saqartvelos qalaquri mosaxleoba religiuri da politikuri...
TRANSCRIPT
1
saqarTvelos qalaquri mosaxleoba religiuri da politikuri sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb
gamokiTxva Catarda 2008 wlis martis pirvel naxevarSi da moicva 1000 respondenti
TbilisSi (500), gorsa (200) da quTaisSi (300). Semsruleblebi - sainiciativo jgufi
(koordinatori rusudan avaliSvili, samecniero xelmZRvaneli fsiq. mecn. kandidati
gaga niJaraZe), socialuri kvlevisa da analizis institutTan TanamSromlobiT
(interviuerebi, monacemTa kodireba).
2
meTodologia
a) sociologiuri gamokvlevis tipi: raodenobrivi sociologiuri gamokvleva
b) kvlevis meTodi: sociologiuri kvleva Catarda gamokiTxvis meTodiT, kerZod,
pirispir (face to face) intervius formis gamoyenebiT.
g) kvlevis sagani: saqarTvelos qalaquri mosaxleobis Sexedulebebi religiasa da
politikasTan dakavSirebul aqtualur sakiTxebze.
kvlevis obieqti: sociologiuri gamokvleva Catarda saqarTvelos urbanuli centrebis
(qalaqebis) mosaxleobis masStabiT. sul gamoikiTxa saqarTvelos sami urbanuli
centris (qalaqis) mosaxleoba: Tbilisis, quTaisisa da goris. qalaqebis SerCeva moxda
saqarTvelos regionebis warmomadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT da damkveTis intresebis
Sesabamisad.
SerCeva: respondentTa SerCeva ganxorcielda rogorc kvoturi, ise SemTxveviTi
SerCevis principebis dacviT. kerZod, SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculobis
gaTvaliswinebiT da SerCevis reprezentatulobis uzrunvelsayofad, generalur
erTobliobaSi mocemuli proporciebis Sesabamisad winaswar ganisazRvra respondentTa
kvotebi sqesis da asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT. rac Seexeba ojaxebSi respondentTa
amorCevis wess, aRniSnuli kvotebis farglebSi, SemTxveviTobis maqsimalurad
uzrunvelsayofad, gamoyenebul iqna uaxloesi dabadebis dRis principi. im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu ojaxis wevrTa Soris am principiT SerCeuli pirovneba kvotas ar Seesabameboda,
interviueri gadadioda Semdeg ojaxze da ase moZraobda manam, vidre sasurvel
respondents ar ipovida. ojaxebs Soris intervali (biji) gansxvavebulad ganisazRvra
TbilisisaTvis (yoveli me-11 ojaxi) da danarCeni urbanuli centrebisaTvis (yoveli me-
7 ojaxi). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu, raime mizeziT, SeuZlebeli iyo ojaxTan da
respondentTan kavSiris damyareba, interviuers ekrZaleboda uaxloes ojaxTan
dakavSireba da ganagrZobda moZraobas bijis dacviT. aman uzrunvelyo respondentTa
gafantuloba da sakvlevi urbanuli centrebis maqsimaluri mocva. damatebiT
TbilisisaTvis respondentebs miewodaT SerCevis geografiuli wertilebi da
gadaadgilebis sivrciTi areali (quCebisa da ubnebis mixedviT), ramac gamoricxa erTsa
da imave wertilSi ganmeorebiTi vizitebis SesaZlebloba. damkveTis interesebidan
gamomdinare gamoikiTxa mxolod qarTveli marTlmamdidebeli respondentebi.
generalur erTobliobas warmoadgenda SerCevaSi moxvedrili qalaqebis 18 wlis da
zeviT mosaxleoba. kvotebi (sqesis da asakis mixedviT) ganisazRvra TiToeuli qalaqis
mosaxleobaSi mocemuli proporciebis Sesabamisad. TbilisisaTvis kvotebi ganisazRvra
raionebis (sul 10 raioni) mosaxleobis zomis gaTvaliswinebiT.
SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculoba Seadgenda 1000 respondents. TiTioeuli
qalaqisaTvis respondentTa raodenoba ganisazRvra imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom daculi
yofiliyo kvlevis Sedegebis reprezentatuloba.
3
savele samuSaoebSi monawileoba miiRo 26-ma interviuerma, romelTac aqvT
sociologiur kvlevebSi monawileobis didi gamocdileba. maT CautardaT specialuri
instruqtaJi kiTxvaris specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.
monacemebis analizi: pirveladi sociologiuri masala damuSavda SPSS kompiuteruli
programis gamoyenebiT. analizisas gamoyenebul iqna iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa
monacemebis dajgufeba da tipologizacia, korelaciuri analizi, regresiuli analizi
da sxv.
wina wlebis gamokiTxvebi. 2003, 2004 da 2006 wlebSi msgavsi sociologiuri
gamokiTxvebi, sxvadasxva programebis farglebSi ganaxorciela konfliqtebisa da
molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTma centrma (ICCN) (2003 wels, iseve rogorc
mocemuli gamokiTxva, Catarda TbilisSi, gorsa da quTaisSi, xolo 2004 da 2006
wlebSi amas daemata baTumi). anketis zogierTi punqti meordeboda yvela xsenebul
gamokiTxvaSi, rac garkveul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi sazogadoebrivi azris dinamikis
suraTis warmodgenis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs. amitom, Sesabamisi monacemebi wlebis
mixedviTaa warmodgenili.
4
Sedegebi da analizi
1. miiCnevT Tu ara Tavs morwmuned?
