1

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli bostneuli kulturebis warmoeba da

meTesleoba

sasoflo-sakonsultaciosamsaxuri

2

winasityvaoba

krebulis mizania, mkiTxvels

gaacnos bostneuli kulturebis

xarisxiani Teslis miRebis Ses-

aZleblobebi, specialistebis

gamocdilebebsa da mecnierebis

Tanamedrove miRwevebze dayrd-

nobiT. igi daxmarebas gauwevs

fermerebs, mebostneobiTa da

bostneulis meTesleobiT dain-

teresebul pirebs, am dargis spe-

cialistebs.

broSuraSi warmodgenilia soflis

meurneobis wamyvani mecnier- mu-

Sakebis profesor noe xozreva-

niZis, docentebis leri nozaZisa

da koba kobalaZis naSromi. masSi,

mowinave qveynebis gamocdilebaze

dayrdnobiT da saqarTveloSi

aprobirebuli teqnologiebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, farTod aris

gaanalizebuli saqarTvelos

bunebriv-klimatur pirobebSi

bostneuli kulturebis

meTesleobis

sakiTxebi.

kavkasiis mTiani regionebis

ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso

asociacia

3

sarCevi

Sesavali ...................................................................................................................................5

Tavi 1

bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnikis zogadi RonisZiebebi .........................................7

Tavi II

erTwliani bostneuli kulturebis meTesleobis agroteqnika ......................................16

pomidori ...............................................................................................................................16

wiwaka .....................................................................................................................................20

kitri ......................................................................................................................................22

parkosnebi (lobio, cercvi, barda) ....................................................................................27

cereco ..................................................................................................................................29

qinZi .......................................................................................................................................30

Tavi III

orwliani bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnika .............................................................31

kombosto ...............................................................................................................................31

Zirxvenebi ..............................................................................................................................34

xaxvi .......................................................................................................................................39

niori ......................................................................................................................................42

—

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4

Tavi IV

delikatesi bostneuli ........................................................................................................44

salaTebi ................................................................................................................................44

brokoli anu satacurisebri kombosto .............................................................................46

yvavilovani kombosto .........................................................................................................46

danarTebi

danarTi 1

bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvis da mosavlis aRebis vadebi ...................................49

danarTi 2

bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvis da mosavlis aRebis vadebi ...................................51

—

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5

Sesavali

saqarTveloSi amJamad 70-ze meti saxeobis

bostneuli mohyavT. erT sulze maTi moxmarebis

saSualo wliuri norma 120-180 kg-ia. maT Soris

kombosto (yvelanairi) 35-55 kg, pomidori 25-32

kg, badrijani da wiwaka 3-5 kg, bostnis barda da

nedli lobio 7-10 kg, xaxvi da niori 6-10 kg, am-

denive stafilo, kitri 10-13kg, sufris Warxali

6-10kg, mwvanili 5-9kg da sxva danarCeni bost-

neuli 15-21 kg.

bostneuli kulturebis mosavlianobis zrda

mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli am kul-

turebis jiSiani da kondiciuri Teslebis Tes-

vaze. jiSiani Tesli mosavlianobis raodeno-

brivi da xarisxobrivi gaumjobesebis erT-erTi

mTavari faqtoria.

bostneulis meTesleobis ZiriTadi amocanaa

- adgilobriv pirobebTan kargad Seguebuli,

maRalxarisxiani da didmosavliani seleqciuri

da adgilobrivi jiSebis kargi TesviTi Rireb-

ulebis mqone Teslebis damzadeba, fermerul

meurneobebSi saSualo saheqtro mosavlianobis

gazrda da misi xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis

gaumjobeseba, rac produqciis siuxves da fer-

merTa Semosavlebis zrdas ganapirobebs. aqedan

gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania adgilobriv niada-

gur-klimatur pirobebSi Seguebuli bostneulis

Teslis warmoebis ganviTareba. aucilebelia ma-

Ralxarisxovani da didmosavliani seleqciuri

da adgilobrivi jiSebis Teslis Semotana da ad-

gilze gamravldeba. Teslis warmoeba fermerul

meurneobebSi saTanado codnas da meTesleobis

kanonebis wesebis dacvas moiTxovs.

meTesleobis warmoebisas, agroteqnikur

RonisZiebebTan erTad, mTavari yuradReba unda

mieqces saTesle mcenareebs Soris saizolacio

manZilebis dacvas. meTesleobaSi erTi saxeobis

ori jiSis erTad Tesva dauSvebelia, radgan

maTi erTmaneTTan bunebrivi Sejvarebisas xde-

ba jiSuri (biologiuri) dasarevlianeba, ris

gamoc, saukeTeso sameurneo Tvisebebis mqone

jiSebi ganicdian gadagvarebas.

6

bostneulis meTesleoba

bostneuli mcenareebi ganayofierebis mixed-

viT iyofa or jgufad:

TviTmtveria mcenareebi: barda, lobio, wi-

waka, badrijani, salaTa, pomidori da sxva.

jvaredindamamtverianebi: kombosto, stafi-

lo, boloki, Warxali, xaxvi, ispanaxi, satacuri,

kama, kitri, nesvi, sazamTro, gogra da sxva.

rogorc wesi, meTesle fermerebma unda daTe-

son bostneulis erTi saxeobis TiTo jiSi, ma-

gram Tu aucilebelia ori an meti jiSis Tesva,

maSin saWiroa sivrcobrivi izolaciis dacva.

instruqciis mixedviT, gogrovan mcenareebs

Soris (kitri, sazamTro da sxv.) sivrciTi izo-

lacia Ria gruntSi unda iyos 1000 metri, xolo

dacul gruntSi (saTburebi) _ 500 m; pomidors,

badrijansa da wiwakebs Soris saizolacio man-

Zili Ria gruntSi 100 metri da daculSi - 50m

unda iyos. sxvadasxva jiSis kombostoebis, Tal-

gamis, bolokis, stafilos, Warxlis saizolacio

I.

II.

manZilia Ria gruntSi 2000 m, daculSi - 600 m.

bostneuli mcenareebis saTesleebis teqni-

kuri simwifis periodSi, unda Catardes maTi

Semowmeba (aprobacia) kvalificiuri speciali-

stebis mier. teqnikuri simwife kombostosTvis

niSnavs Tavebis Camoyalibebis dasrulebas, xax-

visaTvis _ bolqvis gare farflebisa da yelis

gaxmobis dasawyisia, pomidvrisTvis _ masobriv

simwifeSi Sesvla, lobiosTvis _ qveviTa parkeb-

Si marcvlebis Semosvlis dasawyisi, kitrisTvis

_ mwvane kitrebis zrdis dasruleba da erTeuli

saTesleebis momwifebis dawyeba.

meTesleobis nakveTebSi mcenareTa ganviTa-

rebis fazebSi, aprobaciamde da aprobaciis Sem-

deg aucilebelia Catardes jiSobrivi wmenda-

gamorCeva. jiSobrivi wmendis dros nakveTidan

mocildeba (amoiTxreba) gadaxris mqone da daa-

vadebuli mcenareebi.

7

Tavi I

bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnikis zogadi RonisZiebebi

nakveTis adgilis SerCeva

bostneulis meTesleoba unda vawarmooT

mebostneobis Teslbrunvis mindorze. Tu ama-

Si nakveTebis simcire gviSlis xels, maSin Se-

varCioT calke nakveTi da movawyoT kultura-

Ta mkacri morigeoba ise, rom erTi da igive

kultura Tavis adgils maqsimum 2-3 weliwadSi

erTxel daubrundes. es RonisZieba mavnebel-

daavadebaTa Tavidan acilebis mizniT tardeba

da saSualebas gvaZlevs miviRoT stabiluri da

ekologiurad sufTa mosavali.

meTesleobis, da saerTod, bostneulis war-

moebisaTvis unda SeirCes struqturiani, nayo-

fieri, organuli nivTierebebiT mdidari, sarev-

elebisagan sufTa, qarisagan daculi sarwyavi

miwis farTobebi.

niadagis damuSaveba.

bostneuli kulturebi moiTxoven niadagis

gulmodgine damuSavebas. samuSaoebi Semodgomi-

dan iwyeba da Tesvamde grZeldeba. xorblis, qeris,

xaxvis, nivris, balaxebis da sxva mosavlis aRebis

Semdgom, nakveTi unda gasufTavdes winamorbedi

kulturebis narCenebisa da sarevelebisagan. arax-

elsayreli amindebis dadgomamde, niadagSi unda

SevitanoT fosforiani da kaliumiani mineraluri

sasuqebi imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli bostneu-

lis daTesvas vapirebT; an movabnioT gadamwvari

(msxvilfexa pirutyvis) nakeli heqtarze 50-60

t-s raodenobiT. nakeli Tanabrad unda ganawil-

des mTel farTobze, Semdeg ki Catardes mzralad

xvna 26-28 sm. siRrmeze.

gazafxulis dadgomamde (Tebervlis bolodan

aprilamde) nakveTi rCeba xeluxlebeli. niadag-

Si tenis SenarCunebisa da sarevelebis mospobis

mizniT, mzralze unda davfarcxoT. Tesva-rgvis

dawyebamde, ramdenime dRiT adre, ki SevitanoT

azotiani sasuqi (nakeliT ganoyierebis SemTxveva-

8

Si gaTvaliswinebuli dozis 50-60%) da CavataroT

kultivacia. amis Semdeg nakveTi mzadaa nebismieri

kulturis dasaTesad an dasargavad.

niadagi, romelic Semodgomaze mzralad ar

moixna, unda moixnas zamTarSi (yinvebis dasa-

wyisSi), an adre gazafxulze, raTa droulad

moxdes misi dajdoma-gafxviereba. winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi, Tesva-rgvisaTvis mosamzadebli sa-

muSaoebi ufro did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.

daculi gruntis mowyoba da CiTilebis

gamoyvana.

zogierTi bostneuli mcenaris CiTilebi (kom-

bosto, pomidori, wiwaka da sxv.) gamohyavT Ria

kvlebSi, yuTebSi, torf-neSompalian qoTnebSi

da sxv. Cvens pirobebSi, yvelaze xelmisawvdo-

mi da iafia kvalsaTburebis mowyoba Ria kvle-

bze rkalebis saSualebiT, polieTilenis firis

gadafarebiT. aseT kvalsaTburebSi sruliad

warmatebiT SeiZleba pomidvris, wiwakis da kom-

bostos CiTilis

gamoyvana.

saCiTile kv-

lebisaTvis unda

SeirCes myudro,

qarisagan dacu-

li, samxreTisken

odnav daqanebu-

li vake adgili. niadagi unda iyos mSrali da

kargi wyalgamtari, xolo nakveTi - sarwyavi

wyliT uzrunvelyofili.

mebostneobaSi polimerul firebs da sasaT-

bure badeebs ZiriTadad saTburebis da kvalsaT-

burebis sayrdenebze gadasafareblad iyeneben.

9

saTburebisTvis

iyeneben 150-200,

xolo kvalsaT-

bur e b i s aT v i s

80-100 mikronis

sisqis gamWvir-

vale firs.

k v a l s a T b u r i

Sedgeba rkalis, firis, samagrisa da palosagan.

rkali mzaddeba 4-6 mm kveTis mavTulisagan. qa-

rian adgilebSi umjobesia 60 sm siganis kval-

saTburis mowyoba, xolo sxva SemTxvevebSi - 90

sm siganis. pirvel SemTxvevaSi rkalis sigrZe

unda iyos 130 sm, xolo meoreSi - 160 sm. 15-

20 sm niadagSi Casobis Semdeg. rkalis simaRle

niadagis zedapiridan pirvel SemTxvevaSi 25-30

sm unda iyos, xolo meoreSi - 30-35 sm.

10 metriani sigrZis (farTi 9 kv.m.) gvirabise-

bri saTburkvalis mosawyobad saWiroa 11 cali

160 sm sigrZis ,,katanga” mavTuli, 40 m sigrZis

polieTilenis xezi (Spakati), ori cali palo, 12-

13 metri sigrZisa da 160 sm siganis polieTilenis

firi, xolo firis samagrad 10-12 metri sigrZis

xis boZebi. ase mowyobil kvalsaTburebSi bioma-

sad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT winaswar Sexurebuli

nakeli. Cvens pirobebSi ki gaTboba mxolod mzis

Tbierebazea damokidebuli. kvalSi Tesvamde (ma-

namde daburuli

unda iyos) SeaqvT

1 kv.m.-ze 4-5 ve-

dros odenobiT

gacrili, gad-

amwvari nakeli.

mas Toxnian, as-

woreben focxiT,

SeaqvT maxrebisa

da mRrRnelebis sawinaaRmdego masala (TuTiis

fosfati, RerRili, mzesumziris zeTi), Semdeg

yofen 8-10 sm mwkrivebad, Tesaven, faraven miwis

Txeli feniT, tkepnian, TesvisTanave rwyaven da

afareben firs. movliTi samuSaoebia _ morwyva

yovel me-2 an me-3 dRes, margvla - gafxviereba

- gamoxSirva 2-3-jer, wamlobebi mavnebel-daa-

vadebebis sawinaaRmdegod 2-3-jer, ganoyiereba-

gamokveba sarwyaviT (10 l wyalSi yrian 1 asanTis

kolof azotian da fosforiani sasuqs. kargad

morevis Semdeg, xsnars moasxureben 1-1,5 kv.m.-ze

10

da Semdeg aucileblad Carecxaven sufTa wyliT).

amoRebis win 2-3 dRiT adre CiTili sasurvelia

damuSavdes sistemuri fungicidiTa da inseqti-

cidiT, xolo erTi dRiT adre ki aucileblad

unda movrwyaT, rom fesvTa sistema dauzianebeli

SerCes.

mcenareebis aRmocenebis Semdeg, mzian amindSi,

saWiroa firebis moxda, xolo saRamosaTvis kvlav

dafareba. am samuSaoebis Sedegad, unda miviRoT

1 kv.m-ze pamidvris 300-400 cali CiTili, kombos-

tos - 200-250c, xolo wiwakis 400-500c. CiTili.

