Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 1

بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم

احلمد هلل رب العاملني وصلى اهلل وسلم وبارك على نبينا حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني, أما بعد

Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of

Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began:

CONTINUATION OF CHAPTER TWO

Very important point When it is said Chapter two is a principle in four types of verbs, this :

doesn’t mean that only those four types of verbs follow that pattern. These are beneficial

pointers/rules and principles to know when you decide a verb to follow a certain Chapter.

Like the number of verbs given in the beginning of our classes, which aren’t one of those

types, like: عبد, يعبد.

Is عبد a verb which has its ‘Ayn as a Waaw? No

Is it a verb which has its Laam as a Waaw? No

Is it a verb were the ‘Ayn and Laam are identical? No

But it still follows Chapter One.

Keep in mind that Chapter One is a Principle in three types of Verbs and Chapter Two

is a Principle in four types of Verbs.

The third type of Chapter two is: Whenever the ‘Ayn and Laam are identical,

provided that the verb is Intransitive.

As-Sarf (Morphology) ~ Class Thirteen

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 2

The Transitive is in Chapter one, third type.

It is important to Revise, ustaadh said: “A very good way to revise, as our شيوخ

advised especially our شيخ محمد علي آدم األثيوبي حفظه هللا تعالى, he said: if you

want to revise a lesson, you go back home and read it five time (just read through),

and then on the following day read that same lesson which you read five times, four

times and then the day after three times and so on.” Gradually go down until you end

up with reading it only once. If you do that with every lesson then in shaa Allaah

nothing will pass you by. If you are not able to start with reading it five times you

start with three times.

Chapter two is a Principle in four types of Verbs, so far we took three types.

4 – Whenever the ‘ ف’ is a ‘ و’, provided that the ‘ ل’ isn’t one of the throat letters.

What is the faa here? The first original letter –don’t just say first, because the first

might be extra-

Example:

The Root Letters:

و- ج- ب

و- ل- ج

و- ج- د

و- ع- د

و- ل- د

و- ص- ف

و- ص- ل

و- ز- ن

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 3

و- ق-ي

Why is there always a Waaw in the beginning of these root letters? Because this is the

fourth type of verbs, which always has the faa as a Waaw.

ي -ق-و , is an interesting one, because we will be working with two principles, a

principle which we have taken before and a new one.

BUILDING THE ROOT LETTERS TO WHICH IS ON THE SCALE , ماض

OF ف عل

و- ج- ب

وجب : It became obligatory

Its originally means: It became established/ it fell

The reason why the meaning ‘it became obligatory’, is mentioned, because this is

what comes cross our mind whenever we hear this word, referring it to the

word واجب

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As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

فاذكروا اسم الله ر والبدن جعلناها لكم من شعائر الله لكم فيها خي ها وأطعموا القانع والمعت ر فإذا وجبت جنوب ها فكلوا من ها صواف علي

رناها لكم لعلكم تشكرون لك سخ كذAnd the Budn (cows, oxen, or camels driven to be offered as sacrifices by the pilgrims at the

sanctuary of Makkah.) We have made for you as among the Symbols of Allah, therein you

have much good. So mention the Name of Allah over them when they are drawn up in lines

(for sacrifice). Then, when they are down on their sides (after slaughter), eat thereof, and

feed the beggar who does not ask (men), and the beggar who asks (men). Thus have We made

them subject to you that you may be grateful. [22:36]

و- ل- ج

He/ it entered

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 5

و- ج- د

He found

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

والذين كفروا أعمالم كسراب بقيعة يسبه الظمآن ماء حت إذا جاءه ل والله سريع احلساب يده شيئ ا ووجد الله عنده ف وفاه حسابه

As for those who disbelieve, their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it

to be water, until he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing, but he finds Allah with him, Who

will pay him his due (Hell). And Allah is Swift in taking account. [24:39]

دخل كلما زكريا وكفلها حسن ا ن بات ا وأنبت ها حسن بقبول رب ها ف ت قب لهاها ذا لك أن مري يا قال رزق ا عندها وجد المحراب زكريا علي قالت ه

ب حسا بغي يشاء من ي رزق الله إن الله عند من هو So her Lord (Allah) accepted her with goodly acceptance. He made her grow in a good

manner and put her under the care of Zakariya (Zachariya). Every time he entered Al-

Mihrab to (visit) her , he found her supplied with sustenance. He said: “O Maryam (Mary)!

