoring and verification of the SALW programme

• Development of a cross-border SALW movement prevention programme

• Evaluation of the SALW programme

SALW Control and Security Sector Reform (SSR)

• Weak security sector creates demand for SALW

• Demand for weapons is directly related to perception of threat

• SALW Control and SSR operational relationships

SALW Control and Security Sector Reform (SSR) (cont.)

• The following should be examined for SALW in SSR– Analysis of SSR should include a SALW Control

component– The functional areas of SALW Control – SSR interventions should be coordinated with SALW– Obtain information on community perceptions – SSR should be supported by a SALW Awareness

campaign

Government Development and Implementation of National SSSR plan. Management Information The National SALW Control Strategy should be a component part of any

national SSR plan, with cross linkages clearly identified.

Armed Forces

Armed Forces Capacity Building and Restructuring

SALW DestructionSALW Stockpile Management

The security and destruction of surplus stocks of SALW is a fundamental requirement of the logistic component of any armed forces restructuring.

Counter-Terrorism Operations SALW CollectionSALW Stockpile Management

Linkage in terms of denying the terrorist access to illegal weapons hides or theft from government facilities.

Police

Police Capacity Building and Restructuring SALW Destruction Much smaller scale than the military requirements, and should be coordinated as a central destruction programme.

Offensive Search and Seizure Operations SALW Collection Linkage in terms of denying criminal access to SALW.

Defensive Search and Seizure Operations SALW Collection

Counter-Terrorism Operations SALW CollectionSALW Stockpile Management

Linkage in terms of denying the terrorist access to illegal weapons hides or theft from government facilities.

Community Based Policing SALW Awareness A SALW Awareness component should in included in any CBP programme.

Critical Incident Scene Examination (CISE) Management Information Development of technical methodologies and protocols for dealing with SALW of evidential value.

Countering organised crime. SALW CollectionSALW Stockpile Management Disruption and denial of criminal access to SALW.

Post Incident Analysis Management Information (SALW Survey) See CISE

Weapons Intelligence Management Information (Statistics) Weapons intelligence agencies must maintain close links with any SALW Control operation.

See Armed Forces

Development of Legislation

Legislative and Regulatory Issues Legislation, guidelines and monitoring of SALW exports, transfers and internal civilian possession and use.

Marking and Tracing

SALW Production Restrictions

Cross Border Controls

Appropriate legislation to control their carriage and use of weapons must be developed and implemented.