Tesvis win Tesli unda Seiwamlos Sesabamisi fun-

gicidiT.

niadagis ganoyiereba

organuli sasuqebidan, sabostne nakveTebSi,

ZiriTadad msxvilfexa saqonlis gadamwvari na-

keli unda gamoviyenoT, romelic saSualod Sei-

cavs _ 0,5% -s, 0,25% P2O

5,-s da 0,6% K

2O-s. Tu

heqtarze SevitanT 30 tona gadamwvar nakels,

maSin Setanili iqneba N - 150 kg, P2O

5 -75kg da

K2O - 180 kg. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven rekomen-

dacias vaZlevT nakelis Setanisas mineraluri

sasuqebis gamoyenebis 50%-iT Semcirebas, rac

sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom mcenare uzrunve-

lyofili iyos mineraluri sakvebiT.

11

cxrili 1

bostneuli kulturebis mier mineraluri elementebis gamotana

niadagidan mosavlianobis mixedviT

# kulturamosavali

1 ha-ze tona

1 heqtarze mosavali Seicavs (gamoaqvs) kg

N P2O

5K

2O

1. TeTrTaviani kombosto 50 205 70 245

2. pomidori 40 132 46 181

3. sufris Warxali 40 108 61 171

4. stafilo 30 69 31 114

5. Taviani xaxvi 25 111 29 53

6. kitri 30 51 41 78

7. boloki 10 50 15 54

mineraluri sasuqebis dozebis dacva gansa-

kuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs, vinaidan mcire

dozebis Setanam SeiZleba niadagis gamofitva

gamoiwvios, xolo Warbi dozebis gamoyenebisas

ki SesaZloa moxdes produqciis dabinZureba.

Tu niadagis ganoyierebas marto nakeliT va-

pirebT, maSin heqtarze 60-100 tona naxevrad

gadamwvari nakelis Setanaa saWiro, budnebSi

Sesatanad ki sakmarisia 12-20 tona gadamwvari

nakeli. aRniSnuli doziT niadagis ganoyiereba

moqmedebs 2-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

mineraluri sasuqebidan mebostneobaSi

ZiriTadad iyeneben azotian, fosforian da ka-

liumian sasuqebs. maTi dozebis gansazRvrisas

12

unda gaviTvaliswinoT sasuqebSi sakvebi ele-

mentebis procentuli Semcveloba, masze mcena-

ris moTxovna da niadagis tipi.

Teslis xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi da

misi momzadeba dasaTesad

Tesli unda iyos axali, saRi da kargad momwife-

buli. dasaTesad saukeTesoa erTi wlis Tesli.

gamonakliss warmoadgens gogrovani mcnareebi,

romelTa 2-3 wlis Teslebi erTi wlis Tesl-

ze ufro nayofieria. Teslis gamoyenebis xan-

grZlivoba, xarisxobrivi da sxva maCveneblebi

warmodgenilia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi.

cxrili 2

bostneuli kulturebis Teslebis Rirsebis maCveneblebi

da Tesvis normebi

# kultura

Teslis Senaxvis

vargisia-noba /(w.)

1 g-Si Teslis raode-noba /

(cali)

aRmocenebis unari I

klasis Tes-lisaTvis / %

1000 Tes-lis wona

(gr.)

Tesvis norma kg/ha

mcenareTa dgoma

1 ha-ze aTa-si cali

1. Taviani kom-

bosto3-4 weli 250-300 85% 3,1-3,5 0,4-0,6 25-30

2. pomidori 4-8 weli 250-300 85% 2,8-3,3 0,4-0,6 35-45

3. sufris War-

xali4-5 weli 50-90 80% 10-16 10-12 400-600

4. stafilo 2-3 weli 800-900 70% 1,3-1,5 4,0-6,0 1200-1500

5. Taviani xaxvi 3 350-400 80% 2,8-3,7 6-8 5000-6000

6. kitri 6-8 40-60 90% 16-25 3,0-3,5 200-240

7. boloki 3-4 100-120 85% 7-8 8-10 1250-1300

13

bostneulis dasaTesad unda gamoviyenoT

mxolod cxrilSi aRniSnuli Rirsebis Tesle-

bi, xolo sakuTari warmoebisas Tesli unda da-

vamzadoT mxolod I klasis Teslebis moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad.

yovelmxriv Semowmebuli Tesli Tesvamde

kvlav momzadebas moiTxovs. daTesvis win Tesli

2-3 saaTiT unda moTavsdes TermostatSi +60+620C

temperaturaze, Semdeg ki moxdes misi mSrali

wesiT wamloba (romelime axali preparatiT).

amisaTvis Tesli da preparati unda movaTavsoT

hermetulad daxurul minis WurWelSi an polie-

Tilenis parkSi (1 kg Teslze 4-6 gr preparatis

SereviT) da vanjRrioT 5-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg Tesli SegviZlia

dasaTesad gamoviyenoT.

imisaTvis, rom CvenTvis sasurveli raodeno-

bis Tesli vawarmooT, unda vicodeT kulturis

Teslis mosavlianoba da misi gamosavali. ixi-

leT cxrili 3.

14

morwyva

vegetaciis periodSi bostneuli mcenaree-

bi didi raodenobiT wyals moixmaren, amitom

gvalvian adgilebSi, myari, uxvi da xarisxiani

mosavlis miReba, morwyvis gareSe SeuZlebelia.

bostneuli mcenareebi, tenianobis yvelaze

meti moTxovnilebiT, ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

fazebSi gamoirCevian: xaxvi _foTlebis intensi-

uri zrdis fazaSi, kitri da pomidori _ nayo-

fis ganviTarebis fazaSi, kombosto _ Tavebis

daxvevis dawyebidan, Zirxvenebi _ zrdisa da

Zirxvenebis damsxvilebisas.

morwyvis sixSire damokidebulia niadagze,

klimatze, gamoyenebul agroteqnikaze, morwyvis

wesebze, kulturis saxeobaze, morwyvis normaze

da sxv. amitom niadagi unda movrwyaT im varau-

cxrili 3

bostneulis Teslis mosavlianoba da gamosavali

# kulturaTeslis

mosavali cent/ha

Teslis gamo-savlis % produ-

qciis masidan

saTesle saizolacio manZili, aranaklebi - metri

Ria grunti daxuruli grunti

1. Taviani kombosto 34 - 2000 800

2. pomidori 0,6-1,0 0,25-0,5 100 50

3. sufris Warxali 6-8 - 2000 800

4. stafilo 3-4 - 2000 800

5. Taviani xaxvi 3-6 - 1000 500

6. kitri 1,0-1,5 0,45-1,2 1000 500

7. boloki 5-6 - 2000 600

15

diT rom masSi

wyali kritikul

donemde (zRvru-

li ten-tevado-

bis 60-65%-ze) ar

davides.

bostani unda

movrwyaT kvlebSi miSvebiT. mcire nakadiT _ ga-

Jonvis (horiztaluri filtracia) wesiT. sar-

wyavi kvlebi unda daiWras miwis Semomyreli

guTnebiT, cxenis an mini traqtorebis sakidi

kultivator-miwis SemomyrelebiT. sarwyavi wy-

lis ekonomiisa da maRalefeqturi gamoyenebis

TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso Sedegebs iZleva wve-

Tovani morwyva.

bostneulis movla

bostneuli kulturebis naTesebis movla

moiTxovs iseTi samuSaoebis Catarebas, rogori-

caa niadagis zedapirze gaCenili qerqis daSla,

gacdenili adgilebis gamoTesva _gamorgva,

saWiroebis mixedviT Toxna_gafxviereba; sarev-

elebTan brZola; qimiuri da biologiuri meTo-

debiT mavnebel daavadebebTan brZola; naTe-

sebis gameCxereba_mwkrivebis margvla, morwyva,

saTesleebis akvra da a.S.

naTesebis margvla umjobesia Catardes nawvi-

marze an morwyvis Semdeg, teniani niadagidan

sarevelebis fesvianad amoReba ufro iolia.

sarevela mcenareebi sasurvelia moispos, rogorc

naTesebSi, ise gzebze da sarwyav arxebTan.

naTesebis gameCxerianebis periodi damokide-

bulia kulturis Taviseburebasa da gameCxeri-

anebis wesze. pirveli gameCxerianebisas mcena-

reebs Soris (xaxvi, stafilo, Warxali, kitri

da sxv.) manZili 2-3 sm-s ar unda aRematebodes,

Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT gavzardoT, sanam mce-

narisaTvis saWiro kvebis ares ar mivaRwevT. zo-

gierTi kulturebis (stafilo, Warxali, xaxvi,

boloki da sxv.) ganmeorebiT gameCxerianeba ma-

nam ar unda Catardes, sanam axalgazrda mcenare

sakvebad ar iqneba gamosadegi (sakone xaxvi, sta-

filo, Warxali, boloki da sxv.).

16

Tavi II

erTwliani bostneuli kulturebis meTesleobis agroteqnika

erTwlian bostneuls miekuTvnebian is mcena-

reebi, romlebic TavianT sasicocxlo cikls

aRmonacenidan Teslis momwifebamde erT saveg-

etacio periodSi amTavreben. esenia: pomidori,

badrijani, wiwaka, kitri, nesvi, sazamTro, gogra,

yabayi, patisoni, salaTa, ispanaxi, lobio, qinZi,

cereco, qondari, rehani da sxva.

pomidori

pomidvris samSob-

lod meqsika da samxreT

amerikis tropikuli

mxare iTvleba. samSob-

loSi pomidori mraval-

wliani mcenarea. CvenSi

mas vamravlebT, rogorc

erTwlian kulturas.

e.i. nayofsa da Tesls

pirvel welsve viRebT.

pomidori siTbos moyvar

uli mcenarea, igi +10 +120 C temperaturaze zr-

das aCerebs, xolo 0 -1 0 C iRupeba.

pomidvrisTvis yvelaze karg niadagad iTvle-

ba nayofieri, struqturiani, msubuqi Tixnari,

Tixa, kargi wyaltevadobis Rrma niadagebi.

misTvis uvargisia haerisa da wylis cudi teva-

dobis, mJave da tute niadagebi. gvalvian adgi-

lebSi pomidvrisTvis unda SevarCioT mxolod

sarwyavi nakveTebi.

niadagis ganoyiereba

pomidori niadagidan didi raodenobiT sakveb

elementebs iRebs, amitom misTvis SerCeuli na-

kveTi an wina wlis ganoyierebuli unda iyos, an

uSualod - dargvis win. niadagis ganoyierebis

mizniT, mineraluri sasuqebidan viyenebT azo-

tovan, fosforovan da kaliumian sasuqebs.

sasuqis Setana aucilebelia erTmaneT-

Tan simbiozSi. azotis Sefardeba kaliumTan

unda iyos 1:2. es niSnavs, rom Tu azoti 2 kg.

Segvaqvs, kaliumi unda SevitaniT 4 kg. (igulisx-

meba wminda elementi, anu - moqmedi nivTiereba).

amiT mcirdeba nitratebis (NO3) da (NO

2) Sem-

17

cveloba. Sesabamisad garantirebulia ekolo-

giurad sufTa produqtis miReba. calmxrivi

gapativebisas sasuqebis efeqti dabalia. maRali

da xarisxiani mosavlis misaRebad aucilebelia

samive saxis sasuqis Setana saTanado dozebiT.

sapomidvre nakveTSi SeaqvT 40-60 tona saqon-

lis gadamwvari nakeli, xolo naxevrad gadam-

wvari _ ufro meti. Tu gadamwvari nakeli cota

gvaqvs, igi budnebSi (mcenareTa ZirSi) unda Se-

vitanoT 0,5-1,0 kg. raodenobiT.

sarwyav da Warbtenian adgilebSi organuli,

fosforovani da kaliumiani sasuqebi SeaqvT

Semodgomaze, mzralad xvnis win, an gazafxul-

ze, kultivaciis dawyebis win. organuli sasuqis

Semodgomaze Setanis SemTxvevaSi mineraluri

sasuqebis dozebi unda ganaxevrdes.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pomidors mxolod mineral-

uri sasuqebiT vanoyierebT, erT heqtarze unda

SevitanoT 4-5 centneri sulfatamoniumi an 2,5-

3,0 centneri amoniumis gvarjila, superfosfati

5-7c da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0 c. Setana xdeba

xeliT da manqaniT, mwkrivad an mofantviT.

niadagis damuSaveba

saTesle nakveTis damuSaveba unda

daviwyoT winamorbedi kulturebis

narCenebis gawmendiT, Semdeg niada-

gSi SevitanoT organo-mineraluri

sasuqebi da movxnaT winasaxnisiani

guTniT 26-28 sm siRrmeze. gaza-

fxulze mzralis SeSrobisTanave,

tenis SenarCunebis mizniT, niadagi

davfarcxoT da nakveTi CiTilebis

dargvamde ase davtovoT. dargvis win

SevitanoT azotiani sasuqi da CavataroT

kultivacia-dafarcxva. bolos gavakeToT bazo

kvlebi da sarwyavi arxebi.

pomidvris Tesva da CiTilebis

gadargva

pomidvris CiTili unda gamoviyvanoT kvalsaT-

burebSi, polieTilenis saTburkvalSi (ix. nax 1)

an Ria kvlebSi. Tesva unda Catardes gadargva-

mde 50-65 dRiT adre. ukve momZlavrebuli da

kargad ganviTarebuli CiTilebi dasargavad mu-

dmiv adgilze gadavitanoT.

