sample reasoning test

7/26/2019 Sample Reasoning Test

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1 VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

APTITUDE TRAINING

VERBAL REASONING - STUDENTS’ COPY

• Syllogisms

• Course of Action

• Definitely/Probably True/ False

• Cause and Effect

• Strong and Weak Arguments

• Critical Reasoning

• Implicit Stateme nts

• Argument and Counter Argument

Structure of the Class Sheet:

Sr. No. Section Description Time

1 VR StatA look at the distribution of VR

questions that appear in papers5 minutes

2Concept Refresher

and Strategies

Discussion of Concepts and Strategies

for solving VR questions70 minutes

3 Get Set Go Practice Test Based on Concepts 10 minutes

4 Discussion Explanatory Answers of Get Set Go 30 minutes

5 Doubt Solving Resolving the queries of students 5 minutes

6 Home Assignment Practice Tests to be Attempted at Home

Using this sheet:

1. You will be made more comfortable with the Verbal Reasoning questions in the placement test.

2. You have to solve the questions within some time constraints because any test is an assessment

of speed and accuracy.

VR Stat

Typically, the reasoning questions test one's reasoning skills through the inferential questions.

The placement test can have anything from 5 to 25 VR questions. Observing the trends of placement papers,

it can be said that the papers include questions on the following

• Course of Action

• Defini tely/Probably True/ False

• Cause and Effect

• St ron g and Wea k A rgum ents



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APTITUDE TRAINING

• Critica l Reasoning

• Implicit Sta tements

• Arg um en t an d Cou nter Arg umen t

• Para jum bled Statement s

Concept RefresherSyllogisms

Golden Rules:

All X is Y

Y

X

X, Y

Only X is Y

X

Y

X, Y

Some X is Y

X Y

No X is Y

X Y



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APTITUDE TRAINING

CONCEPT CHECK (2 Questions)

1. If rose is red, then it is a flower.

a] Rose i s red b] Rose is a flower

c] Rose is not red

d] Rose is not a flower

(i) a, b(ii) b, a

(iii) c, d

(iv) All of these

(v) None of these

2. Only if rose is red, then rose is a flower.

a] Rose i s red

b] Rose is a flower

c] Rose is not red

d] Rose is not a flower (i) a, b

(ii) b, a(iii) d, c

(iv) c, d

(v) ii and iv


3. Which two statements taken together lead to

the conclusion that ‘Metals are good for health’?

(a) Metals are gold.

(b) Metals are good sources of minerals.

(c) All sources of minerals are good for health.(d) Some metals are good for health.

(e) All gold is good for health.(f) Gold is like silver.

1] a, e 2] b, c 3] b, d4] a, f 5] 1 and 2

DIRECTIONS for question 4: Three statements are

followed by three conc lusions. State whic h of the

conclusion/s follow/s from all the three given

statements.

4. All cakes are breads. Breads are chapathis. Somechapathis are dosas.

1) Some breads are dosas.2) Some cakes may be dosas

3) Some cakes may be chapathis.1] Only 1 follows

2] 2 and 3 follow

3] Only 3 follows

4] Only 2 follows5] All follow

DIRECTIONS for questions 5 to 8: A main statement

is followed by four statements. Mark the pair of state-

ments which logically follows from the main statement.

5. Whenever I compose verses, peacocks dance.

A. I composed verses

B. Peacocks dancedC. Peacocks did not dance

D. I did not compose verses

1] AC 2] BD 3] AD

4] CD 5] DC

6. Rani’s cat becomes remorseful, if Rani cries

over spilt milk.

A. Rani’s cat became remorsefulB. Rani cried over spilt milk

C. Rani’s cat did not become remorseful

D. Rani did not cry over spilt milk 1] CD 2] DC 3] BA

4] AB 5] Both (1) and (3)

7. Either he is a spouse, or he is a mouse.

A. He is a spouseB. He is a mouse

C. He is not a spouse

D. He is not a mouse

1] AD 2] BD 3] CB

4] BC 5] (1), (3) and (4)

8. Either Caesar is a t it le or Julius is Caesar .

A. Caesar is a title

B. Caesar is not a titleC. Julius is not Caesar.

D. Julius is Caesar.

1] AB 2] BA 3] CA

4] CD 5] DC

Definitely/Probably True/False

Pointers:

• R ead the q ues tions ve ry ca ref ul ly.

• Do not rely on external information that is not

mentioned or hinted at in the passage to deriveyour answer.


DIRECTIONS for ques tions 9 to 14: Given below

is a passage followed by several possible inferences

that can be drawn from the facts stated in the

passage. You have to exam ine each inference sepa-

rately in the context of the passage and decide upon

its degree of truth or falsity, and



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APTITUDE TRAINING

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e .,

it directly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though

not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e ., from the

facts given, you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘probably false’, though

not ‘definitely false’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [5], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e .,

it contradicts the given facts.

