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Page 1: sarkhej roza - s3images.coroflot.com

sarkhej roza

Page 2: sarkhej roza - s3images.coroflot.com

Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

sites at sarkhej roja, ahmedabad

Low-budget, need-based interventions based on collaboration with the Friends of sarkhej roza and sarkhej roza communities.

site a: Chikkoo Wadi, a religious ceremonial & soci-al space for sarkhej roa communityInterventions serving weekly Mannat and Quresh jamaat Langar, samuh Lagan activities

site B: Courtyard, intended for income generation for the surrounding communityInterventions serving weekly market and regular training activities

INTroDUCTIoNIn

trod

uctio

n

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

CoNTeNTs

1. INTroDUCTIoN

2. IDeNTIFYING The NeeD

3. a BrIeF hIsTorY

4. MaP

5. hIsTorY oF sarkhej roza

6. arChITeCTUre

7. eNVIroNMeNT

8. LUNar CaLeNDer

9. eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes

10. oPPorTUNITIes

11. PeoPLe aND IssUes

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

a BrIeF hIsTorY

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

a B

rief histo

ry

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

a B

rief histo

ry

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

MaPM

ap - G

eog

raph

y

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

MaP oF sITeM

ap o

f site

eNTraNCe

MasjID

ToMB oF MehMUD BeGaDa

QUeeNsToMB

LIBrarY

Bara DarIMarkeT PLaCe

ChIkkoo WaDI

sheIkh ahMaD GaNj Baksh khaTTU

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

arChITeCTUrea

rchitectu

re

reLIGIoUs

soCIaL

roYaL

The mausoleum of ahmed shiekh Ganj Baksh khattu and The mosque forms the religious realm of rchitecture. highly con-centrated, heavily insulated and most tran-quIl space of the campus.

saints tomb, arcaded veranda on the periphery is filled with people during festival and special prayer days.

The palaces, pavillion and the water tank are reminiscent of the grandeur of the past. Located on the fringe of the campus, the palaces do not disturb the sanctity and the spirituality. The palaces though grand are very simple in their layout and do not impose their existence upon the other structures.

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

arch

itecture

The rauza (tomb) complex at sarkhej built at the advent of the sultanate era is an apt example of the Indo-saracenic architecture from this region where hindu and Islamic influences are fused together. hindu craftsmanship and construction know-how was overlaid upon the Islamic sense of geometry and scale. a trabeated structural system in sandstone with corbelled domes and non structural arched panels as infill testify to its stylization of hindu craft-men while the reference to square geometric and rectilinear structure grid, floral or geometric patterns in filigree are the consequence of the Islamic discipline of entablature.

The fusion and the eventual spatial organization, however, remain very In-dian. as a sacred structure of the Islamic faith, the sarkhej campus observes the tenets of the religion and these notions are reflected in the principles of its architecture. The strongest of these is the aspect of geometry and symmetry. Individual structures are governed by the rotation of the square plan form and are symmetrical along their own central axis. as any depiction of live creatures is forbidden in Islam,the filigree is essentially in the form of square jalis carved in floral or geometric patterns.

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

enviro

nm

ent

jali is one of the most important feature of the sarkhej roza.jali is a perforated stone or latticed screen, usually with an ornamental pattern constructed through the use of geometry or floral patterns.This technique is mainly found in indian and islamic architecture.early work was performed by carving into stone, while the later technique of inlay was also employed.jali does not secludes a person from a space because of the awareness of the outside world.We get filtered soft and diffused light which helps in kee-ping the space cool.jali also provides proper ventilation in the space.

Panchdhatu-a special five metals amalgated jali has been used in the saints tomb which depicts unification and purity.

The opaque and transparen-cy gives mystical qualities to light when it comes inside at different angles.The play of light makes the space dynamic because of its pattern and shadows.another important feature which jali provides is privacy, a person behind a jali can see outside space but person out-side can not see inside clearly.

jaLI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

LUNar CaLeNDarLu

nar C

alend

ar

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Peop

le & Issu

esSTAKE HOLDERS

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

1969 Scheme of Bombay Public Section 50

2 membersDistrict Judge to manage Religious Trust

19799 members

Reservations for Syyeds and Borah

19957 members

No ReservationsSunni+Ahmedabad+no criminal record

Peop

le & Issu

es

What is happening

inside?

AHMEDABAD TIMES

eLeCTIoNs

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

I own this land; it was given to me legally under The

Gujarat Devasthan Inams

Abolition Act in 1969.I am paying

Rs.1000 – Rs.2000 as rent to the com-

mittee.

Peop

le & Issu

esDONATION ????