18

bostneulis CiTilisa da produqciis

mosayvani mzis Tburebis gvirabisebri

saTburkvali

pomidvris CiTili amoRebis

win 2-4 dRiT adre unda moirw-

yas, Seiwamlos sistemuri fun-

gicidisa da sistemuri inseqti-

cidis kombinirebuli xsnariT

da dairgas mudmiv adgilze.

dabalmozard determinantul

jiSebs Soris kvebis area 70sm

X 30-35sm, xolo maRalmozardi

jiSebis - 70sm X 60-70sm-ze.

CiTili irgveba xeliT, palos

gamoyenebiT, an - bariT. da-

b almo -

z a r d i

jiSebis

aRzrda

x d e b a

bazo-kv-

l e b z e

dawvniT,

x o l o

maRalmozardi jiSebi unda aikras sarebze,

mavTulze dakidebul Tokze an gvirabisebr

sayrdenebze. nargavebi unda moirwyas.

sxvadasxva konstruqciis sayrdenebi

maRalmozardi bostneulis

kulturebisTvis

meore naxatze waarmodgenili maRalmozardi

pomidvrisaTvis sayrdenebis ramdenime tipi arse-

bobs. sayrdenebad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT xis sa-

rebi, bambuki, 6-8 mm sigrZis “katanka” mavTuli,

polimeruli masalis milebi, xis damuSavebis Se-

degad darCenili wvrili narCenebi da sxva.

dargvidan 4-6 dRis Semdeg saWiroa gacdenili

adgilebis gamorgva da ganmeorebiT morwyva.

vegetaciis periodSi niadagi unda iyos fxvieri

da sarevelebisgan gaTavisuflebuli. amisaTvis

saWiroa ToxiT an xelis kultivatoriT mwkrivebis

2-3-jer damuSaveba, morwyva moTxovnilebisda

mixedviT (4-6-jer), mavneblebisa da daavadebebis

winaaRmdeg sistematuri brZola.

naxati 1

19

maRalmozard saTesle pomi-

dors sayrdenebze akraven 2-3

adgilas. say r de neb ze akruli

mcenareebi ukeTaa ganaTebu li,

nayofi ar talaxiandeba da nak-

lebad avaddeba. Sedegad miiRe-

ba maRalxarisxovani nayofi da

saTesle masala.

gamokveba

vegetaciis periodSi pomidvris

gamokveba sasurvelia organuli nivTierebebiT.

wyalSi daduRebuli 1 wili frinvelis nakeli

unda gazavdes 10-15 wil wyalSi. Tu frinvelis

nakeli ar gvaqvs, maSin Segvaqvs 4-5 wil wyalSi

gazavebuli saqonlis JiJa, an 8-10 wil wyalSi

gazavebuli saqonlis axali nakeli, romelic

mcenareebs ZirebSi 8-10 m sigrZeze unda moesxu-

ros. yovel vedro xsnars unda daematos 50 g.

superfosfati, 20-25 grami kaliumi. narevi unda

moesxuros niadagze. es procedura tardeba 1-

2-jer, pirvelad - nayofebis formirebis dasa-

wyisSi, meored _ ori kviris Semdeg.

gasxvla

gasxvla saWiroa maRalmozard, Zlieri gan-

viTarebis pomidvris jiSebze. igi xels uwyobs

mcenaris kvebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, maT

maqsimalur ganaTebas, nayofebis damsxvilebas

da daavadebebis gavrcelebis Semcirebas. pomid-

vris dabalteniani jiSebi ar isxvleba.

gasxvlisas pomidors unda darCes Ziridan 2-

3 amonayari, xolo sxva amonayari _ namxrevebi,

mTlianad unda Seecalos, rom buCqi gamoTxel-

des. vegetaciis periodSi SeiZleba misi gafur-

Cqvnac.

jiSuri wmenda

saTesle nakveTebze aucilebelia Catardes ji-

Suri wmenda. CiTilebis dargvisas unda gamo-

varCioT da gadavyaroT susti, daavadebuli da

jiSuri niSnebiT gadaxrili mcenareebi. jiSuri

niSnebi mkveTrad SeiniSneba nayofebis damwi-

febis dasawyiSi. amitom ujiSo da daavadebuli

mcenareebi pirveli krefis dawyebamde unda ga-

davyaroT da SevadginoT saTanado aqti. sauke-

Teso mcenareebi movniSnoT specialuri iar-

20

liyebiT (pozitiuri gadarCeva), xolo saTesle

nayofebi movkrifoT SerCeviT. darCenili nayo-

fi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sakvebad.

Teslis damzadeba

pomidvris mosavlis aRebamde unda Catardes

aprobacia. Teslis gamosavlianoba bevrad aris

damokidebuli Teslis damzadebis teqnikaze.

yvelaze mosavlianad iTvleba pirveli xuTi mte-

vnidan SerCeuli saukeTeso nayofis Tesli. ami-

tom, rogorc wesi, Tesli unda damzaddes pirveli

5-6 krefis periodSi aRebuli nayofis Teslidan.

Teslis damzadeba unda dasruldes seqtembris

pirvel dekadaSi. mokrefili mwife nayofi ramden-

ime dRiT unda movaTavsoT specialur taraSi an

Taroebze - ukeT dasamwifeblad, raTa darbile-

bul nayofs Tesli advilad moscildes.

Teslis damzadebis win saTesle nayofebi

unda gavrecxoT, Semdeg gavWraT gardigard-

mo da ceris daWeriT Tesli budidan gamova-

calkevoT. gamocalkevebuli Tesli movaTav-

soT xis kasrSi an minis WurWelSi da davtovoT

dasaduReblad araumetes 2-3 dRisa, rom ar Sem-

cirdes misi aRmocenebis unari. e.w. “daduRe-

buli” Tesli 3-4 jer gavrecxoT wyliT da Wur-

Wlis Zirze daZirvisTanave gadavwuroT. kargad

garecxili Tesli gavSaloT ficarze an tiloze

da movaTavsoT Crdilian adgilas gasaSrobad.

Tu Tesli daikoSta, is xeliT unda davfSvnaT.

Teslis gamosavali Seadgens 0,3-0,5%-s. e.i. 300-

500 gr. Teslis misaRebad saWiroa 100 kg pomi-

dori. Teslis absoluturi wona 2,5-6 gr-ia.

wiwakawiwakis samSoblod meqsika da gvatemala iTvleba.

Tavis samSobloSi wiwaka mravalwliani mcenarea.

CvenSi mas vamravlebT ro-

gorc erTwlian kultu-

ras, Tumca, qoTnebSi, oTa-

xis da saTburis pirobebSi

moyvanili wiwaka ramdenime,

weli cocxlobs.

wiwaka sinaTlis da wy-

lis moyvaruli bost-

neulia. igi moiTxovs

noyier, fxvier, struq-

turian niadags. misTvis

21

ganoyiereba mosavlianobis gazrdis erT-erTi

pirobaa.

nayofis gemos mixedviT ansxvaveben tkbil da

mware wiwakas. tkbil wiwakas umTavresad iyene-

ben sakonservo warmoebaSi, mwares ki - sanele-

blad. wiwaka yvelaze met ,,C” vitamins Seicavs,

igi TviTmtveriaa, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi jva-

redinad mtveriandeba, amitom, jiSiani meTesle-

obis mizniT, jiSebs Soris sivrcobrivi izola-

cia unda iyos daculi.

wiwakis agroteqnika _ pomidvris agroteqni-

kis msgavsia. wiwakas, iseve, rogorc pomidors,

winaswar gamoyvanili CiTiliT vrgavT, romelic

gadargvamde 40-50 dRiT adre iTeseba. 1 m2-ze

modis 300-400 cali Tbil an Ria kvalze gamo-

yvanili CiTili.

wiwakas, pomidvris msgavsad Wirdeba niada-

gis momzadeba, sasuqebis Setana, gamokveba, CiT-

ilebis amoReba, dargva da movla.

wiwaka irgveba mwkrivad. tkbili wiwakis darg-

vis sqemaa 60sm X 30sm, mware wiwakis ki - 50sm

X 25sm. wiwakas rgaven bazo kvlebze. dargvis

Semdgom aucilebelia morwyva da 4-6 dRis Sem-

deg gacdenili adgilebis gamorgva. wiwaka didi

raodenobiT haers da tens moiTxovs. nayofebis

gamonaskva kargad mimdinareobs maSin, roca

haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 60-70%-ia. nakle-

bi tenianobisas naskvi da axlad gamonaskvuli

nayofi cviva. amitomac, vegetaciis periodSi,

igi moiTxovs 8-10-jer morwyvas. mosavliano-

baSi Sesvlis periodidan rwyva yoveli krefis

Semdeg tardeba. saTesled SerCeul TiToeul

buCqze unda davtovoT 3-6 cali saukeTeso nay-

ofi, uvargisebi ki movkrifoT.

saTesle wiwakis jiSuri wmenda tardeba mce-

naris mTel savegetacio periodSi. Aam dros na-

kveTs unda movaciloT jiSisaTvis aratipiuri

mcenareebi (daavadebuli da dabalmosavliani)

da Sevadgi-

noT saTa-

n ado

22

aqti. wiwakis jiSuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebis

mizniT, saTesle nakveTebSi, sistematurad unda

SevarCioT saukeTeso egzemplarebi. maTgan avi-

RoT Tesli da SevinaxoT saTesled Semdegi

wlisaTvis.

wiwakidan Tesls viRebT maSin, rodesac nayo-

fi srul simwifes miaRwevs. mwife nayofs ukve

aqvs jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebli feri. saTesle

nayofebi movkrifoT xeliT.

ojaxSi mosaxmarebeli nayofi Zafze asxmuli,

mSral adgilas unda SevinaxoT. daTesvis dRes

Tesli nayofs movaciloT da davTesoT. im Sem-

TxvevaSi, Tu Tesls sarealizaciod vamzadebT,

saWiroa, droulad gamoviRoT nayofidan. Tes-

lis gamosaRebad umjobesia, saTesle nayofis

yunws TiTiT davawveT da SigniT CavamtvrioT.

Semdeg yunwiT amoviRoT Teslbude, gavfinoT,

gavaSroT da Tesli Teslbudidan gamovfSvnaT.

nayofgaremo ki calke gavaxmoT da saneleblad

gamoviyenoT.

cxare wiwakis Teslis gamoclisas, aucilebe-

lia, saxeze iqonioT dolbandis safari, radgan

kafsacinma (sicxarem) sasunTqi gzebi da Tvalis

lorwovani garsi ar daazianos. nayofi gamofSv-

namde wyliT unda dainamos. Tesli ganmeorebiT

unda gamoSres da Sesanaxad moTavsdes spe-

cialur iarliyian tomrebSi.

tkbili wiwakis 1t. nayofidan (nedli) miiReba

30-36 kg. Tesli e.i. Teslis gamosavalia 3-3,5%,

xolo mware wiwakis nayofis Teslis gamosavalia

7-8%. e.i. yovel 100 kg. nedli saTesleebidan

miiReba 7,0-8,0 kg. Tesli, xolo gamxmari, mware

wiwakis nayofis Teslis gamosavalia 25-30%. 1

ha-dan Teslis saSualo gamosavalia 1-2 cent-

neri.

kitrikitris samSoblod indoeTi, indonezia da

samxreT CineTi iTvleba. kitri, siTbos da tenis

moyvaruli, mxviara da mxoxavi, jvaredinmtveria

mcenarea. igi iviTarebs erTbinian, calsqesian

yvavilebs. meTesleobis zonebSi unda vTesoT

kitris mxolod erTi jiSi.

23

kitri mokle saveg-

etacio periodis kul-

turaa, daTesvidan 50-

60 dReSi iZleva mwvane

nayofs, xolo 30-100

dReSi sruliad vargi-

sian Tesls.

kitri moiTxovs

noyier, struqturian

niadags. mis mosayvanad

saukeTeso mosavals

iZleva axladaTvisebu-

li axo da yamiriani niad-

agebi. TeslbrunvaSi ikavebs nakeliT ganoyiere-

bul pirvel mindors. nakeliT gapativebisas

heqtarze saWiroa 40-60 t. saqonlis gadamwvari

nakeli da mineraluri sasuqebis sruli dozis

50%. mineraluri sasuqebiT ganoyierebisas, sru-

li dozebia: superfosfati 5-6 centneri, sulfa-

tamoniumi 2,5-3 centneri, an amoniumis gvarjila

am dozis naxevari da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0

centneri heqtarze.

kitrisaTvis saukeTeso winamorbedebia: er-

Twliani da mravalwliani balaxebi, parkosnebi,

kombosto, xaxvi da kartofili.

unda vicodeT, rom bostneuli kulturebis

erTsa da imave nakveTze Tesva-rgva dauSvebelia.

qarian da mzisgul adgilebSi mizanSewonilia

kitris kulisuri Tesva. qaris sawinaaRmdego

mxridan, yoveli 5-6 metris daSorebiT, kitrs

unda davuTesoT, or-sam mwkrivad, simindi, mze-

sumzira, an sorgo.

niadagis momzadeba

kitrisaTvis nakveTis damuSaveba wina wels

iwyeba da grZeldeba Tesvis periodamde. Semod-

gomaze, seqtember-oqtomberSi, nakveTi unda

gaiwmindos winamdebare kulturis narCenebisa-

gan, Setanil iqnas organo-mineraluri sasuqebis

garkveuli raodenoba da moixnas mzralad. tenis

SenarCunebis mizniT, mzrali, adre gazafxulze,

niadagis piris SeSrobisTanave unda daifarcxos,

Tesvamde Setanil iqnas agroteqnikiT gaTval-

iswinebuli azotian-mineraluri sasuqi da Cau-

24

tardes kultivacia-da-

farcxva. amgvarad nakve-

Ti mzadaa dasaTesad.

