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Sashi Na 1. Dabarun Tantancewa
OFISHIN YA{AR TA’ADDANCI DA MAGANCE TSAURARAN RA’AYOYI
Rahoton Yanki Game da Ta’addanci Na Shekarar 2015
Rahoto
SASHI NA 1
DABARUN TANTANCEWA
Har yanzu, ta’addanci na ya]uwa, matu}a, a duniya, a shekarar 2015, inda yake
watsuwa da kuma yin ~arna. {ungiyoyin ta’addanci na ci gaba da samun galabar
yin amfani da rashin cibiyoyin gwamnati, }warara, inda ake toshe kafofin bayyana
albarkacin baki, cikin lumana, ba tare da wani takunkumi ba, ko rashin yin adalci,
da kuma inda jami’an tsaro ke cin mutuncin al’umma, yayinda gwamnati ke cin
hanci da rashawa, babu kama hannun yaro.
{ungiyar Masu Da’awah da Musulunci ta {asar Iraq, da kuma {ungiyar Levant,
watau (ISIL), sun kasance }adangaren bakin tulu, ga }asashen duniya, inda suke
da rundunoni, masu }arfi, a }asashen Iraq da Syria, ciki har da manyan }ungiyoyin
dakarun ta’addanci na }asashen waje. {arfin }ungiyar ta ISIL, da yankunan da ta
mamaye, a }asashen na Iraq da Syria, sun wuce misali, a shekarar 2015, amma, ya
zuwa rabin shekarar ta 2015, }ungiyar ta fara sanyi. {ungiyar ta ISIL ba ta da wata
tabbatattar nasara, a fagen faman na }asashen na Iraq da Syria, sai bayan da watan
Mayu ya wuce. A }arshen shekarar ta 2015, kashi 40, cikin 100, na yankunan na
}ungiyar ta ISIL, an }wato su, ya zuwa farkon shekarar. A }asar Syria, sojojin sa-
kai, sun kori dakarun na }ungiyar ta ISIL, daga manyan garuruwa, da dama, tare da
toshe hanyoyinsu, na mu’amala da manyan yankunan }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake
garuruwan Raqqa da Mosul, sun kuma mamaye kusan kashi 11, cikin 100, na
yankuna da }ungiyar ta ISIL ta mamaye. Wannan galabar ta nuna }arfin gwamnati,
na ha]a kan yi wa ta’addanci taron-dangi.
Wannan rashin da }ungiyar ta ISIL ta yi, na yankunanta, da kuma mamayar da ta
yi wa }asashen na Iraq da Syria, a shekarar 2015, ya kuma rage yawan ku]a]en da
take da shi. {ungiyar ta ISIL, ta dogara ne da }arfafa yin }wace da kuma tsawwala
ku]a]en “haraji” ga jama’ar yankin da suka mamaye, kazalika da sauran hanyoyin
samun dukiya, irin su fasa-}waurin mai, da satar jama’a, domin kar~ar diyya, da
kai samame, da satar kayayyakin tarihi da kuma fasa-}waurinsu, da gudunmawar
}asashen waje, da kuma fataucin bil adama. Rundunar ha]in kan kai hari daga
sararin samaniya, ga cibiyoyin makamashin }ungiyar ta ISIL – irin matatun mai,
na zamani, da tankunan ajiyar fetur, da kuma wuraren tara ]anyen mai – kazalika
da wuraren ajiyar ku]a]e. Wa]annan hare-haren, sun gurgunta }ungiyar ta ISIL,
matu}a, bisa ga }o}arinta ta tara ku]a]e. {asar Amirka, tare da }o}arin }asashen
duniya, ciki har da Majalisar [inkin Duniya, UN, sun kai farmaki ga harkokin
fasa-}wauri da sayar da kayayyakin tarihin na }ungiyar ta ISIL, inda suka }ara
wargaza duk wata kafarta, ta samun ku]a]e.
Ya zuwa }arshen shekarar ta 2015, dakarun }ungiyar ta ISIL, sun yi ta kai hare-
hare kan }asashen Faransa, da Lebanon, da kuma Turkey, inda suka nuna }arfin
}ungiyar, na yin ~arna, a wajen }asashen na Iraq da Syria, da ma tona asirin rashin
tsaron kan iyakoki tsaron }asashen duniya. An kuma kai irin wa]annan hare-haren
ne, bisa }o}arin nuna wata nasara, dangane da irin asarar da }ungiyar ta yi, a
yankunan }asashen Iraq da Syria.
Tare kuma da }ungiyar ta ISIL, }ungiyar al-Qa’ida (AQ), da sauran rassansu, sun
ci gaba da }ara mayar hankali kan kai hare-haren da suka cin ]imbin rayuka.
Wannan ya ha]a da hare-hare kan otel-otel na duniya, dake }asashen Burkina
Faso, da Mali, da kuma Tunisia; da sauran fitattun wuraren jama’a; da kuma jefa
bom kan jirgin {asar Rasha. An tsara makircin hakan ne, domin a tozarta tsaron
tattalin arziki, da kuma dakushe mutuncin gwamnatoci, da haddasa }arin rashin
jittuwa, a tsakanin addinai da kuma masu bauta.
A shekarar 2015, }ungiyar ta ISIL ta sace, ta kuma ci gaba da yi wa mata fya]e, da
ma cin mutuncin dubban mata da }ananan yaran da wa]ansu bai kai shekaru
takwas da haihuwa ba. Sun sayar da mata da }ananan yara, da bautar da su, da
rarraba su ga dakarun }ungiyar ta ISIL, a matsayin ganimar ya}i, ko tilasta aurar
da su, ko bautar da su, ko su ri}a cin zarafinsu, da yi ma su fya]e. {ungiyara ta
ISIL ta bu]e wata “kasuwar” da take sayar da mata da }ananan yara, sun kuma
zayyana dokokin irin yadda za a ri}a mu’amala da bayi mata. Haka ma, }ungiyar
Boko Haram ta sace mata da budurwowi, a arewacin Nijeriya, wa]anda aka ri}a
bautarwa, da sanya su nau’ukan bauta, da fya]e, da tilasta ma su yin aure da
dakarunta. (Don }arin bayani, a bincika Fataucin Bil Adama na Shekarar 2015, a
shafin yanar-gizo ma suna: http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/index.htm.)
Kodayake dai }ungiyar ta ISIL ba ta furta ba, amma ita ce ke da alhakin ]imbin
hare-haren da ake kai wa, da makamai masu guba, a }asashen Iraq da Syria, ciki
har da garin hodar sulfur mustard da aka kai a garin Marea, a ranar 21 ga watan
Agustan 2015. {asar Amirka ta ha]a hannu, kan taron-dangin }alubalantar
}ungiyar ta ISIL, domin wargaza makamanta masu guba, kazalika da hana wa
}ungiyar ta ISIL, da ma sauran ire-irensu, wata dama, ta samun makamai masu
guba da linzami, da ma kayayyakin harha]a nukiliyar (CBRN), da masaniyar
nazari da kuma }arfafa }o}arin gwamnatocin yankin, na ganowa da wargazawa,
da kuma mayar da martini, yadda ya kamata, ga duk wani abinda ake tuhumar na
da ala}a da harkar ta nukiliyar CBRN.
Yayinda }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta rasa yankunanta, dake }asashen Iraq da Syria, a rabin
}arshen shekarar ta 2015, sai kuma ta samu galabar rashin zaman lafiya, a {asar
Libya. A cewar wata majiya, an }iyasta reshen }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake }asar ta
Libya, yana da dakarun da suka tasam ma dubu biyar. {ungiyar ta fa]a]a
yankunanta, dake Sirte, da ma kewayen bakin ruwa. Har ila yau, ta kai hare-hare
kan zirin rijiyoyin mai, na }asar ta Libya, da kuma yankin Sabratha, dake kusa da
kan iyaka da {asar Tunisia. Amma }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta kuma tabka asara, a
artabun da ta ri}a yi, da }ungiyoyin sojojin dake {asar Libya, musamman, a
gabashin garin Darnah.
Reshen }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake Tsibirin Sinai, na {asar Masar (Lardin }ungiyar ta
ISIL, a Sinai, ko kuma ISIL-SP), watau ISIL-SP ya yi ta }ara kai hare-hare, ga
sojojin }asar ta Masar, inda ya nemi ya nuna ma su bajinsa, da }warewar kai
miyagun hare-hare, a Arewacin garin Sinai, dake Sheikh Zuweid, a cikin watan
Yuli. Har ila yau, }ungiyar ta furta alhakin wani ta’addanci, na harbor jirgin ya}in
{asar Rasha, samfurin Metrojet 9286, a watan Oktobar 2015, wanda ya kashe
fasinjoji 224, da ma’aikatansa bakwai.
A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 2015, }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta fito fili, ta bayyana cewa,
ta }ulla wani barancen da ta kira ISIL-Khorasan (ISIL-K), a }asashen Afghanistan
da Pakistan. A kuma }arshen shekara, }ungiyar ta mayar da hankali kan kai
manyan hare-hare ga gwamnatin Afghanistan da farar hula, dama, }ungiyar ta
kuma ]auki alhakin wa]ansu ‘yan }ananan hare-hare, a yankunan }asar ta
Pakistan. {awancen na ISIL-K, ya ]an mamaye kudancin Lardin Nangarhar, dake
}asar ta Afghanistan, amma, ]an martanin da gwamnatin ta Afghanistan ta kai, bai
da yawa, kuma Sojojin Taron-dangi, da na }ungiyar Taliban, ba su bayar da wani
taimakon da ya kamata ba, ga jama’ar yankin.
{ungiyoyin dake da ala}a da }ungiyar ta ISIL, sun kuma ~ulla, a sauran yankuna,
na Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Afrika, da Arewacin Kabilar Caucasus na {asar Rasha, da
Kudu maso Gabashin Asia, da kuma Kudancin Asia, kodayake dangantakar dake
tsakanin mafi yawan }ungiyoyin da shugabannin }ungiyar ta ISIL, suna ne, a mafi
yawan lokutta. Wa]annan }ungiyoyin, da dama, sun ~alle ne, daga tarin
}ungiyoyin ta’addanci, na da, dake da manufa guda, da ba su da }arfin }ungiyar ta
ISIL.
A watan Maris, }ungiyar ta’addancin dake Nijeriya, watau Boko Haram, ta
bayyana barrantarta ga }ungiyar ta ISIL. A shekarar 2015, }ungiyar ta Boko
Haram, ta kashe dubban mutane, ta kuma kore dubban ]aruruwa, dake yankin
Fadamar Tabkin Chad, dake Afrika. Sojojin taron-dangi, na yanki, sun taka rawar
gani, a shekarar ta 2015, wajen }wato yankunan da }ungiyar ta mamaye,
musamman, lokacin da aka za~i Shugaba Buhari, na Nijeriya, amma, }ungiyar ta
Boko Haram ta }ara mayar da martini, da yin amfani da wa]ansu irin hare-hare,
masu kama ]aya. Abinda ya muni shine, }ungiyar ta Boko Haram, ta ci gaba da
kuma }ara yawan abubuwan da take yi, ta yin amfani da mata da }ananan yara,
wajen }unar ba}in-wake.
Bayan }ungiyoyin barancen, }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta ~ullo da hare-haren da wa]ansu
ko kuma }ungiyoyi ke kai wa, a shekarar ta 2015, a garuruwa, da dama, a fa]in
duniya. Farfagandar }ungiyar ta ISIL, da ma yin amfani da kafofin yanar-gizo, sun
haddasa sabuwar }alubale ga }o}arin ya}ar ta’addanci. Kamfanoni kan yun}ura
wajen hana wa }ungiyar ta ISIL yin amfani da shafukan yanar-gizo, ta hanyar
matsa lambar tilasta yin amfani da sharu]]an dake keta dokokin kamfanonin.
Shafin Twitter ya bayar da rahoto, a 2015 cewa, ta fara dakatar da duk wani damar
da ake amfani da ita, wajen yin barazana da kuma yayata hare-haren ta’addanci,
musamman wa]anda suka ji~inci taimako ga }ungiyar ta ISIL.
Yayinda manyan shugabannin }ungiyar AQ suka farga, tuni har }ungiyar ta zama
abin barazana da kuma ci gaba da kasancewa, wani dandalin da ake kururuta kafa
ha]a]]iyar }ungiyoyin, ciki har da }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, a Zirin Yankin Larabawa,
watau (AQAP); da al-Qa’ida ya Yankin Maghreb, watau (AQIM); da Rundunar al-
Nusrah; da ta al-Shabaab, da kuma }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, dake ‘yan }ananan
yankunan India. Zullumin dake tsakanin }ungiyoyin AQ da ISIL ya yi }amari a
yankuna da dama, a cikin shekarar 2015, mai yiwuwa kuma ya }aru, a yankuna da
dama na }ungiyar ta AQ, idan ta nemi nuna muhimmancinta.
{ungiyar ta AQAP har yanzu tana da tasiri, a {asar Yemen, da yankin, da kuma
{asar Amirka, domin irin tashin hankalin dake faruwa, a wannan }asar, na
dakushe duk wani }o}arin da ake yi, na }alubalantar }ungiyar. {ungiyar ISIS da
Alayenta, a {asar Iraq, ta kuma yin amfani da irin gi~in da aka bari, kan harkokin
siyasa da tsaro, domin }arfafa ri}on da take yi, a cikin }asar.
Dukan }o}arin da {asar Faransa da kuma sojojin rundunar yanki ke yi – kamar
}asashen Chad da Nijar – na matu}ar dakushe }arfin }ungiyar ta AQIM da ta al-
Murabitun, dake arewacin {asar Mali da ma zuwa tsallaken yankin Sahel. Amma,
a cikin 2015, wa]annan }ungiyoyin sun gudanar da dabarun ya}i, iri ]aya, ta yin
amfani da sauran }ungiyoyin da suka rage, a yankin na arewacin {asar Mali.
{ungiyar ta AQIM, ta }ara yawan hare-haren da take kai wa kan Rundunar
Tabbatar da Zaman Lumanar Yankuna, a }asar ta Mali. Ya zuwa }arshen shekara,
}ungiyar ta AQIM, ta kuma karkata hare-harenta kan gidajen otel-otel dake
}asashen Mali da Burkina Faso.
A Gabashin Afrika, }ungiyar al-Shabaab na ci gaba da kai miyagun hare-hare, a
{asar Somalia, inda suke neman mai aiki baya, kan irin nasarar da Gwamnatin
Tarayyar {asar Somalia ta samu na raunana harkokin siyasar sojojin gudunmawar
}asashe, ta Ha]a]]iyar Rundunar {ungiyar {asashen Afrika, dake }asar ta
Somalia, watau (AMISOM). A farkon rabin shekarar 2015, }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab
ta kai hare-hare a kan iyakar arewacin {asar Kenya, ciki har da wanda ta kai a
Jami’ar Garissa, a cikin Afrilu, inda ta hallaka kusan mutane 150. Bisa ga irin
yadda hare-haren na }asar ta Kenya suka ragu, a rabin }arshen shekarar ta 2015, an
bayar da rahoton }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab ta dage kan ]aukar dakaru da kuma
samun dukiyoyi, a ]aukacin yankuna kudu da tsakiyar }asar ta Somalia.
Sojojin yankin, daga }asashen Burundi, da Djibouti, da Habasha, da Kenya, da
kuma Uganda, sun ci gaba da bayar da gudunmawar sojoji ga rundunar ta
AMISOM, a shekarar 2015, duk da ]imbin yawan jama’ar da }ungiyar ta al-
Shabaab ta kassara, da kuma ]aruruwan sojojin rundunar ta AMISOM, da ta kashe.
Bisa ga taimakon {asar Amirka, da ha]in gwiwar sojojin {asar Somali, rundunar
ta AMISOM, ta ci gaba da matsa lamba kan }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, da kuma
gurgunta duk wani mamayen da }ungiyar ta yi, a sassan }asar ta Somalia. Wani
yun}uri na musamman da rundunar ta AMISOM, ta sojojin }asashen Habasha da
Kenya ta yi, ya tarwatsa }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab daga manyan wuraren da ta
mamaye, a kudancin {asar Somalia, a rabin }arshen shekarar 2015. Amma,
}ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, ta ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan sansanonin bakin dagar
rundunar ta AMISOM, wanda ya raunata sojojin na rundunar ta AMISOM, ya
kuma dakatar da hare-haren da take kai wa.
* * *
Bugu da }arin irin yun}urin da ake yi, na dakushe wa]annan }ungiyoyi, }asashen
dake wa]annan wuraren, a duniya, suna bayar da himmar aiwatar da manyan
canje-canje, na magance kwararowar duk wani dakaren wata }ungiyar ta’addanci
daga waje, da kuma daga yankunan da ake tashe-tashen hankula, da ma }ara
yawan kai farmakin }alubalantar ta’addanci.
Yarjejeniyar Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar [inkin Duniya, (UNSCR), ta 2178 –
wadda aka amincewa, a wanit toron na Kwamitin Tsaron na Majalisar [inkin
Duniya, a cikin watan Satumbar 2014, a }ar}ashin shugabancin Shugaba Obama –
ya bayar da wa]ansu sharu]]an tabbatar da wannan }o}arin, tare da }asashen
dake yun}urin inganta }arfinsu, na }alubalantar matsalolin dakarun ta’addanci na
}asashen waje. Har ila yau, }asashen dake }awance da juna, sun aiwatar da sanya
takunkumi ga }ungiyar ta ISIL, bisa ga shawarar da Majalisar [inkin Duniya ta
yanke, mai lamba UN 1267/1989/2253, kan reshen }ungiyar ta ISIL, mai suna
(Da’esh), da ma harkokin }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, wadda ta sanya dukan }asashen suka
ri}e ]aukacin dukiyoyi da kuma hana duk wanda ke da ala}a da }ungiyar ta AQ,
shiga cikin }asashensu, ciki har da }ungiyar ISIL. A watan Fabrairu, kwamitin
tsaron na UNSC ya amince da yarjejeniyar tsaron ta UNSCR, ta 2199, domin
dakushe }ungiyoyin na ISIL, da rundunar al-Nusrah, da kuma sauran }ungiyoyin
dake tallafa wa }ungiyar ta AQ da ku]a]e, da mayar da hankali kan dakatar da
}ungiyar ci gaba da fasa-}waurin mai, da satar jama’a don samun diyya, da kuma
}azamin fataucin kayayyakin tarihi, daga {asar Syria. A ranar 3 ga watan
Disamba, kowane {awancen Dake Duniya, ya sake jaddada himmarsa, ta
}alubalantar yadda }ungiyar ta ISIL ke samun ku]a]enta, a wata sanarwar ha]in
gwiwar da suka bayar, a taron Ha]in Gwiwar Wakilan na Duniya, da aka yi, a
Birnin Brussels.
Gaba ]aya, }asashen 45 sun zartar da kuma sabunta duk wata doka, domin }ara
ganowa da kuma gurfanar da duk wani dakaren }ungiyoyin ta’addanci. An bayar
da rahoton }asashe 35, sun kame, da kuma gurfanar da dakarun ‘yan ta’adda 12.