Broccoli is a member of the cabbage family, and is

closely related to cauliflower. Its cultivation origi-

nated in Italy. Brocco lo , its Italian name, means

“cabbage sprout.” Because of its different compo-

nents, broccoli provides a range of tastes and tex-

tures, from soft and flowery (the floret) to fibrous

and crunchy (the stem and stalk). Do not let the smell

of the sulphur compounds that are released while

cooking, keep you away from this highly nutritious

vegetable.

Human population as well as animal studies consis-

tently show that diets high in cruciferous vegetables,

such as broccoli, kale, cabbage and cauliflower, are

associated with lower incidence of certain cancers,

including lung, colon, breast and ovarian cancer. Now,

research published in the International Journal of

Cancer (Zhao H, Lin J) suggests that bladder cancer

can join the list. Crucifers’ well known cancer-fighting

propert ies are thought to result from their high levelsof active phytochemicals called glucosinolates, which

our bodies metabolize into powerful anti-carcinogens

called isothiocyanates.

9. Crucifers’ cancer fighting abilities result from

glucosinolates.

10. Studies have been conducted on humans for

assessing the benefits of a diet rich in broccoliand similar vegetables.

11. Broccoli grows in I taly the most.

12. People genera l ly do no t like the smel l of

broccol i.

13. Broccol i i s fibrous.

14. Cabbage and cauliflower do not belong to thesame family of vegetables.

Strong and Weak Arguments

A strong argument is one that is

• Relevant• C overs al l t he mos t impor tant asp ect s

• Not vague

• Direct ly related to the main argument

• An argument for or against the statement but

is relevant

A weak argument is one that

• Has li tt le or no fou nda tion in fact s

• Covers only a part of t he is sue

• Seems rela ted but is not relevant

• Is irrelevant

• Repeats or paraphrases the statement (depends

on the options given as well)

• Is vague

• Is merely an exemplification of the statement

• Part ia ll y add resses t he given s ta tem ent

• Generalizes the issue focused on in the state-

ment


DIRECTIONS for questions 15 and 16: Each ques-

tion below is followed by three arguments, I, II and

III. You are to classify them into strong and weak

arguments. Strong arguments must be both impor-

tant and directly related to the statement. Weak

arguments may not be directly related or may be

related to only trivial aspects of the statement and may be of minor importance.

15. Western perceptions about Indian culture and

practices have had a considerable influence onthe self-perception of Indians themselves.

I. Yes: ‘Yoga’, the age-old Indian practice, became more popular in India after it created

waves in the foreign shores.

II. No: Indians are known to have an affinitytowards their culture and traditions.

III. Yes: Westerners believed that India is a landof snake charmers and beggars.

1] Only I is strong

2] Only II is strong

3] I and III are strong

4] Only III is strong

5] All are strong



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APTITUDE TRAINING

16. An atheist does not put his trust in any formof theory.

I. Yes: Buddha was an atheist.

II. No: An atheist believes in the theory of non-

existence of a supreme power.

III. Yes: An atheist believes in God.

1] I and III are strong

2] I and II are strong

3] Only III is strong


5] II and III are strong

DIRECTIONS for ques tions 17 and 18: A strong

argument is one that is both important and directly

related to the statement. A weak argument is un-

important and not related directly or indirectly tothe statement. A statement is given followed by two

arguments, I and II. Classify them into strong or

weak arguments.

Mark [1], if only argument I is strong.

Mark [2], if only argument II is strong.

Mark [3], if either I or II is strong.

Mark [4], if neither I nor II is strong.

Mark [5], if both I and II are str ong.

17. If love is based on the qualities of a person,

then that love is not stable.

I.No:

Love permeates every being on the planet

II. Yes: After some time when the qualitieschange, love becomes shaky.

18. Mexico was enslaved by cruel superstition.

I. Yes: In Mexico, the warring tribes sacrificed

their prisoners to please the gods.

II. No: Mexicans were rational people and

shunned blind obedience to meaningless

rituals.

Implicit Statements

Pointers:

• R ead the given senten ce ve ry ca refu lly• Avoid relying on information that you may have

access to but is not mentioned or alluded toin the statement.

• A mere repeti tion of the statement is not to be considered an implied assumption or infer-ence.

• Pay attention to use of synonymous words or phra ses used as substitu tes in the inferential

statements given.


DIRECTIONS for ques tion 19: Identify which of the

following assumptions is implicit in the main state-

ment.

19. ‘Everyone should have life insurance’, saysan LIC official.

1] The moment a child is born it should be

insured.

2] It does not matter whether you are rich or

poor when it comes to insurance.

3] A life insurance policy benefits the insured.

4] LIC wants to increase the number of itscustomers.

5] Death can strike at any time and one shouldtake care of one’s dependents.

DIRECTIONS for question 20: A main statem ent

is followed by three statements. You have to find

which of these statements is/are assumption/s im-

plic it in the main statement, and mark the correct

option.

20. Although some films are declared tax free, their

tickets are sold at rates that are at par with

other taxed films.

I. Ticket rates for films are not based on taxes

that have to be paid for the films.

II. Tickets for tax free films should be cheaper

than other films.

III. Filmmakers and cinema house owners are

only interested in their profits.