Tesva

Tesva unda daviwyoT

maSin, rodesac niadagSi

10 sm siRrmeze tempera-

tura +13+150C miaRwevs.

saTesled, Cveulebriv, am-

jobineben 2-3 wlis Teslebs. sanam davTesavT,

Tesli 2 saaTis ganmavlobaSi TermostatSi unda

gavaxuroT (+55+620C), Semdeg gavagriloT da

saTanado preparatiT SevwamloT. Sewamlvamde

Tesli odnav unda davnamoT, raTa wamali kar-

gad miekras da 5-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi vanjR-

rioT. Tesli unda Seiwamlos TiToeul kilo-

gramze 4-6 gr. wamlis SereviT. es procedura

CavataroT Tavdaxurul qilaSi an polieTile-

nis Tavmokrul parkSi. amis Semdeg Tesli mzadaa

dasaTesad.

kitris Tesva umjobesia mwkrivebad. grZel-

bardiani jiSebi iTeseba 110-120 sm mwkrivTa-

SorisebiT, moklebardianebi ki - 80-90 sm. mwkri-

vebSi grZelbardiani jiSebi sabolood 22-25 sm-

ze unda davtovoT, xolo moklebardianebi - 18-

20 sm-ze. Teslis Tesvis siRrme damokidebulia

niadagze da mis tenianobaze. msubuq niadagebSi

Tesls vTesavT 4-5 sm siRrmeze, mZime niadagebSi

ki - 2-3 sm-ze. Tesvis norma mwkrivad Tesvisas

4-5 kg/h-ia. Tesvis Semdgom unda gaiWras sarw-

yavi kvlebi, xolo, Tu gvalvis gamo aRmonaceni

droze ver miviReT, saWiroa maSinve morwyva.

naTesis movla

Tu naTesi moviReT meCxeri, is maSinve unda

gamoiTesos winaswar dambali, imave jiSis da

partiis TesliT. masobrivi aRmocenebis Semdeg,

mwkrivebsa da budnebs Soris niadagi xeliT an

kultivatoriT unda gavafxvieroT, xolo mce-

nareebs Soris manZili xeliT ganvsazRvroT.

kitri aRmocenebidan datotvis Semdeg Sedar-

ebiT sustad izrdeba, xolo datotvis dawyebis

Semdeg - swrafad. amitom, pirvel fazaSi Catare-

bulma samuSaoebma unda uzrunvelyon mcenareTa

swrafi ganviTarebisaTvis niadagSi saWiro tenisa

25

da sakvebis raodenoba. amisaTvis aucilebelia -

mwkrivebze miwis Semoyra da 2-3-jer kultivacia-

gafxviereba, vidre bardi ar Caiketeba.

naTesebis gamoxSirva unda Catardes orjer:

pirveli leban-foTlebis fazaSi an pirveli

namdvili foTlis ganviTarebisas. am procesis

dros mcenareebs vtovebT 6-8 sm-is daSorebiT,

budnebSi ki vacliT sust da ganuviTarebel

naTesebs. meore gamoxSirva tardeba 2-3-jer,

namdvili foTlis fazaSi, zemoaRniSnuli man-

Zilebis daSorebiT.

mosavlianobis gazrdis mizniT, saWiroa, veg-

etaciis periodSi Catardes mineraluri sasuqe-

biT gamokveba (masobrivi yvavilobis fazaSi)

- heqtarze 70-80 sulfatamoniumi an 35-40 kg

amoniumis gvarjila. naTesi maSinve ToxiT unda

CakeTdes da moirwyas.

gamosakvebad, aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

saqonlis JiJa, ise, rogorc aRniSnulia pomid-

vris SemTxvevaSi.

morwyva da jiSobrivi wmenda

kitri tenis moyvaruli kulturaa. igi

moiTxovs, rogorc niadagis, aseve Sefardebi-

Ti tenis did raodenobas. kitri kvlebSi unda

moirwyas 6-8-jer. pirveli morwyva saWiroa Tes-

vamde, an Tesvis Semdeg Catardes. meore - maso-

brivad aRmocenebis Semdeg, mesame - yvavilobis

dawyebamde, Semdegi morwyvebi ki, 8-10 dRis in-

tervaliT, vegetaciis periodis dasrulebamde,

raTa niadagSi teni ar daeces zRvruli tente-

vadobis 70-65%-ze qvemoT.

26

yvavilobisa da gamonaskvis dros saTeslee-

bis wylisadmi moTxovnileba izrdeba, amitom am

fazaSi mcenareebi yvelaze metad unda uzrun-

velvyoT wyliT.

jiSian saTesle nakveTebze, saWiroa, Catardes

mravaljeradi jiSuri wmenda. pirvel gawmendas

vatarebT masobrivi mdedrobiTi yvavilobisa da

gamonaskvis periodSi. vacilebT yvela mankian,

daavadebul, sustad ganviTarebul, yvavilobaSi

gvian Sesul, nakleb-mosavlian (romelsac md-

edrobiTi yvavilebi cota aqvs gamoyvanili) da

ZiriTadi jiSisagan gansxvavebul mcenareebs.

meore jiSuri wmenda tardeba nayofebis maso-

brivi ganviTarebisa da erTeuli saTesleebis

momwifebis dasawyisSi. am dros mTavari yur-

adReba unda mieqces mwvane nayofis formas,

fers, zedapiris Sefervis xarisxs da tips. ji-

Sisgan gansxvavebuli yvela mcenare nayofianad

iTxreba. amgvarad, saTesled rCeba kargad gan-

viTarebuli da tipobrivi formis mwvane nayofi.

danarCen nayofs viyenebT sakvebad.

masobrivi mwvane nayofebis formirebisa da er-

Teuli saTesle nayofebis momwifebis dasawyisSi,

saTesle nakveTze unda Catardes aprobacia.

mesame jiSuri wmenda saWiroebis mixedviT

tardeba.

saTesleebis gamorCeva. krefa da Teslis

damzadeba

kitris TiToeul buCqze saTesleebad var-

CevT tipobrivi formisa da sididis 4-5 nayofs.

saTesle kitri sxvadasxva dros Semodis, amitom

mas ramdenjerme an erTdroulad viRebT.

Tu mokrefili saTesle nayofi kargi Semosu-

lia, mas maSinve vWriT da viRebT Tesls, Tu ara,

vtovebT momwifebamde garkveuli droiT ise,

rom nayofi lpobamde ar mivides.

YTeslis xeliT gamorCevisas nayofs sigrZeze

vWriT, orive naxevridan Tesls kovziT an TiTiT

vacliT da vyriT xis WurWelSi dasaduReblad.

daduRebis mesame dRes Tesls kargad movurevT,

movacilebT Tavze momdgar Tesls, gavrecxavT

27

5-6-jer, gadavwuravT cxrilSi da gadavitanT

saSrob qaRaldze (SeiZleba naWerze, cxavebze,

an faneraze). Tesls vaSrobT CrdilSi an mzeze,

gaSrobisas saWiroa areva, rom Tesli Tanabrad

da droze gaSres. kitris nayofidan Teslis ga-

mosavalia 0,7-1,0%. gaSrobis Semdeg Tesli unda

ganiavdes, gaiwmindos xeliT an petkusiT. gania-

vebuli da daxarisxebuli Tesli unda moTavs-

des tomrebSi saTanado warweriT, sadac iqneba

miTiTebuli jiSuri monacemebi da warmoebis

adgili.

Teslis mosavali damokidebulia jiSze da na-

Tesis movlaze. igi meryeobs 1,5-3,5 centneris

farglebSi. heqtarze Teslis absoluturi wona

16-35 gr-ia.

parkosnebilobio, cercvi, barda

parkosnebs mebostneobaSi sakmaod didi adgi-

li uWiravT. maT parks da mwvane marcvals far-

Tod iyeneben, rogorc sakonservo, ise yovel-

dRiur moxmarebaSi.

mebostneobis Tes-

lbrunvaSi parkosne-

bi meore-mesame wels

ikaveben organuli

sasuqebiT ganoyiere-

bul mindors. maTTvis

kargi winamorbedebia:

kombosto, kitri, po-

midori, Warxali da

kartofili. parkos-

ani mcenareebi Tavis

mindors 4-5 welze

adre ar unda daubrundnen. isini TviTmtveria

mcenareebia, amitom saTesle nakveTebze bardasa

da lobios 2-3 jiSis Tesvisas saizolacio man-

Zilad miCneulia 50m. parkosnebisaTvis saukeTe-

so niadagad miiCneven fxvier, msubuq, Tixnar da

noyier miwas.

niadagis damuSaveba

parkosnebisaTvis niadagis damuSaveba Semod-

gomaze iwyeba, iseve, rogorc saTesle pomi-

dorisa da kitrisTvis. Tumca, am kulturebisgan

gansxvavebiT, parkosani naTesebisaTvis niadagis

28

xvnis win Segvaqvs superfosfati 3-4 c, kaliu-

mis marili 1,5 c. da 0,5 c. sulfat-amoniumi.

gazafxulze mzralze davfarcxoT, Tesvis win

ki CavataroT 12-14 sm siRrmeze kultivacia-da-

farcxva.

Tesva

parkosnebis Tesli kargad

unda gadairCes, Semowmdes aR-

mocenebis unari, Tesvis win

Seiwamlos da damuSavdes.

Tesva SeiZleba Catardes xe-

liT - budobrivad, xolo

mwkrivad - manqanebis sa- Suale-

biT. mwkrivad Tesvis d r o s

bardis mwkrivebs So- ris manZi-

li unda iyos 30-40 sm, lobios

da cercvis - 45-50 sm. mwkrivebSi

mcenareTa Soris manZili, barda-

sa da lobiosaT- vis - 10-12 sm-ia,

cercvisaTvis - 12-15 sm.

Tesvis normis cvalebadoba damokidebulia

Tesvis wesebisa da Teslis simsxoze. bardas

wvrilTeslian jiSebs 1 ha-ze vTesavT 120-500

kg-s. msxvilTeslianebs 175-200 kg-s, lobios 70-

90, xolo cercvis 200-250 kg-s, Tesvis siRrme

3-6 sm.

movla

Tesvis Semdeg niadags SeiZleba dasWirdes

kbilebiani farcxiT zedapiruli gafxviereba.

1-2 Toxna miwis Semoyra, mwkrivebis damuSaveba,

mavnebel-davadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola da

morwyva. arsebobs parkosnebis ori forma

- kuti da mxviara. mxviara formebi (barda, lo-

bio) saWiroeben Wigos, an sxva saxis sayrdenebs.

gvalvis dors, saWiroa, 2-3-jer moirwyas da

Catardes jiSuri wmenda. lobios saTesle far-

Tobebze pirveli wmenda unda Catardes yvavilo-

bisa da parkebis ganviTarebis fazaSi. bardisa

da cerecos naTesebSi ki - yvavilobisas. par-

kosnebis meore wmenda tardeba qveda parkebis

damwifebisas. am dros unda mocildes jiSisa-

gan gansxvavebuli yvaviliani mcenareebi, Rero-

foTliT gansxvavebulebi, daavadebulebi da

sxva.

29

mosavlis aReba

lobios kuti jiSebis mosavals viRebT erT-

droulad, parkebis masobrivi momwifebis fa-

zaSi, xolo mxviera da naxevradmxviera jiSebs

- TandaTanobiT, ramdenjerme. momwifeba iwyeba

qvemodan. xeliT mosavlis aRebisas, Zirebs

vglejT fesvebianad, ramdenime dRiT vfenT

kaloze an brezentze, srul gaxmobamde, Semdeg

ki gamovbegvavT da salew manqanaSi gavatarebT.

gamorCeul marcvlebs gavatarebT saniavebel-

damxarisxebel manqanaSi da SevinaxavT tomrebSi

Sesabamisi iarliyiT.

cerecocereco CvenSi kamis saxeliTaa cnobili. maT

Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba didia. cereco er-

Twliani mcenarea, kama ki - mravalwliani, yin-

vagamZlea. igi iTeseba, rogorc zamTrispirad,

ise adre gazafxulze. misi Tesva ukeTesia za-

mTrispirze, sabostne adgilas. mineraluri sa-

suqebidan viyenebT 1 ha-ze 3-3.5 c sulfatamo-

niums an am dozis naxevar amoniumis gvarjilas.

superfosfati 4.0 c da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0

centneri.

cerecos vTesavT xeliT an manqaniT. mwkrivad,

Tesvis norma - 6-10 kg/ha, Tesvis siRrme 1-1.5 sm.

gamoxSirvis Semdeg mcenareTa Soris vtovebT 10-

15 sm-s. movliTi samuSaoebidan saWiroa niada-

gis 2-3 jer gafxviereba, gansazRvrul manZilze

2-jer gamoxSirva_danormeba. saWiroa, aseve, ji-

Suri wmenda da aprobaciis Catareba.

cereco jvaredinmtveria mcenarea, amitom

misi jiSuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebas, SeiZle-

ba, meTesleobis nakveTze jiSTa Soris bunebri-

vi SejvarebiT mivaRwioT. aucilebelia, SeirCes

saukeTesod datotvili, did-buCqiani da mosav-

liani mcenareebi.

cereco mwife Tesls aRmocenebidan 90-100

dRis Semdeg iZleva. Tesli araTanabrad mwifde-

ba. Tavdapirvelad viRebT momwifebul Zirebs,

Semdeg ki - danarCens. mcenaris gaSrobis Semdeg,

konebad Sekruli saTesleebi unda gamoibegvos.