{asar Turkey – wata }asar dake tsaka-mai-wuya, waje kwararowar dakarun
}ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda – ta yawaita tsarewa, da kamawa, da kuma gurfanar da
wa]anda ake tuhuma da kasancewa dakaren }ungiyar ta’addanci, da }ara yawan
musayar bayananta, da sauran }asashen duniya, da kuma ]aukar wa]ansu matakai,
na inganta harkokin tsaron kan iyakokinta. Ya zuwa }arshen shekarar 2015, {asar
Amirka, ta shimfi]a wa]ansu hanyoyin musayar bayanai, da }asashen duniya fiye
da 50, domin taimaka wa }o}arin ganowa da bincikowa da kuma hana tafiye-
tafiyen wa]anda ake tuhuma da ayyukan ta’addanci.
Har ila yau, {asar Amirka, na ci gaba da }ulla zumuntar }ara }arfi tsaron kan
iyakoki, da kawar da duk wani cikas ga harkokin tsaron da ake da su, da daidaita
bincikowa, da hanawa, da kuma bayar da rahoton tafiye-tafiyen duk wani ]an
ta’adda. An kuma samu }arin ha]in kan juna, tsakanin }asashe, wajen }ara yawan
jerin sunayen wa]anda ake zargi da ta’addanci, da kuma }ara musayar bayanai,
amma, har yanzu, da sauran aiki.
Musamman, a cikin watan Disamba, {ungiyar EU, ta ]auki wa]ansu matakan
sanin Sunayen Fasinjojin Dake Shawagi a {asasahen {ungiyar ta EU, (PNR), tare
da yin yarjejeniya, tsakaninta da majalisun }asashe, kan zayyana wani batun da zai
bukaci jiragen haya, da su bayar da bayanai game da fasinjojin dake zirga-zirga a
]aukacin }asashen na {ungiyar ta EU, da kuma rarraba wa]annan bayanai, a
tsakanin }asashen }ungiyar ta EU. A shekarar ta 2015, an kafa wata Cibiyar
{alubalantar Ta’addanci, a {asashen Turai, a Rundunar Europol, da ma fa]a]a
duk wata dabarar musayar bayanai, game da zirga-zirgar dakarun ‘yan ta’adda.
Shugaba Obama ya kira wani Babban Taro, kan {alubalantar Tsauraran Ra’ayoyi,
a watan Fabrairun 2015, inda fiye da }asashe 60, da }ungiyoyin 12, da kuma
wakilan }ungiyoyin al’umma, da na kasuwanci da addinai, suka }addamar da wani
}o}arin “sha kundun na al’ummar” duniya, wajen }o}arin fuskantar duk wani
al’amarin dake ruruta tashin hankalin tsauraran ra’ayoyi. Taron ya fito da bukatun
cikakkar fuskantar abubuwan da za su dakushe ci gaban }ungiyoyin masu
tsauraran ra’ayoyi, da rigakafin sababbin dake tasowa. {asashen Algeria, da
Australia, da Kazakhstan, da Kenya, da Mauritania, da kuma Norway, sun kira irin
wannan taron na yankuna, da aka kira Tarurrukan CVE, a shekarar 2015, domin
janyo }arin }asashe, da gwamnatocin yankuna, da }ungiyoyin al’umma da
kamfanoni, wajen shiga ga harkar rigakafin magance tsauraran ra’ayoyin. {asashe,
da dama, sun fito da wani Shiri na Tsare-tsaren Taron na CVE, domin samun ci
gaba. Ta ~angaren Babban Taron Majalisar [inkin Duniya kuma, ]aukacin masu
unguwannin lardunan dake fa]in duniya, sun }addamar da wata sabuwar
Gagarumar {ungiyar Ha]in Kan Birane, a watan Satumbar 2015, domin ganowa
da kuma musayar bayanan yankuna, kan muhimman hanyoyin kawo ha]in kan
kyautata jin da]in al’umma, da jajircewa ga magance tsauraran ra’ayoyi.
* * * *
{asar Iran na kan gaba, wajen taimaka wa ayyukan ta’addanci, a shekarar 2015,
inda take taimaka wa al’amurra da dama, ciki har da bayar da ku]a]e, da horo, da
kayayyakin aiki, ga }ungiyoyin dake fa]in duniya – musamman }ungiyar
Hizballah. {asar Iran na ci gaba da }ara shiga harkokin tayar da hankula a {asar
Syria, inda take ha]a hannu da gwamnatin Asad, wajen }alubalantar ‘yan
hamayyar }asar ta Syria, da kuma a {asar Iraq, inda }asar ta Iran ke ci gaba da
taimaka wa ‘yan tawaye, ciki har da }ungiyar ‘yan ta’addan waje, ta Kata’ib
Hizballah. Bugu da }ari, an same ta hannu kan bayar da taimakon irin hare-haren
da ‘yan hamayya, na }ungiyar mabiya addinin Shia ke hai wa, a {asar Bahrain.
{asar ta Iran na da hannu a cikin }o}arin da }ungiyar ta Hizballah ke yi, na
aiwatar da ta’asa, a duniya, kamar yadda aka yi nuni da ~arnar da }ungiyar ta
Hizballah ta yi a {asar Peru, a shekarar 2014, da kuma a {asar Cyprus, a shekarar
2015.
OFISHIN {ALUBALANTAR TA’ADDANCI DA TSAURARAN RA’AYOYI
Rahoton Yanki Kan Ta’addanci na Shekarar 2015
Rahoto
AFRIKA
Afrika sun yi fama da munanan ayyukan ‘yan ta’adda, a shekara 2015. A Afrika ta
Gabas, ‘yan ta’addan al-Shabaab dake zaune a {asar Somalia, suna nuna taurin kai
da sake ~ullo da jerin manyan abubuwan dake kawo koma-bayan da ake fama da
shi, a farkon rabin shekarar 2015, wa]anda suka ha]a da mutuwar manyan dakaru,
da kuma }wace manyan wuraren baje-koli, a sassan kudu-maso-tsakiyar {asar
Somalia. Duk da wannan asarar, Rundunar {ungiyar {asashen Afrika, dake {asar
Somalia, (AMISOM), ta yi ta artabu da }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, domin }ungiyar
‘yan ta’addan na ci gaba da }ara yawaita hare-harenta. A cikin shekarar, wani
~angaren da ya ware, ya }ara kawo rarrrabuwar }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake {asar Iraq,
wajen kakkafa ~angarori, a shugabancin }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab. {ungiyar ta ci
gaba da rike }awancenta da }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, amma, duk da kiraye-kirayen da
sauran }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’addan Afrika ke yi, na da su ha]e da }ungiyar ta ISIL.
An kafa wani sabon dandalin baje-kolin }ungiyar ta Al-Shabaab, aka kuma ci gaba
da kai hare-hare da }onar ba}in-wake, a {asar Somalia, wa]anda mafi yawansu, a
Filin Jirgin Saman Birnin Mogadishu ne, da ofisoshin gwamnatin }asar ta Somali,
da wa]ansu sanannun gidajen otel-otel, da ma ‘yan kasuwa. Yayinda ake mayar da
hankali kan kai hari ga wa]ansu wuraren, a wajen }asar ta Somalia, musamman a
}asashen dake bayar da gudunmawar dakarun Rundunar AMISOM, }ungiyar al-
Shabaab ta yi }o}arin haramta Gwamnatin Tarayyar {asar Somalia, da raunana
}o}arin rundunar ta AMISOM, na yanke shawarar kai manyan hare-hare da dama,
kan rudunar ta AMISOM, a sansanoninta dake kudancin }asar ta Somalia, da
kashe ]aruruwan sojojin rundunar ta AMISOM, da sojojin {asar Somalia.
{asashen Djibouti, da Habasha, da kuma Uganda, ba su sha wahalar harin na
}ungiyar ta al-Shabaab ba, a shekarar 2015, amma, {asar ta fi ]an]ana ku]arta,
game da tarihin hare-haren, na watan Afrilu, lokacin da }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab ta
kai wani farmaki a Kolejin Jami’ar Garissa, inda suka yi amfani da }ananan
makamai, da kuma rigunan nakiyar }unar ba}in-wake, inda suka kashe jama’ar
{asar Kenya, fiye da 145, wa]anda mafi yawansu ]alibai ne.
{asar Amirka na ci gaba da tallafa wa }arfin }alubalantar ta’addanci, a ko’ina a
yankin Zirin {asashen Larabawar Afrika, ciki har da inganta harkokin rundunar
AMISOM, da bayar da gudunmawar bun}asawa da kuma }warewar harkokin
tsaron }asar ta Somalia, da ma inganta aiwatar da tilasta bin dokoki, a yankin. Bisa
ga harin da aka kai, a Kolejin Jami’ar Garissa, a shekarar 2015, {asar Kenya da
sauran }asashen Gabashin Afrika, sun sake mayar da hankali ga }o}arin tabbatar
da tsare kan iyakokinsu, kazalika da ganowa, da kuma hanawwa, da ma
tarwatsawa, da bincikawa, da gurfanar da duk wanda ake zargi da aikata
ta’addanci. A watan Satumba, Sojojin {asar Kenya, sun kai wani hari a Birnin
Linda Boni, dake arewacin gabar tekun }asar ta Kenya, da nufin }o}arta kawar da
ayyukan }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, a dajin Boni, wani sansanin gudanar da munanan
harkokin }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab zuwa tsallaken sauran }asashe.
A Fadamar Tabkin Chad kuwa, gwamnatocin }asashen Nijeriya, da Chad, da
Cameroon, da ma Nijar, sun ]auki matakai da dama, a shekarar ta 2015, na }ara
yawan }alubalantar hare-haren }ungiyar Boko Haram. An yi }o}arin samun
nasarar }ulla zumunci da dangantaka, a tsakanin rundunonin sojojin yankin, domin
}alubalantar yankunan da }ungiyar ta Boko Haram ta mamaye, inda aka tilasta ma
ta, har ta yi watsi da duk wata mummunar farfagandar soja, ta koma ga kai hari,
bai-]aya, a cikin ’yan shekarun da suka wuce. Duk da wannan koma-bayan ta
samu, }ungiyar ta Boko Haram, ta dage da ci gaba da kai hari kan sojoji. {ungiyar
ta sace jama’a, da dama, da kashe-kashen rayuka, da saka boma-bomai (ciki har da
sa }ananan yara yin }unar ba}in-wake), da hare-hare kan farar hula da sansanonin
sojoji,a duk fa]in yankin na Fadamar Tabkin Chad, abinda ya kawo rashin rayukan
dubban jama’a, da raunuka da ma lalata ]aukacin dukiyoyin dake wurin. A
Nijeriya, jihohin arewa maso gabashi, irin su Adamawa, da Borno, da kuma Yobe,
sun fi shan wahalolin hare-haren ta’addancin. Har ila yau, }ungiyar ta Boko
Haram, ta tsallaka zuwa ma}wabtan dake arewaci }asashen Cameroon, da Chad,
da ma kudu maso gabashin }asar Nijar. A watan Maris, }ungiyar ta Boko Haram,
ta yi alkwarin barance ga }ungiyar ISIL, a cikin sa}on wani faifai da suka aike.
Don kuma }alubalantar duk wani }o}arin hada-hadar ta }ungiyar ta Boko Haram,
a Fadamar ta Tabkin Chad, }asashen Benin, da Cameroon, da Chad, da Nijar, da
ma Nijeriya, sun ha]a wata Rundunar Sojojin Wucin-gadi, ta }asashen.
Farmakin Sojojin {asar Faransa, mai suna Barkhane, wanda wata }alubale ce, kan
mayar da hankali ga harkokin ‘yan ta’adda, a yankin Sahel, ya ci gaba, kuma wata
gudunmawa ta Rundunar Tabbatar da Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar [inkin Duniya, a
{asar Mali, ta }ara ma sa }aimi, da tabbatar da zaman lafiyar }asar.
{AWANCEN {ALUBALANTAR TA’ADDANCI A YANKIN SAHARA
{asar Amirka ce ta bayar da ku]a]en kafa Rundunar {awancen {alubalantar
Ta’addanci a Yankin Sahara (TSCTF), a 2005, ta kuma aiwatar da ita, ta kowane
fanni, da ma }o}arin bun}asa ayyukanta da ha]in kan sojoji, na shekaru da dama,
da tilasta bin dokoki, da shigowar farar hula, a dukan fa]in Arewa da Yammacin
Afrika, domin }alubalantar ta’addanci. Fannonin taimakon sun ha]a da:
1. Tabbatarwa da bun}asa }arfin sojojin Arewa da Yammacin Afrika, da tilasta
bin dokoki, wajen gudanar da harkokin magance ayyukan ta’addanci;
2. Ha]e kan sojojin Arewa da Yammacin Afrika, da tilasta bin dokoki, da
sauran taimakon }awaye, da ma gudanar da dukan wani }o}arin da ya shafi
}alubalantar ta’addanci, tare, a yankin;
3. Inganta }arin tsaron kan iyakoki, da kulawa da su, da hanawa da kuma dates
duk wata zirga-zirgar ‘yan ta’adda;
4. {arfafa dokoki, ciki har da yin adalci, da inganta tilasta bin dokoki, wajen
ganowa da dakushewa, da mayar da martini, da bincikawa, da ma gurfanar
da duk wanda ake tuhuma da aikata laifin ta’addanci;
5. Kulawa da }alubalanta yadda ‘yan ta’adda ke samun ku]a]e, (irin wa]ana
suka shafi satar mutane, don samun diyya); da kuma
6. Rage tausayawa da taimakon da al’umma ke yi, game da tsauraran ra’ayoyi.
{awayen Rundunar ta TSCTP, sun ha]a da }asashen Algeria, da Burkina Faso, da
Cameroon, da Chad, da Mali, da Mauritania, da Morocco, da Nijar, da Nijeriya, da
Senegal, da kuma Tunisia.
Rundunar ta TSCTP, ta bun}asa da kuma samun ha]in kai, duk da koma-bayan da
ta samu, na rashin kwanciyar hankalin harkokin siyasa, da tarzomar masu tsauraran
ra’ayoyi, da tawayen kabilanci, da kuma wa]ansu manya-manyan abubuwan da
suka shafi tsarin mulkin dake dagula ayyuka da ci gaba, a wa]ansu }asashen
}awayen.
Ha]in kan yanki, da dabarun aiwatar da tsare-tsaren taimakon da {asar Amirka ke
bayarwa, a duniya, ya bun}asa a yankunan Yammaci da kuma Tsakiyar Afrika, a
tsakanin }awayen wannan runduna ta TSCTP. Nijeriya da ma}wabtanta, sun
amince da su kafa wata Rundunar Sojojin Wucin-gadi, na maganin }ungiyar Boko
Haram, da kasancewa cikin shirin artabu da duk wata }ungiyar dake yankin.
{awayen rundunar ta TSCTP, sun shiga cikin wannan }o}arin, ta hannun
{ungiyar Afrika, da kuma {asar Benin, wadda ba wakiliya ba ce, a rundunar ta
TSCTP.
OFISHIN YA{I DA {ALUBALANTAR TA’ADDANCI DA TSAURARAN
RA’AYOYI
Rahoton Yanki Kan Ta’addanci na Shekarar 2015
Rahoto
SASHE NA 3
{ASASHEN DAKE GOYON BAYAN TA’ADDANCI
Kafin a bayyana cewa, ga wata }asa dake taimaka wa ayyukan ta’addanci, dole, sai
Sakataren Gwamnati ya tabbatar da wannan }asar ta na ci gaba da goyon bayan
irin wannan ta’asar, a harkokin ta’addancin duniya. Da zarar an amince da haka, to,
ta kasance {asar Dake Taimaka wa Ta’addanci, har sai lokacin da ta bari, bisa ga
sharu]]an da aka gindaya. An sanya takunkumi, da dama, a sakamakon amincewar
da aka yi cewa, irin abubuwan da }asar mai taimaka wa ta’addancin, ba za ta sake
samun galaba ba, kan abubuwan da suka ha]a da:
Haramcin saye da sayar da wa]ansu makamai;
Zura idanu kan sayar sayo kayayyakin da ake sake sarrafawa, wa]anda ke
bukata kwanaki 30, kafin Majalisar {asa ta tantance su, ko kuma kayayyaki
da hidimar da za ta iya bun}asa }arfin sojan }asar, ko kuma }o}arinta na
taimaka wa ta’addanci;
Hana ta duk wani taimako na tattalin arziki; da
Saka ma ta takunkumin harkokin ku]a]e da sauransu.
Ana iya soke sunan duk wata }asa bisa ga wa]ansu sharu]]a biyu.
Shara]i na farko na bukatar Shugaban {asa ya bayar da wani rahoto ga Majalisar
{asa, kafin ya gabatar da a soke sunan, wanda ke bukatar da sai an tantaunce
cewa:
Akwai wani gagarumin canjin da shugabanci da kuma manufofin gwamnatin }asar
suka yi.
Gwamnatin ba ta goyon bayan duk wani al’amari game da ta’addanci a duniya, da
kuma
Gwamnatin ta bayar da tabbacin ba za ta goyi bayan duk wani al’amarin
ta’addancin duniya ba, nan gaba.
[ayan shara]in shine, Shugaban {asa zai bayar da wani rahoto ga Majaliar
{asa, kwanaki 45, kafin ya bukaci da a soke sunan }asa, daga ranar da aka
tantance cewa:
Gwamnatin da abin ya shafa, ba ta bayar da wani goyon baya ga harkokin
ta’addancin duniya ba, a cikin watanni shida da suka wuce, sai kuma
Gwamnatin da abin ya shafa, ta bayar da tabbacin cewa, ba za ta yi wani
yun}uri a, na taimaka wa ta’addanci, a duniya, nan gaba.
Wannan rahoton ya gutsuro wa]ansu al’amurra ne, a shekarar 2015, wa]anda ke
da ala}a da }asashen da aka bayyana sunayensu, a matsayin Masu Taimaka wa
Ta’addanci; bai kuma }unshi sababbin sanarwa ba, game da sauuran wa]anda aka
sanya sunayensu. Mai yiwuwa akwai }arin bayanai game da {asashen Dake
Taimaka wa Ta’addanci, a shafin yanar-gizo mai suna:
http://www.state.gov/j/ct/c14151.htm.
IRAN
A matsayinta na }asar dake taimaka wa ta’addanci, a 1984, {asar Iran ta ci gaba
da gudanar da harkokin ta’addancinta, a shekarar 2015, ciki har da rahoto game da
}ungiyoyin Hizballah, da na }ungiyoyin ta’addanci na Falas]inawa dake yankin
Gaza, da sauran }ungiyoyin dake }asar ta Iraq da ma fa]in yankin Gabas ta
Tsakiya. A shekarar 2015, }asar ta Iran ta }ara yawan taimakon da take bai wa
}ungiyoyin ta’addancin mabiya addinin Shi’a na }asar Iraqi, ciki har da }ungiyar
Kata’ib Hizballah (KH), wadda {asar Amirka ta sanya sunanta, a cikin
{ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya, a bisa ga wani }o}arin da ake yi, na ya}ar
}ungiyar ISIL, dake }asar ta Iraq, da bun}asa gwamnatin Asad, dake {asar in
Syria. {asar Iran ta yi amfani da Dakarun Rundunar Juyin Juya-halin Addinin
Musulunci, (IRGC-QF), wajen aiwatar da manufofinta, na }asashen waje, da ~oye
rahotannin sirri, da kuma haddasa rashin zaman lafiya, a yannin Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Rundunar ta IRGC-QF, ita ce tushen haddasawa da kuma taimaka wa ta’addanci a
}asashen waje.
