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1

ikjn”khZ tu&ljdkj

¼iktl½

“kgj esa Hkz’Vkpkj&eqDr l”kDr

ljdkj dh ;kstuk

vadqj frokjh

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in

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2

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING

RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001

Website: www.educreation.in

________________________________________________________________

© Copyright, 2014-19, Ankur Tiwari

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.

ISBN: 978-93-5373-082-6 Price: Rs.30.00

The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the authors and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation or the Editors .

Printed in India

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3

lkjka”k

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

ikjn”khZ tu&ljdkj ¼iktl½ iwjs “kgj dh gj lM+d&xyh esa

vkSj lHkh ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa o laLFkkuksa esa lhlhVhoh dSejs yxkus]

mldh fuxjkuh ds fy, lsUVªy ekfuVfjax :e cukus vkSj “kgj

ds lHkh ljdkjh dk;ksZa dh f”kdk;r ij 24 ?kaVs esa dk;Zokgh vkSj

7 fnuksa ds Hkhrj fujkdj.k ds fy, gsYiykbZu uEcj pkyw djus

dh ifj;kstuk gSA

“kgj okfl;ksa ls fuosnu gS fd] os bl ifj;kstuk dks ykxw

djkus ds fy, gels tqM+sa vkSj viuh jk; ge rd igq¡pk,¡A

leFkZu nsus ds fy, Misscall djsa

97119-66466

gels tqM+us vkSj viuh jk; nsus ds fy,%

www.ankurtiwari.in

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Hkwfedk

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

gekjs ns”k dk ljdkjh flLVe vkf[kj D;ksa Qsy gS\

tgk¡ 100 esa ls 90 dks Hkz’V vkSj ykijokg dgk tk jgk gS]

ogk¡ lq/kkj vkSj ifjorZu dSls laHko gS\

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

gekjs ns”k esa vkt gj dk;Z ds fy, ljdkjh foHkkx gSa] i<+us ds

fy, ljdkjh Ldwy gSa] bykt ds fy, ljdkjh vLirky gSa]

ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh cgqr cM+h QkSt+ gSA

ysfdu fQj Hkh lM+dksa esa x<+<s vkt Hkh gSa] ljdkjh Ldwy

vkSj vLirkyksa dh gkyr vkt Hkh detksj gh gS] fctyh LiykbZ

dh dksbZ tokcnsgh ugha gS] xfeZ;ksa esa ihus ds ikuh ds fy,

gkgkdkj gksrk gh gS] VªSfQd O;oLFkk ges”kk ykpkj gh yxrh gS]

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5

yksxksa dks vius NksVs&NksVs ljdkjh dk;ksZa ds fy, vkt Hkh fj”or

nsuh gh iM+rh gS] vkfn] vkfn] vkfnA fxuokuk pkgsa rks vufxur

leL;k,¡ vkt Hkh gekjs flLVe esa gSaA

ysfdu vkf[kj bu lcdk gy dSls laHko gS\ ,sls ekgkSy esa lq/kkj

ds fy, dksbZ Hkh dne mBk,¡xs rks og Hkh Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj ykijokgh

dh HksaV p<+ tk,xkA vUuk gtkjs th ds tu yksdiky vkUnksyu

dk mnkgj.k rks gS gh ge yksxksa ds iklA vkf[kjdkj] vkt

yksdiky dkuwu cu pqdk gS ij D;k blls Hkz’Vkpkj lekIr gks

x;k] D;k dkyk /ku Hkkjr okil vk x;k\ mRrj lHkh dks irk

gS] ughaA

blfy, gesa vko”;drk gS] lcls igys ,d ,sls flLVe dks

fodflr djus dh] ftlls ge dksbZ Hkh lq/kkj ds fy, tc dk;Z

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6

djsa rks mls ykxw djk;k tk ldsA pkgs fQj og csgrj lM+d

dk fuekZ.k gks] ;k fQj ljdkjh Ldwy vkSj vLirkyksa dk fodklA

bUgh lc leL;kvksa ds gy ds m|s”; ls geus ikjn”khZ

tu&ljdkj ¼iktl½ rduhd dks fodflr fd;k gSA

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7

izfØ;k &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

ikjn”khZ tu&ljdkj ¼iktl½ dk ifjp;A

iktl ;kfu] ,sls flLVe dk fuekZ.k ftlls ge ljdkjh ra=

esa lq/kkj ds dk;ksZa dks ykxw djk ldsaA

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

tSlk fd] geus igys gh dgk fd] fdlh Hkh ljdkjh lq/kkj

dh dksf”k”k vkt Hkz’Vkpkj vkSj ykijogh dh HksaV p<+ tkrh gS]

vUuk gtkjs th dk yksdiky vkUnksyu blh dk mnkgj.k gSA

blfy, gesa vko”;drk gS] lcls igys ,d ,sls flLVe ds

fuekZ.k dh ftlls ge ljdkjh ra= esa lq/kkj ds dk;ksZa dks ykxw

djk ldsaA

blh rduhd dk uke gS & ikjn”khZ tu&ljdkj ¼iktl½] tks

,d uohu VSduksykWth ij vk/kkfjr iz”kklu dh dYiuk gS] ftls

ge iw.kZ djuk pkgrs gaSA

ikjn”khZ tu&ljdkj ¼iktl½ dks ykxw djkus ds fy, fuEu

nks pj.kksa ij dk;Z gksxk%&

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8

izfØ;k - 1- izkjfEHkd pj.k

iwjs “kgj dh gj lM+d] gj eksgYys] gj xyh esa vkSj lHkh ljdkjh

dk;kZy;ksa vkSj ljdkjh laLFkkuksa ¼tSls Ldwy] dkyst] vLirky½

esa lhlhVhoh dSejs yxk dj ,d lsUVªy flVh ekfuVfjax :e

¼lhlh,evkj½ cukuk gksxkA

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9

izfØ;k - 2- fØ;kUo; pj.k

“kgj esa lHkh ljdkjh dk;ksZa ij f”kdk;rksa ds fy, ,d gsYiykbZu

uEcj tkjh djuk gksxkA tu f”kdk;r foHkkx dh “kgj bdkbZ

dks bl lsUVªy flVh ekfuVfjax :e ls tksM+ dj ;g lqfuf”pr

djkuk gksxk fd] izR;sd f”kdk;r ij 24 ?kaVksa ds Hkhrj dk;Zokgh

gks vkSj leL;k pkgs fdruh Hkh cM+h gks mls lkr fnuksa ds Hkhrj

gy dj fn;k tk,A

¼vkHkkj%& fQYe uk;d] tc ,slh ljdkj dk lapkyu fQYeksa esa o’kZ 2001 esa gh laHko

fn[kk fn;k x;k gS] rks D;k ge mls 2019 esa Hkh gdhdr esa ugha yk ldrs½

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