1] Only I 2] Only II 3] Only III

4] II and III 5] I and III

Courses of Action

Pointers:

• The cor rec t op tion should focus on the im-

mediate redressal of the issue at hand.• It should be logical and direct, not inferential.

• Pay a tten tion to the sequence of act ions, if

both are app licable.

• Review, if the course of action is contradictory

in nature or if neither of the actions is animmediate solution.



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APTITUDE TRAINING

CONCEPT CHECK (4 QUESTIONS)

DIRECTIONS for questions 21 to 24: Each state-

ment is followed by 2 other statements.

Mark [1], if only (a) is the course of act ion.

Mark [2], if only (b) is the course of act ion.

Mark [3], if either (a) or (b) is the course of action.

Mark [4], if neither (a) nor (b) is the course of act ion.

Mark [5], if both (a) and (b) are the courses of act ion.

21. Many doctors do not serve in rural India for

the mandatory two year term after their course.

(a) Their medical certification should be revoked

if they fail to do so.

(b) They should be adequately compensated

for their service

22. Blood donation needs to be encouraged.

(a) Blood donation campaigns must increase

to attract more donors.

(b) Blood banks should improve their storage

capacities.

23. Hotels’ kitchens are unhygienic and need to

be improved.

(a) Periodic training in hygiene maintenance

should be given to the kitchen staff of all

hotels.

(b) Those kitchen staff following unhygienic

practices should be immediately sacked.

24. The Internet is a useful source of informationthat has now become the bane of every teacher

who are often asked to verify the originalityof ideas that students present as their own

in a particular project. Various measures have

been suggested to ease the burd en on teach-

ers.

(a) Students should be asked to cite their sourceand then awarded certificates of honesty

for this effort.

(b) Teachers should be provided with softwarethat will help trace the source of the matter

used in a project

Cause and Effect

Pointers:

• R ead the given st at em en ts ca refu lly.• At t im es , t hou gh a comm on top ic or them e

prevai ls in both the statements, the ideas are

actually unrelated to each other.

• Both are independent causes when the focusof the sentence is on the cause, i.e., it is an

action, phenomenon, event or condition andthe effect is implied.

• Generally, when the statements have two parts,

one the cause and the other the effect, then

the two statements would be independent

effects. If merely the effects are given and itcan be easily inferred that they have a common

cause then the corresponding option must be

tick marked.


DIRECTIONS for ques tions 25 to 28: Given below

are two statements (A) and (B). Read each statement

and decide which of the following answer choices

correctly depicts the relationship between these two

statements.

Mark [1], if statement (A) is the cause and statement

(B) is its effect.

Mark [2], if statement (B) is the cause and statement

(A) is its effect.

Mar k [3], if both the stat ements are independent

causes.

Mark [4], if both the statements are effects of in-

dependent causes.

Mar k [5], if both the sta tem ents are effects of a

common cause.

25. (A) Football is becoming more popular in India.

(B) Cricket is losing its popularity in India.

26. (A) Water-logging has caused trains to run late.

(B) Fog has played havoc with airline sched-ules.

27. (A) Over the years, an increase in global tem-

perature has caused the sea levels to rise.

(B) There has been continuous retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice.



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APTITUDE TRAINING

28. (A) Mercury is an excellent conductor of elec-tricity.

(B) Mercury is used in batteries.

Critical Reasoning

Pointers:

• Read the question first

• Id en ti fy t he a rg umen t of t he p assag e

• For mula te an answer in your m in d

• Then review the given options and select the

appropriate one


DIRECTIONS for questions 29 to 32: Read the short

passage and answer the questions that fol low.

29. Mercury can be absorbed through the skin.Workers in the industries that use or produce

mercury and its compounds (mercury mines and

refineries, chemical manufacturing, dental/health

fields, metal smelters) are at risk of exposure.

Workers in fossil fuel power plants and in cement

manufacturing may be exposed to mercury compounds if they are exposed to gaseous process

emissions. Consumers can be exposed to mercuryand its compounds by exposure to air from

pr oduc ti on an d pr ocessin g faci li ti es us in g

mercury and its compounds, and by eating fish

or shellfish contaminated with methyl mercury.

People can also be exposed to mercury from

dental work and medical treatments.

Which of the following can be inferred to be

a valid course of action in the above scenario?

1] One should not stay near factories process-

ing mercury or its compounds.

2] Fish, especially shellfish, should not be

consumed if they are caught from mercury

infested water.

3] Dentists should immediately stop adminis-

tering drugs that have high mercury contentto patients.

4] Workers in factories that use mercury or its

compounds in their production should be

given adequate protection clothing includ-ing masks.

5] Exposure to mercury is not as dangerousas it is made out to be, so no precaution

is required.

30. New Zealand is a popular destination for anumber of countries in Asia and worldwide.

New Zealand was also named the best over-

seas holiday destination in a The Daily Tele- graph poll, the United Kingdom’s largest poll.

