By: Dr. Pancha janya Kumar. Deevi. 1 s t Year P.G.Scholar

“Sarvendriyanam nayanam pradhanam”-

An introspection.

• Introduction• Anatomical Aspects• Physiological Aspects• Pathological Aspects• Therapeutics• Social & Preventive Aspects• Literary Aspects• Mythological Aspects• Sympathy Towards Blind• Conclusion

Contents

• It is proved that 80% of knowledge was gain through vision. • The proverb was not described in Bhrihatrayee .• Vagbhata quoted “A man with out vision is like an

Insect( Kudya).

• It infers their awareness about importance of “ eye” in those days.

• The remaining all aspects are described in detail.• The proverb was given in “Neeti Satakam” about four most

important ones in life by chanakya.

Introduction

• “Sarvasya gatrasya sirah pradhanam Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam

Shannam rasanam lavanam pradhanam Bhavet paneeyan udakam prdhanam”. Head is important among the body.

Eyes Are Important Among All Senses.

Salt is important among ‘6’ tastes

water is important among liquids.

Introduction

• Eye is highly Sensitive Organ in the body eg: A dust particle create severe irritation.

• It is supplied by End Arteries.

• It is continued by Optic Nerve (2nd Cranial Nerve.).• It has direct contact with Meningeal Layers Of Brain.• It has two Avascular Structures (Cornea & Lens).• It is beautiful anatomically.

Anatomical Aspects

• In Ayurveda Acharya Susruta described anatomy of eye in detail –

• 1.Size & Shape 2.Pancha Maha Bhutas Vs. Eye

Anatomical Aspects

3. “ 7” Dhatus Vs. Eye

Anatomical Aspects

Rasa – Eye Lids, Cornea, Tears, Aqueous Humour.

Rakata Vascular Coat Of Eye.

Mamsa Intra And Extra Ocular Muscles.

Medas Lens, Vitreous Humour, Fat In The Orbital Cavity.

Asthi Bones Of Orbital Cavity, Part Of Naso Lacrimal Duct, Nervous Coat.

Majja Eye Lashes, Eye Brows, Excreta Of Eye.

Sukra Luster Of Eye, Oiliness Over Eye Lids, Strength Of Eye.

4. Mandala-Sandhi- Patala (Layer-Joint-Segment) • Mandalas- 5, sandhis-6, patalas-6 in number.• Diseases of mandalas are described separately.• Disease of sandhis are described as a whole.• Patala gata diseases described under vartma gata , drishti gata,

sandhi gata diseases.• Sadhya- Sadhyata described based on depth of Patala.eg:

linganasa – 4th Patala.• Siras to the eye are passages of its pathogens. • Vagbhata says‘2’ siras of foot have their course up to eye, by

which applied sneha reaches to eye.

Anatomical Aspects

• Eye Works Like A Camera – lids as shutterCornea & lens as focusing systemIris as diaphragmChoroid as darkened interior Retina as light sensitive plate of camera respectively.• Visual Path Way - Cornea Aqueous Humour Pupil Lens Vitreous Humour Retina Optic Nerve Optic Chiasma Optic Tract Lateral Geniculate Body Optic Radiations Visual Cortex.

Physiological Aspects

• According to Ayurveda kriya Sharira among the(3x 5 v.p.k.) 15 – ‘8’ are present in eye.

Physiological Aspects

Vata Pitta Kapha

Prana- Dharana Ranjaka- Chromatophores Of Iris,

Pigmented Layer Of Retina.

Tarpaka- Aqueous & Vitreous Humor ,

Tears.

Udana- Bala, Smriti Bhrajaka- Lids, Cornea, Lens.

Sleshmaka- Between “6” Sandhis In Eye

Vyana- Unmesha Nimesha

Alochaka - Rods & Cones Of Retina.

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• The other “4” sense organs depend on vision & its previous memory to fulfill their functions.

Physiological Aspects

Hear It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Tabala/Key Pad

Smell It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Jasmine Flower / Jasmine Essence.

Taste It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Sweet / Imitations.

Touch It Cannot Differentiate With Out Vision Eg: Thorn / Needle.

• Eye diseases are more in number than other organs eg: Susruta-76, Vagbhata -94.

• Systemic Diseases shows signs & symptoms in eye.

Pathological Aspects

1.Fever Redness & Watering

2.Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Bluish Sclera

3.Vit.A Deficiency

Bitot Spots

4. Syphilis Argylrobert Son Pupil

5. Hyper Lipidemia

Xanthelasma

6. Jaundice Yellowish Discoloration Of Sclera

• Eye examination gives a quick diagnosis. • Among Ayurvedic examinations( 3,5,8,…) Darshana pariksha given importance eg:

• Birth To Death in diagnosis Darshana Pariksha plays key role.eg: APGAR score, Neurology, Radiology, Histology.. etc.