{asar Iran na ganin gwamnatin Asad, dake {asar Syria, a matsayin aminiya, kuma
ginshi}in duk wani “boren” da take yi, a yankunan dake da }awance da {asar Iran,
da kuma zama babbar kanwar }ungiyar Hizballah, da zama manyan }awayen dake
amfana da abotar harkokin ta’addanci da }asar ta Iran. Bugu da }ari, kan goyon
bayan da take bai wa }ungiyar ta Hizballah, a {asar Syria, }asar ta Iran, na ci gaba
da ba ta makamai, da ku]a]e, da horo da kuma bu]e ma ta kafofi, a }asashen
Iraqi, da Afghan, da kuma baraden }ungiyar Shi’a na {asar Pakistan, domin
taimaka wa gagarumin zaluncin da gwamnatin Asad ke yi, wanda ya hallaka
rayukan mutane fiye da dubu 250, a {asar Syria. {asar Iran, ta bayyana, a fili,
cewa ta amince da mutuwar jami’an }asar ta Iran, a {asar Syria, a shekarar 2015,
ciki har da manyan kwamandodi, da }ara yawan sojojin }asar ta Iran, yayinda ta ci
gaba da amsa cewa, an kai sojojin na sojojin na }asar ta Iran, domin su bayar da
shawarwari, kawai.
A {asar Iraq, sojojin }asar ta Iran sun yi amfani da harsasai masu linzami, da na
atilare, da ma jiragen da babu matu}a, wajen ya}ar }ungiyar ISIL. Har ila yau,
}asar ta Iran, ta }ara yawan makamai da ku]a]en da take bai wa }ungiyoyin
ta’addancin mabiyar addinin Shi’a na {asar Iraq, bisa ga }o}arin tauye galabar da
}ungiyar ta ISIL ke samu a }asar ta Iraq. Da dama, daga cikin wa]annan
}ungiyoyin, irin su KH, na haddasa mummunan tashin hankalin addini, a }asar ta
Iraq, kuma suna ci gaba da cin mutuncin bil adama, musamman farar hula mabiya
a}idar Sunnah. Rundunar ta IRGC-QF, tare da ha]in hannun }ungiyar Hizballah,
suna horar da jama’a, a wajen }asar ta Iraq, kazalika da bayar da shawarwari, a
cikin }asar ta Iraq, ga ‘yan ta’addan addinin Shi’a, game da }era miyagun
makamai da kuma yin amfani da su. Bugu da }ari, mafi yawan baraden }ungiyar ta
Hizballah, da ‘yan ta’addan addinin Shi’a suka horar, sun yi amfani da basira
wajen ya}ar gwamnatin Asad, ko kuma }ungiyar ISIL, a }asar ta Iraq.
Har ila yau, }asar ta Iran ta bayar da makamai, da ku]a]e da kuma horo, ga ‘yan
ta’addar addinin Shi’a, na {asar Bahrain. A shekarar 2015, gwamnatin {asar
Bahrain ta kai farmaki, da kuma tsokana, ta ma kame ]imbin makaman da }asar ta
Iran ta bayar, da kai makaman, da kuma ‘yan ta’adda. Wannan ya ha]a da gano da
wani wurin da ake yin boma-boman dake da misalin ton ]aya da rabi, na nakiyoyi,
da gwamnatin ta {asar Bahrain ta yi, a cikin watan Satumba.
A bisa ga tarihi, }asar ta Iran ce ke bayar da makamai, da horo da kuma ku]a]e ga
}ungiyar Hamas da sauran }ungiyoyin ta’addancin yankin Falas]inu, ciki har da
Rundunar {ungiyar Jihadi da Jagorancin Yankin Falas]inu. Wa]annan
}ungiyoyin ta’addanci na Falas]inu na da alhakin mace-mace, da dama, tunda
daga hare-haren da ake yi wo wa, daga Gaza har ya zuwa yankin Bakin Tekun
Yamma, watau West Bank. Kodayake dangantakar }ungiyar ta Hamas da }asar ta
Iran, ta sukurkuce, saboda ya}in basasar {asar Syria, dukan ~angarorin sun ]auki
matakai, a shekarar 2015, don gyara ta. {asar Iran na ci gaba da bayar da
gagarumin goyon baya ga }ungiyoyin ta’addancin Falas]inu, da ma tashe-tashen
hankulan {asar Isra’ila, a shekarar 2015. Sakararen Majalisar Tsaron {oli ta {asa,
Admiral Ali Shamkhani, ya yi }o}arin tsara dukan hare-haren da ‘yan }ungiyar
ta’addancin na yankin Falas]inu ke kai wa jami’an tsaron {asar Isra’ila, a yankin
West Bank, wani sabon jihadi na “Intifada” a cikin wani jawabin da ya yi a ranar
25 ga watan Nuwamba.
Tun zuwa }arshen shekarar 2006 ake rikici tsakanin {asar Isra’ila da }ungiyar
Hizballah, kuma }asar ta Iran ke taimaka wa bai wa }ungiyar ta Hizballah
makamai, wanda ya keta dokar majalisar ]inkin duniya ta 1701, watau UNSCR
1701. {asar Iran ta bayar da ]aruruwan miliyoyin dolar Amirka, don taimaka wa
}ungiyar ta Hizballah, a {asar Lebanon, da kuma bayar da horo ga dubban
dakarun dake sansanin na }asar ta Iran. Wa]annan dakarun sun yi amfani da
basira, da dama, wajen taimaka wa gwamnatin Asad, kai tsaye, a {asar Syria, a
ta}aice kuma da taimaka wa duk wata ta’asar }ungiyar ISIL, a {asar Iraq. Har ila
yau, suna kai wa]ansu hare-haren, a fakaice, a kan iyakokin }asar ta Lebanon, da
{asar Isra’ila.
Har yanzu, }asar ta Iran, ta bijire wa gurfanar da duk wani babban dakaren
}ungiyar al-Qa’ida (AQ), sai dai ta ci gaba da tsarewa da kuma ~oye sanin
wa]anda ke tsaren. A da, }asar ta Iran na barin masu gudanar da harkokin na
}ungiyar AQ, kai wa zuwa ga tushen gudahar da ta’asar, a ko’ina cikin }asar ta
Iran, musamman ma a shekarar 2009, inda take taimaka wa }ungiyar ta AQ, wajen
hada-hadar ku]a]e, da dakaru, zuwa Kudancin Asia da {asar Syria.
SUDAN
An bayyana cewa {asar Sudan na daga cikin {asashen dake Taimaka wa
Ta’addanci, a shekarar 1993, saboda damuwar taimakon da take bai wa }ungiyoyin
ta’addanci na duniya, ciki har da }ungiyoyin Abu Nidal, da ta Jihadin
Falas]inawa, da ta Hamas, da kuma ta Hizballah.
A tsakiyar shekarun In the 1990, }asar ta Sudan ta kasance dandalin gudanar da
tarurruka, da mafaka da kuma sansanin horar da dakarun }ungiyoyin ta’addanci na
duniya, irin su al-Qa’ida. An bai wa Usama bin Laden mafaka, har ta tsawo
shekaru biyar, a {asar Sudan, har saida gwamnatin }asar ta Sudan ta kore shi, a
shekarar 1996. {asar ta Sudan ta janye taimakon da take bai wa }ungiyar ta al-
Qa’ida, amma, har yanzu, a akwai ~ur~ushin }ungiyoyin ta’addancin al-Qa’ida da
ISIL, dake numfasawa, a }asar ta Sudan, har ya zuwa shekarar 2015. {asashen
Amirka da Sudan, sun ha]a hannun }alubalantar duk wani tashin hankalin
}ungiyoyin al-Qa’ida da ISIL, a shekara 2015, abinda ya ha]a da yin amfani da
hanyoyin kawarwa, da kuma fitar da su, daga cikin }asar.
A shekarar 2014, an bar dakarun }ungiyar ta Hamas da su tara ku]a]e, da tafiye-
tafiye, da ma zama a cikin }asar ta Sudan. Amma, a shekarar 2015, yin amfanin da
dakarun ta’addancin Falas]inawa ke yi da }asar ta Sudan sai ya fara sukurkucewa.
Makaman da aka san cewa an kai, ba su wuce na KLOS-C, na }asar ta Isra’ila ba, a
shekarar 2014.
A cikin watan Yunin 2010, an yanke wa wa]ansu ‘yan }asar Sudan, su hu]u,
hukuncin kisa, domin sun kashe jami’an ofishin jakadancin {asar, biyu, a ranar 1
ga watan Janairun 2008, suka kuma tsere daga Babban Kurkukun
Birnin Khartoum, mai suna Kober. A wannan watan ne gwamnatin }asar ta Sudan
ta tabbatar da cewa, sun sake kame ]aya daga cikin wa]anda aka yanke wa
hukuncin, su hu]u, kuma an kashe ]aya daga cikinsu, a {asar Somalia, a watan
Mayun 2011. Wanda aka sake kamewar yana nan, a gidan kurkukun na Kober, har
ya zuwa watan Disambar 2015, amma, har ya zuwa yanzu, ana tu}a ]aukaka }arar
hukuncin da aka yanke ma su. Amma, har ya zuwa }arshen shekara, ba a san inda
sauran biyun suke ba, kodayake, ana ra]e-ra]in an kashe ]aya, a }asar Somalia, a
cikin watan Nuwambar 2015.
SYRIA
An bayyana {asar Syria da kasancewa cikin {asashen Dake Taimaka wa
Ta’addanci, a shekarar 1979, kuma gwamnatin Asad, na ci gaba da taimaka wa
}ungiyoyin ta’addancin dake tayar da hankula, a siyasance, a yankin, duk da tashin
hankalin dake gudanar a cikin }asar. Gwamnatin na ci gaba da taimaka wa
}ungiyar Hizballah da makamai da harkokin siyasa, kuma tana ci gaba da barin
}asar Iran, ta sake bai wa }ungiyar ta’addanci makamai. Dangantakar gwamnatin
Asad da }ungiyar Hizballah da kuma }asar Iran, sai }ara dan}o take yi, a shekarar
2015, yayinda ake ci gaba da tashin hankalin }asar ta Syria. Har yanzu, Shugaba
Bashar al-Asad ne, babban mai kare manufofin }asar Iran, yayinda }asar ta Iran ke
nuna duk wani }o}arin taimakon da gwamnatin ta Syria ke yi, na wargaza ‘yan
hamayyar }asar ta Syria. Bayanai, game da tallafa wa }ungiyoyin ta’addanci,
musamman }ungiyar Hizballah, kan kasance a cikin jawabai da sanarwar
gwamnatin Syria.
Fiye da shekaru goma, gwamnatin }asar Syria, ke taka muhimmiyar rawa, wajen
}aruwar yawan }ungiyoyin ta’addanci a }ssar ta Syria, ta hannun gwamnatin
Asad, kamar su }ungiyar al-Qa’ida da sauran dakarun }ungiyoyin ta’addancin da
suka tabka ta’asa, a rikicin {asar Iraq. {asar Syria, ta kasance dandalin dakarun
}ungiyoyin ta’addanci, na shekaru da dama; kuma gwamnatin ta Syria, na sane da
duk wani taimakon da ake bayarwa, na zirga-zirgar masu tsauraran ra’ayoyi, na
tsawon shekaru, ta cikin }asar ta Syria ya zuwa }asar Iraq, domin a kafa wata
rundunar ha]in gambiza. Wa]annan ha]a]]un }ungiyoyi, na daga cikin masu
tsauraran ra’ayoyin dake tayar da hankula, cikin har da }ungiyar ISIL, wadda ke
barazana ga jama’ar }asashen Syria da Iraq, a cikin shekarar 2015, da ma – ga
sauran }ungiyoyin ta’addancin dake cikin }asar ta Syria – game da ci gaba da
janyo hankalin dubban dakarun ta’addanci, ga }asar ta Syria, a shekarar 2015.
Wannan yanayin ya bar }ungiyar ta ISIL, tana }ulle-}ulle, ko taimaka wa duk
wani harin da za a kawo, daga waje, zuwa }asashen Libya, da France, da Lebanon,
da Yemen, da Saudi Arabia, da Masar, da kuma {asar Amirka.
Bayan }wararan dabarun kan iyaka, a wannan shekarar, gwamnatin ta nuna cewa,
ita kanta }asar ta Syria, na fama da ta’addancin dake ruruta duk wata gabar abokan
hamayya a matsayin “ta’addanci.”
Manufofin gwamnatin Asad, na damun harkokin samun ku]a]en ‘yan ta’adda.
Masana harkokin masana’antu sun bayar da rahoton cewa, ana gudanar da kashi
60, cikin 100, na ]aukacin duk wani kasuwanci ne da tsabar ku]a]e, sai kuma
kashi 80, cikin 100, na dukan jama’ar }asar ta Syria, ba su amfani da bankuna.
Duk kuma wata dokar ta }asar ta Syria ba ta bukatar masu canja ku]a]e su samu
wani lasisi, har ya zuwa }arshen shekarar 2007, domin, da dama suna gudanar da
ayyukansu ne, babu }a’ida, a mafi fa]in kasuwar bayan fagen }asar ta Syria, ana
kuma }iyasta wannan hada-hadar ku]a]en, ta kai yawan ta tattalin arzikin }asar ta
Syria. Sana’ar hawala, a yankin, (watau hada-hadar musayar ku]a]en kasuwar
shunku, da aka saba yi, a wajen harkokin ku]a]en gwamnati), na da cu]anya da
harkokin fasa }wauri, da kuma sama-da-fa]in ku]a]e, kuma wa]ansu lalatattun
jami’an aikin kwastan da na shige da fice ne, ke taimakawar ake yi. Wannan ya
kawo damuwar cewa, wa]ansu jami’an gwamnatin ta Syria, da manyan ‘yan
kasuwa, na da hannu a cikin cibiyoyin harkokin ku]a]en ‘yan ta’addar.
{asar Amirka ta kasa tantance ko }asar ta Syria, na yin aiki da haramcin Babban
Taron Makamai Masu Guba, (CWC). {asar Amirka, ta gano cewa, }asar ta Syria
na nanata yin amfani da makamai masu guba, a fakaice, kan jama’ar }asar ta Syria,
a kowace shekara, tun lokacin da aka zartar da Babban Taron, don haka, tana keta
haddin sanya hannunta, a }ar}ashin Shara]in na I, na Yarjejeniyar ta CWC. Bugu
da }ari, {asar Amirka, ta gano cewa, }asar ta Syria, ba ta bayyana duk wani
shirinta na makamai masu guba ba, wanda Shara]i na III, na Yarjejeniyar ta CWC
ya bukata, kuma, mai yiwuwa, }asar ta Syria, na ri}e da makaman ne, kamar
yadda yarjejeniyar ta CWC ta shimfi]a. amma, har yanzu, ana nan, ana neman
tantance ha}i}ani da kuma cikakken alwashin na }asar ta Syria, bisa ga
yarjejeniyar wannan al’amari.
Sashi Na 4: {alubalen Ta’addancin Miyagun Makamai ko Nukiliya (CBRN) Na
Duniya
OFISHIN {ALUBALANTAR TA’ADDDANCI DA YA{AR TSASURARAN
RA’AYOYI
Rahoton Yanki Kan Ta’addanci Na Shekarar 2015
Rahoto
SASHE NA 4
{ALUBALEN TA’ADDANCIN MIYAGUN MAKAMAI KO NUKILIYA
(CBRN) NA DUNIYA
Haramta ya]uwar miyagun makamai, da nukiliya, (CBRN), na daga cikin manyan
abinda {asar Amirka ke bai wa fifiko, a cikin manufarta, ta harkokin tsaron }asa.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce, an lura da wannan ya]uwar, wadda, dole, mu
}ara lura da hana }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda, daga samun dama da kuma makamar yi
da bun}asawa da kuma samun haramtattun makaman masu guba, CBRN. Don
haka, ana }arfafa himmarmu, ta }alubalantar ta’addanci, ta hanyar mayar da
martini ga shirye-shiryen hana ya]uwarsu, da nufin ragewa ko kawar da sinadaran
ha]a miyagun makaman (CBRN), da kuma ajiyarsu, ga kowace }asa; da hana
kautar da sinadarai da kuma }warewar yin amfani da su, ba bisa }aida ba; da
rigakafin fasa }waurin makaman na CBRN, da abinda ya shafi sinadaran yin su.
Yayinda ake }o}arin tanadar sinadaran na CBRN, }asashen fa]in duniya, sun
samu gagarumar nasara, kuma ana ci gaba da hana yin amfani da irin wa]annan
sinadaran, ba bisa }a’ida ba.
Sinadaran, na CBRN da }warewar yin amfani da su, na daga irin barazanar da ‘yan
ta’adda ke yi, na samu da ingantawa, da kuma yin amfani da wa]annan sinadaran;
kuma irin rauni da illar da wa]annan makaman ke iya yi; da sawwa}a samun
bayanai game da irin yadda ake hada-hadarsu; da kuma hanyoyi biyu, na duk wata
fasahar da kuma sinadaran da ake da su. Kamar wannan }alubalen ta nuna, mun yi
imanin }ungiyar ISIL ce ke da alhakin irin hare-haren da ake kai wa, da makamai
masu garin hodar farar wuta, (sulfur), a }asashen Iraq da Syria, ciki har da harin
makamin mai farar wuta, a garin Marea, a ranar 21 ga watan Agustar 2015. Bisa ga
irin yadda aka fahimci take-taken }ungiyar ta ISIL, tana da makaman na CBRN,
kuma {asar Amirka, ta dage, wajen fasa su, da kuma hana wa }ungiyar ta ISIL da
ma (sauran ‘yan baranda), samun makaman na CBRN.
{awayen duniya, da dama, suna da masaniya, ko fahimtar musabbabin
}alubalantar barazanar ta makaman CBRN, a hannun ‘yan ta’adda, da sauran ‘yan
baranda. {ungiyoyi da tsare-tsare sun nuna damuwarsu, game da yin amfani da
miyagun makaman, a tarurruka, da kuma sharu]]a, na duniya, domin ragewa ko
kuma kawar da duk wani ]imbin sinadarai; da kula da yadda ake samun hanyoyi
biyu, na fasahar cinikin wa]ansu kayayyaki, na musamman; da umurtar kowace
}asa, kan kafa dokokin yin amfani da su, ciki har da na hukunce-hukuncen laifuka;
da bayar da taimakon haramta yin amfani ko kuma yin barazana da yin amfani da
su. Tsare-tsare da shirye-shirye kan harkokin makaman nukiliya da kuma masu
haya}in dake }ona fata, na mayar da hankali game da tabbatar da yin amfani da
makamashin na nukiliya, a wajen zaman lafiya da fasaha, da kare yin amfani da
makamashin da kuma }warewar kautar da shi, da }alubalantar fasa }waurin
makamashin miyagun makaman. {asar Amirka, kan bayar da shawarwari da kuma
taimakon ku]a]e, da horo ga }asashen }awaye, don taimaka wa }arfafa }arfin
}o}arin karewa da kuma samun }warewa da fasaha da kuma makamashin na
miyagun makaman CBRN. Ruwa da tsaki, da kuma gudunmawa {asar Amirka ke
bayarwa, ga wa]annan }ungiyoyin, na da muhimmanci, wajen tabbatar da ci gaban
kariyar lafiyar barazana da illolin wa]annan makaman na CBRN.