2003 2004 2006 2008
sakuTari Tavi Zlier morwmuned mimaCnia 18.5 16,9 25,4 24,1
sakuTari Tavi met-naklebad morwmuned mimaCnia 77.8 77,9 66.1 71.8
sakuTari Tavi ar mimaCnia morwmuned 5.3 4,8 6.2 3.7
miWirs pasuxis gacema 0.4 0,2 2.3 0.4
rogorc vxedavT, Tu aviRebT jamur maCvenebels (sakuTari Tavi Zlier morwmuned mimaCnia +
sakuTari Tavi met-naklebad morwmuned mimaCnia), mosaxleobis nawili, romelic Tavs morwmuned
miiCnevs, Zalze maRalia, imdenad maRali, rom SeiZleba davaskvnaT: dRes saqarTveloSi religia
erT-erTi mTavari socialuri identifikatoria (erovnebasTan erTad), xolo arareligiurobis
aRiareba pirovnebas sazogadoebis TvalSi `saxes ukargavs~; yovel SemTxvevaSi, qalaqis
mosaxleobaSi. amasTan, morwmuneTa zrdis tendenciac ki SeimCneva. am fonze sainteresoa
`Zlieri morwmuneebis~ erTgvari kleba 2004 wels, rac, Cveni varaudiT, asaxavs politikur
viTarebas qveyanaSi. zogadad, SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom eklesiisaken swrafva imatebs
gaurkvevlobis, krizisis, stagnaciis pirobebSi, roca adamianebs dasayrdenis Ziebis
moTxovnileba uCndebaT. 2004 wels ki gamokiTxva daemTxva `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdgom
periods, romelmac mosaxleobaSi optimisturi ganwyoba gamoiwvia, risi gamoxatulebac unda
iyos miRebuli Sedegebi.
2. ramdenad xSirad asrulebT qvemoT CamoTvlil religiur ritualebs?
2003 regularulad zogjer iSviaTad arasodes
1. davdivar moZRvarTan 9.8 13.2 19.8 57.3
2. veswrebi wirva-locvas 12.6 26.6 36.6 24.8
3. vmarxulob 11.6 12.0 17.8 58.7
4. vambob aRsarebas/veziarebi 9.5 9.6 13.8 67.2
2004 regularulad zogjer iSviaTad arasodes
1. davdivar moZRvarTan 9.7 15.6 25.1 44.5
2. veswrebi wirva-locvas 11.3 26.4 37.0 20.2
3. vmarxulob 12.6 14.6 17.9 49.9
4. vambob aRsarebas/veziarebi 9.4 12.0 17.4 55.9
2006 regularulad zogjer iSviaTad arasodes
1. davdivar moZRvarTan 12.9 18.6 20.7 47.7
2. veswrebi wirva-locvas 14.8 31.3 32.9 21.1
3. vmarxulob 16.2 16.1 21.6 46.2
4. vambob aRsarebas/veziarebi 11.9 13.3 19.1 55.6
2008 regularulad zogjer iSviaTad arasodes
5
1. davdivar moZRvarTan 13.8 13.2 20.4 52.6
2. veswrebi wirva-locvas 16.6 32.4 30.4 20.6
3. vmarxulob 14.5 12.6 17.1 55.8
4. vambob aRsarebas/veziarebi 12.0 9.6 16.5 61.9
amrigad,, morwmune respondentTa daaxloebiT 12-17% SeiZleba CaiTvalos zedmiwevniT
eklesiurad, Tumca SeimCneva am kategoriis neli zrda. eklesiuri ritualebidan yvelaze
xSirad sruldeba daswreba wirva-locvaze, xolo yvalaze naklebad – aRsareba-ziareba. Sedegi
gasagebia: yvelaze xSirad sruldeba naklebad arakomfortuli rituali.
3. rogorc SeafasebdiT qvemoT CamoTvlili struqturebis saqmianobas?
2003
struqtura dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. saqarTvelos
parlamenti
1.2 4.7 22.7 71.5 0
2. saqarTvelos mTavroba 1.1 4.2 19.3 75.4 0
3. arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi
5.9 25.0 28.1 38.6 2.4
4. sapatriarqo 38.6 38.2 12.7 9.0 1.5
5. masmedia 25.6 41.3 18.3 14.5 0.3
6. policia 2.3 5.7 16.7 75.2 0.1
7. prokuratura 3.0 5.5 17.1 73.8 0.7
8. sasamarTlo 3.1 8.0 20.3 67.6 0.7
2004
struqtura dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. saqarTvelos
parlamenti
9.6 35.0 29.6 23.9 1.7
2. saqarTvelos mTavroba 15.5 35.9 25.4 22.4 0.7
3. arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi
15.0 32.7 22.1 24.5 5.6
4. sapatriarqo 52.1 32.1 6.8 4.1 4.8
5. masmedia 31.7 36.6 17.0 13.6 0.8
6. policia 17.5 26.1 23.1 31.3 2.0
7. prokuratura 11.1 20.0 27.1 38.7 3.0
8. sasamarTlo 10.2 20.2 25.6 40.2 3.8
2006
struqtura dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. saqarTvelos
parlamenti
13.8 31.0 26.8 21.2 7.3
2. saqarTvelos mTavroba 18.6 38.0 22.8 16.3 4.3
3. arasamTavrobo 11.0 31.0 22.8 21.0 14.2
6
organizaciebi
4. sapatriarqo 69.0 16.4 3.4 1.9 9.3
5. masmedia 28.0 38.1 18.5 11.1 4.3
6. policia 21.4 32.5 20.9 20.5 4.7
7. prokuratura 8.2 18.0 26.5 33.8 13.4
8. sasamarTlo 7.2 15.7 25.0 40.5 11.6
2008
struqtura dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. saqarTvelos
parlamenti
6.1 28.5 32.7 26.8 5.9
2. saqarTvelos mTavroba 7.0 31.8 31.1 25.0 5.1
3. arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi
4.4 38.0 27.4 11.6 18.6
4. sapatriarqo 86.6 8.7 0.9 1.4 2.4
5. masmedia 16.6 52.5 20.7 6.2 4.0
6. policia 15.6 45.8 20.4 13.2 5.0
7. prokuratura 5.3 21.0 29.8 31.0 12.9
8. sasamarTlo 4.5 19.3 27.7 35.4 13.1
igive monacemebi wlebis mixedviT grafikulad ase gamoiyureba (sveti 1 – `vafaseb
dadebiTad~; sveti 2 - dadebiTad + ufro dadebiTad, vidre uaryofiTad).