SALARY Rs 20000

RENT Rs 25OOO +

ELECTRICITY Rs40000

COMMITTIEE fuNDS

FUNDs

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

S. G. HIGHWAY

MAKARBA TALAAB

AHMAD SAR LAKE

RAMP BROKEN

LAKE

INTERLINKING

ACT

There was a natural flow of water in the lake but because of the recent Gandhinagar highway this flow got stopped and now the lake is dry.

The Ramp which is the property of ASI was broken by AuDA and for that ASi has filed a case against Mr. Abrarali Saiyyed and AuDA under the Lake Interlinking Act.

The Makbara Lake behind he monument is also dirty now into algae water, earlier it was connected to Ahmad sar Lake

ASI has the monument and area within 200 metres under them, whereas the water and civic ameneties are the authority of AMC. So the two bodies are interdependent and are not able to plan an action.

LakePeo

ple &

Issues

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Peop

le & Issu

es Lake - comparison

With water Without water

•S/W winds cools down due to prescence of waterbodies during summer•Prescence of migrating birds •Cultivations of water chestnuts near makarba pond•Activities of people around Ahmad Sar tank

•S/W wind continues to be hot due to drying up of Ahmad sar tank•Stinking coming from makarba lake due to stagnant water.•Absence of migrating birds and people‘s activity due to drying up of the ahmad sar tank.

Sarkhej Roza site Map Sarkhej Roza site Map

Migrating Birds

Cultivation

Washing

Vegetation

Hot airCold air

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

JANMASHTHAMI

In keeping with a 500 year old tradition, janamashtami celebrations were organized at roza till 1985 when rath Yatra happened in Gujarat and a lot of eminent sarkhej personalities died and the event got suspended. Then in the following year in 1986, ramazan coincided janmashtami and since then it was not celebrated.

But living the same tradition again, it got revived on 27th august 2005. The sarpanch of Makarba Gram Panchayat, shri rambhai Bharwad was the Chief Guest of the function alongwith other eminent members of the village. a Quwwali (musical rendition of Urdu poetry) was organized in evening to the joy and participation of eminent citizens and the community around the roza.

Peop

le & Issu

es

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

archaeological and historical sites not only attract tourists but also bind the people together like a string of flowers in a garland. sarkhej being of prime importance in the context of ahmedabad brings about the cohesion throughout the country.

But the Tourism Department apparently is not really promotiing this site and hence the development of the monument and the district is indirectly getting affected. The absence of a bus stoppage, the missing signages are few areas to work on.

The Mausoleum behind the Saint‘s tomb that is outside the walls of sarkhej is not considered as the part of the monument. so neither asI nor aMC is taking care of that dilapidated tomb and it is not even maintained by the people staying around also. so it is bringing down the heritage value of the site.

ToUrIsMo

pp

ortu

nities

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

TRESSPASSERS

WATER SCARCITY

fOuL

fOOD LITTERING

Peop

le & Issu

esFaCILITIes and MaINTeNaNCe

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Wee

kly

PRAyeRSNamaz/ Salah is the practice of formal worship in Islam. Salah consists of the

repetition of a unit called a raka‘ah consisting of prescribed actions and words.

These are measured according to the movement of the sun. These happen near dawn (fajr), after midday has passed and the sun starts to tilt downwards / Noon (dhuhr), in the afternoon (asr), just after sunset (maghrib) and around nightfall (isha‘a). Maghrib is the

evening ritual which has the maximum number of people for prayers.

QuReShI lANgARThe qureshi jamat at mirzapur holds the

langar every Thursday at the roza. The responsibility of this service has been

handed over from generation to generation since 1850. The

commitie is presently handled by Niyaz Patan(president), yusuf Bhai(secretary)

and Azeez Bapu. This is a sunni committee whose fund comes from the

members of the qureshi community residing in mirzapur. every Thursday they spend around Rs.5000, feeding 3000

people.

AN

Nu

All

y

AN

Nu

All

y

dA

Ily PICNICSSarkhej Roza gives a nice domain to people for

recreation. hence we see a lot of people coming there for picnics and family supper.

CONVOCATIONdarul uloom Shaikh Ahmad khattu Trust ( Madarsa), is a school

established by the Sarkhej Roza committee in the year 2000. There are preachings of Quran in the Arabic medium. A monthly rent of

the land under the trust is paid to the Sarkhej Trust. Their convocation happens once in every 2 years in the Sarkhej Roza premises inside Chickoo Wadi in front of all the Sarkhej Roza

community people.

