sample stf05501

TECHNICAL CORRECTION February 2002

Process Industry Practices Structural

PIP STF05501 Fixed Ladders and Cages

SAMPLE

DO NOT REMOVE

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team and will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP.

PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice. PRINTING HISTORY November 1994 Issued August 2000 Technical Correction December 1999 Revision February 2002 Technical Correction

Not printed with State funds

TECHNICAL CORRECTION February 2002

Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 9

Process Industry Practices Structural

PIP STF05501 Fixed Ladders and Cages

Table of Contents

1. Introduction..................................2 1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2 1.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References....................................2 2.1 Process Industry Practices................ 2 2.2 Industry Codes and Standards.......... 2 2.3 Government Regulations................... 3

3. Design...........................................3

List of Details Side Elevation............................................ 4 Minimum Clearances at Unavoidable

Obstructions ...................................... 4 Minimum Clearances for Ladder Wells

and Platforms .................................... 4 Section A-A - Step Through....................... 5 Detail 1 - Rung Detail ................................ 5 Section B-B - Typical Cage ....................... 6 Ladder Cage at Elevated Platform ............ 6 Section C-C ............................................... 6 Side-Step Ladders..................................... 7 Section D-D - Cage at Side Step............... 7 Detail 2 - Supporting Connection to

Concrete ............................................ 8 Detail 3 - Ladder Base Details................... 8 Detail 4 - Supporting Connection to

Steel................................................... 9 Detail 5 - Guide Connection to Steel ......... 9

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE

PIP STF05501 TECHNICAL CORECTION Fixed Ladders and Cages February 2002

Page 2 of 9 Process Industry Practices

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose This Practice provides the fabricator and erector with a standard fixed ladder and cage design to be used in process industry facilities. This Practice also provides process industry companies with design guide information to be used in specifying and locating fixed ladders and cages.

1.2 Scope This Practice shows the design details for fabrication and installation of typical Occupational Safety and Health Administration-regulated ladders for structures, miscellaneous platforms, and vessels for regular operational access/egress.

These details are intended to be issued to the fabricators supplying these ladders and to the erectors for use in installation.

Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, the design drawings, or other contract documents shall be brought to the attention of the buyer for resolution.

2. References

Applicable requirements in the following PIP Practices, codes and standards, and government regulations shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP) – PIP STS05120 - Fabrication of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel – PIP STS05130 - Erection of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel

2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) – ANSI A14.3 - American National Standard for Ladders−Fixed−Safety

Requirements

• American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) – ASTM A36/A36M - Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel – ASTM A123 - Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings on

Products Fabricated from Rolled, Pressed, and Forged Steel Shapes, Plates, Bars, and Strips

– ASTM A307 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners

– ASTM A385 - Standard Practices for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)

SAMPLE


TECHNICAL CORRECTION PIP STF05501 February 2002 Fixed Ladders and Cages

Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 9

2.3 Government Regulations The following government document has been used as a reference in the development of this Practice.

• U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Regulations 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D (Walking-Working Surfaces)

Modifications or deviations from this Practice should be reviewed by appropriate personnel to assure compliance with applicable safety regulations and requirements by state or local agencies that have jurisdiction where the ladder is to be erected.

3. Design

3.1 The project design drawings and data sheets specify the ladder location and orientation, whether or not a cage is required, special fabrication details, and any changes to the requirements of this Practice. Unless noted otherwise on the contract documents, a self-closing double bar safety gate, in conformance with OSHA, shall be provided for all ladders.

3.2 All structural material shall be ASTM A36 steel unless otherwise noted.

3.3 The entire ladder shall be welded construction except as shown. All welds shall be smooth, continuous, and sealed. Fabrication shall comply with PIP STS05120.