Shirin Tsare Yawaitar Makamai (PSI): Shirin na PSI, wanda aka }addamar a cikin
2003, ya }ara wa }asashen duniya }aimin magance duk wata matsalar da ta shafi
fasa }waurin sinadaran da suka shafi makaman }are-dangi, WMD, da inda ake
samunsu. Wannan shiri na PSI, yana da muhimman hanyoyin }o}arin da duniya
ke yi, wajen magance safarar sinadaran CBRN, a }asashe da hannun ‘yan barandan
dake ya]a su. Ya zuwa ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 2015, }asashe 105 suka sanya
hannu, kan Sharu]]an Hukuncin Shirin na PSI, wa]anda suka bayyana duk wani
}o}arin da ake yi, da kuma dagewar hukumomin shari’ar duniya, da ma wa]ansu
dokokin na duniya, game da goyon bayan }o}arin dakatar da fasa }waurin samar
da sinadaran makaman na }are-dangi, WMD da makamantansu.
Shirin Haramta ‘Yin Ta’addanci Da Haramtattun Makama (GICNT): Shirin na
GICNT, wanda }asashen Amirka da Rasha ke jagoranta, wani ha]in gwiwa ne, na
}asashe 86, da manyan jami’an kula da shirin, har biyar, da suka dage kan }arfafa
wa kowa da ma }ungiyoyi, hanawa, da mayar da martini da bincikar duk wani
ta’addanci da makaman nukiliya. Masu ha]in gwiwar sun tattaru kan harkoki da
al’amurran da suka fi dacewa, da kuma irin darussan da aka koya, game da yawan
tsaron makaman na nukiliya da kuma al’amurran da suka shafi ta’addanci. Ya
zuwa }arshen shekarar 2015, masu }awancen sun gudanar da harkoki fiye da 75,
da kuma manyan tarurruka har tara, domin goyon bayan manufofin tsaron
makaman na nukiliya. A 2015, akwai wa]ansu ayyuka, har tara, na bun}asa
musayar muhimman ayyuka, game da batutuwan binciken harkokin nukiliyar, da
idanu ba su gani, da kuma bincikar al’amarin makaman na nukiliya, da ma zaman
ko-ta-kwana, da mayar da martani.
{ungiyar Mayar da Martanin Nukiliya (NTRG): Ita }ungiyar ta NTRG, wata
}ungiyar wucin-gadi ce, mai mayar da hankali ga gudanar da ayyukan da {asar
Amirka ke yi, game da duk abinda ya shafi fasa }waurin makaman nukiliya da
masu }ona fatar jiki, ciki har da alamun }onar jikin dake faruwa a wa]ansu
}asashe. Dukan ma’aikatan }ungiyar ta NTRG, na ha]a hannu da gwamnatocin
}asashen waje, wajen dates fasa }waurin kayayyain na nukiliya, da gurfanar da
wa]anda abin ya shafa, da kuma inganta bayanai, game da duk wata barazanar da
ta shafi fasa }waurin kayayyakin nukiliyar, ciki har da }o}arin ‘yan fasa }waurin
da ‘yan ta’adda. Gwamnatin {asar Amirka, ke shugabancin }ungiyar ta NTRG,
wadda ta ha]a da wakilai daga }ungiyoyin hana ya]uwa, da tilasta bin dokoki, da
kuma binciken asirin ~ore, na gwamnatin Amirka.
Shirin {alubalantar Fasa {waurin Makaman Nukiliya (CNSP): Kare samun
miyagun sinadaran makaman nukiliya da makaman dake }ona fatar jiki, a
hannuwan da ba su dace ba, kafin su kai hannun ‘yan ta’adda ko sauran ‘yan
baranda, na daga cikin manyan al’amurran da hukumar tsaro ta {asar Amirka da
sauran }awayen Amirka ke yi. Bisa ga yin amfani da gurajen tara ku]a]en
hukumar CNSP, gwamnatin }asar ta Amirka, na gudanar da wata ji~inta, da kuma
wa]ansu shirye-shirye, ga manyan gwamnatoci, domin bun}asa }o}arinsu, na
}alubalantar fasa }waurin makaman nukiliya. Wata yarjejeniyar “{wa}}waran
Shirin Ha]in Gwiwar” ~angarorin biyu, tare da gwamnatocin }awaye 13, suna
ingantawa da kuma aiwatar da wa]ansu dabarun da suka gano, na }awancen
magancewa da kuma mayar da martini ga duk wani }o}arin fasa }waurin
makaman na nukiliya da masu }ora fatar jiki. Bisa ga wani ~angare na
yarjejeniyar, {asar Amirka, ta dage kan ro}on kanta da sauran }asashen dake
bayar da gudunmawa, da su magance bukatar dake akwai, bayan }arfin }awancen
da }asashen ke da shi. A 2015, gudunmawar }asashen waje fiye da dolar Amirka
miliyan 75, ta aiwatar da wannan Shirin Na Ha]in Gwiwar Dabarun da Aka Gano.
A ]aukacin lokuttan tarurrukan }ara wa juna ilmin, da kuma sauran ayyuka,
Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta yi amfani da asusun tara ku]a]en na hukumar ta
CNSP, wajen aiwatar da ha]a]]un sharu]]an tilasta bin dokokin, da na binciken
bayanan sirri, da }arfin fasahar }alubalantar fasa }waurin makaman na nukiliya.
Mafi yawa, hukumar ta CNSP, ta fi goyon bayan fiye da }asashe 20, dake aiwatar
da manufofi, ciki har da na kai farmakin hana fasa }waurin makaman na nukiliya,
da inganta dabarun gano bayanan da idanu ba su gani, da kuma inganta nasarar
gurfanar da ‘yan fasa }waurin, yayinda }awayen za su taimaka wajen hana kan
tsaron kan iyakoki, da yanki, domin }alubalantar fasa }waurin nukiliya.
Shirin Kula da Harkokin Saye da Sayarwar da Tsaron Kan Iyakoki (EXBS): Ta
hannun wannan shirin ne na EXBS, gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta jagoranci wani
}o}arin hukumomi, na }arfafa nacewa bi diddi}in duk wa]ansu matsalolin
yalwatar makamai, ta hanyar taimaka wa gina wata }wa}}warar dabarar }asa,
domin kula da duk wata harkar da ta shafi kan iyaka, a }asashen dake samarwa da
kuma wadata muhimman kayayyaki, kazalika da manyan hanyoyin shige da fice da
kuma safarar su. Shirin na EXBS, na ha]a hannu da }asashen }awaye, har 67,
domin inganta }arfin }asashen dake kula da harkokin cinikin wa]ansu kayayyaki,
na musamman, da kuma magance safararsu, ba bisa }a’ida ba, da za su iya sanya a
yawaita yawan makaman; da bincia }azamiyar hanyar fasa }waurin wa]annan
kayayyaki na musamman, a tsakanin tashohin shige da ficen }asashe, ta hanyar
munanan hanyoyin safara; da bincike da kuma gurfanar da wa]anda suka karya
dokokin da sharu]]an ciniki; da kakkafa wa]ansu manufofi, da }wararru, masu
]orewa, a taron na yarjejeniyar haramta ya]uwar makamai, na duniya, da ma
aiwatar da manyan dabarun kula da harkokin ciniki.
A 2015, shirin na EXBS ya aiwatar da harkokin }awance, na yanki da duniya, har
300, wa]anda suka shafi }asashe fiye da 55, dake ke bun}asawa da aiwatarwa da
kuma tilasta yin aiki da duk wa]annan manyan dabarun na kula da harkokin ciniki.
Wa]annan ayyukan, sun inganta himmar da }asashen }awayen ke da ita, ta
magance safarar duk wa]ansu kayayyakin aikin dake harshen damo, kan makamin
nukiliya da ma sauran makaman da ke bayar da gudunmawar ya]uwar miyagun
makaman, ko ta’addanci, ko kuma rashin zaman lafiyar yanki. Shirin na EXBS ya
kuma }ara abkawa cikin duk wani }o}ari, na magance fasa }waurin makaman na
}are-dangi, WMD, ta hanyar inganta tsaron kan iyakoki, wanda a 2015, ya wadata
}asashe 52, da }wararan kayayyakin aikin bincike da tantancewa, da kuma horo
kan yin aiki da su, kazalika da }o}arin ganowa, da hanawa, da kuma dates
miyagun kayayyakin fasa }waurin makaman dake }ona fatar jiki, da kuma na
nukiliya, sai kuma kayayyakin harha]a makaman na WMD, da sauran abubuwan
dake da dangantaka da makaman, ta sama da }asa da ruwa, ko ma ta jiragen }asa.
Shirin na EXBS, ya ha]a hannu, ga kuma amincewar sashen DoD, na Shirin
{alubalantar Ya]uwa da Rage Barazana Ha]in Kai; da Shirin Tsaron Akwatunan
Kayayyakin DHS, da Ma’aikatar Shirin Haramtawa da Kula da Hada-hadar
Ya]uwar Makamashi ta Duniya, (INECP), da Fasa {waurin Nukiliya, da kuma
Shirin Gurfanar da Masu Laifi, (NSDD), wanda (a da shine ]ayan Shirin Harkokin
Tsaro); da kuma Ma’aikatar Taimaka wa Ya}ar Ta’addanci da Miyagun {wayoyi,
da tsare-tsaren Tilasta Bin Dokoki, ta Duniya, kazalika da sauran tsare-tsaren masu
bayar da gudunmawa a duniya.
Shirin na EXBS, yana cika alkwarin duk wani muhimmin }o}arin da {asar
Amirka da sauran al’ummar duniya ke yi, na taimaka wa }asashen wajen cika
alkawarin yarjejeniyar da suka sanya wa hannu, ciki har da wa]anda suka shafi
Yarjejeniyar Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar [inkin Duniya, ta 1540, ( ta 2004), da
yin aiki da sharu]]an da suka shafi }a’idodin al’amurran saye da sayarwa a
duniya.
Shirin Bincike da Gurfanar da Masu Laifin Fasa {waurin Nukiliya
(NSDD): Ma’aikatar Makamashin Gudanar da Ayyukan Nukiliya ta {asa ta
Amirka, da Shirin Bincike da Gurfanar da Masu Laifin Fasa {waurin Nukiliya,
(wanda, a da, aka fi sani da Aikin Tsaro na Biyu), na ha]a hannu da }asashen
}awaye, domin wadata kayayyakin gano iskar dake }ona fatar jiki, da abinda ya
shafi horarwa, da kuma daidaita bayar da taimakon inganta }arfinsu, na hanawa, da
datse haramtacciyar safarar wa]ansu kayayyakin nukiliya, na musamman, da
sauran kayayyakin makaman dake }ora fatar jikin da ba su da }a’ida. Shirin na
NSDD, na taimaka wa }asashen }awance, wajen gano gine-ginen dake ]auke da
sinadarin nukiliya, wanda ya zo daidai da illar barazanar yanki, da kuma wa]ansu
kayayyakin, na musamman, na }asa, da ma, a cewar masana, kan iya ha]a wa da
kayayyakin fasahar wa]anda suke kafaffu, ko wa]anda ke kan hanya, ko wa]anda
ke ri}e, game da gano iskar dake }ona fatar jiki, a tsallaken kan iyakar }asa, da
filayen jiragen sama, da tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da ma wa]ansu wuraren na cikin
}asa. Ayyukan shirin na NSDD, na ~angaren }arin }arfi, tare da suaran }asashen
duniya, kan tsare makaman nukiliya, na taimaka wa irin su Hukumar {asashen
Turai da kuma Hukumar Kula da Makamashin Nukiliyar ta Duniya.
Shirin Rage Barazana a Duniya (GTR): An kafa shirin ne, na GTR, da nufin hana
‘yan ta’adda samun }warewa kan kayayyakin makamai masu guba, CBRN, da
fasaha, da kuma mayar da hankali kan manyan }asashen dake ke samun babbar
barazanar ya]uwar makaman na CBRN, ko ta’addancin makaman }are-dangi
WMD. Dangane da janyo masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi, tare da }wararrun shirin
na CBRN, da ma tsare duk wa]ansu kayayyakin da ji~anci haka, shirin na GTR, na
ro}on da aka hana wa ‘yan ta’adda, damar sani ilmi, ko kayayyakin aikin, ko ma
fasahar da za a kai su ga yin amfani da makaman na CBRN, wajen kai hari ga
}asar ta Amirka, da sauran Kadarorin duniya. A 2015, shirin na GTR ya runtuma
wajen janyo hankalin }asashe, da yankuna, game da illolin yawaita da kuma
ta’addanci, da ma }in yun}urawar da ta dace, domin magance duk wata barazanar
da za ta taso, ga shirin na makaman CBRN.
Shirin Babban Taron Tantauna Magance Makaman {wayoyin Cuta na Duniya
(BWC): Taron watan Disambar 2011, na shirin na BWC, ya amince da shirin yin
aiki, da nufin }arfafa }arfin }asashen duniya, game da hanawa, da kuma
bincikawa, da mayar da martini ga ya]uwa, ko yin amfani da makaman dake
]auke da }wayoyin cuta, ya-Allah a hannun wata }asa ne, ko hannun wani ]an
baranda. A 2015, {asar Amirka, ta ci gaba da }o}arin wannan al’amarin, domin
samun cikakkun bayanai game aiwatarwa, da ma inganta irin wa]annan
sharu]]an, na shirin na BWC, domin bun}asa haramta yin amfani da irin
wa]annan miyagun makaman; da bun}asa ]orewar haka, da }o}arin fuskantar
]akunan gwaje-gwajen }wayoyin cuta masu ha]ari; da wayar da kan }asashen
duniya, game da bukatar daidaita duk wani hasashen yin amfani da kayayyakin
kimiyyar binciken rayuwa, masu harshen damo, dake da wata illa; da ma ganowa
da kuma magance duk wani cikas ga harkokin ha]in kan }asashen duniya da
mayar da martini, koda ‘yan ta’adda sun kawo hari da irin wa]annan makaman, ko
kuma wata gagarumar cuta ta ~ar}o, da ba a san kanta ba.
{ungiyar Haramta Makamai Masu Guga (OPCW) da {ananan {ungiyoyin (SWG)
Masu Zaman Kansu: An kafa }ananan }ungiyoyin na SWG, da ma Masu Zaman
Kansu, (NSAs) ne, a cikin watan Oktobar 2015, a }ar}shin {ungiyar OPCW, a
}ar}shin {ungiyar Kawo {arshen Ayyukan Ta’addanci, (OEWG-T), tare da nufin
tantauna duk wata zimma da kuma gabato da duk wata shawarar da Ofishin
Gudanar da Dabaru, da ma ~angarorin gwamnatoci za su iya aiwatarwa, domin
magance duk wata barazanar da }ungiyoyin na NSAs za su kawo. {ananan
}ungiyoyin na SWG, suna mayar da hankali kan al’amurra uku, da suka shafi
}ungiyar ta NSAs da ma ta’addancin makamai masu guba kamar haka:
Hanawa (misalin tsaron magunguna;
Mayar da martini (misalin Sharu]]an hukumar CWC, na X, game da
taimakawa da kuma karewa da ma bincikar duk wani zargin yin amfani da
makaman); da ma
Bin diddi}in dokokin }ungiyoyin na NSAs, dangane da Babban Taro Kan
Makamai Masu Guba da kuma sauran dokokin duniya.
{asar Amirka na goyon bayan }ungiyar ta SWG, kuma ta wadata duk wani
bayanin a za a yi wa }wararru, a tarurruka, da dama, ya zuwa yau. {ungiyar ta
SWG, da ma ta OEWG-T, na da muhimmancin magance duk wata }alubalen da
‘yan barandan za su gabatar.
Sashe Na 5: Ma~oyar ‘Yan Ta’adda (Ci Gaban Rahoto Na 7120)
OFISHIN YA{AR AYYUKAN TA’ADDANCI DA MUR{USHE TARZOMAR
MASU TSAURARAN RA’AYOYI
Rahoton Yanki Kan Ta’addanci Na 2015
Rahoto
Sashe Na 5
Mafakar ‘Yan Ta’adda (A cikin Rahoto Na 7120)
Mafakar ‘yan ta’adda, da aka bayyana a cikin rahoton, ta ha]a da inda babu
gwamnati, da inda ba ta da tasiri, ko kuma yankunan da ake nuna rashin adalci, da
‘yan ta’addar suke tsarawa, da shiryawa, da samun ku]a]e, da sadarwa, da ]aukar
dakaru, da zirga-zirga, da gudanar da ayyukansu, ba tare da tsaro ba, domin rashin
isasshen }arfin gwamnatin, ko na siyasa, ko kuma gaba ]aya.
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashi na 2656f(d), na Kundi na 22, na Zawarcen {asar
Amirka, mai suna “daular ‘yan ta’adda” ko “daula” wadda ke ware daga }asar da
aka bayyana gwamnatinta a }ar}ashin sashe na 2405(j)(1)(A), na Kundin {arshen
Bayani na 50; sashe na 2371(a), na Kundi na 22; ko sashe na 2780(d), na Kundi na
22 – na }asar dake goyon bayan ta’addanci. Kamar yadda aka nuna, ana samun
wa]annan bayanai game da }asashen Iran, da Sudan, da kuma Syria, a Sashe na 3,
na {asashen Dake Goyon Bayan Ta’addanci.
MAFAKAR ‘YAN TA’ADDA
AFRIKA
Somalia. A 2015, ‘yan ta’adda sun fi amfani da yankunan karkarar kudu maso
tsakiyar {asar Somalia, a matsayin mafakarsu. ‘Yan ta’addan kan tsara, da
shiryawa, da samun ku]a]e, da sadarwa, da daukar dakaru, da horarwa, da kuma
cin karensu, babu babbaka, a wa]annan yankunan, saboda babu isassun harkokin
tsaro, da adalci, da }arfin gwamnati, a dukan wa]annan tukunonin.
{arfin }ungiyar Al-Shabaab, na sake farfa]owa, ya zuwa ga harkokin ta’addanci,
ya samo asali ne, saboda ta yi }o}arin mamaye wani katafaren yankin yankunan
karkara, da hanyoyi, a cikin }asar ta Somalia. A 2015, }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, ta
yi asarar yankunan mafakarta, da dama, a kudu maso tsarkiyar {asar Somalia, mafi
yawa inda suke samun ku]a]e da sauran kayayyakin aikin da }ungiyar ke
}watowa, daga al’umma. Duk da wannan nasarar da ha]a]]iyar Rundunar
Nahiyar Afrika, dake {asar Somalia, (AMISOM), ta samu, ya}in ya ham~are
}ungiyar ta al-Shabaab daga manyan yankunansu na Baardheere da Dinsoor,
amma, sai }ungiyar ta’addancin ta }o}arta kafa sabuwa mafaka, inda take tsarawa
da kuma kai hare-hare kan jami’an gwamnati, da sansanonin rundunar ta
AMISOM, da sauran wuraren dake {asar Kenya, da wa]ansu wuraren dake yakin.
Gwamnatin Tarayyar {asar Somalia, da yankunan harkokin mulkinta, ba su da
}arfi da kuma kayayyakin ya}in da za su cike gurbin harkokin tsaron da aka baro,
lokacin da rundunar AMISOM ta fara aiki, tare da rundunar farar hula, ’yan sa-kai.
Wannan gi~in, ya bai wa }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab damar sake yin walwalar da ta
dace, ta kafa sabuwar mafaka, da kuma sake kutsa kai cikin yankunan da rundunar
ta AMISOM, ta kame, amma, ta kasa ri}ewa.