3.1 saqarTvelos parlamenti
05
1015202530354045
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.2 saqarTvelos mTavroba
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.3 arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
0
10
20
30
40
50
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.4 sapatriarqo
0
20
40
60
80
100
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.5 masmedia
01020304050607080
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.6 policia
8
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.7 prokuratura
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
2003 2004 2006 2008
3.8 sasamarTlo
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
2003 2004 2006 2008
Sedegebi kargad gamoxatavs socialur-politikuri situaciis dinamikas saqarTveloSi (amasTan,
es dinamika ufro mkafiod aisaxeba pirvel svetebSi (`dadebiTad vafaseb~)): uklebliv yvela
saxelmwifo institutis katastrofulad dabali Sefaseba SevardnaZis periodSi. Semdgom,
`vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, Sefasebebis mkveTri zrda (gansakuTrebiT policiisa da
mTavrobisa) da Semdeg isev kleba (Tumca ara pirvandel donemde), gansakuTrebiT sasamarTlosi
da prokuraturis, rac ueWvelad dakavSirebulia 2007 wlis noembris movlenebTan. amave dros
masmediis Sefaseba, jamuri maCvenebliT, daaxloebiT erT donezea, Tumca mxolod dadebiTi
Sefasebebi 2008 wels Camodis 2003 wlis maCvenebelze dabla, rac, savaraudod, telearx
`imedis~ daxurvasTan da, Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilisaTvis sando
sainformacio wyaros aRkveTasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
Sefasebis mrudi waagavs saxelmwifo struqturebis Sefasebis dinamikas, rac, SesaZlebelia,
ganpirobebulia imiT, rom arasamTavrobo seqtori zogadad `vardebis gundTanaa~ asocirebuli
9
(gavixsenoT, rom m. saakaSvilis gundis ramdenime aqtiuri wevri swored arasamTavrobo
organizaciebidan arian mosuli). am fonze sapatriarqos ndobis indeqsi ganuxrelad izrdeba.
4. qvemoT mocemulia wyviladi debulebebi, romlebic religiur sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebul sxvadasxva poziciebs aRwers. gTxovT, maTgan amoirCioT is, romelsac
ufro eTanxmebiT
4.1
2003 2004 2006 2008
saqarTvelosTvis umjobesia, Tu yvela qarTveli marTlmadidebeli
qristiani iqneba
79.4 72.2 67.7 82.2
saqarTvelos keTildReobisaTvis saziano ar iqneba, Tu qveyanaSi iqnebian
sxva aRmsareblobis matarebeli qarTvelebi
20.3 27.5 30.2 16.2
miWirs pasuxis gacema 0.3 0.3 2.0 1.6
zogadad, cxadad Cans eTnikurobis aRmsareblobasTan gaigivebis tendencia (`qarTveli =
marTlmadidebeli~). sainteresoa pirveli pasuxis xvedriTi wilis kleba 2004 da 2006 wlebis
gamokiTxvebSi. erTis mxriv es SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes im garemoebas, rom am gamokiTxvebSi ar
monawileobda baTumis mosaxleoba, romlis Sorisac bevria muslimi. meores mxriv, es wlebi
emTxveva m. saakaSvilis xelisuflebis popularobis piks, xolo eTnikuri da religiuri
umciresobebis integraciis sakiTxebs am dros saxelmwifo politikaSi SesamCnevi adgili ekavaT.
4.2
2003 2004 2006 200
8
aRmsareblobis arCeva yvela adamianis piradi saqmea da sazogadoebas
ara aqvs ufleba, am arCevanSi Caerios
59.1 65.0 72.6 70.9
sazogadoeba (ojaxi, skola da sxv.) aqtiurad unda ereodes imaSi, Tu
romel aRmsareblobas gaiziarebs adamiani
40.5 34.5 24.0 27.6
miWirs pasuxis gacema 0.4 0.4 3.3 1.5
Sedegebi asaxavs eTnikurobisa da aRmsareblobis gaigivebis tendencias, oRond ufro `zogad
doneze~ - ara marTo `qarTveli = marTlmadidebeli~, aramed `yvela xalxs Tavisi tradiciuli
religia aqvs~.
4.3
2003 2004 2006 2008
sasurvelia, saSualo skolebSi religiis istoriis kursSi mxolod
marTlmadidebluri religiis istoria iswavlebodes
50.3 50.3 42.6 64.7
sasurvelia, religiis istoriis kursi yvela religiis istoriis
swavlebas moicavdes
49.3 49.3 51.8 32.4
miWirs pasuxis gacema 0.3 0.4 5.6 2.9
Sedegebi cxadia. aRvniSnavT mxolod, rom pirveli pasuxis maCveneblis Semcireba 2006 wels
savaraudod dakavSirebulia imave faqtorebTan, rac aRniSnuli kiTxva 4.1-is komentarSi; xolo
am maCveneblis mniSvnelovani zrda 2008 wels unda ukavSirdebodes opoziciis gavlenis zrdas,
romlis nawilsac marTlmadidebluri ritorika axasiaTebs.