Since the start of an advertising campaign by

Tourism New Zealand in 2000, there has been

61% increase in the number of Britons coming

to New Zealand. Tourism New Zealand, thecountry’s official tourism agency, is actively

promoting the country as a destination world-wide. Recent activities include a NZ$7 million

campaign in China, concentrating on Shanghai,

and coop for Google Earth, the first country

to receive such a treatment.

Which of the following is the assumption behind

the whole tourism promotion activity in NewZealand?

1] Actively promoting tourism in New Zealand

will help its tourist industry grow.

2] Of all the Europeans, Britons are the most

interested in New Zealand.

3] Tourism New Zealand is an aggressive

campaigner.

4] The Daily Telegraph received a lot of ads

from New Zealand based companies.

5] If an advertising campaign succeeds inShanghai then it will filter down to other

parts of China as well .

31. There’s a lot of talk these days about the decline

of marriage rates in America. Social conser-

vatives claim that the traditional family is under assault largely from Hollywood movies and gay

pride parades. Liberals point to the economic

factors – from stagnating wages to inadequate

day care – that have put families under increas-ing duress. Nothing seems settled as it was

in the past; our roles and relationships all feelup for grabs.

Which of the following, if true, would mostundermine the claim of the social conserva-

tives?

1] It is certainly true that marriage rates havedeclined steadily since the 1950s in America.

2] In America, 60 percent of all divorces in-

volve children, 33 percent of all children are

born out of wedlock, and 34 percen t of children don’t live with their biological

fathers.



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APTITUDE TRAINING

3] Empirical evidence suggests that there has been a tremendous increase in the wages

of an average American.

4] The decline in marriage rates in America isa result of more Americans delaying mar-

riage to pursue an education or establish

a career.

5] Research suggests that on an average,

married couples have healthier, wealthier

and happier lives.

32. The nature of the Indian identity is significantfor those who live in India. But it is also

important for the very large Indian Diaspora

across the world – estimated to be 20 million

or more in number. They see, rightly, nocontradiction between being loyal citizens of

the country in which they are settled and wherethey are socially and politically integrated

(Britain or the U.S. or Malaysia or wherever),

and still retaining a sense of affiliation and

companionship with India and Indians.

Which of the following inferences can be made

on the basis of the above mentioned paragraph?

1] Most Westerners have a strong sense of kinship with India and Indians.

2] A large number of Indians across the worldare keener on retaining their Indian identity

than the Indians living in India.

3] A majority of Indians live in Britain, the U.S.

and Malaysia.

4] It is important that Indians in India and

abroad preserve their national identity.

5] Indians living abroad need not renounce

their sense of identification with India in

order to be good citizens of the countriesthey are settled in.

Argument and Counter Argument

Pointers:

• Understand the difference between argument,

assertion and counter-argument as given in thequestion itself.

• An argument is a statement meant to convinceanother person about your point of view.

• A n a ss ertion is a point of view .

• A counter-argument con ta ins log ic opposing

the assertion.

• An irrelevant argument would be a statementthat is not at all related.


DIRECTIONS for ques tions 33 and 34: Read the

following instructions and categorize the statements given below according ly:

An ar gum ent is a statem ent meant to convince

another person about your point of view.

An asser tion is a point of view.

A counter -ar gum ent contains logic oppos ing the

assertion.

An irre levant argument is not related to the situ-

ation.

Based on the above definitions, classify each of the

given se t of statements into :

I. Ass ert ion

II. Support ing reason

III . Counter-argument IV. Irr elevant argument

33.

A. Those who don’t like to watch ‘Sach KaSamna’ can watch ‘Rakhee Ka Swayamvar’.

B. Only those who don’t mind offending their

friends and families should take part in theshow ‘Sach Ka Samna’.

C. To be a participant in the show ‘Sach KaSamna’ is to be prepared to face unpleas-

antness in your personal as well as profes-sional life.

D. The questions force the participants toreveal very personal, hitherto well-hidden

thoughts regarding their families and friends.

1] II, I, III, IV 2] III, II, I, II

3] III, I, II, IV 4] IV, I, I, II

5] IV, II , I, III

34.

A. Schools should make it mandatory for stu-

dents to come neatly dressed as neatness

breeds overall well being.

B. There are many children who cannot play

any sport as they don’t have the stamina.

C. Lack of sports in school would certainlymake a child dull and inactive.

D. Sports should be an integral part of the

school curriculum.1] I, II, II, I 2] III, IV, II, I

3] I, II, IV, III 4] III, III, II, I

5] IV, III, II, I



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APTITUDE TRAINING

Jumbled Paragraphs

These questions test the students’ verbal ability and

their reasoning skills. Rules governing tenses, pro-

noun usage, etc; along with vocabulary and structural

organization of ideas within a paragraph are the areas

that one must be familiar with to perform well in this

question type. It also tests one’s organizational skills.

Organizing a paragraph is a left brain activity that

tests logical reasoning and association making skills.

This section will be aided by exposure to a variety

of RC passages wherein thoughts are organized in

different ways.