RAjAB It is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition

of Rajab is to respect. This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months in Islam in which battles are prohibited. In Sarkhej Roza, there are devotees from all over India who come to pay their

love for the sufi saint in this month of Rajab.

SAMuh lAgANThe Samuh lagna is held on the Sarkhej campus twice in a year.

It involves multiple couples getting married in the same day sequentially, and the cost of the celebrations involved gets shared and heavily subsidised as a result. It happens in Chikoo Wadi inside Sarkhej Roza and is an event taken care by hussani Charitable Trust.

RAMdAANRamdaan brings in the month of fasting when the langer remains

suspended throughout, and people visit Sarkhej Mosque.

MANNAT When the people wish for something and their wish gets fulfilled, they organise the event to thank god, this event is called mannat

where people gather in Sarkhej to celebrate.

CulTuRAl PeRfORMANCeSunder the ASI ans Sarkhej Roza committe, the cultural and religious

sanctity is preserved by organising cultural programmes and workshops in Sarkhej Roza which brings in all classes of people in

the site to celebrate its heritage.

jANMAShTAMIIn keeping with a 500 year old tradition, janamashtami

celebrations were organized at Roza till 1985 when Rath yatra happened in gujarat and a lot of eminent Sarkhej personalities

died and the event got suspended. Since then it was not celebrated but it got revived on 27th August 2005.

TOuRISTSTourists have always been attracted to

archaeological sites of historical importance, perhaps Sarkhej Roza been

the centre for tourist attraction in Ahmadabad occupies it with an ever

green assemblage of devotees.

eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIeseven

ts and

activities

eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Su� Performanceson stage

Plinth arround the cheeku trees used by people to rest

N

S

E W

-Junk

-Plint arroundthe trees

SHADE / SEATING / PERFORMANCE

Convocation function

BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE

CHIKOO WADI

Convocation Once in two yearsBetween the months of Ramzaan and Shawwal.

Population:- 100-120 Students- Teachers- Parents- Representatives of Darul- Uloom Khattu Trust

July - AugustTemperature:Max - 32˚cMin - 26˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE

Rajab Su� PerformancesOnce in a year

May - JunTemperature:Max - 40˚cMin - 27˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE

eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

N

S

E W

CHIKOO WADIDaily Activities

Afternoon-Evening

Isolated entrance andhence not noticed.

Picnic - 60-70 people.Frequent activity.People on tour halt at Cheek Wadi.

Children picking cheeku fruits

People having lunch and resting under cheeku trees

2.4m

0.6m

2.4mChidren tresspasssing to play games

-Junk-High ground-Low ground

-Plinth aroundthe cheeku tree

PROPER ENTRANCE FORCHEEKU WADI

PROPER SHADE AT CHEEKU WADI FOR FULL UTILISATION OF SPACE.

CATER THE NEED

UTILISATION OF SHADE AND THE PLINTH

CLEAN SPACE

BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE

Summer shadows

SUMMER

Temperature :Max - 44˚cMin - 27˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE

WINTER

Temperature:Max - 26˚cMin - 15˚cDominant Wind Direction:NE to SW

Winter shadows

eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Slant

Slant

Drain

Slant

op

po

rtun

itiesWaTer FLoW DUrING heaVY raINs

CheekU WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

N

S

E W

CHIKOO WADISamuh Lagan

Organised by Hussaini Waqf Committee

Twice in one year February and August

No: of people:81 marriages.100 people invited byevery couplefor the ceremony and food

FebruaryAfternoon-Evening

Temperature:Max - 27˚cMin - 13˚cDominant Wind Direction:NE to SW

-Serving

Toilets not functioning.People defecate around it.

Women washing utensils.

Cooking and serving.

Tree provides shade and hence stage is used by women and children for eating.

Ticket system for enteringCheeku Wadi where food is servered.

Exist. Tent for shade.Devision for women and men sitting.

Drums for drinking water and washing hands.No facilities for water inside Cheeku Wadi.

Bamboo gate .

-Junk

-Plinth around cheeku trees

PROPER PLACEMENTAND FUNCTIONINGOF TOILETS AND WATERSUPPLY

SHADE / SEATING / PERFORMANCE

EVEN GROUND LEVEL

PROPER ENTRANCE FORCHEEKU WADI

SHADE

BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Unattractive entranceDoes not invite visitors Lack of any particular guide navigating them to the wadi.

