sap abap-data structures and internal tables
TRANSCRIPT
Objectives
3
The participants will be able to:
Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program
Populate an Internal Table with data
Read Database information into an Internal Table
Data Structures
4
Address List
Structure
Address List
Internal Table
LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.
LN FN City
ST.
LN FN City ST.
Declaring a Structure - Method #1
55
1 REPORT YN1C0008. 2 3 TABLES: TABNA. 4 DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, 5 FLAG TYPE C, 6 ID LIKE TABNA-ID, 7 NAME1 LIKE TABNA-NAME1, 8 CITY LIKE TABNA-CITY, 9 END OF ADDRESS.10 MOVE ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG.11 MOVE ‘0001’TO ADDRESS-ID.12 MOVE ‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1.13 MOVE ‘Philadelphia’ TO 14 ADDRESS- CITY.15 WRITE ADDRESS.1617
Basic Syntax:DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
<field1> . . . <field2> . . . . . .
END OF <name>.
Flag ID Name1 City
Address Structure
Is this statement necessary for the code?
Declaring a Structure - Method #2
66 Data Structure & Inter3.07
REPORT Yxxxxxxx.TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR,
FLAG,ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-
NAME1,CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDR.DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.MOVE: ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
‘00001’ TO ADDRESS-ID,‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1,‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-
CITY.WRITE ADDRESS.
Basic Syntax:TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,
<field1> . . . ,<field2> . . . , . . . ,
END OF <name1>.DATA: <name2> TYPE <name1>.
Flag ID Name1 City
Address Structure
Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport
77 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM37.TABLES: EMPLOYEE.DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, FLAG, ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, NAME LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY, END OF ADDRESS.SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO ADDRESS. WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG, ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME, ADDRESS-CITY. CLEAR ADDRESS.ENDSELECT.
EMPLOYEE
Address
ID Name1 City
000000001 Electronics Inc. Waldorf MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO ADDRESS.
Flag ID Name City
000000001 Waldorf
Clear <f1>.
Demonstration
88 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Practice
99 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Creating an Internal Table with Header Line
1111 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM38.TABLES: EMPLOYEE.TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-
NAME1, COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, END OF EMP.DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. APPEND EMPTAB.ENDSELECT.
The TYPES statement defines the structure and data type for the internal table.The DATA statement with an INITIAL SIZE creates the actual internal table capable of storing data. Because of the WITH HEADER LINE addition, this internal table is created with a header line.
Header Line
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line
1313 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
APPEND <int. table> SORTED BY <field>.
APPEND <int. table>.
Department Salary
123456
Department SalaryHeader
R&D 400,000PROD 7,800,000MKTG 1,000,000SALES 500,000HR 140,000IT 50,000
R&D 400,000MKTG 1,000,000SALES 500,000PROD 7,800,000IT 50,000HR 140,000
Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line
1414 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM42.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
ENDSELECT.
More than ten entries can be saved in the internal table.
A maximum of ten entries can be saved in the internal table. Any entries that exceed the top ten will be deleted.
With both versions of the APPEND statement, memory space for ten records is allocated when the first record is written to the internal table.
Example 1
Example 2
OR
Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line
1515 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM42.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
ENDSELECT.
More than ten entries can be saved in the internal table.
A maximum of ten entries can be saved in the internal table. Any entries that exceed the top ten will be deleted.
With both versions of the APPEND statement, memory space for ten records is allocated when the first record is written to the internal table.
Example 1
Example 2
OR
Internal Table with Header Line
1616 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line
A
B
Internal Table with Header Line
1717 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
EMPLOYEE
USA 00000001CompanyBaker DistributorsBAKER . . .
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
Header Line
1
Internal Table with Header Line
1818 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
ID NAME1 COUNTRY00000001 Baker Distributors USA
EMPLOYEE
Header Line
2
1
USA 00000001CompanyBaker DistributorsBAKER . . .
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
Internal Table with Header Line
1919 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
Header Line
2
3 1
2
3
10
.
.
....
This header line is attached to the body of the internal table.
1
Internal Table with Header Line
2020 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA
USA 00000002 Company Diversified Indust.. DIVERS . . .
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
Header Line
5
6
1
2
3
10
.