Jumbled Paragraphs are represented in various ways:

a. Four Sentences Type – Four sent ences of a

paragraph are jumb led up and the student isexpected to identify the correct sequence from

the given options.b. Five Sentences Type – Similar to the four

sentences type except that five sentences are

jumbled up in this insta nce.

c. First and Last Sentences Fixed Type – There

are six sentences in all, but the first and last

of these are fixed and the four sentences in between must be rearranged to form a coherent

paragraph in tandem with the fixed sentences.

Pointers:

1) Read the ent ire sequence fi rs t.

2) Link two sentences at a time.

a. Pay attention to repetitions, use of pro-nouns and the tenses to identify the se-

quence.3) Once you have tentatively identified the se-

quence, eliminate the options one by one.

b. Most IMPORTANT: Read the paragraph

once you have established the sequenceto verify your choice.


DIRECTIONS for questions 35 to 40: The given

sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a logical

sequence and answer the questions that follow it.

A. Mus ic , dance an d pu pp et ry, i nc lu ding the

uniquely Vietnamese water puppetry, are alsomainstays of the country’s culture.

B. Beyond nature, the curious and open-mindedvisitor will find in Vietnam a feast of culture

and history.

C. Also folk art, which flourished before French

colonization, has experienced a resurgence in beautiful woodcuts, village painting, and block

printing .

D. Topographically, Vietnam is a verdant tapestryof soaring mountains, fertile deltas, primeval

forests inhabited by exotic fauna, sinuous rivers,

mysterious caves, otherworldly rock formations,and heavenly waterfalls and beaches.

E. As a language, Vietnamese is exceptionally

flexible and lyrical, and poetry plays a strongrole in both literature and the performing arts.

F. Vie tnamese lacquer a rt , another t radi tional

medium, is commonly held to be the most

original and sophisticated in the world.

G. Vietnam’s climate is as complex as its topog-

raphy.

35. What is the first sentence of the passage?

1] A 2] E 3] G 4] B 5] D

36. What is the third sentence of the passage?

1] E 2] G 3] B 4] C 5] F

37. What is the fourth sentence of the passage?

1] F 2] A 3] C 4] E 5] B

38. What is the fifth sentence of the passage?

1] C 2] D 3] A 4] F 5] E

39. What is the sixth sentence of the passage?1] G 2] F 3] A 4] C 5] D

40. What is the last sentence of the passage?

1] D 2] C 3] F 4] A 5] E



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APTITUDE TRAINING

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 and 2: There are three

statements in each question, followed by three

conclusions, I, II and III. Mark the option where

the conclusion/s logically follow/s from all the three

statements combined.

1.

All penguins are coats.

All coats are white.

All white are pigeons.

I. A ll coa ts a re p ig eon s.

II. All penguins are pigeons.III. All coats are penguins.

1] Only I

2] Only I and II3] Only II and III

4] Only II

5] None of these

2.

No caramel is spi cy.

Chocolate is spicy.

Chocolate is Apple-pie.

I. Some caramel is chocolate.

II. No chocolate is caramel.

III. Some caramel may be Apple-pie.

1] Only I and III2] Only II

3] Only III4] Only II and III

5] None of these.

DIRECTIONS for quest ion 3: Read the passage

below and answer the question that follow.

3. I want to turn now to some foundational issuesabout the role of global interconnections and

human progress. Globalization is a complex phe-nomenon. Some of the fears expressed about

globalization make it sound like an animal -

analogous to the big shark in Jaws - that gobbles

up unsuspecting innocents in a dark andmysterious way. We must have a good look

at this alleged beast, rather than just learn to

shun it.

GET SET GO

CLASS TESTQUESTIONS: 8 TIME: 20 mins.

Which of the following exemplifies the argu-

ment presented in the above paragraph?

1] The subject of genetically modified food is

a contentious one. People who have res-

ervations about GM food should not side

line its potential benefits to the humanityat large.

2] Not much is known about the behaviour of

sharks. Proponents claim that sharks can

be domes ticated like dolphins .

3] Spirituality is an abstract and intricate con-

cept. Some link it to exorcism and wish itaway. However, a careful analysis is neededin this respect

4] Psychology is certainly a difficult subject.The students have to pore over the boring

theories for relentless hours to acquire a

grasp over this subject.

5] Wikipedia is an exhaustive encyclopedia.

People seem to have accepted it despite itsflaws.

DIRECTIONS for question 4: Each ques tion below

is followed by three arguments, I, II and III. You

are to classify them into strong and weak arguments.

Stro ng ar guments mus t be both im po rtant and

directly related to the statement. Weak arguments

may not be directly related or may be related to

only trivial aspects of the statement and may be

of minor importance.

4. Hybrid cars should be used on a mass-scaleto safeguard the environment from harmful pol-

lutants.

I. No: It is not a cost-effective mode of trans-

port.

II. Yes: Hybrid cars use ethanol and solar power,

which do not cause much pollution.

III. Yes: Brazil is the first country that startedusing ethanol as a fuel.


2] Both II and III are strong

3] Only I is strong

4] All are strong5] Only III is weak



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APTITUDE TRAINING

DIRECTIONS for ques tion 5: A main statement is

followed by three statements . You have to find which

of these statements is/are assumption/s implicit in

the main statement, and mark the correct option.