-Uneven ground at the entrance-The newly constructed walls of Chikoo Wadi do not go with the architectural language of Sarkhej Roza-The cone of view at the entrance of Chikoo Wadi brings in the unpleasant site of the modern buildings across the Makarba. This hinders the landscape of Chikoo Wadi

ENTRANCE:

ISSUES:

Wall: - Paint the wall

- Put textile structures for conveying jali on wall

Entrance:

Permanent: -Steps leading into the wadi -Arch structure

Temporary:

-Arch structures at the entrance.(during performance)

- Textile gate arch

- Landscaping: jali on the end wall to continue the architec ture dialogue

-Arch in form of vegitation

-Vegetation along the wall

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

GUIDING THE BEHAVIOR Various events and activities are conducted inside Chikoo Wadi by people coming from different cultural background.

ISSUES:-No visual communication to people on how to utilize the space, hence it is always left in disarray

Permanent :

- Add grass with paths / pebels for path

- Audience seat

- Demarcation of activities by leveling the ground of Chikoo Wadi and creating depressions/elevation. for : cooking (providing stoves), washing (drainage - slant in this area), defecation.

- Add plinth

Temporary:- Plinth made from textiles- Seating Arrangement - Using ropes for making stuctures for direction purpose

- Add landscaping elements,close to the wall

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

STAGE :Stage constructed inside Chikoo Wadi is not being used for any performances. The placement of the stage is perfect with the Saint’s tomb

the audience.

ISSUES:-Does not invite people to conduct any performance-No sitting arrangement for the audience -The long plinth on the side along the entrance path invites people to enter and sit on the stage.

Permanent:

- Pavement : grass+teracota (or any other)

- Green room

- Jali wall as backdrop

- Electricity

Temporary: - Backdrop

- Shade for stage\audience

- Back stage

- lighting structures for night performances

- audience seating : charpai, modular

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

CLEANLINESS MANAGEMENT:There is no system to manage cleanliness inside Chikoo Wadi.

ISSUES:-No bins for collecting garbage-As the toilets are not functioning kids defecate in open -No proper water facilities -There is an open drain outside Chikoo Wadi (towards the Makarba) which creates awful odour

Permanent:

- Maintenance : water + toilet

- Strategic placement of garbage bins near the cooking area , wash basin \toilet and one near the shades.

- Additional taps + toilets- Entrance of toilet

- Close the open drain or trees for odour

- Sacred system of tieing threads around trees or jalis

Temporary:

- Plastic covers for garbage bins : incorporated into the wall

- Re�ective surface the walls

- Storage facilities for temporary structures and ,other cleaning purposes-Elevated garden structures closeto the wall

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

SHADE:Shades are only provided by tress in Chikoo Wadi. When events are held, people get their own temporary structures.

ISSUES:-As the shades provided by trees change with the sun direction, temporary or permanent structures are necessary

Temporary:

- Dome structure

- Collapsable/ temporary sades :for marriages, picnics,

- Textile structure

- Textile structure-canopy structureprovide shade in the open area

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Green room

Storage facilitiesfor temporary structures

Additional toilet /and a blinder

Hand washing area

cooking(1)and washing dish area

cooking(2) and washing dish area

Entrance with steps and arch

vegetation

Audience seating area

ChIkkoo WaDI

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

UNUSED SPACEuntapped possibilities...

TOYS, BALLOOS, EATABLES

“We sell outside Sarkhej Roza.

Business is espe-cially good during

Rajab.”

POTTERY“We sell to “We sell to

middlemen.We don’t mind them keeping a cut. We don’t have

the time for retail.”

SEWING“I go to Hussaini “I go to Hussaini

Waqf classes for the certificate.I go after school .I can work

from home if I manage to get

orders.”

TORAN“I get orders,

they supply the materials,and I get paid rs.4 for a dozen torans.

EMBROIDERY ,CROCHET

“We had craft “We had craft workshops at

Sarkhej , but we don’t use those skills anymore.”

MEHENDI“This is a hobby and I go because it s free

and I can make some money when we get

wedding orders.”orders.”

op

po

rtun

itiesPeoPLe, sPaCe aND TIMe - oPPorTUNITIes

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

CLeaNLINess - IssUeo

pp

ortu

nities

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

WaTer FLoW DUrING heaVY raINs

MarkeT PLaCe

op

po

rtun

ities

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

MARKET SPACE

CHAI STALL

ENTRANCE AND EXIT(for tourist and locals)

EXIT(during lungar)

ENTRANCE(Locals)

Structure-permanantOccupiers-change

Visual Barrier(temporary)

Parmanent souvenier shop

Parmanent souvenier shop

WORKSHOPSOR/ANDREST ROOMS

PERFORMANCE SPACE

Parmanent souvenier shop

Suggestion:1Suggestion:2Suggestion:3

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

MarkeT PLaCer

espo

nses

-

WHY THIS SPACE:

ENTRANCE:Attract people

Cloth Scrolls:

Inspired from pilars of the complexEmpasises the entranceBuilds curiosityProvide directionality

Calligraphy:

Could have verses of Quran like they have on walls

Provides first impression of space inside

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Partition:Can be used for display

1.8m required for 2 ppl to

comfortably walk 2m Flooring:Combination of stone tiles

and grass.suitable for walking bare-feet and with footwear.