4.4
2003 2004 2006 2008
saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva seqtis arseboba demokratiisa da 16.0 18.2 17.7 13.1
10
pirovnebis Tavisuflebis maRali donis maCvenebelia
seqtebis arsebobas ucxo qveynebis Zalebi afinanseben, raTa saqarTvelos
mTlianobas da stabilurobas safrTxe Seeqmnas
81.7 77.8 61.3 77.8
miWirs pasuxis gacema 2.3 3.3 21.2 9.1
e.w. seqtebis mimarT mtruli damokidebuleba gamoxatulebaa fenomenisa, romelsac ingliselma
anTropologma viqtor ternerma `sustis Zalaufleba~ uwoda: SedarebiT Caketili religiuri
Tu eTnikuri jgufebi umravlesobis TvalSi xSirad aRiqmebian rogorc boroti, zogjer
magiuri Zalis matareblebi. `sxvanairis~ borotebasTan gaigiveba tradiciuli sazogadoebebis
damaxasiaTebeli niSania.
Cvens SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs maCveneblebis rxeva 2006-sa da 2008 wlebSi; savaraudod,
aq igive faqtorebi moqmedebs, rac aRniSnulia 4.1 da 4.3 kiTxvebze komentarSi.
4.5
2003 2004 2006 2008
umjobesia, Tu eklesia aqtiurad Caereva saqarTvelos socialur da
politikur cxovrebaSi da sajarod ganacxadebs Tavisi prioritetebis
Sesaxeb
35.5 38.8 41.5 50.5
umjobesia, Tu eklesia darCeba apolitikuri da saxelmwifosagan
damoukidebeli
63.2 59.7 49.9 45.2
miWirs pasuxis gacema 2.3 1.5 8.5 4.3
amrigad, cxadad ikveTeba eklesiis, rogorc yvelaze meti ndobiT mosargeble instituciis,
`gapolitikurebis~ molodini. SeiZleba vivaraudod, rom, Tu eklesia am molodins gamoexmaura
da Tavisi politikuri prioritetebi ganacxada, es gamoiwvevs kidev erTi niSniT dapirispirebas
rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise TviT eklesiaSi.
4.6
2003 2004 2006 2008
saqarTvelos sapatriarqom axali eklesiebis aSenebis nacvlad,
saxsrebi socialurad daucveli mosaxleobis keTildReobas unda
moaxmaros
52.1 43.9 33.6 29.2
axali eklesiebis aSeneba aucilebelia mosaxleobis zneobrivi da sulieri
gajansaRebisaTvis
46.9 54.6 51.5 64.9
miWirs pasuxis gacema 1.0 1.2 14.9 5.4
ra Tqma unda, meore pasuxis xvedriTi wilis zrda ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis gavlenis zrdas; magram amasTan erTad, es tendencia zogadad qarTuli kulturis
Taviseburebas asaxavs; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs midrekileba garegnuli atributikisadmi, am
SemTxvevaSi xatebis, jvrebis, religiuri nagebobebis mimarT.
5. gTxovT, gvipasuxoT, dauWerdiT Tu ara mxars religiuri umciresobebis mimarT Cadenil
Semdeg qmedebebs?
2003 mxars
davuWerdi
mxars ar
davuWerdi
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. maTi Sekrebebis darbevas 32.7 66.2 1.1
2. maTi literaturis ganadgurebas 46.9 52.6 0.5
3. maT winaaRmdeg ideur brZolas 78.7 20.8 0.4
4. maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ukanono 31.9 66.6 1.5
11
qmedebebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa
dasjas
5. maT dasacavad gamarTul aqciebsa da
demonstraciebs
10.3 89.1 0.6
6. maTi saqmianobebis gaaqtiurebas 6.3 93.3 0.4
2004 mxars
davuWerdi
mxars ar
davuWerdi
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. maTi Sekrebebis darbevas 29.7 68.9 1.3
2. maTi literaturis ganadgurebas 48.1 50.7 1.2
3. maT winaaRmdeg ideur brZolas 78.7 19.8 1.5
4. maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ukanono
qmedebebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa
dasjas
44.8 51.7 3.5
5. maT dasacavad gamarTul aqciebsa da
demonstraciebs
5.1 93.3 1.6
6. maTi saqmianobebis gaaqtiurebas 3.2 94.8 2.0
2006 mxars
davuWerdi
mxars ar
davuWerdi
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. maTi Sekrebebis darbevas 21.3 69.8 8.8
2. maTi literaturis ganadgurebas 38.5 52.9 8.6
3. maT winaaRmdeg ideur brZolas 68.2 24.7 7.0
4. maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ukanono
qmedebebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa
dasjas
55.0 29.4 15.6
5. maT dasacavad gamarTul aqciebsa da
demonstraciebs
8.4 85.5 6.2
6. maTi saqmianobebis gaaqtiurebas 4.0 90.5 5.5
2008 mxars
davuWerdi
mxars ar
davuWerdi
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. maTi Sekrebebis darbevas 19.1 76.8 4.1
2. maTi literaturis ganadgurebas 32.4 62.3 5.3
3. maT winaaRmdeg ideur brZolas 69.5 25.7 4.8
4. maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ukanono
qmedebebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa
dasjas
53.9 35.7 10.4
5. maT dasacavad gamarTul aqciebsa da
demonstraciebs
4.1 92.4 2.3
6. maTi saqmianobebis gaaqtiurebas 2.3 95.4 2.3
igive monacemebi grafikulad (`mxars davuWerdi~):
1. maTi Sekrebebis darbevas
2. maTi literaturis ganadgurebas
3. maT winaaRmdeg ideur brZolas
4. maT winaaRmdeg Cadenili ukanono qmedebebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa dasjas
5. maT dasacavad gamarTul aqciebsa da demonstraciebs
6. maTi saqmianobebis gaaqtiurebas
12
01020304050607080
2003 2004 2006 2008
saerTo jamSi, ikveTeba religiuri umciresobebisadmi damokidebulebis Serbilebis tendencia.