5. I t seem s tha t th e g ov er nm en t’ s effo rt s incontaining swine flu have paid dividends.

People can be seen walking on the roads

fearlessly.

I. Only the government can help eradicate

swine flu

II. The government had an ulterior motive

behind its efforts as it was expecting somedividends.

III. Lack of fear among the masses is an indi-cator of the regulation of swine flu.

1] Only I 2] II and III3] I and III 4] Only III

5] All are implied

DIRECTIONS for question 6: Below are given two

statements (A) and (B). Read each statement and

decide which of the following answer choices


statements.

Mark [1], if statement A is the cause and statement

B is its effect .

Mark [2], if statement B is the cause and statement

A is its effect .

Mark [3], if both statements are independent causes. Mark [4], if both statements are effects of indepen-

dent causes.

Mark [5], if both statements are effects of a com mon

cause.

6. A. N ow ad ays , s he h as st ar te d goi ng for

morning walks.

B. She follows a strict dietary regime

DIRECTIONS for que stion 7: Each statement is

fol low ed by two other sta tements.

Mark [1], if only A is the course of act ion.

Mark [2], if only B is the course of act ion.

Mark [3], if either A or B is the course of action.

Mark [4], if neither A nor B is the cours e of action.

Mark [5], if both A and B are the courses of action.

7. Excessive T.V. viewing is resulting in attention

deficit disorder in many children.

A. Parents should not allow the children towatch television.

B. Children should be made aware of the harmful

effects of watching T.V.

DIRECTIONS for question 8: Read the following instructions and categorize the statements given

below accordingly:

An ar gum ent is a statem ent meant to convince

another person about your point of view.

An asser tion is a point of view.

A counter -ar gum ent contains logic oppos ing the

assertion.

An irrelevant argument is not related to the situ-

ation.

Based on the above definitions, classify each of the

given set of statements into :

I. Ass ert ion

II. Support ing reason

III . Counter-argument

IV. Irr elevant argument

8. A. Seeing how people live in different placesand cultures helps one understand and ap-

preciate human nature .

B. Not everyone can afford to travel exten-sively.

C. Travel broadens the mind.

D. People who travel a lot tend to enjoy new

experiences.

1] II, III, I, IV 2] I, IV, I, III3] IV, III, II, I 4] II, IV, I, IV

5] II, III, II , I



12VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

DIRECTIONS for question 1: There are three state-

ments given followed by three conclusions. Choose

the alternative that follows from all the given state-

ments.

1. All flats are buildings. All buildings are bun-galows.

All bungalows are apartments.

1. Some buildings are flats.

2. All flats are apartments.

3. All buildings are apartments.

1] 1 and 3 follow 2] Only 3 follows

3] Only 2 follows 4] Only 1 follows

5] All follow

DIRECTIONS for ques tions 2 to 6: Give n below is

a passage followed by several possible inferences


passage. You have to exam ine each inference sepa-

rately in the context of the passage and decide upon






Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e ., from the facts given, you cannot draw any conclusion.





Sub-Saharan Africa, whose GDP grew at less than

3% a year through the entire 1990s, grew at 5.1%

in 2004, 5.2% in 2005 and is projected to grow by

5.6% in the fiscal year ending 2006. In other words,

India is growing about 1.5% a year faster than sub-

Saharan Africa. If India is merely doing somewhat

better than the worst performing region in the world,why get euphoric? The fragments of the former Soviet

Union that splintered in 1990 often fared worse than

even Africa. Why is the world economy faring so

well that the worst historical performers are suddenly

looking good? Africans and the fragments of the

HOME ASSIGNMENT

QUESTIONS: 20 TIME: 20 mins.

former Soviet Union are patting themselves on the

back for reforming and becoming so effici ent . But

this is an illusion. The world economy has hit a golden

patch, and a ris ing global tide has lifted all boat s,

even the most pitiful ones. India has benefited from

this rising tide, like others. But it is illusory to think

that our policies and projects have suddenly improved

dramatically and solved our growth problems. When

the global tide falls, so will our growth.

2. India’s GDP grew 6% in the year 2005.

3. That Sub-Saharan Africa and the former Soviet

Union are doing well is an illusion.

4. India’s growth pattern is unlikely to be sus-

tained against a global economic meltdown.

5. The a uthor is eup horic.

6. India’s economic policies have not had anyimpact on India’s economic rise.

DIRECTIONS for questions 7 and 8: Each question

has a statement followed by two courses of action.

A course of action is an administ rative decision to

be taken for improvement, follow-up, or further

action in regard to the problem, policy, etc. Read

the statements and mark:

Mark [1], if only I fol lows as a valid course of action.

Mark [2], if only II follows as a val id course of

action.

Mark [3], if either I or II follows as valid course

of action.

Mark [4], if neither I nor I I follows as a valid course

of action.

Mark [5], if both I and II follow as a valid course

of action.

7. Terrorist activities in the city have been con-tinuously increasing in the last few years.

I. The government should alert the policedepartment to deploy more security checks

at all entries into the city.