Kamar yadda aka gani a shekarun d suka wuce, }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, ta yi
amfani da }ananan garuruwan dake Kwarin Kogin Jubba, irin su Jilib da Saakow, a
matsayin sansaninsu. Wa]annan yankunan sun bar }ungiyar, ta ci gaba da samun
galabar bu]a]]un kan iyakokin dake tsakanin }asashen na Kenya da Somalia, da
kuma kai miyagun hare-hare, a tsallake. {asar Kenya na daga cikin wa]anda suka
sha dafin hare-haren ‘yan ta’adda, a tarihi, lokacin da a cikin watan Afrilu, dakarun
}ungiyar al-Shabaab suka kai hari a Makarantar Jami’ar Garissa, inda suka yi
amfani da }ananan bindigogi, da kuma nakiyoyin }unar ba}in-wake, suka kashe
fiye da mutanen }asar ta Kenya 145, wa]anda, mafi yawansu ]alibai ne. Har ila
yau, }ungiyar ta Al-Shabaab, ta yi amfani da }auyukan dake kan mayan hanyoyin
gefen teku, a kudancin {asar Somalia, irin su Kunyo Barow da Tortoroow, domin
kutsa kai cikin yankunan dake wajen dake da yawan jama’a, kamar su Birnin
Mogadishu da Kismaayo. Wa]annan, da ma sauran hanyoyin dake ]aukacin
kudancin }asar ta Somalia, sai suka zama wani sau}i ga }ananan dakarun na
}ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, wajen kakkafa wuraren tare jama’a, domin kar~ar haraji,
da rashawa, daga al’umma. Kodayake }ungiyar ta ci gaba da samun ku]a]e, daga
wa]annan haramtattun sana’o’in sayar da gawayi, da sauran kayayyaki, }ungiyar
ta al-Shabaab ta }ara yawan kar~ar harajin, domin cike gi~in raunin da ta samu,
wajen shiga tashar jirgin ruwa ta Baraawe, a 2014.
Gwamnatin Tarayyar {asar Somalia, ta dage a kan }o}arin }alubalantar
ta’addancin yanki, da nufin toshe damar ta }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, na kafa mafaka,
a {asar Somalia. Kodayake ba a samu yadda ake so ba, a shekarar ta 2015, amma,
wannan }o}arin ya sanya gwamnatin }asar ta Somali, ta samu sarari da kuma
lokacin da ta mayar da hankali ga harkokin tarayya, da kuma inganta harkokin
siyasarta.
A cewar wata majiya mai tushe, da kuma }ungiyoyin NGOs, dake gudanar da
share nakiyoyi, ba a mayar da hankali ga harkokin makaman }are-dangi ba, WMD,
a }asar ta Somalia.
Zangon Yankin Sahara. Akwai yankunan da gwamnati ba ta kula da su ba, ko ba a
kula da su, ko kuma ake nuna wa rashin adalci, a {asar Mali, inda ‘yan ta’adda ke
amfani da su, wajen tsarawa, da shiryawa, da samun ku]a]e, da sadarwa da kuma
]aukar dakaru, da horarwa, da kuma gudanar da harkokinsu, na tsaro, duk da
}uduri da himmar gwamnatin }asar ta Malia, a matsayin }awar Rundunar Kiyaye
Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar [inkin Duniya, da sojojin {asar Faransa, wajen ya}ar
ta’addanci, a yankin. Gwamnatin {asar Mali, ta sake kakkafa harkokinta na siyasa,
a garurun Timbuktu da Gao, inda wa]ansu jami’an }ananan hukumomi suka sake
dawowa, bakin aikinsu, a 2015. Sojoji, tare da ha]in hannun rundunonin sojojin
Majalisar [inkin Duniya da na {asar Faransa, sun yi rawar ganin kawar da
mafakar ‘yan ta’adda, a {asar Mali.
Gwamnatin {asar Mali, ba ta goyon baya, ko taimaka wa }wararowar ‘yan
ta’addan wa]ansu }asashe, zuwa yankinta, amma, rashin kasancewar gwamnatin
dake kula da wa]annan maka-makan yankunan, da bu]a]]un hanyoyin kan
iyakoki, ya sanya ta kasa rigakafin kutsowarsu.
Gwamnatin {asar Mali ba ta goyon baya, ko barin yawaita, ko kuma hada-hadar
makaman }are-dangi, a ]aukacin yankinta.
KUDU MASO GABASHIN ASIA
Lungunar Teku Na Sulu/Sulawesi. Yawan tsibirai, a Tekun Sulawesi, da kuma
Kar]a]en Sulu, na kawo cikas ga tsare yankin. Ha]in kan ]aukacin }asashen dake
wannan yankin, ya sanya ya {asar Amirka ta fi bayar da }o}ari ga ya}ar
ta’addanci, a yankin. Kodayake }asashen Indonesia, da Malaysia, da kuma
Philippines, sun inganta }o}arin da suke yi, na kula da ]aunin kan iyakokin
ruwansu – ciki har da }o}arin bayar da ku]a]en da {asar Amirka ke yi, na
bun}asa wayar da kan jama’ar dake cikin tekun, kudu da kuma kudu maso
yammacin yankin Mindanao – fa]a]awar da ake yi, tana da wuya. An kuma
fa]a]a yin sintiri, amma, wannan ba shi ba ne maganin al’amarin, kuma akwai
al’adar fasa }wauri da fashi a teku, dake bai wa ‘yan ta’addar mafakar gudanar da
harkoki, ciki har da zirga-zirgar jama’a, da kayayyaki, da kuma ku]a]e. Har yanzu
kuma akwai barazanar sace jama’a, domin samun diyya.
Kudu maso gabashin Asia, kusan bu]e yake, ga haramtaccen fatauci, bisa ga irin
}aruwar da ake samu, dangane da harkokin kasuwanci, a duniya, dake gitta yankin,
kazalika, kasancewar fasa }wauri da ya]uwar }ungiyoyi. Rashin dabarun kulawa
da harkokin kasuwanci, da rashin sharu]]an dokoki, da }arancin dokokin amfani
da ruwan teku, da ma }afin harkokin tsaro, da ~ullowa da sake ~ullar miyagun
cututtuka, da yawaitar halittun shuke-shuken cikin ruwa, ya sanya yankin na kudu
maso gabashin Asia, abin damuwa ga shirin WMD, domin yawaitar hakan da
kuma zirga-zirga. Banda dabarun kula da harkokin cinikin }asashen Singapore, da
Malaysia, da kuma Philippines, wa]anda suka ha]a da kulawa, ta hanya biyu, ko
“]aukacin haka,” babu wata kulawar da ake yi, a kudu maso gabashin na Asia.
Taimaka wa wa]annan }asashen, ga }arfafa dokokin da suka dace, da na duniya,
da kuma }o}arin hari, da kasadar kula da al’amurra, na daga cikin manyan bukatun
Shirin Kulawa da Saye da Sayarwa da Abubuwan da Suka Danganci Tsaron Kan
Iyakoki, a shekaru masu zuwa.
Kudancin {asar Philippines. Yadda tsarin yanayin {asar Philippines yake, wanda
ya malala kan tsibirai har dubu bakwai da 100, da wuya gwamnati ta kula da
]aukacin jama’ar dake dukan yankunan. Amma, ana samun cikakkun nasarori
game da ya}ar ta’addanci, da kuma ka]aice duk wata matsalar yanayi, da kuma
takura duk wata hada-hada ta }ungiyoyin ta’addanci. {ungiyoyin Abu Sayyaf
Group (ASG), da na Jemaah Islamiya (JI), da na Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom
Fighters (BIFF), da sauransu, na nan, a yankunan na Mindanao, musamman,
tsallaken tsibiran Basilan, da Sulu, da kuma Tawi-Tawi. Rundunar Sojan New
People’s Army (NPA), tana nan a dukan fa]in {asar ta Philippines, musamman a
yankunan karkara da kuma tuddai. Ci gaba da matsa lambar da rundunonin tsaron
{asar Philippine ke yi, na kawo wahaloli, amma, ga ta’addanci ya samu natsuwa
da shiryawa, samun ku]a]e, da sadarwa, da ]aukar dakaru, da horar da su, da
kuma kafa sansanoni, a waje.
{asashen Philippines, da Amirka, na da wani gagarumin ha]in kan ya}ar
ta’addanci. A 2015, {asar Amirka ta ci gaba da ha]a hannu da gwamnatin }asar ta
Philippines domin bincikawa, da kuma kula da }ungiyoyin dake goyon bayan
ta’addanci, a }asar ta Philippines. Kafa Rundunar Sojojin Ha]in Gwiwar Wucin-
gadi, a }ar}ashin Rundunar Ya}in {watar Kai, ya kammalu, a cikin watan Yunin
2015, bayan an share fiye da shekaru goma, ana yi. Gwamnatin ta }addamar da
ayyuka, da dama, musamman a Kudancin {asar Philippines, domin ya}ar
}ungiyoyin ASG, da JI, da BIFF, da kuma NPA, da ma gurfanar da wa]anda ake
tuhumu, da }ungiyoyi. A 2015, }asar ta Philippines kuma, ta yi wani tsari, tare da
hukumomin tsaron {asar Amirka, musamman, dangane da mutanen da {asar
Amirka ke nema, ko wa]anda ake zargin ‘yan ta’adda ne.
A watan Nuwamba, }asar ta Philippines ta zartar da wata doka ta Kula da Dabarun
Harkokin Ciniki, (STMA), wadda za ta bayar da damar kulawa da saye da
sayarwa, ta kayayyakin aiki, masu harshen damo. Ya zuwa }arshen shekara, }asar
ta Philippines ta bayar da himmar aiwatar da duk wani shara]in dokar ta STMA,
ciki har da kakkafa ofisoshin bayar da lasisi, dake Ma’aikatar Ciniki da
Masana’antu, da za ta bayar da lasisin da ake bukata, domin harkar saye da
sayarwa, na kayayyakin da ake amfani da su, ta hanyoyi biyu, da kuma na fasaha.
Nasarar da ake samu, ta gaggauta aiwatar da al’amarin ba ta yawa, amma, bisa ga
yawan al’amurra, ciki har da rashin ku]a]e da sakacin rashin aiwatar da dokar ta
STMA a wuri.
GABAS TA TSAKIYA
Masar. Wani yanki na Tuddan Sinai, dake {asar Masar, mafaka ce ga }ungiyoyin
ta’addanci, a shekarar 2015. Gwamnatin {asar Masar, na ganin ta’addanci na ]aya
daga cikin munanan barazanar dake bukatar ]imbin makamai da sojojin da za su
ya}i }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda, na cikin gida da waje. Gwamnatin {asar Masar, na
ci gaba da fa]a]a gangamin kulawa da Arewacin Yankin Sinai, saboda }ungiyar
ISIL, dake Yankin na Sinai, (ISIL-SP), inda ta }addamar da Ya}in ‘Yancin Masu
Shahada, a watan Satumba. An ma rufe Arewacin na Sinai, ga ‘yan yawon
sha}atawa, da manema labaru, da jami’an {asar Amirka, da }ungiyoyin NGOs, a
2015.
{ungiyar ta ISIL-SP, na i}irarin ]aukar alhakin munanan hare-haren da ‘yan
ta’adda ke kai wa, ga sojojin {asar Masar, irin hare-hare nan, bai ]aya, kan ‘yan
sanda da ofisoshin tsaron dake yankin Sinai na Sheikh Zuewid, ranar 1 ga watan
Yuli; da manyan wurare, alal misali, irin su harbor jirgin saman Metrojet, inda
suka kashe fasinjoji 200, da ma’aikata bakwai, a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba.
Ta kuma hannun Shirin Kula da Saye da Sayarwa da Abubuwan da Suka Shafi
Kan Iyakoki, {asar Amirka, ta ha]a hannu da gwamnatin {asar Masar, domin
inganta taron kan iyakokin }asar ta Masar, wajen wadata horo ga jami’an aikin
kwastan, da na ma’aikatar tsaro, da na ma’aikatar cikin gida, da na ma’aikatar
sufuri, da na ma’aikatar harkokin }asashen waje, game da tsaron sararin sama, da
}asa da kuma teku. Bugu da }ari, tun cikin 2009, Asusun Haramta Ya]uwar
Makamai da {wace su, na Gwamnatin Amirka, ke taimaka wa }asar ta Masar, da
kayayyakin binciko miyagun abubuwa, a kayayyaki da kuma jikin fasinjoji,
wa]anda ke iya hango abinda ke cikin motocin dake tafiya, a wuraren da ake
bincikar abinda ya shafi makaman }are-dangi, WMD, da sauran mamakai, da
kuma haramtattun abubuwa.
Iraq. Akwai wani ~angare na {asar Iraq, dake }ar}ashin }ungiyar ISIL, a shekarar
2015, ciki har da garin Mosul. Amma, bayan da }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta }wace wani
makeken yanki na }asar ta Iraq, a 2014, gwamnatin {asar Iraq, ta ri}a samun
nasarori, akai-akai, wajen }wato duk wani yankin da }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta mamaye,
a 2015. Bisa ga taimakon wani Ha]in Kan {asashe 66, na ya}ar }ungiyar ta ISIL,
gwamnatin {asar Iraq, ta sake }wato fiye da kashi 40, cikin 100, na yankunan
}asar ta Iraq, da suka fa]a hannun }ungiyar ta ISIL, ya zuwa }arshen shekarar
2015, ciki har da manyan garuruwa. A watan Afrilu, wani yun}urin da sojojin
}asar ta Iraq suka kai, ya }wato garin Tikrit, ya kuma zuwa }arshen shekara,
]aukacin mutanen kashi 80, cikin 100, da aka kore, sun dawo garuruwansu. A
watan Nuwamba sojojin Peshmerga sun sake }wato garin Sinjar, garin da ya janyo
hankalin duniya, a lokacin bazarar shekarar 2014, lokacin da }ungiyar ta ISIL ta
tabka wata ta’asa, ga al’ummar Yezidi.
Ya zuwa }arshen shekarar 2015, Rundunar Tsaron {asar Iraq, (ISF), tare da
dakarun [ari}ar Sunni, da ‘yan sanda, sun ku~uto wa]ansu maka-makan yankuna
na garin Ramadi, babban birnin Lardin Anbar, da kuma wa]ansu muhimman
wurare.
{ungiyar ISIL ta yi amfani da yankin da ta mamaye, a shekarar 2015, wajen
tanadin garin hodar farar wuta, (sulfur mustard), da }era nakiyoyin IEDs, masu
]auke da hodar chlorine. {asar Amirka tana bayar da himma, tare da }awayenta,
wajen tun~uke wa]annan makaman masu guba, kazalika, da musun da }ungiyar ta
ISIL ta yi, game da mallakar makaman nukiliyar dake ]auke da magunguna, da
}wayoyin cuta, da gubar dake }one fatar jiki, (CBRN), da ma }warewar koyo da
}arfafa }arfin gwamnatocin yankin, wajen ganowa, da tun~ukewa, da kai farkami
kan duk wurin da ake zargin akwai makaman CBRN.
A sakamakon kuma yanayin harkokin tsaron da }asar ta Iraq ke ciki, Shirin Kula
da Harkokin Saye da Sayarwa da Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Tsaron Kan Iyakoki,
(EXBS), ya ]an samu cikas, wajen aiwatar da harkokinsa. Shirin na EXBS, a da,
ya mayar da hankali ga harkokin gwamnatin ta }asar Iraq, game da ingantawa, da
kuma aiwatar da dokoki, da sharu]]an da suka shafi Dokar Hukumar Kulawa da
Dakushe Makaman WMD, ta {asa, Mai Lamba 48, ta 2012, watau (INMA Act),
wajen yin aiki da kuma aiwatar da aiwatar da kulawa da hada-hadar kayayyakin da
aka zayyana, da ma bun}asa }arfin tsaron kan iyakokin }asar ta Iraq, da suka
danganci bincike da gano duk wa]ansu kayayyaki da kuma fasahar da ta shafi
makaman WMD. Amma, wa]annan al’amurran ba su gudana yadda ya kamata.
Maimakon haka, shirin na EXBS, na tantance kayayyaki, da bayar da horon da ya
kamata, ga jami’an tsaro, a wuraren da aka }wato, kwanan nan, domin suna
bukatar cimma irin nasarori da alfanun da aka samu, na sake }wato su, daga
hannun }ungiya ta ISIL.
{asar Amirka da Iraq, sun }arfafa dan}on zumuncin ya}ar ta’addanci da makaman
nukiliya, a watan Satumbar 2014, ta hanyar kawo }arshen shirin kafa “Shirin
Ha]in Gwiwa, tsakanin gwamnatin {asar Iraq da gwamnatin Amirka, dangane da
Ya}ar Fasa {waurin Kayayyakin {era Makaman Nukiliya da Masu {ona Fatar
Jiki.” Wannan tsarin ya bayyana manufar gwamnatocin biyu, na yin aiki tare,
wajen bun}asa }arfin }asar ta Iraq, kan kariya da bincike da kuma mayar da
martini ga fasa }waurin makaman nukiliya, da ma rigakafin hana }ungiyoyin
ta’addanci samu kayayyakin }irar makaman na nukiliya.
Lebanon. Gwamnatin {asar Lebanon ba ta iya tsare dukan yankin }asar ko ma kan
iyakokinta da }asashen Syria da Isra’ila. {ungiyar Hizballah ce ke wanda}a da
mamaye yankunan }asar, ciki har da cibiyoyin tsaron da }asar ta Lebanon ta hana
a kusanta, abinda ya sanya }ungiyar ta Hizballah, ke cin karenta, babu babbaka.
Gwamnati ba ta ]auki wani mataki ba, a 2015, na kwance ]amarar }ungiyar ta
Hizballah, domin wargaza mafakarta, a yankin na }asar Lebanon, ko hana
kwararowar ‘yan }ungiyar ta Hizballah, zuwa }asashen Syria ko Iraq. Sauran
wuraren da ba jin }amshin gwamnati, da kuma wuraren da a killace ba, kan iyakar
}asashen Lebanon da Syria, sun zama makafar ‘yan }ungiyar Nusrah, da na ISIL,
da sauran }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’addan [ari}ar Sunni, a shekarar ta 2015, wa]anda ke
gudanar da harkokinsu, a tuddai, mafi yawa ma, a wuraren da ba a jin }amshin
gwamnati. Gwamnatin ta }asar ta Lebanon, ta sha yun}urawa, wajen kawar da
wa]annan wuraren na fakewa, amma, sai ta koma ga tabbatar da ]orewar }o}arin
sojoji, na kare }asar ta Lebanon, daga ta’addancin }ungiyoyin [ari}ar Sunni.
Falas]inawa da ma sauran }ungiyoyin ‘yan tawaye, na Falas]inawa, na yin amfani
da sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijira, wajen ~oye makamai, da ~oye masu laifin da ake
nema, da wa]ansu aikace-aikace na hare-haren ta’addanci.
{asar Amirka na }arfafa yin aiki da Rundunar Sojojin {asar Lebanon, da ma
Rundunonin Jami’an Tsaro, wajen ya}ar barazanar ta’addanci, a kan iyakar }asarta
da Syria, ta hanyar wadata horo, da kayayyakin ya}i, da makaman ya}ar
ta’addanci.