3.4 All ladder bolts shall be 5/8-inch (16-mm) ASTM A307 bolts unless otherwise noted.

3.5 Ladder rung design is based on a 200-pound (890-N) concentrated live load.

3.6 Ladder connections are designed for a maximum total load (dead plus live) of 1000 pounds (4.4 kN) on one side rail.

3.7 Cages shall be provided on ladders of more than 20 feet to a maximum unbroken length of 30 feet, where the length of ladder refers to the vertical distance between landings. Cages are also required on ladders less than 20 feet in length where the ladder is located at an elevated platform that does not provide adequate fall protection. Consideration of cage protection for these applications should be made in the design process for each particular case. Ladder safety devices may be used in lieu of the required cage protection.

3.8 Ladder assemblies shall be coated after fabrication in accordance with the design drawings and specifications governing the project.

3.8.1 Galvanizing (when required) shall be done after fabrication and in accordance with PIP STS05120.

3.9 Erection of ladders shall comply with PIP STS05130.

SAMPLE


1'-3

1'-3

FRO

NT

BA

CK

CL

MINIMUM CLEARANCES

MA

X.

OMIT 2 VERT.BARS AT SIDE-STEP PLATFORMS

SIDE ELEVATION

FLOORLINE

FLOORLINE

3'-6

HIGH POINT (H.P.)OF WALKING

BAR CONNECTIONTO RAILING

FOR SIDE ACCESS, SEESECTION D-D, PAGE 7

A

DETAIL 3

DETAIL 1, PAGE 5)

DETAIL 2, PAGE 8

DETAIL 5

2 1/2 x 3/8 (63 x9)BAR UNSUPPORTEDLENGTH NOT TO EXCEED

3 x 3/8 (75 x 9) BARUNSUPPORTED LENGTHNOT TO EXCEED

4'-0

(120

0)

3'-6

(105

0) 7(MIN.) (178)

12 (300) (MAX.)

7'-0

(213

4)

HEA

DRO

OM

AT

SID

E A

CC

ESS

MA

X (T

YP.

)

4'-0

(120

0)4'

-0 (1

200)

(7) VERTICALBARS1 1/2 x 1/4(38 x 6)

4 (100) FLARE

3 x 1/4 (75 x 6) BAR FOR TOP, BOTT.,AND 20 FEET (6000)

7'-0

(213

4) (M

IN.)

8'-0

(240

0) (M

AX

.)

1'-0

(300

)

2 x 1/4 (50 x 6)BAR FOR INTERMEDIATEHOOPS SPACED, 4'-0(1200) MAX. C. TO C.

3 x 1/4 (75 x 6)BAR FOR TOP, BOTT.,& 20 FEET (6000)C. TO C. INTERMEDIATE

2'-6 (762)7 (178)(3

81)

(381

)

UN

SUPP

ORT

ED L

ENG

TH

SMOOTH BAR RUNGS1'-0 (300) C TO C (SEE

10 FEET (3000)

18 FEET (5400)

HOOPS

PAG

E 5

(105

0)

C3 x 4.1 (C76 x 38)

UNSUPPORTED LENGTH

29'-6 (8850)

3/4 (20) DIA.

UN

SUPP

ORT

ED L

ENG

TH

NOT TO EXCEED

LESS THAN 7 (178)

WHEN DISTANCE TO ANY UNAVOIDABLEOBSTRUCTION (INCLUDING INSULATION)IS LESS THAN 7 INCHES (178), PROVIDEMINIMUM HAND AND TOE CLEARANCESAS SHOWN.

LADDERLC

1 1/2

(39)MIN. 4

1/2

(115

)M

IN.

MINIMUM CLEARANCES

AT UNAVOIDABLE OBSTRUCTIONS

SURFACE

C. TO C. INTERMEDIATE HOOPS.

FOR LADDER WELLS

FOR SIDE ACCESSEXTEND LADDER

A

TOP OF RUNG EVEN WITH FLOOR LINE

DPAGE 7D

BBPAGE 6

PAGE 9

PAGE 8

2'-3 (686)

OTHER

OBSTRUCTIONS

SMOOTH WALL

OR 4, PAGE 9

AND PLATFORMS

1 1/

2

(39) MIN

.

DIMENSIONS ARE GIVEN IN FEET AND/OR INCHES. METRIC DIMENSIONSIN PARENTHESES ARE IN MILLIMETERS, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.

PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

FABRICATION/INSTALLATION DETAILS

PAGE OF 9 FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS

STF05501SEPTEMBER 2001

4

STF05501

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE

RUNG DETAIL

STEP-THROUGH

SECTION A-A

DETAIL 1

CHANNELRAIL

RAILBAR

3/16 (5) 9 (225)

LC13/16 (21) DIA.HOLE IN RAIL

9 (225)

CL

NOTE: USE SELF

BAR SAFETYGATE AS REQ'D.

1'-6 (450)

CLOSING DOUBLE

3 (75)

BY OSHA.

RAILING

3 (75)

3 (7

5)4

(100

) TOP OF TOP

LINEWITH FLOOR RUNG EVEN

BAR CONNECTIONTO RAILING

HOLE IN RAIL13/16 (21) DIA.

PAGE 4

PAGE 4

3/16 (5)




PAGE OF 9 FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS


5

STF05501

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE

RUNGS

LA

DD

ER

(TOP RAIL)

EXTENDED VERT. BARS

TOP OFPLATFORM

EXTENDED VERTICAL BARS

RAILING

RAILING(TOP RAIL)

TOP OF RAILING

1'-0 1'-0

1'-0

BARS EQUALLY SPACED

SECTION C-C

LADDER CAGE AT

ELEVATED PLATFORM

CC

TYP.TYP.

TYPICAL CAGE

SECTION B-B

PROVIDE STD. CAGE WITH

3 1/2 1'-1 7/8

HOOP BARS

9

WELD ADDITIONAL VERTICALBAR FOR CORNER CONDITION

BOLT TORAILING

RUNGS

TYP.

LADDER

2'-6 (762) MIN.WHEN THIS DIMENSION IS

(300

)

1'-0

(300

)

C

(300)(300)

1'-3

(381

)

PRO

VID

E ST

D. C

AG

E W

ITH

EX

TEN

DED

VER

TIC

AL

BA

RS W

HEN

TH

ISD

IMEN

SIO

N IS

3'-0

(900

) OR

LESS

3- 1 x 1/4 (25 x 6)

7'-0

(213

4) M

IN.

7'-6

(228

6) M

IN.

8'-0

(240

0) M

AX

.

(88) (353)

3/16 (5)

3/16

1'-1 1/2 (343) RADIUS

(225)

1 1/2 x 1/4

(38 x 6)

VERT. BARS

C

CL

LC

L

(5)

MIN

.

4'-0 (1200) OR LESS

3/4 (20) DIA. (SMOOTH BAR)

PAGE 4

PAGE 6

40 DEG.




PAGE OF FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS


6 9

STF05501

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE

SIDE-STEP LADDERS

3 1/2

(88) (353)

1'-1 7/8

40

40

LADDERCL

RUNGSLC DEG

DEG

(258)

10 1/8

2'-0 (611)

OPENING IN RAILING

TERMINATE VERTICALCAGE BARS AT HOOPBELOW PLATFORM.DISTANCE BETWEENFLOOR LINE AND HOOPSHALL NOT EXCEED9 INCHES (225).

PLATFORM

MIN

.

1'-8

(500

)

1'-3

(381

)

MA

X.

NOTE: USE SELF

SAFETY GATE AS CLOSING DOUBLE BAR

REQUIRED BY OSHA.

RAILING

SECTION D-D

9

(225)

2'-6 (762)

MIN.

7 (178) MIN. CLEARANCE

12 (300) MAX. CLEARANCE

CAGES OMITTED FOR CLARITY

LANDING LEVEL

3/4 (20) DIA.CONNECTORS WITHTHREADED ENDS ANDDOUBLE NUTS,SPACED VERTICALLYAT RAILING HEIGHTS

1'-0

(30

0) M

AX

.

1'-3 (381)

MIN.

30'-0

(900

0) (M

AX

.)

BET

WEE

N L

AN

DIN

GS

4'-0

(120

0)

LANDING LEVEL

C LADDERL

CAGE AT SIDE STEPPAGE 4

T.O. RUNG &

RAILING

T.O. RUNG &

1'-6

RAILING

(457)MAX.




