sanatana dharma - hinduheritage.org dharma lesso… · festivals: acharya jayanti •sri...
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Sanatana Dharma
Lesson 15: The Samskāras – Part III
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Śānti Mantras
• ॐ सह नाववतु । स ह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्य ंकरवावहै । तेजस्ववनावधीतमवतु मा ववद्ववषावहै । ॐ शास््तिः शास््तिः शास््तिः ॥
• Oṃ saha nāvavatu | sa ha nau bhunaktu | sa ha vīryam karavāvahai | tejasvināvadhītamastu mā vidviṣāvahai | Oṃ shāntiḥ shāntiḥ shāntiḥ ||
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Śānti Mantras
• Meaning: 1: Om, May God Protect us Both (the Teacher and the Student), 2: May God Nourish us Both, 3: May we Work Together with Energy and Vigour, 4: May our Study be Enlightening, not giving rise to Hostility, 5: Om, Peace, Peace, Peace.
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Sri Śankarachārya
• Sri Rāmānujachārya
• Sri Mādhvachārya
• Sri Basavanna
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Sri Śankarachārya
• 8th century CE
• Great reformer of Sanātana Dharma
• Advaita
• Given title of “Jagadguru”
• Discussion
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Sri Rāmānujachārya
• 1017-1137 CE
• Viśiśta advaita
• Greatly revered by all Vaiṣnavas and respected throughout India
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Sri Mādhvachārya
• 1199-1278 CE
• Dvaita
• Believed to be the third incarnation of Vāyu
• Brilliant and very learned at a very young age
• Pioneer who went against many standard norms and practices of the times
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Sri Basavanna
• 1134-1196 CE
• Given title of “Visvācharya”
• Work to eradicate rigid caste system
• Vācanās
• Istalinga
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Yajur Veda
• Taittiriya Upanisad is part of Yajur Veda and has three sections
• Śiskśavalli
• Brahmānandavalli
• Bhṛguvalli
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Festivals: Acharya Jayanti
• Taittiriya Upanisad’s Śiskśavalli asks the student to abide by some important practices including the following:
• Matṛ devo bhava
• Pitṛ devo bhava
• Acarya devo bhava
• Atithi devo bhava
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Review: The Origin of Samskaras
• Human beings have no choice but to act
• These actions (Karma) are organized into three categories
• Nitya karma (daily)
• Naimittaka karma (occasionally)
• Kāmya karma (to gain some desired end-result)
• Karmas can be performed
• for society (śrauta-karma) or
• for oneself or one’s family etc. (gṛhya-karma)
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Review: The Origin of Samskaras
• Karma should be performed according to the kalpa-śastra or the dharma śastra, which are again based on the Vedas
• There are also “niśiddha karma” or “actions that should be avoided” – the principles of Dharma and Ahimsa should be followed because they are universal
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The Forty Samskaras
• 1-26 Smārta Karmas
• 1-14: Ceremonial saṃskaras
• 15-19: Pañca Maha yajñas
• 20-26: Paka yajñas
• 27-40 Śrauta saṃskaras
• 27-33 Havir yajñas
• 33-40 Soma yajñas
• Note: Antyeśti, the last rite, is not considered a as one of the forty saṃskaras
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The Forty Samskaras
• The Six Nitya Karmas
• 5 Pañca Maha yajñas
• Veda yajñas (ritual pertaining to the Vedas)
• Pitr yajñas (ritual pertaining to ancestors)
• Deva yajñas (ritual pertaining to deities)
• Bhuta yajñas (offering to living beings)
• Nṛ yajñas (hospitality to guests)
• 1 Agnihotra
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The five basic elements
• What are the five basic elements?
• Pṛthvi - earth
• Apaḥ - water
• Agni (Tejaḥ) - fire
• Vayu - air
• Akasa - ether
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Lord Agni in the Stages of Life
• Agni or Fire is also known as pāvāka – a purifier
• Fire is considered worshipful
• Fire is believed to act as a messenger in carrying the “havis” or offerings of the people to the devas
• At each of the four stages of life, one guards the household fire and performs rituals
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Lord Agni in the Stages of Life
• Brahmachari – samidādhāna ritual
• Gṛhasti – agnihotra and aupāsana rituals
• Vanaprasthi - kakṣāgni ritual
• Sannyasi – does not actually perform any ritual but is committed to jñānāgni (life dedicated to pursuit of self-knowledge)
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Lord Agni in the Stages of Life
• Pre-natal saṃskaras – performed by parents
• Post-natal saṃskaras – performed by parents
• Brahmacharya stage
• Upanayana – 1st saṃskara where child actively participates; three nitya karmas asked of child at this stage
• Brahma yajña (to sages)
• Samidādhāna (to Agni for fame, longevity & prosperity)
• Sandhyavandana (to Sun God for brilliance & knowledge)
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Lord Agni in the Stages of Life
• Grḥasta stage
• Vivaha: fire is carried into the home and divided into two parts; these fires are never extinguished
• Gārpatayāgni (for śrauta karmas)
• Aupāsanāgni (for smārta karmas)
• Vānaprasta stage
• Kakṣāgni (upasana stage)
• sannyāsa stage
• jñanāgni (pursuit of self-knowledge)
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Meditation
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Concluding Śānti Mantra
• ऊँ पूर्णमदिः पूर्णममदम ्पूर्ाणत ्पूर्णमुदच्र्यत े। पूर्णवर्य पूर्णमादार्य पूर्णमेवावमशष्र्यत े।। Om Pūrṇamadah Pūrṇamidam Pūrṇāt-Purṇam-Udacyate Pūrṇasya Pūrṇamādāya Pūrṇamévāvaśiśyate || Om Śāntiḥ Śāntiḥ Śāntiḥ || Meaning: That (God) is infinite; this (world) is whole; from the infinite the world becomes manifest. From the infinite, even if the whole is taken away, what remains again is the infinite.