Cloth Scrolls:An abstraction of pillars

Continued from the entrance

Roof:Provides shade and protection from rainInspired from the jaali

0.26m

0.54m1.8m required for 2

ppl to

comfortablyw alk 2m F0.54m

Storage Area

Seating Area

Display Area

SPACE UTILIZATION

Partition:Allows for display

-

4.1m0.2m3.92m

WHY THIS SPACE:-Already existing infrastructureie. Pillars(demarcate area for stalls), Plinth

MARKET SPACE:Income Generation Attracting Tourists

MarkeT PLaCer

espo

nses

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

MarkeT PLaCer

espo

nses

ROOF:

Two layeredOctagonal cut outs on the area extending over the path to walkInspired from the concept of jaaliShadow paterns keep changing with sun angle

Overhead sunMorning sun Evening sun

42º21’

41º92’

9:00 A.M.

12:30 P.M.

4:00 P.M.

TIMING oN 21st jUNe

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

WHY THIS SPACE:-Aesthetic backdrop of Saints Tomb-Can comfortably seat 100 people for small performances

PERFORMANCE SPACEDisplay of cultureAttracting Tourists

RESTING SPACE, PLAYGROUNDProviding alternative space for small picnicsProximity to main entranceActs as independent space due to alternative entranceOpen space to play

WHY THIS SPACE:-Aesthetic backdrop of Saints Tomb.-Can comfortably seat 70 people for small picnics

3m

2.5m

Movable (Weight 10 kg ) Adjustable angle (protects from sun at different angles)CollapsibleCan comfortably seat a family fo 5

MarkeT PLaCer

espo

nses

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

Iden

tifying

the n

eed

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

IDeNTIFYING The NeeD

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Sarkhej Roza

National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012

BIBLIOGRAPHYB

iblio

grap

hy

e- Books References

http://www.sarkhejroza.org/

www.trekearth.com

www.deviantart.com

www.auda.org.in

www.littleepottery.com

www.nimatullahi.org

www.southasiaanalysis.org

www.thesaurus.com

www.wikimapia.org

www.acfindia.org Video References

Dir. shraddha sakhalkarsarkhej.National Institute of Design, ahmedabad, 2010. Film ritwick NandiProject DocumentNational Institute of Design: ahmedabad 600 joint stu-dio, spring 2011

exhibition Design 2009 Batch studentsWorkshop Document National Institute of Design: sarkhej roja Instant Ligh-ting Workshop, 27-29 March 2011

Tanvi sonavneLighting Proposal National Institute of Design: Design Project III, spring 2011. Videos: Light Painting, Lighting for Namaz

Interviews

- Bhavana, Friends of sarkhej roza

- Mr. abrarali s. saiyed - President of sarkhej roza Committee

- Yaseen Bhai - hussaini Waqf Committee

- samath khan Pathan, secratary to sarkhej roza Com-mittee

- haider ali, fakeer

- Teachers of Darul - Uloom shaikk ahmed khattu trust

- Mohd. Nizam-ud-Din Malik hadim ( Chaadarwala)

- Local People - sameena Makrani - Naseem ben - sameena - Naseem ben - kiran ben

Book References

Yagnik, achyut, and suchitra sheth. ahmedabad: From royal City to Megacity. New Delhi: Penguin India, 2011

ramagundam, rahul. Gandhi‘s Khadi: A History of Contention and Conciliation. New Delhi: orient Longman, 2008

Pandya, YatinConcepts of space in Traditional Indian architectureMapin Publications, 2005

alfieri, Bianca MariaIslamic architecture of the Indian subcontinentLondon, Lawrence king Publications, 2000

Balasubrahmanyan, suchitra, and sharmila sagaraahmedabad 600: Portraits of a CityMumbai: Marg Publications, 2011

David, robin City of Fear Penguin Global, 2008

Yajnika, a & sheth, s The shaping of Modern GujaratPenguin Books India, 2005

www.plantarchives.org

www.vibrantgujarat.com

www.icograda.org

www.free-clipart-pictures.net

www.clker.com

www.lawsofindia.org

www.ahmedabad.org.uk

www.foga.com

www.arcspace.com

http://www.lissongallery.com/#/artists/anish-kapoor/