Teslis gamosavali .ha-ze 2-6 centneria.

30

qinZi

qinZi erTwliani mcenarea. mas iyeneben mwvani-

lad da saneleblad. qinZi yinvagamZlea, mas Se-

modgomazec Tesen. meTesleobisaTvis

qinZi gazafxulze unda

daiTesos. gvalvebis da-

w yebamde mas morwyva ar

sWirdeba.

saTesle qinZi

iTeseba nakeliT

ganoyierebul, fx-

vier, sarevelebisagan

gaTavisuflebul, msubuq

niadagze. niadagis dasaTe-

sad momza- deba xdeba iseve, rogorc sxva

bostneulis SemTxvevaSi.

qinZi iTeseba xeliT an manqaniT, mwkrivad,

25-30 sm daSorebiT. Tesvis norma 5-7 kg/ha-ia,

Tesvis siRrme 1-2 sm.

movla

nakveTis mosavlelad saWiroa mwkrivebis 2-

3-jer gafxviereba, sarevelebis mocileba da

gamoxSirva. saTesle mcenareebi, sabolood,

erTmaneTisgan 10-15 sm-is dacilebiT unda dav-

tovoT.

qinZis Tesli sxvadasxva dros Semodis. mom-

wifebisTanave mcenare unda amoviRoT da brezen-

tze gavSaloT. igi SeiZleba gamoibegvos xeliT,

gailewos kombainiT an salewi manqaniT.mosavlis

aRebisa da gaSrobis Semdeg, igi unda gaiwmindos

xeliT an petkusiT.

31

Tavi III

orwliani bostneulis meTesleobis agro-teqnika

orwlian bostneuls miekuTvnebian is mcenaree-

bi, romlebic aRmocenebidan Teslis momwifebamde

saWiroeben 2 wels. pirvel wels inviTareben sap-

roduqto organoebs (sadede saTesleebi), xolo

meore wels-Tesls. esenia: kombosto, xaxvi, Warxa-

li, stafilo, prasi, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da sxva.

kombosto

kombosto jvaredin-

mtveria mcenarea da

miekuTvneba jvaros-

nebis ojaxs. bunebaSi

mravalnairi kombosto

arsebobs. Cven Sevexe-

biT TeTrTavian komb-

ostos, romelic sici-

vis amtani da tenis

m o y v a r u

li kulturaa. maRal temperaturaze

ko m bo stos Tavebis daxveva yovndeba,

saTesleebi Znelad inaskveba da Sedegad mi-

iReba wvrili Tesli.

kombosto ganviTarebisaTvis sakveb nivTiere-

bebs ufro meti raodenobiT moiTxovs, vidre

sxva bostneuli, amitom misi meTesleobisaTvis

unda SevarCioT maRalnayofieri, kulturuli

niadagi, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba sar-

wyavi wyliT. kombostosTvis kargi winamorbe-

debia - kartofili, pomidori, mravalwliani

balaxebi, kitri da sxva. kombosto sakuTar min-

dors unda daubrundes 2-3 wlis Semdeg.

kombostosTvis niadagi pomidvris msgavsad

mzaddeba. sarevelebis sawinaaRmdegod niadagSi

unda SevitanoT mTliani-totaluri moqmedebis

herbicidi (raundapi, nitrosorgi, klini, nok-

dauni 2-3 l/ha-ze an sxva), Semdeg CavataroT

kultivacia TaTebiani kultivatoriT 12-14 sm

siRrmeze, davfarcxoT, mofantviT SevitanoT

azotiani sasuqi da davWraT bazo kvlebi CiTi-

32

lis dasargavad. mineraluri sasuqebidan kom-

bosto saWiroebs 2-3 c/ha amoniumis gvarjilas,

2-3 centner superfosfats da 1.5-2.0 centner

kaliumis marils. azotiani sasuqi umjobesia

gadargvamde 3/4 wili, xolo 1/4 me-2 an mesame

Toxnis dros gamoviyenoT.

Tesva da movliTi samuSaoebi

CiTilebis gamosayvanad, Tesls, umTavresad

Ria saCiTile kvlebSi vTesavT. Tesvis dawyebamde

Tesli unda Seiwamlos. Tesva unda Catardes

gadargvamde 40-50 dRiT adre, specialurad

gamzadebul, organuli sasuqebiT ganoyierebul

saCiTile kvlebze. mavneblebis sawinaaRmdegod,

Tesvis win SeaqvT misatyuebeli masala. igi unda

CaiToxnos, damarkirdes da Semdeg moxdes 8-10

sm-ze mwkrivebSi Tesva. Tesvis Semdeg niadagi

unda miitkepnos da maSinve moirwyas.

movliTi samuSaoebia: mwkrivebis gafxviereba-

gamargvla (2-3 jer), wamlobebi mavneblebis wi-

naaRmdeg (1-2 jer), rwyvebi regularulad, ise,

rom niadagi ar gaSres. gamokveba ,,sarwyavis’’

meSveobiT 2-3 foTlis fazaSi. CiTili gadasar-

gavad mzadaa maSin, roca mas 5-6 foToli aqvs

ganviTarebuli. misi dargva iwyeba 20-25 maisi-

dan da grZeldeba ori kvira. adgilobrivi jiSe-

bi - `borjomis ideali”, ,,likani” da `goruli

braunSligi” irgveba 50-60 sm. kvebis ariT.

gadargva

gacdenili adgilebis remonti xdeba is-

eve, rogorc pomidvris SemTxvevaSi. vegetaci-

is periodSi niadagis damuSaveba 3-4 jer aris

saWiro. pirveli gaToxvna an kultivacia tar-

deba gadargvidan 10-12 dRis Semdeg, danarCeni

ki - saWiroebis mixedviT.

vegetaciis periodSi kombostos mxolod 10-

jer rwyaven. xSiri morwyva saWiroa Tavebis dax-

vevis dasawyisi periodidan. rogorc ki mcenare

daamTavrebs Tavebis daxvevas, morwyva unda

SevwyvitoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tavebi dai-

wyebs daxeTqvas. morwyva rekomendirebulia kv-

lebSi miSvebiT.

rwyilebis, TeTrulebis da sxva saxis mavne-

blebis sawinaaRmdegod aucilebelia 2-3 jer

33

wamlobebi danarTSi mocemuli Sesabamisi inse-

qticidiT.

saTesleebis SerCeva da amoReba

saTesle kombostoebi unda aviRoT yinvis

dawyebamde, daaxlobiT- oqtomberSi. Tu yinva

adrianadaa mosalodneli, kombostos aReba Ses-

aZlebelia adre daviwyoT. saTesled SeirCeva

jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipobrivi formis

msxvili, mkvrivi, dauxeTqavi Tavebis mqone saRi

mcenareebi. saTesle mcenareebs murkebze ko-

Jrebi ar unda hqondes, radgan aq sxedan malul

xorTumas matlebi, romlebic Senaxvisas gareT

gamodian, ris Sedegadac, iwyeba murkis lpoba.

saTesleebi unda amoviRoT fesvebianad, bariT

an bostnis fiwliT da SevinaxoT sanaxebSi. maTi

Senaxva aseve SeiZleba Stabelad, SuaSi lamis

SevsebiT (fesvebze dayriT) an lartyebze, di-

reebSi fesvebis CakidebiT.

kombostos saTesleebis amoRebamde vatarebT

aprobacias. aseve adgenen saTesleebis gadar-

Cevis aqts calobis aRniSvniT. Senaxvis win

saTesleebis Tavze vtovebT mxolod gare 3-

4 mwvane foTols danarCens ki movacilebT da

saqonlis sakvebad gamoviyenebT.

erTi heqtari kombostos

nargavidan mzaddeba 1/3 an

1/2 heqtarisaTvis sakmarisi

sargavi masala. saTesleebi

metobiT unda SevinaxoT,

radgan gamozamTrebisas

Tavebis nawili fuWdeba. 1

ha-ze saTesleebis dasargavad

saWiroa 23-25 aTasi mcenare.

meore wlis agroteqnika

saTesle mcenareebi unda davrgoT rac

SeiZleba adre gazafxulze. misTvis kargi win-

amorbedebia - parkosnebi, pomidori, gogrovne-

bi da sxva. nakveTi unda iyos mzralad moxnuli,

Setanili unda iqnas 40-60 t organuli sasuqi

an 5-6 centneri superfosfati, 1.5-2.0 centneri

kaliumis marili da 3-4 centneri sulfatamo-

niumi an misi 1/2 amoniumis gvarjila.

34

mzralis saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg, komb-

ostos vrgavT mwkrivebSi 70-80 sm daSorebiT,

mcenareebs Soris 60-65 sm dacilebiT.

saTesleebis momzadeba dasargavad

kombostos dargva xdeba amindis Sesabamisad

martSi an aprilSi. dasargavad aucilebelia

saukeTeso saTesleebi. saTesleebs Tavze fo-

Tlebis waWriT ukeTdebaT konusi. dargvamde,

saTesleebis murkebi unda amovavloT axali na-

kelis wyalxsnarSi da SevafrqvivoT `tmtd” an

sxva preparati.

saTesle kombosto unda dairgas winaswar

amoTxril ormoebSi miwis mitkepniT. mas Tox-

iT unda Semoeyaros miwa da gaukeTdes kokola,

raTa miwis zemoT darCenili kombostos Tavi

mzem ar daazianos. nargavis morwyva aucilebe-

lia dargvisTanave. wyali xels uwyobs mis gax-

arebas.

movliTi samuSaoebi

kombostos nargavisaTvis saWiroa 2-3-jer

niadagis gafxviereba, mavneblebisa da daavade-

bebis winaaRmdeg brZola (sxvadasxva fungi-

cidebisa da ineqticidebis saSualebiT), 2-3

jer morwyva, 1-2 jer Reros akvra da sxva.

kombostos Tesli sxvadasxva dros mwifdeba,

Sesabamisad, misi aReba aucilebelia ramden-

jerme, momwifebisTanave. winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi, Tesli Caibneva da daikargeba. Teslis

aReba unda daviwyoT maSin, roca sayvavile Re-

roze Wotebi (parkebi) masobrivad dayvavildeba.

Tavdapirvelad vWriT Semosul Reroebs da ase

TandaTanobiT danarCens. moWrili Reroebi

unda kargad SevkraT da fardulSi CamovkidoT

an gavSaloT gasaSrobad kaloze.

kombostos Tesls vi-

RebT maSin, roca maso-

brivad daiwyeba totebis

Semosvla. igi unda ga-

vaSroT, gamovbegvoT,

davaxarisxoT da saerTo

wesiT SevinaxoT. Tes-

lis mosavali heqtarze

2.5-6.0 centneria.

35

ZirxvenebiZirxvenebi xvadasxva ojaxis mcenareebia, Tum-

ca maT meTesleobis saerTo agroteqnikuri wesi

aqvT da SegviZlia erTad ganvixiloT. esenia:

Warxali, stafilo, oxraxuSi, boloki. aseve,

foTlovnebi- niaxuri da Talgami (yunwian-foT-

lovani).

Zirxvena mcenareebisaTvis aucilebelia nayo-

fieri da fxvieri niadagi. maTTvis kargi win-

amorbedia kitri, pomidori, kartofili, xax-

vi, niori da kombosto. Zirxvenebi saWiroeben

niadagis Rrmad damuSavebas. Zirxvena mcenaree-

bis naTesebSi unda SevitanoT 40-50 t/ha. gad-

amwvari nakeli. Tu nakveTi, gasul wells, or-

ganuli sasuqiT iyo ganoyierebuli, amjerad mas

davumatebT mineralur sasuqebs Semdegi Semad-

genlobiT: 4-5 centneri superfosfati, 1.5-2.0

centneri kaliumis marili da 1.5-2.0 centneri

amoniumis gvarjila.

ZirxvenebisTvis niadagi mzaddeba Semod-

gomaze da gazafxulze iseve, rogorc pomid-

vris SemTxvevaSi. Zirxvenebi kargad viTardeba

neitralur an naklebad mJave reaqciis mqone

niadagSi. mJave da tute niadagze Zirxvenebis

mosavali dabalia.

maRlxarisxovani saTesle masalis misaRebad

mkacrad unda davicvaT Tesvis vadebi. zogier-

Ti Zirxvenas Tesva SesaZlebelia sanawveralo

kulturebis aRebis Semdegac. am periodSi mi-

Rebuli saTesleebi kargi Senaxvis unarianobiT

gamoirCevian. niadagi unda movrwyaT Tesvamde

5-7 dRiT adre. rogorc ki morwyul niadags ze-

dapiri SeuSreba, unda davfarcxoT da vTesoT

dambali an sxva xerxebiT damuSavebuli Tesli.

iq, sadac zafxulSi gvalvebi icis, gazafxuli

da zafxulis naxevari ki Warbi naleqebiT xasiaT-

deba, saTesle stafilo da Warxali unda vTesoT

Teberval-martSi. mTian adgilebSi ki Warxali,

stafilo, Talgami, boloki, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da

sxva Zirxvenebi unda daiTesos maisSi.