{asar Lebanon ba ta a cikin }asashen dake hada-hadar kayayyakin }irar makaman
WMD, amma, bu]a]]un kan iyakokinta, ya sa ake amfani da }asar, wajen hada-
hadar miyagun kayayyakin, musamman bisa ga rikicin }asar ta Syria, na cikin
gida. Sashen Injiniyoyin Rundunar LAF, ta ha]a hannu da hukumomin gwamnatin
{asar Amirka, wajen ganowa da kuma rigakafin ya]uwa da kuma hada-hadar
kayayyakin }irar makaman WMD, a kan iyakar {asar Syria.
Shirin Kula da Saye da Sayarwa, da Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Tsaron Kan Iyakoki,
(EXBS), na bayar da horo kan kayayyakin gane dukan abinda za a iya amfani da
shi, wajen }irar makamai masu guba, da nufin dakatar da zirga-zirgar irin
wa]annan kayayyakin ta cikin }asar Lebanon. Har ila yau, shirin na EXBS, na
}addamar da shirin tsaron wuraren kan iyaka, tare da ha]in gwiwar Ma’aikatar
Tsaro, domin }arfafa rundunonin na LAF da ISF, game da tsaron kan iyakoki da
kuma dakatar da duk wani yun}urin ta’asa.
Libya. Bu]a]]un kan iyakokin }asar Libya, da tarwatsatsar rundunar tsaro, da ma
makeken yankin yankin da ake da shi, ya sanya }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda, irin su
Ansar al-Shari’a Benghazi, da Ansar al-Shari’a Darnah, da al-Qa’ida in the Islamic
Maghreb, da al-Murabitoun, da ma ISIL, suka bayar da wurin tamkar daularsu.
Bisa kuma ga rashin himmar gwamnatin }asar ta Libya, wajen tsare kan
iyakokinta, yadda ya kamata, }ungiyoyin ta’addanci suka samu mafaka,
musamman, a garuruwan Sirte, da Darnah, da Benghazi, da kuma Sabratha,
kodayake akwai munanan }ungiyoyin ta’addanci, dake wanda}a, a ]aukacin }asar
ta Libya. Duk da harin da Rundunar Sojojin {asar Libya ta kai a 2014, da nufin
kawar da munanan masu tsauraran ra’ayoyi daga Birnin Benghazi, babu nasarar da
aka samu, ta }wato birnin na Benghazi, daga hanun ‘yan ta’adda. Gwamnati ta
kasa kawar da mafakar ‘yan ta’addar, a }asar ta Libya, a shekarar 2015, kuma ta
kasa hana kwararowar dakarun ‘yan ta’adda, zuwa ciki da wajen yankinta.
Sansanonin ‘yan ta’adda na horarwa da kuma taimaka wa }ungiyoyin dake
]aukacin }asar ta Libya; sai kuma sauran kabilu, da manyan }ungiyoyi, da suke
taimakawa, kodayake, wannan ya nuna mafi yawa saboda samun abin masarufi ne,
ko kuma addini. {asar Libya ta zama wata babbar kafa, kuma wurin zirga-zirgar
dakarun }asashen waje, kan hanyarsu ta zuwa }asashen Syria da Iraq. Akwai ma
alamar dakarun ‘yan ta’adda, na }asashen wajen sun fara dawowa }asar ta Libya,
ko sun gwammace su zauna a }asar ta Libya, domin ya}arta, da }ara nuna
damuwar da }asar ta Libya za ta zama fagen famar munanan }ungiyoyin dake da
tsauraran ra’ayoyi, irin su ISIL.
A 2013, {asar Amirka ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da gwamnatin {asar Libya,
game da bayar da goyon tarwatsa miyagun makaman da }asar ta Libya ta jibge, a
matsayinta na }asar da ta amince da yarjejeniyar {ungiyar Hana {era Makamai
Masu Guba, (OPCW). {asar ta Libya, ta samu cikakkar nasarar lalata sauran gubar
iskar da aka cika, a sansanonin }irar makamai masu linzami, da na harbor jiragen
sama, a watan Janairun 2014. Har ila yau, }asar ta Libya, ta kammala lalata sauran
hodar guba, a 2013. Amma, }asar ta Libya, tana nan da sauran ]imbin sinadarin
uranium ore, mai kaurin, watau (yellowcake), dake jibge a tsohuwar barikin soja,
dake kusa da garin Sebha, na kudancin }asar. Wannan sinadarin, yana da ha]arin
gaske, wajen zirga-zirga da kuma yawaita shi, saboda nauyin sandu}an dake ]auke
da shi, da kuma bukatar irin ]imbin ]awainiyar da ake yi ma sa, kafin a yi amfani
da shi, wajen }irar makaman.
Yemen. A dukan tsawon shekarar 2015, }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, dake Tsirin
Larabawan Falas]inu, (AQAP) da }ungiyar ISIL, ta }asar Yemen, sun yi amfani
da gi~in harkokin siyasa da tsaron da aka baro, wajen }arfafa sansanoninsu, da
kuma fa]a]a ]aukar dakaru, a cikin }asar. Gwamnatin }asar ta Yemen, daga waje
take gudanar da ayyuka, na tsawon wani lokacin shekarar 2015, wanda ya dushe
duk wani }o}arinta, na mayar da hankali kan ya}ar ta’addanci. {ungiyoyin na
AQAP da ISIL, dake {asar Yemen, suna nuna tashin hankalin na }asar ta Yemen,
na daga cikin rikicin addinin kan iyaka, na }ungiyoyin Sunni da Shia. Ta kuma yin
amfani da wannan rikicin ne, wa]annan }ungiyoyin suka }ara irin goyon bayan da
suke bai wa al’ummar Sunni, da kuma ita }ungiyar ta ISIL, a }asar ta Yemen,
musamman, domin su kame }asar.
{ungiyar ta AQAP ta amfana da wannan rikicin na }asar ta Yemen, a shekarar
2015, ta hanyar fa]a]a zamanta, a kudanci da kuma gabashin larduna. Kafa wata
}wa}}warar dangantakar kabilanci da zamantakewa, a wa]annan yankunan, sai
sanya }ungiyar ta AQAP ta fa]a]a yankin da ta mamaye, a shekarar 2015, ya
zuwa garuruwan Abyan, da Taiz, da ma katafariyar mafakarta, dake tashar jiragen
ruwan Birnin Mukalla. Kutsa kan da }ungiyar ta AQAP ta samu yi, a tashar jiragen
ruwan, ya sanya take }ara samun ku]a]enta. Har ila yau, }ungiyar AQ ta ri}e
garin Aden.
Yayinda }ungiyar AQAP ta mamaye }ungiyoyin ta’addancin ‘yan [ari}ar Sunni,
a }asar, akwai sanannun larduna bakwai, watau wilayat, dake goyon bayan
abubuwan da }ungiyoyin na ISIL ke yi, a lardunan }asar ta Yemen, har 10, ciki har
da Sa’ada, da Sana’a, da al-Jawf, da al-Bayda, da Taiz, da Ibb, da Lahij, da Aden,
da Shahwah, da kuma Hadramawt. Lardunan }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake {asar Yemen,
watau “wilayat”, sun fara nuna mulkin samun goyon bayan kabilun da dakarun na
[ari}ar ta Sunni, dake yankuna guda. Yayinda kuma da, har yanzu, ba a san
}ungiyar ba, dakarunta ba su kai yawan na }ungiyar AQAP, duk da tana ta samun
magoya baya, daga wa]ansu figitattun ’yan }ungiyar ta AQAP, dake }asar ta
Yemen, wa]anda, a da, suke goyon bayan }ungiyar ISIL, dake }asashen Iraq da
Syria. Yayinda kuma }ungiyar ISIL, dake }asar ta Yemen ke nuna takon tayar da
hankula, har yanzu ba ta mamaye wani yanki ba.
Rashin zaman lafiyar harkokin siyasar }asar Yemen, na ci gaba da dakushe
}o}arinta, na kafawa da kuma tilasta bin dabarun kula da harkokin kasuwanci, inda
ta bar }asar, a hannun masu zirga-zirgar hada-hadar kayayyakin }era makaman
WMD.
KUDANCIN ASIA
Afghanistan. Kan iyakar yankunan }asashen Afghanistan da Pakistan, wa]ansu
wuraren da ‘yan ta’adda ke amfani da su ne, wajen kai hare-hare, a }asashen biyu,
domin gwamnatocin }asashen ba su kula da su. {ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’addan dake
}asar ta Afghanistan, irin su al-Qa’ida (AQ), da na Haqqani, da dai sauransu, na
baje kolinsu, a }asashen na Afghanistan da Pakistan. {ungiyar ISIL, ta Khorasan,
(ISIL-K), ta fi zama a }asar ta Afghanistan, amma, ayyukan ha]a]]iyar
}ungiyarta, ya kai har ya zuwa kabilar }asar ta Pakistan, dake yankunan kan
iyakokin }asashen Afghanistan da Pakistan. Gwamnatin }asar Afghanistan, ta yi
fafitikar sake nuna }arfinta, a wa]annan lungunan, inda mafi yawan jama’arsu, ba
su da wata ala}a da cibiyoyin gwamnatin }asa. {asar ta Afghanistan, na ha]a
hannu da duk wani }o}arin {asar Amirka, a ya}ar ta’addanci. Tun lokacin da ya
kama ragamar mulki, a cikin watan Satumbar 2014, Shugaba Ghani, yake ta bin
ha]in gwiwar tsaron kan iyakoki, da gwamnatin {asar Pakistan, ciki har da hasken
dake akwai, ga ha]a hannun rage yawan mafakar ‘yan ta’adda, a ~angarorin kan
iyakokin }asashen biyu.
Har yanzu, sale-salin zirga-zirga da hada-hadar makaman WMD, na damun }asar
ta Afghanistan, domin saboda da bu]a]]un kan iyakokinta, da kuma kasancewar
}ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda. {asashen Amirka da Afghanistan, na ci gaba da ha]a
hannun kammala }ulla dangantakar zumuncin ya}ar ta’addancin makaman
nukiliya, da kuma bun}asa }arfin }asar ta Afghanistan, kan karewa da ganowa, da
kuma mayar da martabi kan duk wani al’amari na fasa }waurin makaman nukiliya.
Gwamnatocin {asar Amirka da Afghanistan, suna kuma ci gaba da ha]a hannun
aiwatar da wata }wa}}warar kulawa da kuma }arfafa harkokin kasuwanci, da
tsaron kan iyakokin }asar ta Afghanistan.
Shirin Kula da Saye da Sayarwa da Abubuwan da Suka Shaf Tsaron Kan Iyakoki,
(EXBS), na bayar da gudunmawar inganta }arfin tsare kan iyakokin }asar ta
Afghanistan, ta hanyar wadata horo ga Hukumar Aikin Kwastan da ‘Yan Sandan
Kan Iyakokin }asar ta Afghanistan. Shirin na EXBS, na kuma tallafa wa duk wata
dangantakar tsakanin kan iyakoki, ta hanyar horar da ma}wabtan Tsakiyar Asia, ta
hannun hukumomin OSCE, da Ofishin Kula da Laifuka da Miyagun {wayoyi, na
Majalisar [inkin Duniya – Shirin Aikin Kwastan Mai Kula da Sandu}an
Kayayyakin Duniya. Domin kuma }ara inganta dabarun gwamnatin }asar ta
Afghanistan, na kula da wayar da kan harkokin ciniki, da darajarsu, shirin na
EXBS na tallafa wa bayar da horo ga wakilan }asar ta Afghanistan, wanda ya ha]a
da wakilan Hukumar Kula da {erar Makamai Masu Linzami, ta {asar
Afghanistan, da Ma’aikatar Ciniki, da kuma Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje, dake
Cibiyar Kare Harkokin Ciniki ta Duniya, a Jami’ar Georgia.
{asar Amirka na ci gaba da taimaka wa gwamnatin }asar ta Afghanistan, wajen
samun }arfin }wato wa]ansu kayayyakin }era miyagun makamai, dake
sansanonin na }asar ta Afghanistan, da inganta zura idanun ganowa da kuma
bincikar abkuwar duk wani mummunan ha]arin magungunan }era miyagun
makaman, da kuma sanya hannun masana kimiyya da injiniyoyin }asar ta
Afghanista, dake da }warewa kan kayayyaki da kuma makaman na WMD.
Pakistan. A 2015, wani taron dangin }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda, ciki har da na
Haqqani, sun yi }o}arin ~oyewa, da kuma ci gaba da aiwatar da ta’asa, daga
Yankin Harkokin Mulkin Tarayyar Kabilun {asar Pakistan, wani yanki mai tuddai,
a arewa maso yammacin kan iyakokinta da {asar Afghanistan. Wani Shirin {asa,
(NAP), ya yi kira ga gwamnatin da ta “tabbatar da babu wata }ungiyar ta’addanci,
da za ta zauna a }asar,” kodayake, ana ra]e-ra]in shirin na NAP, ba ya daidaita
aiwatar da abinda ya shafi kafofin watsa labarun }asar ta Pakistani. Ya zuwa 2014,
}asar ta Pakistan ta }addamar da wani hari, na kawar da wurin fakewar ‘yan
ta’adda, kodayake, ta’asar dukan }ungiyoyin ta’addancin ba su yi daidai da juna
ba. Gwamnatin ta fara amfani da Jerin Sunayen Masu Ficewa, (ECL), da nufin
hana ‘yan ta’adda, da miyagun mutane, tafiyar }asashen waje. A watannin Agusta,
da Satumba, da ma Nuwamba, gwamnatin ta bayyana nufinta, na tsame dubban
mutanen dake cikin jerin sunayen na ECL, domin an yi kuskure ga sanya
sunayensu. Wa]ansu kuma }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’addan da Majalisar [inkin Duniya
ta zayyana sunayensu, irin su Lashkar e-Tayyiba (LeT), dake da ala}a da }ungiyar
Jamaat-ud-Dawa, da kuma Asusun Falah-e-Insaniyat, sun yi }o}arin kafa
gidauniya da kuma gudanar da gangami, a }asar ta Pakistan. Shugabannin
}ungiyar ta LeT/JuD, Hafiz Saeed, wanda shi ma Majalisar [inkin Duniya ta
zayyana cewa ]an ta’adda ne, ya yi ta fitowa, yana goyon bayan manufofin
}ungiyar, a kafofin watsa labarun }asar ta Pakistan, a tsawon shekarar. A watan
Satumba, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Gidajen Telebijin da Radiyo, ta {asar
Pakistan, ta hana da a ]auko labarun }ungiyar ta LeT, da duk wata }ungiyar dake
da ala}a da ita, kodayake, }ungiyoyin sun ci gaba da ]aukar dakaru da kuma
gudanar da harkokinsu, a ]aukacin }asar. Duk da takunkumin da aka yi wa
}ungiyoyin na JuD da FiF, a }ar}ashin takunkumin Majalisar [inkin Duniya, a
cikin watan Disamba, gwamnatin }asar ta Pakistan, ta sake jaddada cewa, babu
wata }ungiyar da aka sanya wa takunkumi, a }asar.
Domin kuma magance fasa }waurin kayayyakin da ake }era makaman WMDs, da
su, da kuma kai su wurare, }asar ta Pakistan ta ci gaba da ha]a hannun daidaita
kula da jerin sunayen sinadaran na }era makaman nukiliya, da kamfanonin Nuclear
Suppliers Group, da Missile Technology Control Regime, da ma Australia Group,
kazalika da ]aukar wa]ansu }wararan matakai, irin na }ara yawan sharu]]an
bayar da lasisin sayar da kayayyaki ga waje. Bisa ga wa]annan ci gaban da aka
samu, }asar ta Pakistan ta kafa wata masana’antar cikin gida, domin yin aiki da
sharu]]an, da kuma wata masana’antar, don kai wa ga shirin dabarun sassan
fasaha, wa]anda ke }ayyade musayar bayanai, da wa]annan masana’antun.
Gwamnati ta nemi }awayenta, da su }ara matsar }asar ta Pakistan, bisa ga fa]a]a
gangamin masana’antar, na ta kammala fahimta da kuma aiwatar da dukan abinda
ake bukata, na kula da harkokin saye da sayarwar }asar ta Pakistan, da ma fara
tantaunawar kula da makaman da aka saba da su, da kuma fasahar yin amfani da
sinadaran, ta hanya biyu. Bugu da }arin gangamin masana’antar, }asar ta Pakistan
ta kuma ~ullo da kuma gabatar da jerin harkokin horarwa, na fasaha, ga mutanen
}warai, da gwamnati ta bai wa lasisi, da kuma jami’an tilasta bin dokokin gano yin
amfanin, biyu, da kayayyakin, sosai, da har za a yi amfani da su, wajen }irar
makaman na WMDs, ko wa]ansu hanyoyinsu. Gaba ]aya, }asar ta Pakistan, ta
zama abokiya, ta }warai, dake gabatar da babban }o}arin inganta }arfin kula da
sayar da kayayyakin, ga waje.
{asar ta Pakistan, na da natsuwa da kuma shiga Babban Taron Harkokin Tsaron
Sarrafa Sinadaran Nukiliya, da Shirin Ya}ar ‘Yan Ta’adda ga Yin Amfani da
Makaman na Nukiliya a Duniya, da }arfafa dabarunta na kula da harkokin ciniki,
ciki har da sabunta jerin kayayyakin da za ta ri}a sayarwa a waje. Shirin na EXBS,
ya }ara wa al’amarin gwamnatin {asar Pakistan }arfi, ta hanyar horar da jami’an
Sashen Aikin Kwastan Mai Kula da Dabarun Harkokin Sayar da Kayayyaki Zuwa
Waje, da irin yadda za a kyautata gano dabarun kayayyakin da suka dace. Wannan
horon na gane kayayyakin da kuma babban horon datse aikata laifin, Ma’aikatar
Harkokin Makamashi ce, ta {asar Amirka ta aiwatar da su. Har ila yau, shirin na
EXBS, ya tallafa wa wani ha]in kan yanki, ta hannun dangantakar hana ya]uwar
makaman, da kuma ha]in gwiwar tsare kan iyakoki, da }asar Afghanistan, ta
hannun Ofishin Majalisar [inkin Duniya mai kula da Miyagun {wayoyi da Aikata
Laifuka – Shirin Ma’aikatan Aikin Kwastan Masu Kula da Zirga-zirgar Sandu}ai,
(CCP). A kuma }ar}ashin shirin na CCP, an bayar da horon inganta wa]ansu
dabarun, na kula da sassa a tashoshin jiragen dake tsallaken kan iyakokin
garuruwan Torkham da Jalalabad.
|ANGAREN YAMMACIN DUNIYA
Colombia. Tudu da gangare, da kuma }ungurmin daji, tare da rashin yawan
jama’a, da ma kasancewar gwamnati mai rauni, a tarihi, sune yadda kan iyakokin
}asar Colombia, da }asashen Venezuela, da Ecuador, da Peru, da kuma Brazil,
suke, tun fil-azal, dangane da bai wa }ungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda mafaka, musamman
{ungiyar ‘Yan Tawayen {asar ta Colombia, watau (FARC), da ta Sojojin {watar
‘Yanci, ta {asa, watau (ELN). Banda matsin lambar da Gwamnatin {asar
Colombia ke sha, daga wa]annan }ungiyoyin, na hana wa wa]annan }ungiyoyin
mafaka, da tottoshe kafofin }o}arin samun ku]a]ensu, da dakushe duk wani
yun}urin da ‘yan ta’addan ke yi, haka ta ke ci gaba da kai hare-haren ya}ar duk
wata himmar ya}ar hare-haren ta’addanci. Bisa kuma ga tantaunawar tabbatar da
zaman lafiyar da gwamnatin ke yi, da }ungiyar ta FARC, da ma batun tsagaita
wuta, har sau biyu, da }ungiyar ta FARC, {asar ta Colombia, ta na samun sau}in
yawan irin farmakin ta’addancin da ake kai ma ta, a shekarar 2015. Duk da
wa]annan nasarorin, da kuma }ungiyoyin ‘yan tawayen, musamman wa]anda aka
fi sani da sunan “Miyagun Bandas”, watau Bandas Criminales, na ci gaba da yin
amfani da bu]a]]un kan iyakokin }asar, da tuddai da ma dazuzzuka, domin
~oyewa, da horarwa da ma nomawa, da safarar miyagun }wayoyi, da gudanar da
ha}ar ma’adinai, ba bisa }a’ida ba, da kar~ar “rashawa”, daga jama’a, da kuma
gudanar da }azaman al’amurra.