unda vivaraudoT, rom religiuri eqstremizmis aRkveTisaken mimarTulma saxelmwifo politikam
garkveuli Sedegebi gamoiRo. meores mxriv, absoluturi maCveneblebiT Tu vimsjelebT, yoveli
mexuTe respondenti mxars uWers religiur umciresobaTa Sekrebebis darbevas, xolo yoveli
mesame – maTi literaturis ganadgurebas, rac namdvilad SemaSfoTebelia. amave dros, imedis
momcemia `kanonierebis momxreTa~ (sveti 4) raodenobis mniSvnelovani zrda.
6. rogor SeafasebdiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rols saqarTveloSi bolo
Tveebis manZilze ganviTarebul movlenebSi (2 noembridan saprezidento arCevnebamde)?
1. dadebiTad 64.8
2. ufro dadebiTad, vidre uaryofiTad 21.1
3. neitralurad 9.0
4. ufro uaryofiTad, vidre dadebiTad 1.3
5. uaryofiTad 0.8
6. miWirs pasuxis gacema 3.0
7. moaxdina Tu ara eklesiam raime gavlena saqarTveloSi bolo Tveebis manZilze ganviTarebul
movlenebSi (2 noembridan saprezidento arCevnebamde)?
1. moaxdina dadebiTi gavlena 61.4
2. ufro dadebiTi, vidre uaryofiTi 24.1
3. aranairi gavlena ar mouxdenia 9.9
4. ufro uaryofiTi, vidre dadebiTi 0.8
5. uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina 0.3
6. miWirs pasuxis gacema 3.5
pasuxebi me-6 da me-7 kiTxvebze kidev erTxel adastureben eklesiis maRal avtoritets.
8. rogor SeafasebdiT qvemoT CamoTvlili pirovnebebis sazogadoebriv saqmianobas?
(Sesafasebel pirTa aTeuli icvleboda politikuri koniunqturis mixedviT gamokiTxvebis
mixedviT. mxolod oTxi pirovneba, n. burjanaZe, ilia II, b. patarkaciSvili da m. saakaSvili,
moxvda oTxive gamokiTxvaSi).
2003
pirovnebebi dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
1. nino burjanaZe 43.0 36.0 9.8 10.3 0.9
2. ilia II 48.2 31.7 10.1 8.5 1.5
13
3. elene TevdoraZe 21.2 33.2 23.2 20.7 1.8
4. basil mkalaviSvili 20.7 24.5 23.4 30.8 0.7
5. badri patarkaciSvili 27.6 33.3 18.3 17.4 3.4
6. mixeil saakaSvili 23.0 28.5 18.3 29.0 1.2
7. guram SaraZe 29.9 30.3 22.2 16.5 1.1
8. eduard SevardnaZe 6.7 12.1 15.7 64.2 1.4
9. zurab Jvania 8.7 19.4 25.0 45.9 1.1
10. avTandil jorbenaZe 3.8 11.9 24.1 59.0 1.3
2004
pirovnebebi dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
1. nino burjanaZe 41.8 33.9 13.7 9.0 1.5
2. ilia II 64.0 26.0 4.2 3.9 1.9
3. giorgi baramiZe 32.1 38.3 16.6 10.7 2.3
4. koba daviTaSvili 24.0 26.5 26.5 20.6 2.4
5. badri patarkaciSvili 42.6 33.8 11.2 11.2 1.2
6. mixeil saakaSvili 47.6 30.5 10.5 10.3 1.0
7. irakli oqruaSvili 42.5 29.2 12.1 14.6 1.6
8. zurab Jvania 16.4 25.4 23.7 32.6 1.8
9. kaxa benduqiZe 7.3 14.7 23.8 49.3 4.9
10. kaxa lomaia 9.2 12.8 20.1 53.9 4.0
2006
pirovnebebi dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
1. nino burjanaZe 28.1 35.0 17.9 14.0 4.3
2. ilia II 76.3 15.1 2.5 2.0 3.9
3. giorgi xaindrava 44.9 33.3 9.0 5.1 7.6
4. koba daviTaSvili 17.4 32.1 26.5 16.6 7.4
5. badri patarkaciSvili 48.5 30.6 8.5 8.0 4.3
6. mixeil saakaSvili 34.4 35.6 13.4 13.3 3.4
7. irakli oqruaSvili 25.9 28.2 23.0 17.3 5.6
8. daviT usufaSvili 11.3 24.6 23.8 16.4 23.7
9. giga bokeria 6.6 11.6 19.7 56.2 5.8
10. kaxa lomaia 15.0 25.3 20.5 31.4 7.8
2008
pirovnebebi dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
1. nino burjanaZe 21.7 33.7 22.6 16.6 5.4
2. ilia meore 91.3 5.6 1.0 0.6 1.5
3. daviT usufaSvili 12.6 39.5 23.5 12.1 12.3
4. levan gaCeCilaZe 17.5 36.6 22.7 16.2 7.0
5. badri patarkaciSvili 14.3 35.0 27.6 17.1 6.0
6. mixeil saakaSvili 19.9 28.5 20.3 26.1 5.2
7. irakli oqruaSvili 11.7 27.8 24.8 22.6 13.1
14
8. daviT gamyreliZe 16.2 42.1 24.1 10.7 6.9
9. giga bokeria 1.7 5.9 21.6 65.1 5.7
10. kaxa lomaia 2.0 7.5 21.6 62.7 6.2
grafikze moyvanilia n. burjanaZis (sveti 1), ilia II-sa (sveti 2) da m. saakaSvilis (sveti 3)
Sefasebebi oTxi gamokiTvis mixedviT (`vafaseb dadebiTad~):
0
20
40
60
80
100
2003 2004 2006 2008
ilia II-is reitingis zrda aSkaraa da emTxveva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gavlenis zrdis
grafiks.