Pathological Aspects

1. Mutra Pariksha Shapes Of Taila Bindu

2. Mala Pariksha Colour, Biounsy3. Ano Rectal Examination Arsho Yantra Veekshana.4. Twak Eka Kushta, Sidhma Kushta etc

5. Vrana Srava Varna ( Colour Of Discharge)

• Acharya Susruta said “Nidana Parivarjana” is the 1st line of treatment.

• The eye treatments are very special & effective.• “Netra Kriya kalpas”- local procedure to eye ,the medicine is

dispersed instantly to the effected eye.

• Surgical & Para Surgical treatments depending on site and stage of disease eg: Arma.

• Systemic medications as treatment & prevention eg: Myopia.

Therapeutics

• The Ophthalmic drugs & formulations are having all ‘4’ properties of Oushada.

• Pancha Karma therapies indicated in eye diseases as purva karmas.

• Treating Through Eye give good results in some diseases eg: shira shoola, kamala..etc.

Therapeutics

1. Single drugs Agastya Patra, Sigrupatra ,Amalaki .2. Anjanam varthi/ gutika

Chandrodaya Varthi, Nayana Sukha Varthi.

3. Kashayam Vasakadi Kashayam, Akshbeejadi Kashayam.4. Ghritam Patoladi Ghritam, Jivantyadi Ghritam.5. Tailam Tiladi Tailam, Anu Tailam.6. Vati Nayanamrita Loham.

• Eye(Vision) plays a vital role in professionals –

• “Drishta Karma”- the 3rd important quality of physician will fulfill only by having good vision.

Social & Preventive Aspects

1. Doctors For Diagnosing & Treating

2. Engineers For Planning & Constructing

3. Drivers To Drive Safely To Destination

4. Investigator To Get Clues/ Evidences Pertaining To Death

5. Soldier To Safe Guard The Country From Enemies etc…

• World is “Digitalizing” in every field eg: e-schools. • The Pollution & Radiation are increasing .• Preventive Measures to maintain good vision-

• Periodical ‘Ophthalmic Consultation’ is becoming mandatory.

Social & Preventive Aspects

Eye Exercises To Prevent Early Refractive Errors In Adults.Eye Wash To Clean Pathway Of VisionNetra Rasayana To Prevent Early Degeneration

Dinacharya Anjanam- Pada Abhyanga- Siro Abhyanga- Padatra Dharana- Chatra Dharana..etc.

• Eye is the only organ to have a Upanishad by its name- “Chakshushya Upanishad” .

• Indian writers used eye as a tool to Praise Beauty of a person eg: Padmaksha• Naming the person with the name of eye eg: Meenakshi,

Sarasijakshi, Kamakshi.• Psychological State of hero /villain was narrated by the expression

of eye eg: Ugra Netrudu, Bashpa Netrudu.

Literary Aspects

• Law include “Eye witness” as important evidence.

• Jesus Christ said eyes are focus lights of brain.• In good qualities of a doctor an Eagle Eye (In Diagnosis) was described.

• Future Project named with vision eg: vision 2020

Literary Aspects

• The sun is deity of eye by praying & offerings to him gives good vision.• Lord Siva called by name trinetrudu.• Chanting the names of Aswinis, sukanya, chyavana, etc sages

improves vision. • Getting control over eye one can open Gnana Netra, they will get

Atma gnana & Kala gnana eg: Vivekananda, Valmiki etc.

Mythological Aspects

• INDIA is the 1st Nation started “National program to control blindness” in the year 1976.

• Sir C.P. Brown who invented Brailey Script for the welfare of blind persons eg: Civils Winner From Chennai-Nl Benozephine.

Sympathy Towards Blind

• Organizations like Lions club, Red cross..etc are educating the people about eye care & eye donation.

• The greatest sympathy is “Eye Donation”, a person give vision to two blind persons.

• The surgery named ‘ Keratoplasty’ is gods’ gift to the blind.

Sympathy Towards Blind

• The ultimate goal of life is “Moksha” , is attained by performing Dharma, Artha & Kama.

• The one with “Arogya” only attain them, for which one has to become “swastha”.

Conclusion

Moksha Prasanna atma Prasanna mana Prasanna indriya

Samadhatu Malakriya Samadosha Samagni

Samtula Ahara & Vihara Vision

• Eye is most sensitive & dominant functionally over other sense organs .

• Acting as a diagnostic tool & effected by many diseases, its important pathologically.

• Mutlidimentions in its treatment its important therapeutically. • One visual gives thousand words of expression.• Sarvatantra sammatatva ( universal acceptance by all sciences)

& Sarva Loka Adhara bhuta (universal dependence) by having these two characters eye becomes supreme of all senses.

• “Sarvendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam” in my view it should be “Sarva Gnanendriyanam Nayanam Pradhanam”.

Conclusion