Ingancin dangantaka da ma}wabciyarta, watau {asar Ecuador, ya sanya aka samu
}arin ha]in kan al’amurran bin dokoki. Har ila yau, }asar ta Colombia, na ci gaba
da ha]a hannu, da kuma musayar bayanai da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Kan
Iyakar {asar Panama. Bugu da }ari, {asar Brazil ta fara aiwatar da shirinta, na
Kula da [aukacin Kan Iyaka, a wani yun}uri, na lura dukan kan iyaka, da ma kan
iyakarta, da }asar ta Colombia, kazalika da magance kasancewar duk wata mafaka,
a kan iyakokin na su.
Venezuela. Bu]a]]ar kan iyakar {asar Venezuela da {asar Colombia ke janyo
hankulan Rundunar Dakarun ‘Yan Tawayen }asar ta Colombia, da Rundunar
Sojojin {watar ‘Yanci ta {asa, wa]anda ke amfani da wurin, don ya]a zangon
shige da fice, a yankin. Akwai rahotannin masu tushen dake cewa }asar ta
Venezuela ta ke~e wani yanki, don taimaka wa harkokin sanannun }ungiyoyin
tawayen.
YA{AR TA’ADDANCI KAN TATTALIN ARZIKI
A 2015, gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta sake zayyana sunan wata sabuwar {ungiyar
Ta’addanci ta Duniya, (FTO). Ta kuma yi gyara ga wa]ansu biyu. Bugu da }ari,
gwamnatin ta zayyana sunayen }ungiyoyi, da kuma ‘yan ta’adda 37, a matsayin
‘Yan Ta’adda, na Musamman, a {ar}ashin Dokarta, ta Duniya, (E.O.), ta 13224,
da kuma yi wa guda biyu, kwaskwarima. Gwamnatin ta kuma soke sunayen
}ungiyoyi biyu, da kuma wa]ansu mutane biyu.
Har ila yau, Baitulmalin {asar, ta zayyana sunayen }ungiyoyi da sauran ‘yan
ta’adda, a }ar}ashin dokar ta E.O. mai lamba 13224. Ana iya ganin jerin sunayen
]aukacin ‘yan ta’addan duniya da Baitulmalin Ofishin Kula da Kadarorin
{asashen Wajen }asar ta Amirka ta zayyana, a shafin yanar-gizo mai suna:
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/SDN-List/Pages/default.aspx.
{ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya A 2015/Dokar {ungiyoyin ta 13224: A ranar 3
ga watan Satumbar, {asar Amirka ta soke {ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya,
(FTO), da zayyanar da ta yi wa {ungiyoyin Tawaye, a ranar 17, ga watan
Nuwamba.
A ranar 29 ga watan Satumban, }asar ta Amirka, ta yi kwaskwarima ga dokar ta
E.O., ta 13224, game da zayyana sunayen }ungiyar ISIL, da amincewa da sunan da
take kiran kanta, na {asar Islama, da kuma yin gyaran rukunin na FTO, a ranar 30
ga watan Satumba. (A duba Sashi na 6, na {ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya, domin
}arin bayani game da }ungiyar ta ISIL).
Ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar, }asar ta Amirka ta zayyana sunan }ungiyar Jaysh
Rijal al-Tariq al Naqshabandi (JRTN), a }ar}ashin dokar ta E.O. mai lamba 13224,
a rukunin na FTO. (A duba Sashe na 6, na {ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya, domin
}arin bayani game da }ungiyar ta JRTN.)
A ranar ta 29 ga watan na Satumbar, }asar ta Amirka, ta kuma yi gyara a rukunin
na FTO da dokar ta E.O., mai lamba 13224, game da sanya sunan }ungiyar Ansar
Bayt al-Maqdis, da kiranta }ungiyar ISIL, dake Lardin Sinai, a matsayin cikakken
sunanta. (A duba Sashi na 6, na {ungiyoyin Ta’addancin Duniya, domin }arin
bayani game da }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake Lardin Sinai Province.)
A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, }asar ta Amirka, ta soke zayyanar suna da ta yi wa
}ungiyar Dakarun Islama ta {asar Libya, (LIFG), a cikin rukunin na FTO.
Zayyana Sunayen A Dokar ta E.O., mai Lamba 13224 A 2015:
A ranar 14 ga watan Janairu, }asar Amirka ta zayyana sunan Abdallah al-Ashqar, a
matsayin ]an ta’adda. Al-Ashqar shine jagora, kuma ]an kwamitin dakarun
Majalisar Mujahidin Shura, (MSC), dake cikin Birnin Jerusalem. Al-Ashqar ya yi
suna kan sayo makamai masu linzami, da sauran makaman kai hari, a {asar
Isra’ila.
A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan wani ]an {asar Jamus,
mai suna Denis Cuspert, a matsayin ]an ta’adda. An yi zargin Cuspert ne ke
]aukar dakaru da kuma ya]a farfagandar }ungiyar ISIL. An kuma yi zargin kashe
shi, a wani harin da aka kai, ta sama, a kusa da garin al-Raqqah, na {asar Syria, a
watan Oktobar 2015.
A ranar 25 ga watan Maris, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan Aliaskhab Kebekov,
wanda ke jagorancin }ungiyar ta’addancin dake zaune a Daular Caucasus, ta {asar
Rasha, a matsayin ]an ta’adda, har ya zuwa lokacin da ya mutu, a artabu da
Sojojin {asar Rasha, na Musamman, a watan Afrilun 2015.
A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan wani ]an {asar Tunisia,
amma, zaunannen {asar Syria, Ali Ouni Harzi, a cikin sunayen ‘yan ta’addan. Har
ila yau, an sanya sunan na Harzi, a cikin Jerin Sunayen Haramtacciyar }ungiyar
al-Qaida, kan Yarjejeniyar Majalisar [inkin Duniya, UN, mai lamba 1267/1989.
Harzi ya shiga }ungiyar Ansar al-Shari’a, ta {asar Tunisia, (AAS-T), a 2011.
Kuma wani babban jami’i ne, da aka sani, na ]aukar dakarun sa-kai, da fasa
}waurin makamai da nakiyoyi, zuwa }asar ta Tunisia, da ma taimaka wa zirga-
zirgar dakarun }ungiyar ta AAS-T, zuwa }asar ta Syria. An kashe Harzi, a wani
harin sama, da aka kai, a cikin watan Yunin 2015.
A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunayen Ahmed Diriye da
Mahad Karate, a cikin sunayen ‘yan ta’adda. Diriye ya zama shugaban }ungiyar al-
Shabaab, a watan Satumbar 2014, a sakamakon mutuwar shugabanta, a da, Ahmed
Abdi Godane. Kafin ya kama shugabancin }ungiyar, Diriye ne mataimakin
Godane, kuma mu}addashin gwamnan Kudancin Yankin Juba, kuma gwamnan
}ungiyar ta al-Shabaab, a yankin mashigin yankunan ruwan tekun dake Bay da
Bakool. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, ya zama babban mai bayar da shawara ga
Godane, kuma shi ke kula da harkokin cikin gidan }ungiyar. Karate kuma ya taka
rawar gani, a sashen le}en asiri na Amniyat, na }ungiyar ta al-Shabaab.
A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu, }asar Amirka ta zayyana sunayen Christodoulos Xiros
da Nikolaos Maziotis, a cikin sunayen ‘yan ta’adda. Xiros ne babban hauni, a ranar
17 ga watan Nuwamba. A kwanan nan, cikin watan Janairun 2015, ‘yan sandan
{asar Greece suka kama shi, yayinda da ya kai hari a }asar ta Greece, mai yiwuwa
bisa ga }o}arin ku~utar da fursunoni. An yi imanin cewa, a lokacin da aka kama
shi, Xiros na aiki ne, da wata }ungiyar mai suna {ungiyar Harba Makaman
Nukiliya, watau Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei. Shi kuma Maziotis, jagora ne, na
Fafitikar Juyin Juya Halin dake zaune a {asar Greece. A }ar}ashin jagorancinsa
ne }ungiyar ta amsa laifin boma-boman da aka fasa, a cikin watan Afrilun 2014, a
tsakiyar Birnin Athens, a wajen ofisoshin Babban Bankin {asar Greece.
A ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunayen Meliad Farah, da
Hassan el-Hajj Hassan, da kuma Hussein Atris a cikin sunayen ‘yan ta’adda. An
gano Farah da Hassan ne, manyan wa]anda ake zargi da sanya bom, a Birnin
Burgas na {asar Bulgaria, a watan Yulin 20, inda aka yi harin da ya kashe ‘yan
yawon sha}atawa na {asar Isra’ila, su shida. An danganta wannan saka bom ]in,
ga }ungiyar Hizballah. Atris kuma wakilin wani sashe ne, na }ungiyar Hizballah, a
}asashen waje. A 2013, wata kotun {asar Thailand, ta ]aure Atris, na tsawon
shekaru biyu, da watanni takwas, a kurkuku, bisa ga samunsa da laifin mallakar
kayayyakin da ake }era nakiyoyi. Amma, an sake shi, a watan Satumbar 2014,
wanda ake tsammanin yana zaune a {asar Lebanon.
A ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan Abdul Aziz Haqqani,
cikin ‘yan ta’adda. Aziz Haqqani ne babban wakilin Ha]a]]iyar {ungiyar
Haqqani Network, (HQN), kuma ]an uwan jagoran }ungiyar ta HQN, Sirajuddin
Haqqani. Ana shafe shekaru, ana zargin Aziz Haqqani, na da hannu wajen tsarawa
da kuma kai hare-haren nakiyoyi ga wuraren gwamnatin {asar Afghanistan, da
kuma ]aukar nauyin ]aukacin manyan hare-haren }ungiyar ta HQN, bayan
mutuwar ]an uwansa, Badruddin Haqqani.
A ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan wani haifaffen {asar
Lebanon, mai suna Samir Kuntar, a cikin ‘yan ta’adda. An yi zargin a watan
Afrilun 1979, Kuntar na da hannu kan kisan da aka yi wa wa]ansu ‘yan }asar
Isra’ila, biyar, bisa ga }o}arin kashe wa]ansu iyalai na }asar ta Isra’ila, ciki har da
}ananan yara biyu. Wata kotun {asar Isra’ila, ta ]aure Kuntar, da laifin kisan kai;
amma, an sake shi, daga a 2008, lokacin da aka yi musayar fursunoni. Daga bisani,
Kuntar ya sake ~ulla, a matsayin ]aya da cikin manyan masu fa]a-a-jin }ungiyar
Hizballah. Tare kuma da taimakon }asashen Iran da Syria, Kuntar ya taka rawar
gani kan irin ta’addancin da }ungiyar ta Hizballah ke aikatawa, a yankunan
Tuddan Golan. An kuma kashe shi, a ranar 19 ga watan Disambar 2015, a garin
Jaramana, na {asar Syria.
A ranar 18 ga watan Satumba, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunayen wa]ansu ‘yan
}ungiyar Hamas, watau Muhammed Deif, da Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar, da
kuma Rawhi Mushtaha, a matsayin ‘yan ta’adda. An san irin rawar da Sinwar da
Mushtaha suka taka, wajen kafa rundunar baraden }ungiyar ta Hamas, mai suna
Izzedine al-Qassam. Shi kuma Deif, babban kwamanda ne na Rundunar ta Izzedine
al-Qassam Brigade.
A ranar 9 ga watan Satumbar, }asar Amirka ta sanya sunan wani dakaren }ungiyar
al-Qa’ida, a Arewacin Afrika, Abu Ubaydah Yusuf al-Anabi, a matsayin ]an
ta’adda. A cikin wani faifan bidiyo, na watan Afrilun 2013, al-Anabi ya yi kira ga
munanan masu tsauraran ra’ayoyi, da su yun}ura kai hari ga duk wa]ansu
kayayyakin {asar Faransa, dake duniya, mai yiwuwa domin mayar da martanin
tsoma bakin da }asar ta Faransa ta yi, a {asar Mali.
A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, }asar Amirka, ta saka sunayen mutane 10, da kuma
}ungiyoyi biyar, dake da ala}a da dakarun ‘yan ta’adda, a }asashen Algeria, da
Indonesia, da Iraq, da Syria, da Turkey, da kuma Yemen:
Rustam Aselderov shine wanda tsohon kwamandan Daular Caucasus, kuma
jagoran }ungiyar ISIL, ta Lardin na Caucasus, (ISIL-CP), a yanzu. Aselderov ya
kauce zuwa Daular ta Caucasus, ya kuma yi rantsuwar bayar da kai ga Abu Bakr
al-Baghdadi, a farkon watan Disambar 2014. Shi kuma kakakin al-Baghdadi ya
amince da rantsuwar, inda har ya na]a Aselderov a matsayin “sarki”, a }ungiyar ta
ISIL-CP.
Haka, ana tuhumar wani ]an }asar Faransa, Peter Cherif, a matsayin dakaren
}ungiyar ta’addancin duniya, kuma wakili ga }ungiyar al-Qa’ida, dake yankin
Mashigin Arabia, (AQAP). An kuma kama shi yana yi wa }ungiyar al-Qa’ida ya}i,
a {asar Iraq (AQI), a kusa da garin Fallujah, a shekarar 2004. An ]aure shi,
tsawon shekaru 15, a Birnin Baghdad, a watan Yulin 2006, bisa ga samunsa da
laifin tsallako kan iyaka. Amma, a cikin watan Maris na 2007, ya ku~uta, ya kuma
gudu zuwa {asar Syria, lokacin da aka kai wani harin ta’addancin da aka fasa
gidan kurkukun birnin Baghdad. An sake kama shi, a }asar ta Syria, inda aka
maido shi {asar Faransa, domin ya yi sar}ar watanni 18. Amma, an yi ma sa
talalar har sai an gama shari’a, sai kuma ya arce zuwa {asar Yemen. An kuma
yanke wa Cherif ]aurin shekaru biyar, duk da baya nan, bisa ga samunsa da laifin
zama wakilin wata }ungiyar ta’addanci.
Shi kuma Tarkhan Ismailovich Gaziyev gasur}umin ]an tashin hankali ne, a
Arewacin Caucasia, wanda aka yi ta samu da hannu a ta’addancin {asar
Chechenya, tun shekarar 2003. A 2007, Gaziyev ya zama kwamandan rundunar
kudu maso yammacin Daular Caucasus, dake }asar ta Chechnya, ya kuma aiwatar
da ]imbin hare-hare. Gaziyev ya raba }ungiyar, a shekarar 2010, ya kuma tafi
{asar Turkey. A halin yanzu yana jagorancin wata }ungiya ne, a {asar Syria, da
aka sani da suna “Tarkhan Jamaat,” wadda ita ma wani ~angare ne, na }ungiyar
ISIL, kuma ya yi ya}i, a yankin Latakia, na {asar Syria.
Shi kuma Boubaker Hakim, ]an {asar Faransa, ya ta~a zama ]aya daga cikin
wakilan }ungiyar Ansar al-Shari’a, ta {asar Tunisia. Hakim ya amsa laifin kashe
wa]ansu ‘yan siyasar {asar Tunisia, a 2013. Yanzu kuma wakili ne, a }ungiyar
ISIL.
Shi ma, Maxime Hauchard, wanda ]an {asar Faransa ne, taho ne daga {asar
Syria, domin shiga }ungiyar ta ISIL in watan Agustar 2013. An gane Hauchard na
daga cikin dakarun }ungiyar ta ISIL, da ya bayyana, a cikin wani faifan bidiyo, na
fille kai, a watan Nuwambar 2014, wanda ya nuna ana fille kawunan ]imbin
sojojin {asar Syria, an kuma nuna inda aka fille kawunan sojojin {asar Amirka da
aka kame.
Shamil Izmaylov kuma, ]an ta’addan {asar Rasha ne, wanda a yanzu ake
gwabzawa da shi, a {asar Syria. Kafin ya je }asar ta Syria, a 2012, Izmaylov ya yi
daffo, a {asar Masar, inda kuma ya kafa cibiyarsa, ta horar da ‘yan ta’adda, a
}asar. A tsakiyar shekarar 2013, Izmaylov ya kafa wani reshe na }ungiyar ISIL,
masu amfani da harshen {asar Rasha, a garin Raqqa, dake da wani sansanin na
dakaru. Bugu da }arin shiga fa]an na {asar Syria, Izmaylov ya jima, yana da
ala}a da Daular Caucus.
Ita kuma wata ‘yar {asar Ingila, Sally Jones, wanda ta baro }asar ta Ingila, zuwa
}asar ta Syria, a 2013, domin shiga }ungiyar ta ISIL, ta kuma shiga cikin dakaru,
domin gwabza ya}in na }ungiyar ta ISIL, tare da marigayin mijinta, Junaid
Hussain. Jones da Hussain sukan kai hare-hare ga sansanonin sojojin {asar
Amirka, ta hanyar buga labarun “ya}in sari-ka-no}e”, a yanar-gizo, domin
bun}asa hare-haren wa]ansu mutane. Jones tana amfani da shafukan yanar-gizo,
wajen ]aukar dakaru, mata, da su shiga }ungiyar ta ISIL. A watan Agustar 2015, ta
bayar da shawarwari ga wa]ansu, bisa ga irin yadda ake }era boma-bomai, a gida,
domin su kai hare-hare kan }asar ta Ingila.
Gulmurod Khalimov, kuma, ]an {asar Tajikistan – wanda tsohon kanar ne, a
sashen hare-hare, na musamman, a }asar ta Tajikistan, kuma kwamandan ‘yan
sanda ne, wanda ke da masaniya kan harkokin soja – zaunannen }asar ne, ta Syria,
wanda yana daga cikin masu ]aukar dakaru da horar da su, a }ungiyar ISIL, dake
{asar Syria. Khalimov ya bayyana, a wani faifai, na farfaganda, da ta tabbatar da
cewa, shi sojan }ungiyar ta ISIL ne.
Ita kuma Emilie Konig, wadda ‘yar }asar Faransa ce, ta yi tattaki zuwa }asar ta
Syria, a 2012, domin shiga da kuma yi wa }ungiyar ISIL artabu. Yayinda take a
}asar ta Syria, Konig ta umurci wa]ansu mutane, a }asar ta Faransa, da su kai hari
kan cibiyoyin gwamnati. A wani faifan bidiyo, na ranar 31 ga watan Mayun 2013,
an nuna Konig tana koyar da yadda ake amfani da makamai, a }asar ta Syria.