.
....
4
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line
REPORT Y170DM40.TABLES: EMPLOYEE.TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID,NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10, EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA. APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.ENDSELECT.
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
The TYPES statement defines the structure and data type for the internal table and its work area
Work Area
The DATA statement with an INITIAL SIZE creates the actual internal table without a header line. The DATA statement without the INITIAL SIZE creates the work area for the internal table.
Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???
2222 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables
Internal Table without a Header Line
2323 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .
Work Area
A
B
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Internal Table without a Header Line
2424 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
00000001 Baker Distributors USA
USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .
Work Area
1
2
3 1
2
3
10
.
.
.
This work area is not attached to the body of the internal table.
Automatic Field Conversion
2525 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field
– Individual field type conversion MOVE
– Structure to structure
– Field to structure
– Structure to field• Intermediate C type • Followed by adoption of new types
Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables
2626 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM69.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . .1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.2. APPENDING TABLE <EMPTAB>.
Notice no ENDSELECT is needed here because no loop processing occurs.
Processing an Internal Table
2727 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM45.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. APPEND EMPTAB.ENDSELECT.LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘D’. WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1, EMPTAB-SALES.ENDLOOP.IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘NO ENTRIES’. ENDIF.
This LOOP AT <EMPTAB> statement allows for a logical expression in a WHERE clause to limit the processing of the internal table.
If no internal table entries qualify under the logical expression, the statement within the loop is not executed and SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
System Field SY-TABIX
2828 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM46.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,
END LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB FROM START TO END.
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
Screen output
SY-TABIX
Accumulating Data within an Internal Table
2929 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM43.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
COLLECT EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
Country Sales
D 400,000
USA 1,000,000
GB 500,000
D 7,800,000
Header Line
A 371,065.00CH 45,305.00D 8,200,000.00F 0.00GB 500,000.00NL 577,000.00NO 234.00USA 1,000,000.00HK 0.00
Screen output
Sorting an Internal Table
3030 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM44.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING.
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-NAME1, ITAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.
Sorting options:
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the entries of the internal table <EMPTAB> in ascending order.
2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> - sorts the table on one or more fields within the table.
screen output
Control Level Processing
3131 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
AT FIRST
AT NEW < field >
AT END < field >
AT LAST
Reading a Single Table Entry
3232 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM47.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMPTAB.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
READ TABLE ….
Reading a Single Table Entry - Options
3333 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>… <kn> = <vn>.3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ... <kn> = <vn>.4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
Maintaining Internal Tables
3434 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. APPEND EMPTAB.ENDSELECT.READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.MOVE ‘ABC’ TO EMPTAB-NAME1.MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / ‘Attempt to modify failed.’.ELSE.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.ENDIF.INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
Check SY-SUBRC after every attempt to change an internal table entry.
Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line
3535 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.
READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.
LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.
Deleting an Internal Table
3636 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
CLEAR <internal table>
Initialises the header line.
Internal table lines remain unchanged.
REFRESH <internal table>
Deletes all table lines.
Storage space is not released.
Paging is released.
Header line remains unchanged.
FREE <internal table>
Deletes all table lines.
Storage space is released.
Header line remains unchanged
Information about an Internal Table
3737 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM49.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. APPEND EMPTAB.ENDSELECT.
DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTABLINES LINE_COUNTOCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / ‘ lines:’, LINE_COUNT,
/ ‘occurs:’, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table> LINES <var1>
OCCURS <var2>.
screen output
Calling the SAP Table Editor
3838 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
REPORT Y170DM50.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP,
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE NAME1 EQ ‘Maurice Cheeks’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘No records.’. ENDIF.
screen output
Demonstration
3939 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
Practice
4040 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
Summary
4141 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory. A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and
DATA statements. The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by
field between the ABAP data structures. Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the
processing of a program. 3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed. An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by
referring to an internal table type using the TYPE parameter APPEND statement adds the contents of the header line to the end
of the internal table. the system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry
read.
Summary (Contd.)
4242 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.
The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.
The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.
Questions
4343 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07
What is a Structure? What is an internal table? What are the different types of internal tables are there? Explain the following statements :
Move corresponding Append Clear Refresh Free.