9. eTanxmebiT Tu ara mosazrebas, rom aucilebelia parlamentma miiRos kanoni religiis
Sesaxeb?
2003 2004 2006 2008
veTanxmebi 85.1 83.2 63.8 81.8
ar veTanxmebi 13.0 14.6 19.6 11.9
miWirs pasuxis gacema 1.9 1.9 16.7 6.3
es sakiTxi sakmaod aqtualuri iyo 2000-2003 wlebSi. rogorc vxedavT, sazogadoebriv
cnobierebaSi aqtualobam iklo 2006 wels da kvlav aiwia 2008-Si.
10. romel mosazrebas iziarebT imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra unda uzrunvelyos religiis
Sesaxeb kanonma ...
a) seqtebis mimarT (iehovas mowmeebi, baptistebi da a.S)?
200
3
200
4
200
6
200
8
maTi saqmianobis akrZalva 43.6 47.3 45.9 45.8
maTi saqmianobis SezRudva 34.4 33.4 35.0 39.6
maTi saqmianobis Tavisufleba 6.8 6.4 9.8 8.1
miWirs pasuxis gacema 15.2 12.9 9.4 6.5
Zalze sainteresoa, rom am punqtSi pasuxebis ganawileba praqtikulad ar Seicvala. zogadad ki
pasuxebi imis maCvenebelia, rom qarTuli sazogadoeba jer kidev Sorsaa religiuri
Semwynareblobisagan.
15
b) sxva konfesiebis mimarT (kaTolikebi, protestantebi, muslimebi da sxv.)?
200
3
200
4
200
6
200
8
maTi saqmianobis akrZalva 20.6 15.2 14.0 12.7
maTi saqmianobis SezRudva 38.0 38.3 35.9 47.6
maTi saqmianobis Tavisufleba 26.1 32.6 39.5 32.7
miWirs pasuxis gacema 15.3 13.9 10.6 7.0
aq moCans e.w. `tradiciuli religiebisadmi~ (romelTa warmomadgenelTa Temebi saqarTveloSi
didi xnis manZilze arseboben) poziciis Serbileba, Tumca bolo gamokiTxvaSi SesamCnevad
imatebs pasuxi `maTi saqmianobis SezRudva~.
g) marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT?
2003 2004 2006 2008
marTlmadideblobis gamocxadeba
saxelmwifo religiad
65.5 71.8 65.2 85.8
marTlmadideblobisaTvis upiratesobis
miniWeba sxva konfesiebTan SedarebiT
16.0 12.5 23.3 8.8
marTlmadideblobis uflebrivi gaTanabreba
sxva konfesiebTan
3.2 3.1 5.3 2.4
miWirs pasuxis gacema 15.4 12.5 5.5 3.0
rogorc vxedavT, marTlmadideblobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas mxars uWers
gamokiTxulTa didi umravlesoba. gansakuTrebiT didia maCvenebeli bolo gamokiTxvaSi, rac,
Cveni varaudiT, amJamindel politikur kriziss ukavSirdeba.
11. rogor fiqrobT qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam unda awarmoos Tu ara
dialogi/iTanamSromlos ucxoeTis eklesiebTan da sxva religiur organizaciebTan?
1. yvelasTan, vinc amgvar iniciativas gamoiCens 56.9
2. mxolod qristianul eklesiebTan/organizaciebTan 14.8
3. mxolod marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan/organizaciebTan 23.8
4. mxolod zogierT marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan/organizaciebTan 1.0
5. arc erTTan 0.3
6. miWirs pasuxis gacema 3.2
12. rogor fiqrobT, qarTulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam unda awarmoos Tu ara
dialogi/iTanamSromlos saqarTveloSi arsebul eklesiebTan da sxva religiur
organizaciebTan?
1. yvelasTan, vinc Tanaxma iqneba amaze 60.0
2. mxolod qristianul eklesiebTan/organizaciebTan 12.9
3. mxolod zogierT qristianul eklesiebTan/organizaciebTan 4.8
4. mxolod marTlmadidebel organizaciebTan 17.6
5. mxolod zogierT marTlmadidebel organizaciebTan 0.4
6. miWirs pasuxis gacema 4.3
16
didi umravlesobis mier dialogis mxardaWera udavod dadebiT tendenciad unda CaiTvalos;
SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom Sedegi ewinaaRmdegeba sxva kiTxvebze pasuxebs, magram sinamdvileSi
Zlieri religiuri identoba ar gamoricxavs religiur gaerTianebebTan dialogis mimReblobas.
da Tu, rogorc vnaxeT, religiur Semwynarebloba veranairad ver CaiTvleba wamyvan tendenciad
qarTul sazogadoebriv azrSi, mainc, mocemuli Sedegi gvaCvenebs, rom Cveni sazogadoebisaTvis
aseve ucxoa sruli Seuwynarebloba da brma mtroba sxva aRmsareblobebis mimarT.