PAGE 7 OF 9FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS


STF05501

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE




PAGE 8 OF 9

L3 1/2 x 3 1/2 x 3/8(L88 x 88 x 10)

2-13/16 (22) DIA. HOLES FOR5/8 (16) DIA. ASTM A307OR A36 ANCHOR BOLTS(GALV.) OR EPOXYANCHORS (GALV.) W/MIN. 3 (77) EMBEDDMENT

7

(178)MIN.

3/16 (5)

L3 1/2 x 3 1/2 x 3/8

(9 x 100 x 175)PL- 3/8 x 4 x 0'-7

(L88 x 88 x 10)

3/16 (5)

MIN.

7

(178)

4 1/2

(113)

7

(175

)

(38)

1 1/2 1/2

(13)

1 1/

2

(38)

4

(100

)

3/16(5)

CL

1 3/4

(44)3

(75)

15/16 (25) LC

CHANNELRAIL

BARRAIL

DETAIL 2SUPPORTING CONNECTION TO CONCRETE

ELEVATION AT ELEVATION AT

DIA. HOLE

CHANNEL RAILBAR RAIL

CONNECTION TO WALKING SURFACE OR SUPPORT POINT

1) STEEL OR GRATING: LADDER FABRICATOR TO SUPPLY ASTM A307 5/8 (16) DIA. BOLTS, WASHERS,

2) CONCRETE: LADDER ERECTOR TO PROVIDE GROUT BED AND 5/8 (16) DIA. ASTM A307 OR A36 ANCHOR

NOTE: DETAIL IS NOT TO BE

LADDER BASE DETAILSDETAIL 3

BAR RAILCLCHANNEL RAILCL

ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO

BOLTS OR EPOXY ANCHORS (GALV.) W/3 (77) MIN. EMBEDDMENT.

CONCRETE CONCRETE

AND PLATES 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 1/4 (63x63x6) FOR CONNECTION.

PAGE 4

GA.

USE L5 x 3 x 3/8 (L125 x 75 x 9) BOLTED FOR ADJUSTMENT

13/16 (21) DIA x 3 (75) LONG SLOTTED HOLE IN ANGLE

(USE GUIDE, SEE DETAIL 5,

ALLOW CLEARANCE TOWALKING SURFACE).

PAGE 4

1 1/

2

(38)

3GA.

(75)

(44)

1 3/4

15/16 (25) DIA. HOLE

CLLONG SLOTTED HOLE 13/16 (21) DIA x 3 (75)

IN ANGLE

ADJUSTMENT

(L125 x 75 x 9) USE L5 x 3 x 3/8

BOLTED FOR

(OUTSIDE)

(FINGER TIGHTENED) (FINGER TIGHTENED)

USED ON LADDERS

VESSELS.

AT BOTTOM OF VESSEL.

FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS


STF05501

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE




PAGE 9 OF 9

VESSEL CLIPOR STRUCTURE BAR- 3/8 x 6

(9 x 150) (INSIDE)

2- 5/8 (16) DIA.ASTM A307 BOLTS

3

(75)

1 1/

2

(38)

1/4 (6)

LC

VARIES

LADDERLC

RAIL

DETAIL 4SUPPORTING CONNECTION TO STEEL

1/4 (6)

OR STRUCTUREVESSEL CLIP

BAR- 3/8 x 6(9 x 150) (INSIDE)

VARIES

11/16 (18) DIA. x 2 1/2 (63) LG. SLOTTEDHOLE FOR 5/8 (16) DIA. ASTM A307 BOLT

LC

LC LADDERRAIL

3

(75)

GUIDE CONNECTION TO STEELDETAIL 5

(WITH BOLT HEAD TO INSIDE OF LADDER)

(ONE SET PER LADDER)PAGE 4

PAGE 4

SAMPLE

NOT FOR COMMERCIAL

USE

FIXED LADDERSAND CAGES DETAILS


STF05501

sample stf05501

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