Zirxvenebis Tesli, aRmocenebis mixedviT,

sxvadasxvanairia: daTesvidan yvelaze male amo-

dis boloki, Tavis boloki, Talgami (3-7 dRe).

36

Warxali aRmocenebis mixedviT saSualo ad-

gils ikavebs (5-12 dRe), SedarebiT gvian aR-

mocendebian: stafilo, niaxuri da oxraxu-

Si (15-25 dRe). xSir SemTxvevaSi aRmocenebis

procesze uaryofiTad moqmedebs garemo pi-

robebis aramdgradi mdgomareobac. did far-

Tobze Zirxvenebs mwkrivad, manqanebiT Tesen,

xolo mokle konturian sakarmidamo nakveTe-

bze - xeliT. mSral niadagSi Tesvisas, naTesi

rom male aRmocendes, igi sagoravebiT unda

moitkepnos.

Tesvas sxvadasxva siRrmeze vaxdenT. magali-

Tad: stafilo, oxraxuSi, boloki - iTeseba 2-3

sm siRrmeze, Warxali - 4-5 sm-ze. Tesvis norma

ixileT pirvel TavSi.

Zirxvenebis aRmonaceni Tavidan Zalian nela

izrdeba, amitom mosalodnelia sarevelebis wa-

moswreba. maT winaaRmdeg brZolas gansakuTre-

buli yuradReba unda daeTmos.

yinvebis mimarT SedarebiT gamZleobiT ga-

moirCevian: stafilo, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da Zir-

TeTra. rac Seexeba Warxals, misi aRmonaceni -2

-30 C yinvisas SeiZleba daiRupos.

pirvel wels, saTesle ZirxvenebisTvis

saWiroa 3-4 jer niadagis gafxviereba, gamox-

Sirva, gamokveba, morwyva, mavneblebisa da daa-

vadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola da jiSuri wmenda.

Zirxvenebis saTesleebidan pirvelad viRebT

im kulturebs, romlebsac yinvebis mimarT nak-

lebi gamZleoba aqvT. aseTebia Warxali da sta-

filo. aucilebelia saTesle Zirxvenebis dacva

yinvebisagan. Senaxvis dros Zirxvenebi unda amo-

viRoT da frTxilad gadavitanoT, rom ar daibe-

Jos. amoRebuli Zirxvenebi zedmeti miwisagan unda

gaiwmindos xeliT an danis yuiT, Tu miwa bevri ar

mosdevs, gawmenda aucilebeli ar aris.

saTesleebad varCevT jiSisaTvis damaxasi-

aTebel, tipobrivi formis, ferisa da sididis

mqone Zirxvenebs. aratipobrivi, gaxeTqili da

daavadebuli Zirxvenebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT

sakvebad. SerCeul Zirxvenebs foTlebi ise unda

wavaWraT, rom TavzeviT darCes 1-2 sm sigrZis yun-

37

wi. saTesled unda SeirCes zomiT saSualo da sa-

Sualoze didi Zirxvenebi. saTesleebis zoma unda

SevarCioT bostneulis saxeobis mixedviT: sta-

filo - 2.5-3.0 sm diamtris da 120-130 gr wonis,

Warxali - 6-10 sm, 250-300 gr (bordo) da a.S. msxvi-

li zomis nayofs saTesleebad ar inaxaven. gazafx-

ulze, Zirxvenebis SerCeva-gadarCevas vawarmoebT

ganmeorebiT da vadgenT saTanado aqts.

Cvens pirobebSi, mTian zonebSi, stafilo da

Warxali Semodgomaze unda amoviRoT da gazaf-

xulze davrgaT. Tu Zirxvenebi sveli amodis,

saWiroa Senaxvamde misi ganiaveba da gaSroba.

erTi .heqtari saTesle Warxlis naTess gadarCe-

vis Semdeg SeuZlia sargaviT uzrunvelyos -1.5-

2.0 ha, stafilos - 5.0 ha da a.S.

meore wlis agroteqnika

saTesle Zirxvenebs fesvebi Sors ar gaaqvT,

amitom saTesle niadagis ganoyierebas gansaku-

Trebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. maTTvis kar-

gi winamorbedebia kartofili, nabalaxari. ki-

tri, kombosto da a.S.

saTesle nakveTze sasuqebi Zi-

riTadad SeaqvT Semodgomaze

mzralad xvnis win. gadamwvari

nakeli 50-60 t/ha, misi uqon-

lobisas mizanSewonilia, Se-

vitanoT 2-3 centneri superfosfati

da 0.7-1.0 centneri kaliumis marili.

gazafxulze, saTesleebis gadargva-

mde, kultivaciis win ki SevitanoT

1.5 centneri sulfatamoniumi.

dargvis win saTesle masala kidev erTxel

unda gadairCes da mocildes daavadebuli damW-

knari Zirxvenebi. Tu Zirxvenis yeli odnav mor-

bilebulia da lpobas ganicdis, igi uvargisia.

aseTive stafilos Zirxvena unda gadavWraT

bolodan 1/4 nawilze, Tu mas mcire zomis gul-

gula da jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Seferil-

oba eqneba, davrgavT.

saTesleebis dargva da movla

Zirxvenas saTesleebis dasargavad niadagi

gazafxulze unda momzaddes. dargva umjobe-

sia mwkrivad, raTa SemdgomSi manqana-iaraRebiT

38

(mcire gabaritiani) damuSaveba iyos SesaZle-

beli. stafilo da Warxali unda dairgas 60-70

sm mwkrivebSi. mwkrivSi mcenareTa Soris manZili

- 40-60 sm. Zirxvena budnebSi ise unda davrgoT,

rom misi zeda nawili miwis horizonts gaus-

wordes da miwa mieyaros kokolisebr. saTeslee-

bis did farTobze dargvisas, unda gavakeToT

bazo-kvlebi kultivator miwis SemomyreliT.

kvlebis ZirSi garkveul manZilze CavawyobT

saTesleebs da mivayriT miwas xeliT (ToxiT).

dargvis dros niadagi Zlier itkepneba da

tenis aorTqlebis saukeTeso pirobebi iqmneba.

amitom, saWiroa, dargvis Semdgom niadagis jva-

redinad dafarcxva ise, rom Zirxvenebi ar amoi-

yaros.

movliTi samuaSoebisas niadagis mwkrivebis

2-3 jer unda gafxvierdes kultivatoriT an

xeliT-Toxis meSveobiT. saWiroa saTesleebis

gamokveba JiJiT (zemoT aRwerili sqemiT) an

mineraluri sasuqebiT. imisaTvis, rom miviRoT

xarisxiani Tesli, rwyvebi unda Catardes 3-4

jer. mavnebel-daavadebebis gamoCenisas saWiroa

2-3 wamloba Sesabamisi Sxam-qimikatebiT (ixileT

danarTi 2).

Teslis amoReba

Zirxvena mcenareebis Teslebi xvadasxva dros

mwifdeba. Warxlis Teslis Semosvla iwyeba qveda

Reroebidan da misdevs zemoT, amitom Teslebi

pirvelad qvemoT mwifdeba. imisaTvis, rom Tes-

li ar Caibnes, aReba saWiroa daviwyoT SerCeviT

qvemodan zemoT. pirvelad SevacliT im Reroe-

bs, romlis Tesli ukve gamuqebulia, foToli

ki - gayviTlebuli. moWril saTesle Reroebs

gavSliT saSrobze. gaSrobis Semdeg xdeba Tes-

lis gamocla-gamobegva.

saTesle stafilos qolgebSi Tesli pirvelad

napirebze mwifdeba, Semdeg ki Suagulisaken.

misi calke aReba SeuZlebelia, amitom qolga mi-

aRwevs Tu ara mixakisfers, unda aviRoT. aseve

xdeba niaxuris da oxraxuSis Teslis aReba.

gamocalkavebuli Teslebi unda ganiavdes da

xeliT daxarisxdes. didi raodenobis SemTxveva-

Si, Tesli unda gaiwmindos manqaniT.

39

Teslis saSualo gamosavali Warxlis SemTx-

vevaSi 1 ha-ze 8-10 centners udris, stafilos

da oxraxuSis - 6-8 c; bolokis da Talgamis na-

TesebSi es maCvenebeli 10-12 centneris tolia.

xaxvi xaxvi er-

T l e b n i a n i ,

mravalwliani

mcenarea. kul-

turaSi mas vam-

ravlebT, ro-

gorc orwlians.

igi jva- redinmtveriaa, amitom

misi meTesleo-ba saizolacio manZilis dacviT

unda moxdes. xaxvs umravlesad vamravlebT Tes-

liT. zogan ki - kviWiWebis dargviT. Tesli Sa-

via, samwaxnagovani, danaoWebuli da magarkani-

ani, amitom igi gvian Rivdeba. xaxvis Tesli karg

pirobebSi 14-16 dReSi amodis. xaxvi sicivis

amtani mcenarea da kargad itans -8-100 C yin-

vas. aRmonaceni pirvelad nela izrdeba, Semdeg

zrda swrafad midis, foCebis zrda Cerdeba da

iwyeba bolqvebis damsxvileba.

xaxvs uyvars msubuqi, noyieri, sarwyavi niad-

agebi, amitom, is unda davTesoT wina wels, kar-

gad gapativebul niadagze an Semodgomaze mz-

ralad xvnis win. niadagSi unda SevitanoT 50-

60t saqonlis gadamwvari nakeli. mineraluri

sasuqebidan ki - amoniumis gvarjila heqtarze

2-2.5 centneri, superfosfati 3-4 c da kali-

umis marili 1.5-2.0 c. azotiani sasuqebis 3/4

unda SevitanoT Tesvis win, xolo 1/4 - me-2 me-3

Toxna-gafxvierebisas.

adre gazafxulze, mzralze, agroteqnikiT

gaTvaliswinebuli sasuqebis SetanisTanave,

unda CavataroT 12-14 sm siRrmeze kultivacia-

dafarcxva. Cvens pirobebSi, xaxvi unda daiTe-

sos amindis Sesabamisad, martis meore-mesame

an aprilis pirvel-meore dekadaSi. xaxvs, um-

Tavresad, vTesavT mwkrivad, xeliT an manqaniT.

xeliT Tesvisas, gavakeToT kawrebi markeris

saSualebiT, CavTesavT xaxvis Tesls da focxis

yuiT miwas mivatkepniT.

xaxvis Tesli daTesvamde unda damuSavdes

kitris Teslis msgavsad. CaTesvis siRrme unda

40

iyos 1.5-2.0 sm. Tesvis norma punqturulad Tes-

visas - 4-6 kg mwkrivSi, meqanikuri da xeliT

Tesvisas - 3-4 kg/ha-ze.

sarevelebis winaaRmdeg unda gamoviyenoT Ses-

abamisi herbicidebi, danarTis mixedviT, or vada-

Si. erTi unda SevitanoT Tesvis Semdgom, xolo

meore - aRmocenebidan 2-4 foTlis fazaSi.

Tu xaxvis Tesvisas niadagi gamomSralia, is Tes-

vis Semdgom aucileblad unda moirwyas, swrafi

da Tanabari aRmonacenis miRebis mizniT. xaxvis

aRmonaceni gansakuTrebul movlas moiTxovs,

niadagis xSiri gafxvierebiT da sarevelebis mo-

cilebiT. aRmonacenis gamoxSirva-danormebaSi

es RonisZiebebi 2-3-jer unda ganmeordes. mor-

wyva unda Catardes saWiroebis mixedviT 4-6-jer,

xolo mavnebel-daavadebebis sawinaaRmdegod unda

Sesxurdes Sesabamisi qimikatebi (2-3-jer) danarT-

Si mocemuli sixSiris mixedviT.

xaxvis mosavlianobis gasaumjobeseblad

aucilebelia vegetaciis periodSi gamokve-

bebis Catareba. pirveli gamokveba unda Cava-

taroT saqonlis nakelis JiJiT (1 wili JiJa 6-

8 vedro wyalSi gazavebuli) ise, rogorc sxva

kulturebis SemTxvevaSi _ 5-6 foTlis fazaSi,

xolo meore _ mineraluri sasuqebiT. amisaT-

vis 1 ha-ze Segvaqvs 0,4-0,5 centneri amoniumis

gvarjila da 0,3-0,4 centneri kaliumis marili.

xaxvi bevr wyals moiTxovs bolqvebis Casaxvis

dawyebidan momwifebamde, amitom am fazaSi igi

regularulad unda movrwyaT imisaTvis, rom

maRalxarisxovani momwifebuli saTesle masala

miviRoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xaxvi Sesanaxad

uvargisi iqneba. mosavlis aRebamde erTi TviT

adre morwyva unda SevaCeroT.

mosavlis aReba

xaxvis mosavlis aRebas viwyebT aprobaciis

Catarebis Semdgom, maSin, rodesac cru Rero

mTlianad gawvrildeba da foCebianad gaxmeba,

xolo bolqvebi miiReben jiSisaTvis damaxasi-

aTebel fers. es daaxloebiT agvistoSi xdeba

(SeiZleba seqtemberSic). xaxvis mosavals viRebT

xeliT. Txlad gafenil xaxvs 2-3 saaTiT vtovebT

gasaSrobad, Semdeg bolqvebs vasufTavebT mi-

41

wisa da zedmeti mfaravi qerqlebisagan, vaWriT

fesvebs da foCebs. foCi unda wavaWraT bolqvis

yelidan 3-4 sm zemoT, fesvebi ki Ziridan 0,5-

1,0 sm dacilebiT. saTesled varCevT tipobrivi

formisa da feris msxvil bolqvebs da vSliT

sxvenze an fardulebSi gasaSrobad damatebiTi

droiT. gamoSrobis Semdeg vinaxavT sawyobSi sa-

Tanado wesebis dacviT.

meore wlis agroteqnika

xaxvis saTesleebis dasargavad unda Se-

varCioT qarebisagan kargad daculi, noyieri,

fxvieri, wyliT uzrunvelyofili niadagi.

niadagis momzadeba iwyeba Semodgomaze da

grZeldeba mis dargvamde, zemoaRwerili sqe-

mebis mixedviT. dargvis win unda Catardes

10-12 sm siRrmeze mzralis kultivacia. xax-

vis saTesleebis dasargavad, gamwevi ZaliT

an mini traqtoriT unda gavakeToT 10-12 sm

siRrmis bazo-kvlebi.

dargvis win, kidev erTxel, unda gada-

varCioT dampali da sxva mxriv uvargisi

bolqvebi, romlebsac saTesled ar gamoviy-

enebT. am dros gansakuTrebiT saSiSia bolq-

vis yelis sidampliT daavadebuli mcenare.