13. rogor SeafasebT qvemoT CamoTvlili qveynebis gavlenas saqarTveloSi mimdinare
sazogadoebriv da religiur procesebze?
qveynebi dadebiTad ufro
dadebiTad,
vidre
uaryofiTad
ufro
uaryofiTad,
vidre
dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
1. ruseTi 5.6 27.5 40.4 19.5 7.0
2. aSS 5.0 29.3 35.4 23.0 7.3
3. somxeTi 3.7 37.2 32.3 7.1 19.7
4. azerbaijani 5.8 46.1 25.0 6.2 16.9
5. TurqeTi 4.7 34.5 31.3 12.7 16.8
6. germania 9.7 51.3 16.4 5.7 16.9
7. ukraina 25.0 60.4 5.8 1.4 7.4
8. saberZneTi 19.9 54.4 9.9 1.8 7.4
rogorc vxedavT, yvelaze dadebiTi ganwyobaa ukrainisa da saberZneTis mimarT, Semdeg modis
germania. yuradRebas iqcevs aSS-sadmi simpatiebis kleba rogorc TavisTavad, ise ruseTTan
SedarebiT. SesaZloa, aq roli iTamaSa vaSingtonis mier 5 ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis
oficialuri Sedegebis aRiarebam (sxva gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, Tbilisis mosaxleobis
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom Sedegebi gayalbda da unda daniSnuliyo meore turi). araa agreTve
gamoricxuli, rom qarTul sazogadoebas gadametebuli molodinebi hqonda aSS-s mimarT.
14. qvemoT mocemulia Tanamedrove msoflio politikis ZiriTadi `moTamaSeebi~. rogor
fiqrobT, sasurvelia Tu ara maTi gavlenis gazrda an Semcireba saqarTvelosTan
mimarTebaSi.
sasurvelia
gazrda
iyos, rogorc
aris
sasurvelia
Semcireba
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
1. aSS 9.1 22.1 65.4 3.4
2. ruseTi 29.2 13.7 53.6 3.5
3. evrokavSiri 48.1 24.0 22.4 5.5
4. CineTi 0.9 5.2 87.6 6.3
amrigad, aSS=s mimarT gulgacruebis fonze qarTuli sazogadoebis umravlesobis imedebi
evropas ukavSirdeba. angariSgasawevia ruseTis gavlenis gazrdis 30%-iani mxardaWera. da
bolos, SeSfoTebas iwvevs mkveTrad yaryofiTi damokidebuleba CineTis mimarT; ueWvelia, rom
igi gamowveulia saqarTveloSi Cinuri saTvistomos gaCeniT da misi swrafi zrdiT; vfiqrobT,
rom, SesaZlo konfliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad, am problemas saswrafod unda mieqces
yuradReba saxelmwifo doneze.
15. Tqveni azriT, rogor midis amJamad saqarTTvelos ganviTareba?
1. swori mimarTulebiT 10.2
2. ZiriTadad swori mimarTulebiT 36.8
3. ZiriTadad araswori mimarTulebiT 26.1
17
4. araswori mimarTulebiT 18.1
5. miWirs pasuxis gacema 8.8
azri daaxloebiT Suazea gayofili: `pesimistebis~ siWarbe `optimistebTan~ SedarebiT
kompensirdeba `zomieri optimistebis~ 37%-iT.
16. ras niSnavs piradad TqvenTvis qarTveloba? CamoTvlili maxasiaTeblebi SeafaseT qulebiT
0-dan 9-mde imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad aris TiToeuli qarTvelad yofnis gancdasTan
dakavSirebuli.
2004 2008 cvlileba
1. qarTuli ena 8,81 8.88 +0.07
2. tradiciuli saWmel-sasmeli 7,70 7.98 +0.28
3. Tavisufleba da adamianis uflebebi 6,88 7.88 +1.0
4. religia 8,37 8.80 +0.43
5. istoria 8,65 8.69 +0.04
6. mSvidobis moyvaroba 7,70 8.42 +0.72
7. Tanasworoba 6,75 7.75 +1.0
8. mecniereba da teqnika 5,87 6.28 +0.51
9. saqarTvelos konstitucia 6,35 6.49 +0.14
10. demokratia 6,09 8.39 +2.3
11. Tavisufali mewarmeoba 5,96 7.83 +1.87
12. humanizmi 7,50 6.48 -1.02
13. kultura, literatura, xelovneba 8,65 7.06 -1.59
grafaSi `cvlileba~ msxviladaa gamoyofili statistikurad mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi.
samwuxarod, es bloki mxolod or kiTxvarSi Sevida. miuxedavad amisa, pasuxebis dinamika mainc
Zalze sainteresoa. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, qarTuli identobis sami ZiriTadi komponentia ena,
religia da istoria (2004 wlis gamokiTxvasTan SedarebiT, religiam gauswro istorias).
meoTxe komponenti, saxeldobr kultura, literatura, xelovneba, romelic 2004 wlis
SedegebiT uswrebda religias da istoriis maCvenebels utoldeboda, mniSvnelovnad (1.6
punqtiT) qveiTdeba.
gaocebas iwvevs demokratiis komponentis mkveTri zrda, rasac Tan axlavs komponentebis
`Tavisufali mewarmeoba~ da `Tavisufleba da adamianis uflebebi~ maCveneblis agreTve
seriozuli zrda, gansakuTrebiT pirvelisa. mniSvnelovania agreTve `Tanasworobis~ maCveneblis
zrda. albaT, mxolod moyvanil Sedegebze dayrdnobiT ar SeiZleba mtkiceba, rom qarTulma
sazogadoebam realurad gaiTavisa ganviTarebuli qveynebis Rirebulebebi, magram yvela
SemTxvevaSi Sedegebi CaRrmavebul analizsa da Semdgom gadamowmebas moiTxovs.
yuradRebas ipyrobs agreTve komponentis `mSvidobis moyvareoba~ mniSvnelovani zrda. kidev
ufro sainteresoa statistikurad mniSvnelovani zrda komponentisa `mecniereba da teqnika~,
miT umetes komponentis `kultura, literatura, xelovneba~ mkveTri klebis fonze (amas
vambobT imis gamo, rom `mecniereba~ da `kultura~ xSirad erT kategoriaSi moiazreba).