II. People should be cautioned and advised

against staying outdoors late at night.



13 VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

8. Cricketers are more attracted to glamour thanthe game they pursue.

I. Cricketers should not be allowed to do brand

endorsements.

II. Cricketers should be compensated highly.

DIRECTIONS for ques tions 9 and 10: Given below

are two statements (A) and (B). Read each statement

and decide which of the following answer choices


statements.

Mark [1], if statement A is the cause and statement

B is its effect .

Mark [2], if statement B is the cause and statement

A is its effect .

Mar k [3], if both the statem ents are independent

causes.

Mark [4], if both the statements are effects of in-

dependent causes.

Mar k [5], if both the sta tem ents are effects of a

common cause.

9. A. There was a huge crowd of buyers at various

shopping outlets in the city.

B. Prices of most of the commodities have gone

up substantially in the recent past.

10. A. Wor ldwide recession has caused uncer -tainty in the private sector job market.

B. Many people are opting for a change to

the public sector.

DIRECTIONS for question 11: Four statements are

followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and

IV. You have to take the given statements to be true

even if they seem to be at variance with commonly

known facts. Read all the conclusions and then

decide which of the given conclusions logically

fol lows from the given statem ents.

11. A. Some mar kets ar e bazaars .

B. Some bazaars are retail.

C. Some retail are carts.D. Some carts are roadside.

I. Some roadside may be bazaars.II. Some retail would be bazaars.

III. Some carts are not bazaars.

IV. Some markets could be roadside.

1] Only II follows

2] I, II and IV follow

3] None follow

4] All follow

5] II and III follow

DIRECTIONS for question 12: Read the following

statements and pick the option in which the third

statement logically follows from the first two state-

ments.

12. A. Sparky is a dog. Some dogs are smart. Sparky

may be smart.

B. Large men are aggressive. Lot is a large

man. Lot is aggressive.

C. Colours are vibrant. Only red is vibrant.

Some red is a colour.D. Some BBC is radio. Some radio is broad-

cast. Some BBC is broadcast.

E. Creatures have veins. Some veins contain blood. All creatu res have blood.

1] Only A and B

2] A, C , D and E3] Only B, C and D

4] All of the above

5] Only A, B and C

DIRECTIONS for question 13: A main statem ent

is followed by three statements. You have to find

which of these statements is/are assumption/s im- plic it in the main statement, and mark the correct

option.

13. Books now need to be sold online.

I. More and more people are purchasing online.

II. People no longer go to bookstores.

III. There are plenty of people using the internetwho are interested in buying books.

1] Only I 2] Only II

3] Only III 4] I and II

5] II and III



14VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

DIRECTIONS for questions 14 to 18: Given below

is a passage followed by several possible inferences


passage. You have to exam ine each inference sepa-rately in the context of the passage and decide upon






Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e ., from the

facts given, you cannot draw any conclusion.





A serious accident in which a person was run down

by a car yesterday has aga in focus ed att ent ion on

the most unsatisfactory state of street lighting. No

one expects side roads to be provided with the same

standard of lighting as a main road but unless the

council is prepared to make good its promise as regards

road lighting, it will only be a question of time before

there are further and perhaps more fatal accidents.

14. The accident that occurred was quite serious.

15. The accident occurred at night

16. I t seems tha t the council has p romised to

improve the state of lighting on side roads.

17. There will not be a single accident on the roads

if they are satisfactorily illuminated.

18. Several acciden ts have so far taken place

because of unsatis fac tory ligh ting .

DIRECTIONS for question 19: Read the passage

below and answer the question that follows.

To be able to know yourself or to judge your actions,

you need to understand tarka, vitarka and kutarka.

Kutarka is wrong logic. Most people use this logic

and get caught up in ignorance. For example, God

is love. Love is blind. Therefore, God is blind. Tarkais sequential logical understanding which increases

scientific knowledge. When sequential logical under-

standing changes, the scientific conclusions change.

For example, pesticides and antibiotics were consid-

ered very useful and harmless, but they are now proven

to be harmful. Vitarka is asking questions such as

“Who am I?” “What do I really want?” to which there

are no evident answers.

19. Identify the thought flow of the above para-graph.

1] The author presents certain concepts and

then describes them in descending order.

2] First a problem statement is mentioned and

then three probable solutions are presented.

3] The author defines three concepts and then

provides a compara tive analysis of the three

4] A question is raised and then some answers

are provided with relevant examples.

5] The author enumerates certain concepts,

defines them and then elaborates on the

definitions through relevant examples.

DIRECTIONS for question 20: Each stat ement is

followed by two other sta tements.

Mark [1], if only A is the course of act ion.

Mark [2], if only B is the course of act ion.

Mark [3], if eithe r A or B is the course of action.

Mark [4], if neithe r A nor B is the cours e of action.

Mark [5], if both A and B are the courses of action.

20. Recession has largely affected the stock-market,

because of which the investors witnessed huge

losses.A. Stock markets must be closed.

B. Investors must wait for at least a year before

making future investments.



15 VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

1.