Tu erTbudiani jiSuri Tvisebebis mqone

xaxvi Segvxvdeba 2-3 budian saTesleebSi, is

aucileblad unda movaciloT da gamoviy-

enoT sakvebad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi jiSi

Tavis saxes dakargavs.

xaxvis bolqvebi yinvebis didi amtania, amitom,

dargva rac SeiZleba adre unda daviwyoT, raTa

gvalvebis dawyebamde xaxvis swraf ganviTare-

bas mivaRwioT. xaxvi unda davrgoT mwkrivad (60

X 20 sm) an budnebSi (60 X 60 sm) 2-4 bolqvis

erTmaneTisagan 10-10 sm dacilebiT. 1 ha-ze ir-

gveba 120-150 aTasi bolqvi. xaxvi irgveba xeliT

an manqaniT. bazo-kvlebSi an budnebSi Cargul

bolqvebs zemodan 5-6 sm simaRleze vayriT mi-

was.

vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi xaxvis saTesleebs

2-3-jer Rrmad Toxnian an utareben kultiva-

cias. amisaTvis saWiroa, 1-2-jer miwis Semoyra

da gamokveba, zemoT motanili sqemebis mixed-

viT. mavnebel-daavadebebis, gansakuTrebiT

42

Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZola; daaxloebiT 4-6-

jer morwyva amindis Sesabamisad. yvavilobis

da Teslis formirebis fazaSi aucilebelia

xaxvis saTesleebis rwyva. pirveli gamokveba

unda Catardes foCebis masobrivi amosvlisas.

meore - pirveli gamokvebidan 20-25 dRis Sem-

deg, zemoT mocemuli sqemis mixedviT.

xaxvis saTesle Reroebi advilad imtvreva,

miT ufro qarian adgilebSi, rac xels uSlis

Teslis momwifebas. amitom sasurvelia saTes na-

kveTad qarisgan daculi adgili SevarCioT.

xaxvi erTdroulad ar yvavis, amitom Tesli

sxvadasxva dros mwifdeba. Teslis momwifeba

ivlisis mesame dekadidan iwyeba da grZelde-

ba agvistos pirvel dekadamde. xaxvis Tesli

rom ar Caibnes, misi aReba SerCeviT unda da-

viwyoT. pirvelad unda aviRoT gayviTlebuli

Reros da gamskdari kolofis mqone Teslebi

(Teslebi unda iyos Savi Seferilobis). Semdeg

ki momwifebis mixedviT yvela Tesls erTia-

nad aviRebT. saTesle kolofs vWriT daniT an

vglejT xeliT, vyriT tomrebSi an vedroebSi,

gadagvaqvs saSrobebSi, vfenT 15-20 sm sisqe-

ze da vaSrobT TiTqmis yoveldRiuri areviT.

kargad gamoSrobisa da gaxmobis Semdeg, saTes-

le kolofebi unda gamoibegvos, ganiavdes da

gairecxos wyalSi CaZirviT 5-6-jer. wylis ze-

moT amotivtivebuli amSeuli da kiliani Tes-

li unda moixados da gadaiyaros. wyali kar-

gad gadaiwuros, Tesli ki Txlad moTavsdes

tiloze an cxrilze, ramdenime saaTiT mzeze

gasaSrobad.

xaxvis Teslis saSualo gamosavalia 3,5-4,0

centneri heqtarze. kargi mo-

vlis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia 3-5

kg bolqvidan miviRoT 1 kg

Tesli.

nioriniors, umTavres-

ad, vegetatiuri

nawilebiT (kbile-

biT) vamravlebT. igi

erTwliani mcenarea.

gamoiCeva yinvebis kar-

43

gi gamZleobiT. sargavi masalis misaRebad mas,

umetesad, Semodgomaze vrgavT, Tumca SeiZle-

ba adre gazafxulzec dairgas, gansakuTrebiT

mTian zonaSi. Semodgomaze nargavi ufro xarisx-

iani da uxvmosavliania, amitomac fermerebi am

sezons aniWeben upiratesobas aniWeben upirate-

sobas.

niors rgaven nakeliT kargad ganoyier-

bul niadagebze. nakelis uqonlobisas sani-

vre farTobSi SeaqvT 1,5 centneri amoniumis

gvarjila, 1-1,5 centneri kaliumis marili

da 2-3 centneri superfosfati. Semodgomaze,

aRniSnuli sasuqebidan Segvaqvs fosfori da

kaliumis mTliani doza, xolo azotis 50%.

gazafxulze, pirveli Toxnis win ki - azotis

darCenili 50%.

Semodgomaze, niori yinvebis dawyebamde

unda davrgaT, raTa moaswros 1-2

foCis ganviTareba. Tu nivris darg-

va Semodgomaze ver moeswro, is

SeiZleba davrgoT adreul gazaf-

xulze, mindvrad muSaobis SesaZle-

blobisTanave _ araugvianes martisa, raTa mo-

savlis maqsimumi raodenobis aReba SevZloT.

saqarTvelos pirobebSi, Semodgomaze darguli

niori gvalvebis dawyebamde aswrebs bolqvebis

dasrulebas.

dasargavad, umTavresad, viyenebT msxvilsa

da saRi bolqvebis gareTa kbilebs. ar gamoiy-

eneba Zirakdazianebuli, daavadeb-

uli da Siga kbilebi e.w. anagu-

li. vrgavT mwkrivad, mwkrivTa-

Soris 40-50 sm-s manZilze,

xolo mwkrivSi mcenareTa

Soris 6-8 sm-is manZilze.

rgvis norma kbilebis simsxos

mixedviT meryobs 1000-dan

2200 kg-mde. Sewamvlis Sem-

deg unda dairgos 4-5 sm siR-

rmeze da ToxiT mieyaros miwa.

adre gazafxulze, nivris naTesis

mosavlelad saWiroa xaxvis buzebis wi-

naaRmdeg Sesabamisi qimikatebiT 2-3-jer

brZola,. amasTan, saWiroa niadagis gafxviereba

44

da sarevelebis winaaRmdeg meqanikuri saSuale-

bebiT brZola (2-3-jer). naTess SeiZleba das-

Wirdes aseve 1-2-jer morwyva.

niori Semodis ivnis-ivlisSi. viRebT xeliT,

mSral amindSi. aRebas viwyebT maSin, roca fo-

Tlebi Sexmeba da Serbilebuli, cru Rero

niadagisken daixreba. amoRebul niors vaSrobT

adgilze, Txel fenad gaSlils. Semdeg vaWriT

bolqvis yelidan Reros 3-4 sm-ze da vinaxavT

gaSlils damatebiT gasaSrobad. amoRebuli

niori SeiZleba galebad davwnaT. niori unda

SevinaxoT CardaxSi, xarixebze an sxvenze.

Tu niori Semodgomazea darguli, misi sa-

heqtro mosavalia 10-15 t/ha-ze.Tavi meoTxe

delikatesi bostneuli

salaTebisaqarTveloSi vxvdebiT salaTebis sam

saxesxvaobas:

foTlovani -

savegetacio periodi 30-40 dRe.

Taviani

savegetacio periodi 30-40 dRe

romenis salaTa

savegetacio periodi 75-100 dRe.

1.

2.

3.

45

salaTa sicocxlis pirvelsave wels iviTarebs

sayvavile Reros, romelic zeda nawilSi Zlier

itoteba da yvavilobs. misi foTlebi SeferviT

yviTeli an moyviTalo mwvanea. Tesli brtyelia.

misgan awarmoeben mdogvsac, romelic farTod

gamoiyeneba kulinariaSi.

foTlovan salaTas miekuTvneba jiSebi,

romlebsac axasiaTebT mTliani an gankveTi

li foTlebi. isini Sekrebilia rozetSi da

arasodes ixveven Tavs. aris foTlebxuWuWa

formebic.

Taviani salaTa moicavs jiSebs, romelTa

foTlebic rozetSi xistad wamoweulia da

formiT uku kvercxiseburi, ovaluri, mom-

rgvalo an Tirkmliseburia. saerTod, sala-

Ta momrgvalo tipis Tavs ikeTebs, romelic

misi jiSuri Taviseburebidan gamomdinare

faSari an mkvrivia.

salaTi romeni didi zomis, vertikalur

rozetad gawyobil foTlebs iviTarebs.

calkeuli foTlebi wagrZelebuli da uxe-

1.

2.

3.

Sia, rozetis centrSi warmoiqmneba didi,

ovaluri formis faSari Tavi.

salaTis agroteqnika

salaTisTvis niadagis damuSavebis teqnika

danarCeni bostneuli kulturebis msgavsia. mas

umetesad martis bolos an aprilis dasawyis-

Si Tesen, ganmeorebiT ki - zafxulSi. salaTi

SeiZleba pirdapir daiTesos Ria gruntSi an

dairgas CiTiliT. igi iTeseba saTesi manqanebiT,

mwkrivulad da zolebrivad, mwkrivTa Soris 35

sm-s daSorebiT. aseve, sam zolad an ormwkriv-

ian zolebad 20-50 sm-is DdaSorebiT. Taviani

jiSebis kvebis are SedarebiT didia da izrdeba

10 sm-iT. CaTesvis siRrme 1,5 sm-ia Tesvis norma

foTlovani jiSebisaTvis 4-5 kg/ha, xolo Ta-

viani jiSebisaTvis 2-3 kg/ha-ze. daTesvidan

10-15 dRis Semdeg tardeba mwkrivTaSorisebis

pirveli gamoToxna, mwkrivSi mcenareTa pirveli

gamoxSirviTa da zolebs Soris kultivaciiT.

mcenareebs Soris manZili 3-4 sm-ia.

meore gamoxSirva-gafxviereba unda Catardes 25-

30 dRis Semdeg. mcenareTa Soris 8-12 sm-s daSore-

46

biT. Aam periodSi mcenareebs ukve ganviTarebuli

aqvT 4-5 foToli. gamoxSiruli mcenareebi SeiZle-

ba gamoviyenoT sakvebad. morwyvebi tardeba

niadagis tenianobis Sesabamisad.

Tavian salaTas iReben maSin,

roca Tavebi miaRweven jiSis

damaxasiaTebel Sefervas da

konsistencias.

brokoli, anu satacuri-

sebri kombosto

brokoli anu sata-

curisebri kombosto, ivi-

Tarebs Tavs. igi fxvieria da

iSleba calke ylortebad, rac Zlier waagavs

satacuris ylortebs, im gansxvavebiT, rom maTi

boloebi yvavilis msgavsadaa ganviTarebuli.

brokoli cnobilia, rogorc samkurnalo da

profilaqtikuri mcenare. mis SemadgenlobaSi

arsebuli farmacevtulad aqtiuri nivTierebebi

kibos sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiTa da radio pro-

teqtulobiT gamoirCeva. vitaminebis, cilebisa

da sxva sasargeblo nivTierebebis SemcvelobiT

igi uswrebs yvavilovan kombostos.

brokolis produqtiuli organoa Tavi, ro-

melic ZiriTadad sxvadasxva Seferilobis

yvavilebis butonebisa da Reroebisgan Sedgeba.

brokols axasiaTebs grZeli savegetacio peri-

odi. igi ufro yinvagamZlea, vidre yvavilovani

kombosto. misi agroteqnika yvavilovani kombos-

tos agroteqnikis msgavsia. Tu CiTilebs ivnis-

sa da ivlisSi davrgavT, igi zamTris periodSi

Semova, Tbil zonebSi ki - adre gazafxulze.

yvavilovani kombosto

yvavilovani kombosto kvebiTi RirebulebiTa

da biologiurad aqtiuri nivTierebebis Semcve-

lobiT, erT-erTi yvelaze Zvirfasi mcenarea

kombostosnair mcenareebs Soris.

saqarTvelos sawarmoo zonebSi, yvavilovani

kombosto mohyavT, rogorc gazafxul-zafxu-

47

lis, zafxul-Semodgomisa da Semodgoma za-

mTris kultura.

yvavilovani kombostos Tesli TeTrTaviani

kombostos msgavsia. misgan gansxvavdeba imiT,

rom SedarebiT wvrilia. daTesvidan mcenaris

aRmocenebamde 4-6 dRea saWiro. kombostos Ta-

vis intensiuri formirebis dawyebamde ki - 80-90

dRe. Tavis formireba 10-16 dRe grZeldeba, Ta-

vis sruli formirebidan yvavilobamde ki 25-40

dRea saWiro.

yvavilovani kombosto erTwliani kulturaa.