From where have you got this?” She said, “This is from Allah.” Verily, Allah provides

sustenance to whom He wills, without limit.” [3:37]

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و- ع- د

He promised

As Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said:

وعد الله الذين آمنوا منكم وعملوا الصاحلات ليستخلفن هم ف الرض كما لن هم استخلف الذين من ق بلهم وليمكنن لم دين هم الذي ارتضى لم وليبد ومن كفر ب عد ي عبدونن ل يشركون ب شي ئ ا من ب عد خوفهم أمن ا

لك فأولئك هم الفاسقون ذ

Allah has promised those among you who believe, and do righteous good deeds, that He will

certainly grant them succession to (the present rulers) in the earth, as He granted it to those

before them, and that He will grant them the authority to practise their religion, that which

He has chosen for them (i.e. Islam). And He will surely give them in exchange a safe security

after their fear (provided) they (believers) worship Me and do not associate anything (in

worship) with Me. But whoever disbelieved after this, they are the Fasiqun (rebellious,

disobedient to Allah). [24:55]

Allaah سبحانه وتعالى doesn’t break His promise, if that which Allaah promised did

not happen the problem is in us and not in Allaah. That means that we haven’t done

what is a condition to have that promise met.

Here He promised those who believe and do righteous good deeds, that He would

give them succession in the land as he has given those before them, and He would

grand them authority to practice their religion, and that He would exchange their fair

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 7

with safety and security, provided that they do one thing. If they don’t do that thing

they do not get what Allaah promised. Because they didn’t do what Allaah asked

them to do to have that which He promised, which is worshiping Allaah

Alone/singling out Allaah in worship (At Tawheed).

و- ل- د

He begot

The begetting when referred to the male is in the sense of him being one of the means

and reasons.

People are under the impression that ولد (Noun), is a name given for the boy and

that is not correct. ولد is every Child, whether it be boy/male or girl/female.

The Arabs in their slang they restrict the word ‘ ولد ’ to a boy, but in reality ‘ ولد ’

is ‘a begotten child’.

As Allaah said:

ووالد وما ولد

And by the begetter (i.e. Adam ) and that which he begot (i.e. his progeny); [90:3]

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 8

ولد الله وإن هم لكاذبون

“Allah has begotten off spring or children (i.e. angels are the daughters of Allah)?” And,

verily, they are liars! [37:152]

و- ص- ف

He described

و- ص- ل

This verb is either taken as transitive or intransitive.

If it is taken as a transitive verb, it will mean: He joined it

If it is taken as an intransitive verb, it will mean: He reached to a certain destination.

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و- ز- ن

He weighed

Just as we were taught وزن على وزن ف عل

و- ق-ي

In وقي we are able to apply a principle, which is: “ When the ‘ و’ or the ‘ ي’ has a

harakah and the letter before it has a fathah, we change it into an Alif. ”

Is it going to be a sitting or a standing Alif? A sitting Alif

How come a sitting Alif? To hint out that it was originally a Yaa

So it will become

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 10

He protected/ preserved.

BUILDING THE ROOT LETTERS TO THE , WHICH IS ONE THE مضارع

SCALE OF يفعل

1st : We bring the ‘ ي’ in the beginning of the Verb (copy paste it as it is), and give it a

Fathah.

2nd

: We bring the First Original letter, which is the ‘ ف’, and silence it.

3rd

: We bring the Second Original letter, which is the ‘ ع’, and give it a Kasrah.

4th

: We bring the Third Original letter, which is the ‘ ل’, and give it a Dhammah.

Remember that instead of the ي’ in the beginning it could be a ‘ أ’ or a ‘ ن’ or a

.because there are four letters for the Mudaari’ always , ’ت ‘

The Yaa is used by default.

و- ج- ب

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و- ل- ج

و- ج- د

و- ع- د

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و- ل- د

و- ص- ف

و- ص- ل

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و- ز- ن

و- ق- ي

They called it enemies in the sense of them not suiting the Waaw

Dropped by writing and pronunciation

Between two different enemies , the fathah and kasrah or kasrah and fathah and not

between the fathah and the fathah or the kasrah and the kasrah

With this Principle we will drop the ‘و’ in all those verbs, because it fall between two enemies

(i.e. Fathah and Kasrah).

PRINCIPLE: Whenever a ‘و’ falls between its two enemies (i.e. Fathah and Kasrah) it

falls (i.e. drops)

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It becomes/is obligatory/ it is established/ it falls

He/it enters

As Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said:

ها ل ت فتح ل م أب واب السماء ول بوا بآياتنا واستكب روا عن إن الذين كذلك نزي المجرمني وكذ يدخلون النة حت يلج المل ف سم الياط

Verily, those who belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)

and treat them with arrogance, for them the gates of heaven will not be opened, and they will

not enter Paradise until the camel goes through the eye of the needle (which is impossible).