Apartments

Bangalows

Buildings

Flats

The questions demands that all the three statements

be considered when arr iving at the answer. Thus , the

first conclusion is ruled out as it merely requires thefirst premise to deduce it. The third premise requires

merely the last two premises to arrive at the con-

clusion.

Only the second conclusion can be deduced by

considering all the three given statements. Hence,

[3].

2. The first two sentences of the passage clearly state

that the Sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP grew at 5.2% in

2005, while India’s GDP grew 1.5% a year faster.

Thus, it grew at 6.7%. So the inference is definitely

false. Hence, [5].

3. The sixth and seventh sentences of the passage clearly

state that the notion that Africa and the former Soviet

Union have reformed and become efficient is anillusion. So the inference is definitely true. Hence,

[1 ]

4. Read the last three sentences of the passage. The

last sentence states that India’s growth pattern will

be advers ely affected by the glob al mel tdown of

economy. Hence, [1].

5. The tone of the passage clearly indicates that the

author is warning the readers against being euphoric.

Read the third sentence of the passage: the author

questions the need for euphoria. Hence, [5].

6. The impact of India’s economic policies have not

been ment ioned. It is merely stated tha t there has

been no dramatic improvemen t, which does not imply

the lack of any effect of economic policy. Hence,

[3].

7. Terrorist activities could be the result of not scru-

tinizing those who enter the city and thus A is a

valid course of action leading to a decrease in the

terrorist activities in the city. However, advising people

to not to go out late in the night is not relevant

becau se ther e could be emergencies. Hence, [1].

8. The given statements do not offer a solution to wean

the cricketers from glamour to make them focus on

cricket or to glamourise cricket. Hence, [4].

9. Both statements A and B are actually contradictory

in nature as an increase in prices will not lead to

a profusion of buyers in the market. A may be the

result of some promotional activity going on in the

shop. B may be an effect of overall inflation. Thus

both are effects of independen t causes. Hence, [4] .

10. Uncertainty in the job market worldwide could lead

to a distrust in the private sector that is known for awarding pink slips when its economy is not healthy,

unlike the public sector that is concerned about the

job security of its employees and thus may lead to

a shift in sector preferences. Hence, [1].

11 .

Roadside

Carts

Retails

Bazaars

Markets

or

Roadside

Carts

Retails

Bazaars

Markets

The above figures illustrate that the given statements

I, II and IV are valid. Hence, [2].

Home Assignment - Explanatory Answers



16VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

12 . Le t u s consider ea ch se t:

A.

Smart

Dog

Sparky

Or

Dog

Smart

Sparky

As is seen, there are two possible Venn diagrams.

While the first one indicates that Sparky is smart,

the second indicates that he is not. Hence, [A] is

valid as it only indicates the possibility of Sparky

being smar t.

B.

Lot

Large men

Aggressive

Since all large men are aggressive and Lot is a large

man, we can conclude that Lot is also aggressive.

So [B] is valid.

C.

Colours

Vibrant

Red

As can be seen, some red is definitely colour. Hence,

[C] is valid.

D.

BBC Radio

Broadcast

Or

BBC Radio

Broad cast

As can be seen, some BBC may or may not be broadcast.

Hence, [D] is not valid.



17 VR test

APTITUDE TRAINING

E.

BloodVeins

Creatures

Or

Blood

Veins

Creatures

There are two possible diagrams and while the second

one indicates that all creatures have blood, the

poss ibility of the first interpret ation renders E invalid.

Hence, [5].

13. Statement I is too vague. Even if people indulge in

online transactions, they may not be interested in

buying books. Stat ement II also does not give the

reason why books should be sold online. If statement

III is true, then it provides the reason as to why

books should be sold onlin e. Hence, [3] .

14. In the first sentence, the passage states that the

accident was serious. The last sentence goes on to

state that the accidents in future may prove to be

fatal. So the statement is definitely true. Hence, [1].

15. The accident was a result of inadequate street lighting

which is a concern for night travellers. Hence, [1].

16. Refer to the last sentence, The council had promised

to improve the lighting on the side roads. Hence,

[1].

17. The passage focuses on the cause of accidents as

lighting, but does not make any claims as to the

effectiveness of lighting as the solution to all road

accidents. So the data is inadequate. Hence, [3].

18. Refer to the first sentence: the use of the word ‘again’

indicates that this statement is true. But we do not

know whether there were several accidents or just

two or three. So the inference is probably true. Hence,

[2].

19. The author does not describe the concepts in de-

scending order. Thus, [1] is ousted. The author does

not seek to present any probable solutions for a given

problem. So, [2] is invalid. [3] is incorrect as nocomparative analysis is presented. The author does

not raise any question. So, [4] is negated. Only [5]

captures the thought flow of the passa ge as the concepts

of tarka, vitarka and kutarka are enumerated, and

then, definitions along with some examples are given.

Hence, [5].

20. A would further aggravate the situation and is not

a feasible solution. B seems plausible at first glance

but it sha ll not help the inves tors who’ve alrea dy

incurred losses. Hence, [4].

sample reasoning test

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