Tavebi drois garkveuli periodis gasvlis Se-

mdeg iyofa-calkevdeba, iviTarebs e.w. ,,stre-

lkebs”, mwvandeba da maTze viTardeba yvavi-

lebi, romlebic dayvavilebis Semdeg Wotakebs

ikeTeben. yvavilovani kombosto sicivis amtani

mcenarea. Rivisa da CiTilis stadiaSi igi gan-

sakuTrebiT yinvagamZlea. misTvis optimaluri

temperaturaa 13+ _70. yinva (-2-30C) uaryofi-

Tad moqmedebs kombostoze misi Tavis formi-

rebisa da zrdis procesSi. igi azianebs mas da

xels uwyobs lpobis procesis ganviTarebas.

ukve mozrdil mcenareebze

yinva uaryofiTad aRar

moqmedebs. kombostos

Tavis ganviTareba, ase-

ve, ferxdeba maRali

temperaturis pirobeb-

Si. Zlieri gvalvis

dros mosavali ar

miiReba. es kul-

tura saWiroebs

xSir da zomier

rwyvas. misi morwyva

sasurvelia niadagis tenis dasvli- sas

zRvruli wyaltevadobis 65-75 %-mde.

yvavilovani kombosto mohyavT CiTilebiT,

romelic mudmiv adgilze dasargavad 30-35 dRe-

Sia mzad. yvavilovani kombosto cudad itans

gadargvas. CiTili unda gadairgas 3-4 foTlis

fazaSi. saadreo mosavlis misaRebad igi unda

gamovzardoT sakveb kuburebSi an qoTnebSi.

gadargvidan 8-10 dReSi unda Catardes gacde-

nili adgilebis gamorgva, amisaTvis winaswar

gamozrdili unda gvqondes saerTo mcenareTa

48

raodenobis 10 %. CiTili nakveTSi dargvisTa-

nave unda moirwyas.

kombostos jiSisa da dargvis wesis Sesabamisad,

erT heqtarze unda dairgas 40-60 aTasi Ziri CiT-

ili, kvebis ariT 70*30 sm, 60*30 sm-ze. mizanSewo-

nilia zolebrivi dargvac (50 X 50 X 25)+70 sm-ze.

dargvis Semdeg aucilebeli RonisZiebebia:

sarevelebis winaaRmdeg brZola, niadagis gafx-

viereba, miwis Semoyra, rwyva, brZola mavne-

bel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg da mzisagan dac-

va-daCrdilva. am process Tavebis gaTeTreba-

sac uwodeben da mas ufro xarisxiani, bazarze

konkurentunariani broduqtis misaRebad mimar-

Taven. amisaTvis, kombostos Tavis intensiuri

zrdis periodSi, xdeba mis garSemo mdebare 2-

3 SigniTa msxvili foTlis Cazneqva-Catexva da

mTliani Tavis moCrdilva. srulyofili mo-

savali Tesvidan 85-130 dRis periodSi miiReba.

kombostos Tavebi erTdroulad ar mwifdeba,

Sesabamisad nakveTi yovel 3 dReSi erTxel unda

davaTvalieroT, Semosuli Tavebi movkrifoT da

gavukeToT realizacia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

mosalodnelia Tavebis gadazrda.

49

danarTi 1

bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvisa da mosavlis aRebis vadebi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mebostneobis zonaSi. 1000-2200 metri zRvis donidan

# kultura

I qvezona _ samcxe-javaxeTi, samxreT kavkasioni,

Crd. saqarTvelo da mTis kalTebi 1000-1500 m.z.d.

II qvezona - 1500-2000 metrze zRvis donidan

Tesva rgvamosavlis

aRebaTesva rgva

mosavlis

aReba

1. saadreo kombosto 1/III_10/III 1/V_25/V30/VII_25/

VIII25/III_10/IV 15/V_1/VI 15/VIII_1/IX

2.saSualo da gviani

kombosto10/IV_5/V 1/VI_10/VI 1/IX_1/XI 10/V_20/V 15/VI_25/VI 15/IX_25/IX

3.

kalnabi _ saadreo

kvalsaTburSi saCi-

Tiled (yvavilovani

kombosto)

_ _ _ 25/IV_5/V 1/VI_15/VI 1/X_10/XI

4.pomidori saCiTi-

led kvalsaTburSi1/IV_20/IV 25/V_1/VI 1/VIII_15/IX _ _ _

5. lobio 1/V_20/V _ 1/VIII_20/IX 20/V_10/VI _ 10/VIII_20/IX

50

# kultura

I qvezona _ samcxe-javaxeTi, samxreT kavkasioni,

Crd. saqarTvelo da mTis kalTebi 1000-1500 m.z.d.

II qvezona - 1500-2000 metrze zRvis donidan

Tesva rgvamosavlis

aRebaTesva rgva

mosavlis

aReba

6. kitri 10/V_10/VI _ 15/VIII_1/IX _ _ _

7. xaxvi 1/IV_30/IV _ 15/VIII_20/IX 10/V_20/V _ 1/VIII_10/IX

8. prasi 15/IV_10/V _ 10/VI_25/IX 10/V_20/V _ 1/VIII_20/IX

9. sufris Warxali 15/IV_10/V _ 15/IX_1/X 20/IV_10/V _ 1/X_20/X

10 stafilo 10/IV_10/V _ 15/IX_1/X 20/IV_10/V _ 1/X_20/X

11 oxraxuSi, niaxuri 20/IV_10/V _ 15/VIII_15/IX 1/V_20/V _ 20/VIII_20/IX

12 barda da cercvi 20/IV_10/V _ 1/VIII_1/IX 1/V_20/V _ 10/VIII_1/IX

13 niori 1/IX_1/X _ 10/VIII_20/IX 1/V_10/V _ 1/VIII_15/VIII

14ispanaxi, salaTa,

qinZi, wiwmati10/IV_15/V _ 15/V_10/VI 1/V_15/V _ 10/VI_1/VIII

51

danarTi 2

bostneul kulturebSi gamoyenebuli

mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebi

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

1. kitri aqteliki _ 0,3-1,5 kg frTaTeTra, bugrebiveget.pe-

riodSi2

zato-0,14 nacariveget.

periodSi2-3

ridoneti- 2-2.5 kg Wraqi, perenosporozi -”- 2

antrakoli _ 0,8-1,0 kg Wraqi -”- 3

bailetoni _ 0,1-0,12 kg nacari0,01-0,02%

xsnari2

bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg anTraqnozi -”- 3

koloiduri gogirdi _ 2-4 kg nacari, anTraqnozi -”- 4

kuproqsati _ 5,0 kg perenosporozi, Wraqi -”- 2

ridomili _ 2,5 kg Wraqi -”- 3

spilenZis qlorJangi _ 2,4 kgWraqi, anTraqnozi, ba-

qteriozi -”- 3

topazi _ 0,12-0,15 kg nacari0,025%

Sesx.2

52

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

2. pomidori aqteliki _ 0,3-1,5 kg Trifsebi, tkipebiSesx. ve-

get. per.1

decisi _ 0,25-0,4 kg xvatarebi -”- 1

zoloni _ 1,5-2,0 kg bambis xvatari -”- 2

karate _ 0,1 kg kolorados xoWo -”- 2

antrakoli _ 0,8-1,0 kg fitoftorozi -”- 3

bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg Wraqi, fitoftorozi -”- 4

tattu _ 3-3,3 kg -”- -”- 3

kuproqsati _ 5,0 kg

mura kuTxovani laqi-

niza, fitoftorozi,

Wraqi

-”- 2

ridomili _ 2,5 kg -”- -”- 4

fundazoli _ 5-6 kgfuzariozuli

Wknoba

Teslis

wamloba

5-10 lt.

Teslze

1

53

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

3. xaxvi bazudini _ 25 kg xaxvis buziniadagSi

Setana1

antrakoli 1,5-2 kg WraqiSesx.

veg. per.2-3

arceridi _ 2,5-3,3 kg -”- -”- 3

bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg -”- -”- 3

saTesleebi bravo _ 3-3,3 kg -”- -”- 3

-”- dakonili _ 2,0 kg -”- -”- 3

ridomili _ 2,5 kg -”- -”- 3

spil. qlorJangi _2,4 kg -”- -”- 3

tatu _ 2,5-3,0 kg -”- -”- 1-2

4. kombostobazudini _ 10-25 kg

zedapiruli Setana

buzis masobrivi kver-

cxdebisas kom-bostos

buzis sawin.

masobrivi

kvercxde-

bisas

1

konfidor maqsi

0,04-0,05 kg/ha

TeTrulebi, xvatarebi,

CrCili, bugrebi-”- 2

54

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

4. kombosto bazudini _ 10-25 kgzedapiruli Setana

buzis masobrivi kver-

cxdebisas kom-bostos

buzis sawin.

masobrivi

kvercxde-

bisas

1

konfidor maqsi

0,04-0,05 kg/ha

TeTrulebi, xvatarebi,

CrCili, bugrebi-”- 2

decisi _ 0,3 kg -”- -”- 2

-”- _ 0,4-0,5 kg rwyilebi -”- 2

karate _ 0,1 kgxvatarebi, TeTrulebi,

CrCili, rwyilebi-”- 2

Serpa _ 0,16 kg -”- -”- 2

koloiduri gogirdi _ 50 kg Savfexa -”- 1

mikali 3-4 kg/ha Savfexa, nacari -”- 1

5. sufrisWarxali bazudini _ 40-50 kg mRrRnelebi

zedapiru-

li Setana1

55

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

6. stafilo teqto _ 0,05 kg fomozi, TeTri da na-

crisferi sidam-ple,

Savi damploba, fuza-

riozi

saTeslee-

bis Senaxva-

mde sadede

Zirxve-ne-

bis damuS-

aveba 0,5%

xsnariT

1

7. yvela bost-neulis Tes-lis damuS-aveba 4-6 g 1 kg Teslze

konili _ 0.04- g/kg

Teslze tmtd

Teslis obi, asko-

qitozi, fuzariozi,

TeTri da nacris-

feri sidample, baqte-

riozi, anTraqnozi,

fitoftorozi, qeci,

fomozi

SenjRre-

viT minis

qilaSi an

polie-

Tilenis

parkSi Se-

wamvliT

1

8. kvalsaT-burebi, saTburebi, Ria grun-ti, baRebi, sawyobebi, qarsafrebi da sxv.

TuTis fosfidi _ 20%-5%

daRerRili marcvali _

100 kg

mzesumziris zeTi _

4,5-5,0 kg

bazudini 20-25 kg/ha

Tagvebis, memindvrie-

bis, maxrebis, xvata-

rebis sawinaaRmdegod

niadagid mavneblebis

winaaRmdeg

ganaxleba

da meored

Setana 30

dReSi

Tesva-

rgvis Ca-

tarebamde

2

1

56

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

herbicidebi

9. totaluri moqmedebis herbicidebi

gezegardi _ 3-5 kg

klini 2-4 kg l

nokdauni 2-3 l

qinZi, oxraxuSi, kama,

barda, soio, niori,

lobio, daTesvamde

erTwliani da mraval-

wliani sarevelebi

Sesxureba

kultu-

ris aRmo-

cenebamde

3-5 dRiT

adre

1

10. Warxali, stafilo, kombosto, xaxvi

poasti _ 1-3 kg mravalwliani marcv-

lovani sarevelebi

naTesebis

Sesxureba

sarevele-

bis 10-15

foTlis

fazaSi

1

-”- nabu _ 1-3 kg marcvlovani sareve-

lebi

Sesxureba

sare-ve-

lebis 2-6

foTlis

fazaSi

1

57

# kulturapreparatis dasaxeleba

da norma kg/hamavnebeli da

daavadebaSetanis

vadajeradoba

11.

-”- targa superi _ 1-2 kg erTwliani marcv-

lovani sarevelebi

naTesebis

Sesxureba

sare-ve-

lebis 2-4

foTlis

fazaSi

1

pomidori zenkori 1-1,2 -”- -”- 2

-”- fuzilad superi _ 2-4 kg -”- -”- 1

12. mindvrebi, sadac dair-gveba bost-neuli

raundapi _ 4-5 kg Salafa, Zurwa

Wanga, leli

da yvela sxva erT-

wliani balaxebi

sarevelis

12-14 sm

simaRlis

fazaSi

1

klini _ 3-4 kg

nokdauni-3-5 kg

nitosorgi _ 3-4 kg

an sxva msgavsi preparati

58

sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis Sesaxeb konsultaciis misaRebad mimarTeT sasoflo-sakonsultacio samsaxurs Semdeg misamarTebze:

axalcixe

gvaramaZis q. #6

tel: 822 506365; 822 506366

daba adigeni

mesxeTis q. #19 (II sarTuli)

tel: 899 980052

daba aspinZa

Tamaris q. #3 (I sarTuli)

tel: 899 729099

wigni gamoica sasoflo-sakonsultacio samsaxuris mier “saarsebo saSualebe-

bis mdgradi ganviTarebisa da regionaluri dagegmarebis” proeqtis farglebSi.

proeqts axorcielebs “qea saerTaSoriso kavkasiaSi” didi britaneTis

saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamentis dafinansebiT.