Thus do We recompense the Mujrimun (criminals, polytheists, sinners, etc.). [7:40]

ها وما ينزل من السماء وما ي عرج ي علم ما يلج ف الرض وما يرج من وه و الرحيم الغفور فيها

He knows that which goes into the earth and that which comes forth from it, and that which

descend from the heaven and that which ascends to it. And He is the Most Merciful, the

OftForgiving. [34:2]

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He finds

ا الرض ف يد الله سبيل ف ي هاجر ومن يرج ومن وسعة كثي ا مراغم

الله على أجره وقع ف قد الموت يدركه ث ورسوله الله إل مهاجر ا ب يته منا غفور ا الله وكان رحيم

He who emigrates (from his home) in the Cause of Allah, will find on earth many dwelling

places and plenty to live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unto Allah and

His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then surely incumbent upon Allah.

And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. [4:100]

He promises

As Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said:

وإذ يعدكم الله إحدى الطائفت ني أن ها لكم وت ودون أن غي ر ذات الشوكة تكون لكم ويريد الله أن يق احلق بكلماته وي قطع دابر الكافرين

And (remember) when Allah promised you (Muslims) one of the two parties (of the enemy i.e.

either the army or the caravan) that it should be yours, you wished that the one not armed

(the caravan) should be yours, but Allah willed to justify the truth by His Words and to cut off

the roots of the disbelievers (i.e. in the battle of Badr). [8:7]

والله يعدكم مغفرة منه الشيطان يعدكم الفقر ويأمركم بالفحشاء

والله واسع عليم وفضل

Shaitan (Satan) threatens you with poverty and orders you to commit Fahsha (evil deeds,

illegal sexual intercourse, sins etc.); whereas Allah promises you Forgiveness from Himself

and Bounty, and Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures’ needs, All-Knower. [2:268]

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وما يعدهم الشيطان إل غرور ا يعدهم وينيهم He [Shaitan (Satan)] makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires; and

Shaitan’s (Satan) promises are nothing but deceptions. [4:120]

He begets

As Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said:

ل يلد ول يول د “He begets not, nor was He begotten;

He described

You can a أصف – نصف – تصف

As Allaah سبحانه وتعالى said:

فأسرها يوسف ف ن فسه ول قالوا إن يسرق ف قد سرق أخ له من ق بل والله أعلم با تصفون قال أنت م شر مكان ا ي بدها لم

They [(Yusuf’s (Joseph) brothers] said: “If he steals, there was a brother of his [Yusuf

(Joseph)] who did steal before (him).” But these things did Yusuf (Joseph) keep in himself,

revealing not the secrets to them. He said (within himself): “You are in worst case, and Allah

knows best the truth of what you assert!” [12:77]

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Transitive: He joins it

Intransitive: He reaches to a certain destination

As Allaah سبحانه تعالى said:

ذا ذا لله بزعمهم وه وجعلوا لله ما ذرأ من احلرث والن عام نصيب ا ف قالوا ه وما كان لله ف هو فما كان لشركائهم فل يصل إل الله لشركائنا

ساء ما يكمون يصل إل شركائهم And they assign to Allah a share of the tilth and cattle which He has created, and they say:

“This is for Allah according to their pretending, and this is for our (Allah’s so-called)

partners.” But the share of their (Allah’s so-called) “partners” reaches not Allah, while the

share of Allah reaches their (Allah’s so-called) “partners”! Evil is the way they judge!

[6:136]

He/it weighs

أزن – تزن – نزن نيا عند اهلل ل تزن جناح ب عوضة The worldly life in the estimation of‘ – الد

Allaah does not weigh a mosquito’s wing’

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He protects/ prevents

In يقي,the dhammah over the Yaa causes heaviness, and we have a Principle that we have

taken before, which is: ‘If you can’t Move Remove.’

The Dhammah is heavy on the Yaa and there is no space to move that dhammah to the letter

before it because it is occupied, so if we can’t move we remove.

So it will become:

HOMEWORK

Bring the following root letters to the Maadh and Mudaari’ in the following table by using the

Principles given.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 19

~~~ END OF CLASS ~~~

Notes transcribed by: Umm Sufyaan Al Maghribiyyah