Same sandstone portal figure photographed in 1969.

Sandstone portal Figure on Herten Castle in Ruhr district of Germany. Sculpted 1702; photographed in 1908.

WHAT HAS CAUSED THIS TO HAPPEN???

Engage

What is emitted from the following?

ACID RAIN

ACID RAINACID RAIN

ACID RAIN

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

O O

O OO O

O O

O O

O OO O

O O

Some effects of acid rain…Explore

Acid Rain Effects

• Lakes/water become more acidic killing or damaging fishes.

•Damages and can eventually kill trees- attacking soil nutrients, roots and leaves.

•Damaging buildings and stone work.How will you use neutralisation as a preventive measure for acid rain?

Acid Rain• Rain is naturally slightly acidic

(contains carbon dioxide dissolving in it producing Carbonic Acid)

• When water vapour is combined with certain pollution it makes the rain more acidic.

• 5.0-5.5

Explain

Acid Rain Causes• When fossil fuels are burnt they release Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides

• They mix with water vapour in clouds to make dilute sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

• This then falls as acid rain!!!!!!• The main causes are cars and power stations

ACID RAIN WORD EQUATIONS

Sulfur dioxide + water  → Sulfuric acidNitrogen oxide + water → Nitric acid

ACID RAIN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

CaCO3 + H2SO4 --> CaSO4 + H2CO3

NEUTRALIZATION EQUATION

Preventive Measure• Flue Gas Desulphurisation

(FGD)• Removes sulphur dioxide

from flue gas (waste gases)• Consists of a wet scrubber

and a reaction tower equipped with a fan that extracts hot smoky stack gases from a power plant into the tower• Lime or limestone

(calcium carbonate) in slurry form is injected into the tower to mix with the stack gases and reacts with the sulphur dioxide present

• Produces pH-neutral calcium sulphate that is physically removed from the scrubber

Elaborate

Consolidate

To explain the process of acid rain using the storyboard and pictures in your own words.• You must describe how acid rain is

neutralized• Present in the form of a poster

Evaluate

Clues

1. Electricity is made in power stations by steam turning a turbine.

2. When fuels burn they release gases.

3. H2SO4 is the chemical formula for Sulphuric Acid.

4. HNO3 is the chemical formula for Nitric Acid.

5. CaCO3 is the chemical formula for limestone.

What is acid rain

Power stationsCoal

ElectricitySulfuric acid

CarslorriesFuel

Nitric acidatmosphere

What are the effect?

LakesAcidic

Lowers pHNo oxygenDead fish

Dead treesBuildingsLimestone

corrode

  Sulphur dioxide

  Nitrogen oxides

pH 7

<pH 5

  O2

CaCO3 + H2SO4 --> CaSO4 + H2CO3