SesaZloa, rom am maCveneblis zrda dakavSirebulia realuri (da ara formaluri) ganaTlebisa
da kvalifikaciis Rirebulebis zrdasTan. amasve unda ukavSirdebodes komponent `humanizmis~
mniSvnelovani kleba. unda vivaraudod, rom Cvens sazogadoebaSi, sadac wamyvania
pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebidan gamomavali normebi, izrdeba saqmeze orientirebuli
normebis Rirebuleba, rac dakavSirebulia arakvalificirebuli personalis samuSaodan
daTxovnasa Tu armiRebasTan, miuxedavad imisa, rom es SeiZleba iyos gaWirvebuli adamiani (anu
humanizmi, rogori samwuxaroc ar unda iyos es, ewireba saqmis interesebs), an axlobeli.
18
Tu SevajamebT zemoTqmuls, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom saqarTvelos qalaqis mosaxleobaSi (Cven ver
ganvavrcobT miRebul Sedegebs soflis mosaxleobaze, sadac cvlilebebi ufro nela
mimdinareobs) RirebulebaTa gadafasebis sakmaod swrafi procesi mimdinareobs. amasTan
cvlilebebi ori mimarTulebiT midis: erTis mxriv Zlierdeba marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
gavlena Tanamdevi tendenciebiT, meores mxriv ki matulobs demokratiasa da sabazro
ekonomikasTan asocirebuli komponentebis xvedriTi wili. momavali gvaCvenebs, SeZlebs Tu ara
qarTuli sazogadoeba yovelive amis SeTavsebas, Tu win RirebulebiTi axali krizisi gvelis.
19
daskvnebi (religiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze)
• qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia warmoadgens yvelaze meti ndobiT
mosargeble institucias dRevandel saqarTveloSi. amasTan, misi avtoritetis
Semdgomi zrdis tendencia naTladaa gamoxatuli
• saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi ilia II dadebiTad fasdeba gamokiTxulTa
90% metis mier da aqac SeimCneva zrdis tendencia.
• gamokiTxulTa 95% Tavs morwmuneTa ricxvs miakuTvnebs, Tumca yvela
religiur rituals regularulad asrulebs 12-17%.
• zemoTqmuli saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia
dReisaTvis warmoadgens yvelaze gavlenian da avtoritetul institucias
qalaquri mosaxleobis yvela fenisaTvis, miuxedavad sqesisa, asakisa,
ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da politikuri Sexedulebebisa. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom marTlmadidebloba Seadgens Tanamedrove identobis erT-erT mTavar
komponents (enasa da istoriasTan erTad).
• wina gamokiTxvebis analizi gviCvenebs, rom religiurobis faqtori Zlierdeba
politikuri da ekonomikuri krizisebis periodebSi. mocemul periodSi
eklesiis reitingis SesamCnevi zrda unda ukavSirdebodes 2007 wlis
noembridan moyolebul politikur kriziss da eklesiis rogorc zepolitikuri
mediatoris rols xsenebuli krizisis gamwvavebis momentebSi.
• oTxi gamokiTxvis Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze ikveTeba ori
urTierTsawinaaRmdego tendencia. erTis mxriv klebulobs religiur
umciresobaTa mimarT radikalur-Zaladobrivi zomebis (SekrebaTa darbeva,
literaturis ganadgureba) momxreTa ricxvi, amasTan izrdeba demokratiisa da
Tavisufali mewarmeobis, rogorc qarTuli identobis komponentebis, xvedriTi
wili; agreTve, gamokiTxulTa 50%-ze meti mxars uWers marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis dialogs sxva eklesiebTan; meores mxriv ki izrdeba
marTlmadideblobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis, skolaSi mxolod
marTlmadideblobis swavlebis, sxva konfesiaTa aqtivobis SezRudvis momxreTa
ricxvi. vfiqrobT, rom aRniSnuli tendenciebis gaZliereba-Sesusteba
damokidebuli iqneba qveyanaSi ekonomikur da socialur-politikur situaciaze.
• matulobs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis socialur-politikur procesebSi ufro
aqtiuri Carevis momxreTa ricxvi. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom, Tu eklesia am
`moTxovnas~ gamoexmaura, SeiZleba velodoT ganxeTqilebas rogorc
sazogadoebaSi, ise eklesiis SigniT.
20
demografiuli monacemebi
sqesi
mamr. 46.8
mdedr. 53.2
asaki
1. 18-25 14.5
2. 26-35 19.0
3. 36-45 19.8
4. 46-55 16.8
5. 56-65 13.6
6. 65+ 16.3
ganaTleba
ar mivlia skolaSi 0.1
dawyebiTi 0.4
dausrulebeli saSualo 2.2
saSualo 21.4
saSualo teqnikuri 16.7
arasruli umarlesi 7.5
umaRlesi 51.7
materialuri mdgomareoba
Zalian dabali
(1000 larze naklebi)
26.6
dabali
(1000-1500 lari)
24.6
saSualo
(2000-5000 lari)
43.9
maRali
(5000-10000 lari)
3.4
Zalian maRali
(10000 larze meti)
0.9
21
© konrad adenaueris fondi
regionuli programa „samxreT kavkasiis politikuri dialogi“