Shi kuma ]an {asar Ingila, Nasser Muthana, ya yi tattaki ne, zuwa }asar ta Syria,
aga yankin Cardiff, na {asar Ingila, a watan Nuwambar 2013, domin ya yi wa
}ungiyar ta ISIL ya}i. A watan Yunin 2014, an nuna Muthana, a cikin wani faifan
farfagandar }ungiyar ta ISIL, inda shi, da wa]ansu turawa biyu, suka yi }o}arin
shawo kan wani Musulmi, dake Yamma, da ya shiga wannan ya}in. a cikin
bidiyon, Muthana ya amsa shiga ya}e-ya}en na }asar ta Syria, ya kuma bayyana
}udurinsa, na zuwa }asashen Iraq, da Lebanon, da kuma Jordan, domin ci gaba da
wannan ya}in. Har ila yau, Muthana na amfani da shafukan yanar-gizo, domin yin
barazana ga gwamnatin {asar Ingila, game da dawowarsa, zuwa }asar ta Ingila,
don ya nuna sabuwar bajintar da ya samu, a }asar ta Syria.
Reshen }ungiyar ISIL na Lardin Caucasus, (ISIL-CP), ya zama sabon reshen
}ungiyar, na yanki, a ranar 23 ga watan Yunin 2015, lokacin da kakakin }ungiyar
ta ISIL, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ya saki wani faifan bidiyo, inda ya amince da
barrartar dakarun na yankuna hu]u, na yankunan na Caucasus – Chechnya, da
Dagestan, da Ingushetia, da kuma Kabardino-Balkaria. A ranar 2 ga watan
Satumbar 2015, }ungiyar ta ISIL-CP, ta ]auki alhakin harin da aka kai ga sansanin
sojojin {asar Rasha, a garin Magaramkent, dake kudancin yankin Dagestan, inda
aka kashe, aka kuma raunata sojojin {asar Rasha, da dama. A watan Disambar
2015, }ungiyar ta kuma amince da wani harbin da aka yi, kusa da dandalin ilmi na
Derbent, dake yankin Dagestan, a }asar ta Rasha, inda aka kashe wani mutum, aka
kuma jikkata mutane goma sha ]aya.
Shi kuma reshen Jund al-Khilafah, na {asar Algeria, (JAK-A), wani ~angare ne,
na }ungiyar ta ISIL, dake wanda}a, a {asar Algeria. {ungiyar ta ~ullo ne, a cikin
watan Satumbar 2014, lokacin da wa]ansu kwamandodin }ungiyar AQIM, dake
yankin tsakiya, suka ~alle, daga }ungiyar ta AQIM, suka kuma bayyana goyon
bayansu ga }ungiyar ISIL. Reshen na JAK-A, ya yi }aurin suna, a satar mutanen
da aka yi, a cikin watan Satumbar 2014, da kuma fille kan wani ]an {asar Faransa,
mai suna Herve Gourdel.
{ungiyar Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi, (JRTN), ta yi yun}urin ham~are
gwamnatin {asar Iraq, da aiwatar da [ari}ar Ba’athi, ko makamanciyar gwamnati.
Da farko ta bayyana borenta ga Ha]in Gwiwar Sojojin }asar ta Iraq, a watan
Disambar 2006, don mayar da martini kan mutuwar Saddam Hussein. A kwanan
nan, }ungiyar ta taka wata gagarumar rawa, a muhimman hare-haren da }ungiyar
ISIL ta kai, ciki har da }wace garin Mosul.
{ungiyar ta ISIL-K, ta bayyana hakan ne a wani faifan bidiyon da ta aike a yanar-
gizo, a cikin watan Janairun 2015. Kwamandan Tehrik e-Taliban, ta {asar
Pakistan, Hafiz Saeed Khan ne, ya jagoranci }ungiyar ta ISIL-K, wadda ta }unshi
tsofaffin kwamandodin }ungiyar Taliban dake }asashen Pakistan da Afghanistan.
Ita kuma }ungiyar Mujahidin Indonesian Timur, (MIT), wata }ungiya ce, mai
ala}a da }ungiyar ta’addancin ISIL, a {asar Indonesia. Wakilan }ungiyar ta MIT,
na da dangantaka da sauran }ungiyoyin da {asar Amirka ta zayyana sunayensu, ga
aikin ta’addanci, FTOs, ciki har da }ungiyar Jemmah Anshorut Tauhid, da ta
Jemaah Islamiya. A cikin watan Yulin 2014, shugaban }ungiyar ta MIT, Abu
Warda Santoso, ya yi alkawarin ha]ewa da }ungiyar ta ISIL. Ita kuma }ungiyar ta
MIT sai ta }ara kangarewa, bisa ga hare-haren da take kai wa jami’an tsaro.
{asar Amirka, ta yi gyaran dokar E.O., mai lamba 13224, da ta zayyana sunan
}ungiyar Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis, (ABM), da sunan da ta ra]a ma ta, na }ungiyar
ISIL, dake Lardin Tuddan Sinai, a matsayin cikakken sunanta. {ungiyar ABM, ta
na amfani da sunan na }ungiyar ISIL, a Lardin Tuddan Sinai, a matsayin sunanta,
tun lokacin da ta barranta ga }ungiyar ta ISIL, a watan Nuwambar 2014. Tuni
}ungiyar ta ci gaba da kai hari kan {asar Masar. (A duba Sashi na 6, na
{ungiyoyin Ta’addanci na Duniya, domin bayanai game da }ungiyar ta ISIL, a
Lardin Tuddan Sinai.
{asar Amirka, ta yi gyara kan dokar E.O., mai lamba 13224, da ta zayyana sunan
}ungiyar ISIL, da ya ha]a da na {asar Islama. (A duba Sashi na 6, na {ungiyoyin
Ta’addancin Duniya, domin }arin bayanai game da }ungiyar ta ISIL.)
A ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, {asar Amirka, ta sanya sunan Maghomed
Maghomedzakirovich Abdurakhmanov, a cikin sunayen ‘yan ta’adda. An yi
imanin Abdurakhmanov ne ya fille kan wa]ansu mutanen {asar Syria, su uku. An
kuma kama shi, a cikin watan Yulin 2013, a kuma cikin watan Yuli na 2015, wata
kotun {asar Turkey ta yanke masa hukunci shekaru bakwai da rabi, a gidan sar}a,
saboda samunsa da kasance ]an }ungiyar ta’addanci.
A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, {asar Amirka ta sanya sunan Emrah Erdogan cikin
‘yan ta’adda. Erdogan, ]an {asar Jamus ne, wanda ya shiga harkar ya}i, da horar
da kurata, da kuma samar wa dakarun }ungiyoyin al-Qa’ida da al-Shabaab ku]a]e.
An ]aure Erdogan har na tsawon shekaru bakwai, a gidan wa}afin {asar Jamus, a
cikin watan Janairun 2014, bisa wa]annan laifukan, da kuma yin wayar }aryar
barazana ‘yan ta’adda ga Majalisar {asar Jamus, a cikin watan Nuwambar 2010.
[IMBIN AYYUKAN YA{AR TA’ADDANCI
A 2015, {asar Amirka ta ci gaba da ha]a hannu da }ungiyoyi, masu yawa, domin
}arfafa ya}ar ta’addanci, da tsauraran ra’ayoyi, a yankuna da kuma duniya, ciki
har da manyan }asashe, da kuma inganta harkokin mu’amalar duniya, da bun}asa
}arfin gwamnatoci, na aiwatar da shirin.
Taron Ya}ar Ta’addanci a Duniya, (GCTF). Tun lokacin da aka }addamar da shi,
a cikin watan Satumbar 2011, taron na GCTF, ya samo fiye da dolar Amirka
miliyan 300, domin tallafa wa }o}arin }asa da na yankuna, kan bun}asa cibiyoyin
farar hula, game da ya}ar ta’addanci da tsauraran ra’ayoyi. Wannan ya ha]a da
taimaka wa ingantawa, da kuma aiwatar da sharu]]an taron na GCTF, a rukunin
}asashe da kuma yankuna. Taron na GCTF, na ha]a hannu da }awayensa, na
duniya, domin canja irin yadda }asashe – musamman, wa]anda ke ku~utowa daga
mulkin mulaka’u – wajen mayar da martanin irin }alubalen da manufofin
ta’addanci da tsauraran ra’ayoyi ke haifarwa. Taron na GCTF, tare da wa]anda
suka kafa shi, su 30, (}asashe 29, da {ungiyar EU), sukan tara masu manufofin
ya}ar ta’addancin, da masu kula da shi, kazalika da masana daga Majalisar [inkin
Duniya, UN, da sauran ]imbin }ungiyoyi da }asashe, dangane da gano bukatun
shirin CT, na gaugawa, da fito da mafita, da kuma janyo hankalin masana, da
albarkatu, wajen wadata irin wa]annan bukatun, da kuma inganta ha]in kan
}asashen duniya.
Duk irin yadda ya fi mayar da hankali, kan ya}ar munanan ra’ayoyi, (CVE), da
}arfafa yin adalci ga farar hula, da ma sauran cibiyoyin dokokin dake ya}ar
ta’addanci, taron na GCTF, na da }udurin turmushe aikin ]aukar dakarun
ta’addanci, da }ara }arfin }asashen dake ya}ar duk wata barazana ta ta’addanci, a
cikin iyakokinsu da kuma yanki.
A bara, taron na GCTF, ya }addamar da sababbin shirye-shirye kamar haka:
Shirye-shiryen Tantance Harkokin Hukumomin CT da CVE na Duniya,
(ICCM): Bisa ga irin yadda take gudanar da harkokinta, a }ar}ashin taron na
GCTF, hukumar ICCM za ta inganta da kuma gudanar da duk wata }ididdiga, ta
zamani, game da abubuwan dake faruwa, kwanan nan, game da ya}ar ta’addanci
da kuma taimakon }ara }arfin shirin na CVE. Hukumar ta ICCM za ta taimaka wa
}asashen gwaji, da masu bayar da gudunmawa, da su yi gangami, da kuma ha]e
kan dukan masu bayar da gudunmawa, na da su biya dukan wata bukata,
musamman abinda ya shafi manyan harkokin Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar [inkin
Duniya, da ma Sharu]]an Babba Taron Majalisar, da suka shafi ya}ar ta’addanci,
da kuma shirin na CVE. Da farko, wannan tsarin zai mayar da hankali ne ga
}asashen gwaji, uku, – Kenya, da Nijeriya, da kuma Tunisia.
Shirin Magance Tsauraran Ra’yoyin, Rayuwar Dake Riki]ewa Tarzoma: Wannan
shirin, zai inganta kayayyakin aikin da za a iya amfani da su, wajen aiwatar da
]aukacin canja tsauraran tunanin rayuwa: tun daga }arshen gaba, da inda
gwamnatoci da al’umma ke }o}arin hana ]orewar al’umma, a fannin tunani
}ungiyar ISIL, da sauran }ungiyoyin ta’addanci; ya zuwa }arshen inda
gwamnatocin da al’umma za su bukaci kutsawa cikin duk wani ha]arin tashin
hankali, da tsauraran ra’ayoyi, da }o}arin kyautata su, na tsawon lokaci, da ma
yiwuwar sake fasalin tunani da ha]e kan }ungiyoyi, ya-Allah, a ciki ne, ko wajen
duk wata dokar dake hukunta aikata laifuka. Ma}asudin kafa taron na GCTF, ga
]aukacin tunanin ma’aikata, shine domin a fa]a]a kyawawan ayyukan taron na
GCTF, a yanzu, da kuma inganta biyan bukatun }arun kayayyakin aikin magance
]aukacin duk wani tsatstsauran ra’ayi, daga hanawa, ko kuma yin katsalandan ga
sake fasalin tunani da ha]in kan.
Har ila yau, taron na GCTF, na }arfafa gwiwar hukumomi uku, da za su bayar da
damar aiwatar da horo, mai ]orewa, da kuma albarkatun da za su tallafa wa
hukumar CVE, da }arfafa dokoki.
Shirin Hedayah, wanda yake a Birnin Abu Dhabi, shine na farko, a cikin
kyawawan al’amurra, na duniya, na hukumar ta CVE, wadda ke kiran tarurrukan
kwasosin horarwa da }arin }arfin mayar da hankali ga manufofin al’umma, da
shigowarsu ga al’amurra, da hukumar ta CVE, da harkokin ilmi, da hukumar ta
CVE, kuma da harkokin sadarwa. Shirin Hedayah ya bun}asa Sharu]]a Dabaru da Kyawawan Hanyoyin Inganta Hukumar, a {asa, wanda wata }asida ce, dake
jagoranci sha’awar gwamnatocin }asashe, a yankunan dake tasowa, ko dabarun
hukumar ta CVE, na }asa, ko kuma harkokin hukumar CVE, a matsayin ~angaren
fa]a]ar dabaru, ko kuma ayyukan ta’adanci.
An }addamar da Shirin Cibiyoyin shari’a da Dokoki na Duniya, (IIJ), dake {asar
Malta, a watan Yunin 2014, a matsayin cibiyar da za ta mayar da hankali wajen
wadata ‘yan sanda, da masu gabatar da }ararraki, da al}alai, da masu koyar da
tarbiyya, da ‘yan majalisu, da sauran masu kula da harkokin shari’a, tare da bayar
da horo da kayayyakin aikin da ake bukata, na magance ta’addanci, da abinda ya
shafi aikata laifuka a tsakanin }asashe. A 2015, shirin na IIJ, ya horar da al}alai,
da masu gabatar da }ararraki, da masu bincike, da ‘yan majalisu, da sasuran
masana, da }wararru kan harkokin shari’ar laifuka, fiye da 450, daga }asashe fiye
da 30. Wa]ansu daga cikin harkokin da shirin na IIJ ya tallafa wa, a bara, sun ha]a
da tsare-tsaren: tun~uke ha]a]]un }ungiyoyin ta’addanci; da giggina kafofin
ha]in kan harkokin shari’a; da magance satar mutane, domin samun diyya; da ha]a
dan}on bin dokoki, yayinda }asashe masu tasowa ke ya}ar manufofin ta’addanci;
da taimama wa tsaron kan iyakoki; da ya}ar rashin adalcin }ungiyoyin ta’addancin
duniya; da }o}arin }arfafa duk wani taimako na shari’a; da tallafa wa manyan
jami’an harkokin shari’a, wajen inganta harkokin na shari’ar laifuka, domin
}alubalantar ta’addanci; da kiran taron na GCTF, game da Taro Kan Dokokin
{ungiyoyin Dake Aikata Manyan Laifuka; da kuma inganta shirin wakilan
majalisun dake yankunan da ake ya}ar ta’addanci.
A watan Yunin 2014, Asusun Tallafa wa Shigar Al’umma ga Harkoki, da Kuma
Yin Ha}uri, na Duniya, (GCERF), ya fara aiki, gadan-gadan, a Birnin Geneva, a
matsayin asusun dake }ar}ashin dokar {asar Switzerland, inda ya gudanar da
Taron Darektocinsa, na farko, a cikin watan Nuwambar wannan shekarar.
{asashen gwajin kuma sune, Bangladesh, da Mali, da kuma Nijeriya. A 2015,
kowace }asar, ta gwaji, ta kafa “wani shirin taimakawa” wanda zai kusantar da
gwamnati, da al’ummar farar hula, da ma kamfanoni, da juna, domin inganta
bukatun tantancewa da kuma kula da duk wani ci gaban duk wata gudunmawar da
aka bayar. A kuma kafa wani Kwamiti Mai Zaman Kansa, domin ya ri}a
bincikawa da kuma bayar da shawarwari, game da gudunmawar. Gudunmawar za
ta mayar da hankali ne, kan tsare-tsaren da za su }arfafa ha}urewa a kuma ya}ar
duk wani tsatstsauran ra’ayi. A watan Disambar 2015, Hukuamr Darektocin ta
amince da a }ara yawan }asashen da }asashen Burma, da Kenya, da kuma
Kosovo, da za su amfana, da kuma sake bincikar daftarin da ya zayyana sunayen
}asashen gwajin.
Majalisar [inkin Duniya, UN, abokiyar aiki ce, kuma mai shiga harkokin na Shirin
GCTF. Shirin na GCTF kuma, ya kasance wani jigo na ci gaba da aiwatar da dukan
yarjejeniyoyin da Dabarun Ya}ar Ta’addanci na Majalisar [inkin Duniya suka
amince wa, da ma ]aukacin taimakawa, da kuma agaza wa duk wani }o}arin da
ake yi, na ya}ar ta’addanci, tun daga na Majalisar ta UN. Shirin kuma na GCTF,
abokin aiki ne, tare da fa]a]a ]imbin ayyukan }ungiyoyin yanki, ciki har da
Majalisar {asashen Turai, da Hukumar OSCE, da {ungiyar {asashen Afrika, da
ma Hukumar Inganta Harkokin Gwamnatoci, (IGAD).
Majalisar [inkin Duniya, (UN). [orewa da kuma yin aiki da dabaru, a majalisar ta
UN, game da al’amurran ya}ar ta’addanci, na daga cikin abubuwan da {asar
Amirka ke bai wa fifiko. A ]aukacin shekarar 2015, Kwamitin Harkokin Tsaro na
Majalisar [inkin Duniya, (UNSC), ya dage, kan irin yadda dakarun }ungiyoyin
ta’addanci ke }umajin kwararowa, ta hanyar inganta aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar ta
Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar [inkin Duniya, (UNSCR), ta 2178, a (2014), a Sashe
na VII, wanda ya umurci bin yarjejeniyar dake bukatar dukan }asashe su “hana, da
dakusar da ]aukar dakaru, da }ungiyoyi, da safara, ko kuma bayar da kayayyakin
aiki” ga duk wani dakaren }ungiyar ta’addanci, kazalika da ku]a]e ga dakarun
}ungiyoyin waje, domin zirga-zirga da wa]ansu harkokin.” {asashen Lithuania,
da Spain da kuma Amirka ne, suka jagoranci zaman taron, a lokacin da
shugabannin kwamitin na UNSC, dake mayar da hankali kan matakan inganta
tsaron harkokin kan iyakoki; da hukuntawa, da kuma hana zirga-zirgar dakarun
}ungiyoyin ta’addancin waje, da kuma ya}ar munanan ra’ayoyi, (CVE), da ma
bayar da ku]a]en ya}ar }ungiyar ISIL. A 2015, kwamitin na UNSC, ya amince da
sauran dabarun ya}ar ta’addancin, ciki har da: Yarjejeniya ta 2199, ta kwamitin na
UNSCR, domin dakusar da }ungiyoyin na ISIL, da al-Nusrah Front, da kuma
sauran ma}arraban dake bai wa irin su }ungiyar al-Qa’ida (AQ), ku]a]e, da mayar
da hankali, na musamman, ga dakatar da fasa }waurin mai, da satar jama’a domin
samun diyya, da kuma duk wata haramtacciyar sana’ar kayayyakin tarihi, daga
{asar Syria; da Yarjejeniyar Kwamitin UNSCR, ta 2250, da ta jaddada irin rawar
da matasa za su taka, wajen ya}ar ta’addanci, da kuma ya}ar munanan ra’ayoyin
da za su kai ga aikata ta’addanci; da kuma Yarjejeniyar Kwamitin na UNSCR, ta
2253, na fa]a]a wargaza duk wata kafar da }ungiyoyin AQ da ISIL ke samun
ku]a]e. Bugu da }ari, {asar Amirka, ta tsunduma, tare da ]imbin wakilan
Majalisar ta UN, game da ya}ar ta’addanci, wanda ya ha]a da: