sat prep booklet 0910v
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The SAT®
2009
- 10
Practice TestUse the answer sheet inside, or input your answers online to receive a free score report at www.collegeboard.com/practice
The SATPractice Test
Use the answer sheet inside,or input your answers online toreceive a free score report atwww.collegeboard.com/practice
achievem o r e “
SAT
-2-
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(Copy and grid as onback of test book.)
FORMCODE
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SERIAL #
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ZIPCODE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
TEST FORM(Copy from back of test book.)
REGISTRATION NUMBERTEST BOOK
SERIAL NUMBER
SEX
2009-10 SAT®
You must use a No. 2 pencil. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It is very importantthat you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response, eraseas completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score. It isvery important that you follow these instructions when filling out your answer sheet.
MARKS MUST BE COMPLETE
COMPLETE MARK EXAMPLES OF INCOMPLETE MARKS
1
2 3 5 9
6 8 10
4
Your Name: (Print)
Last First M.I.
I agree to the conditions on the front and back of the SAT booklet. I also agree to use only a No. 2 pencil to complete my answer sheet.
Signature: Date:
Home Address:
Home Phone: Test Center:(Print)
(Print)
MM DD YY
Number and Street City State Zip Code ( )
City State/Country
YOUR NAME DATE OFBIRTH
Last Name(First 6 Letters)
First Name(First 4 Letters)
Mid.Init.
(Copy from Admission Ticket.)
Female Male
(Copy from front of test book.)
MONTH YEARDAY
I turned in my Registration Form today.
\ \
Important: Fill in items 8 and 9exactly as shown on the back of testbook.
© 2009 The College Board. All rights reserved.College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board.
182573-001:654321 ISD8333
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77188-771 Printed in U. .A.
C‘o
ficllegeBoard 2009-10 SAT®MARKS MUST BE COMPLETE You mus t use a No. 2 pencil. Do n o t use a mechanicalpencil. I t is very important
that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely If you change your response, eraseCOMPLETE MARK EXAMPLES OF A ® © ® as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score. It is
INCOMPLETE MARKS O very important that you follow these instructions when filling out your answer sheet.
n Your Name:(Print)
I agree to the con::tions onthe front and back of the SAT booklet. I also agree to use only alr:Io.2pencil to complete myanswer sheet. II
Signature: Date: { l
Home Address: MM DD YY(Print) Number and Street City State Zip Code
Home Phone: ( ) Test Center:(Print) City State/Country
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O O O O O OWOO 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O m O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O M O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O m O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O W O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O m O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 O O O O O O O O 0 0| turned in my Registration Form today. 0 O O 0
8888888888 8888ZIP TEST0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ° ° ° E 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m “ 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0mmawwfi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08888888 I 77188-77188 - N876§SE7202-Printed in U.S.A.
O O O O O O 0 College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registeredtrademarks of the College Board.
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I prefer NOT to grant the College Board the right to use, reproduce, or publish my essay for any purposebeyond the assessment of my writing skills, even though my name will not be used in any way in conjunctionwith my essay. I understand that I am free to mark this circle with no effect on my score.
IMPORTANT: USE A NO. 2 PENCIL. DO NOT WRITE OUTSIDE THE BORDER!Words written outside the essay box or written in ink WILL NOT APPEAR in the copysent to be scored, and your score will be affected.
Begin your essay on this page. If you need more space, continue on the next page.
Continue on the next page, if necessary.Page 2
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{O I prefer NOT to grant the College Board the right to use, reproduce, or publish my essay for any purpose
beyond the assessment of my writing skills, even though my name will not be used in any way in conjunctionwith my essay. I understand that I am free to mark this circle with no effect on my score.
IMPORTANT: USE A N0. 2 PENCIL. DO NOTWRITE OUTSIDE THE BORDER!Words written outside the essay box or written in ink WILL NOT APPEAR in the copysent to be scored, and your score will be affected.
Begin your essay on this page. If you need more space, continue on the next page.
Page 2 Continue on the next page, if necessary.
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Continuation of ESSAY Section 1 from previous page. Write below only if you need more space.IMPORTANT: DO NOT START on this page ––if you do, your essay may appear blank and your score may be affected.
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{Continuation of ESSAY Section 1 f rom previous page. Write below only if you need more space.IMPORTANT: DO NOT START on th is page ‐ ‐ i f you do, your essay may appear blank and your score may be affected.
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Student-Produced Responses
CAUTION Grid answers in the section below for SECTION 2 or SECTION 3 only if directed to do so in your test book.
ONLY ANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDED WILL BE SCORED. YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN IN THE BOXES.
10 11 12 13
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Quality
AssuranceMark
COMPLETE MARKEXAMPLES OF
INCOMPLETE MARKS
You must use a No. 2 pencil and marks must be complete. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It isvery important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response,erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score.
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EXAMPLES OF A ® (9 ® You must use a No. 2 penci l a n d marks must be complete. Do n o t use a mechanical pencil. It isCOMPLETE MARK o 22:42:2112232221:21:}:72:52:7552221':272,215:11:13,:m9;:7:'
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O N L YANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDED WILL BE SCORED.YOU WILL NOT RECEIVECREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN IN THE BOXES. Quality
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SECTION
4
SECTION
5
9
Student-Produced Responses
CAUTION Grid answers in the section below for SECTION 4 or SECTION 5 only if directed to do so in your test book.
ONLY ANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDED WILL BE SCORED. YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN IN THE BOXES.
10 11 12 13
15 16 17 1814
Quality
AssuranceMark
You must use a No. 2 pencil and marks must be complete. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It isvery important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response,erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score.
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SECT.4 OR 5ONLY
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COMPLETE MARKEXAMPLES OF
INCOMPLETE MARKS 0 ©A © ® You must use a No. 2 penci la n d marks must be complete. Do no t use a mechanicalpencil. It is
very important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely It you change your response,erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score.
Quality
AssuranceMark 9
14
0 © ® ® 11121314151617181920
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SIUdent-PI'Oduced Responses ONLY ANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDED WILL BESCORED. YOU WILL NOT RECEIVECREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN IN THE BOXES.
13
18
-7-
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
CC
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\PLEASE DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
SERIAL #
SECTION
6
SECTION
7
9
Student-Produced Responses
CAUTION Grid answers in the section below for SECTION 6 or SECTION 7 only if directed to do so in your test book.
ONLY ANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDED WILL BE SCORED. YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN IN THE BOXES.
10 11 12 13
15 16 17 1814
Quality
AssuranceMark
You must use a No. 2 pencil and marks must be complete. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It isvery important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response,erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score.
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10
11121314151617181920
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Page 6
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SECT.6 OR 7ONLY
{
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A (1)(D You must use a No. 2 penci l and marks must be complete. Do no t use a mechanical pencil. It isEXAMPLES OF very important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely If you change your response,COMPLETE MARK
INCOMPLETE MARKS O erase ascompletely aspossible. Incomplete marks orerasures may affect your score.
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O N L YANSWERS THAT ARE GRIDDEDWILL BE SCORED.YOU WILL NOT RECEIVECREDIT FOR ANYTHING WRITTEN INTHE BOXES.
9 I l l AQuality
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COMPLETE MARKEXAMPLES OF
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INCOMPLETE MARKS 0 © erase ascompletely aspossible. Incomplete marks orerasures may affect your score.
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SERIAL #
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SPECIAL QUESTIONS
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A B C D E F G H JI
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CERTIFICATION STATEMENTCopy the statement below (do not print) and sign your name as you would an official document.
I hereby agree to the conditions set forth online at collegeboardcom and in the SAT Paper Registration Guide and certify that I am theperson whose name and address appear on this answer sheet.
Signature Date
By registering, you agreed not to share any specific test questions or essay topics with anyone by any form of communication, including,but not limited to: e-mail, text messages, or use of the Internet. Doing so can result in score cancellation and other possible sanctions.
SPECIAL QUESTIONS
1 ® 0 © © ® ® © ® ® ®2 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®3 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®4 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®5 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®6 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®7 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®8 ® O © © ® ® © ® ® ®
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@ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o SERIAL#-9‑
g
NotesNotes
g
NotesNotes
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ESSAY Time — 25 minutes
Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY. The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely. Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet—you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Important Reminders:
x A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero. x Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your
answer sheet. x An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero. x If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores may be canceled. You have twenty-five minutes to write an essay on the topic assigned below.
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
A colleague of the great scientist James Watson remarked that Watson was always “lounging around, arguing about problems instead of doing experiments.” He concluded that “There is more than one way of doing good science.” It was Watson’s form of idleness, the scientist went on to say, that allowed him to solve “the greatest of all biological problems: the discovery of the structure of DNA.” It is a point worth remembering in a society overly concerned with efficiency. Adapted from John C. Polanyi, “Understanding Discovery”
Assignment: Do people accomplish more when they are allowed to do things in their own way? Plan and write an essay
in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET.
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.
1 2::Smartizztzis°lé2fie°‘ 1
ESSAYTime ‐ 25minutes
Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY.
The essay gives you anopportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, takecare to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.
Your essay must bewritten on the lines provided onyour answer sheet‐you wi l l receive noother paper onwhich towrite.You wi l l have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size.Remember that people who are no t familiar with your handwriting wi l l readwhat you write. Try to write or print sothat whatyou are writing is legible to those readers.
ImportantReminders:
0 A pencil is required for the essay. An essay writtenin ink wi l l receive a score of zero.0 Do not write your essay in your test book. You wi l l receive credit only for what you write on your
answer sheet.0 An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.0 If your essay does not reflect your original and individualwork, your test scores may becanceled.
You have twenty-five minutes to write anessay on the topic assigned below.
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
A colleague of the great scientist James Watson remarked that Watson was always “loungingaround, arguing about problems instead of doing experiments.” He concluded that “There ismore than one way of doing good science.” It was Watson’s form of idleness, the scientistwent on to say, that allowedhim to solve “the greatest of all biological problems: the discoveryof the structure of DNA.” It is apoint worth remembering in a society overly concerned withefficiency.Adapted from John C. Polanyi, “Understanding Discovery”
Assignment: Do people accomplish more when they are allowed to do things in their own way? Plan and write anessayin which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your positionwith reasoning and examplestaken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
BEGINWRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET.
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
-12‑
-13-
SECTION 2 Time — 25 minutes
20 Questions
Turn to Section 2 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
1. When 70 000, is written as 7 0 10. ,� n what is the
value of n ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5
2. On a car trip Sam drove m miles, Kara drove twice as
many miles as Sam, and Darin drove 20 fewer miles than Kara. In terms of m, how many miles did Darin drive?
(A) 2 20m �
(B) 2 20m �
(C) m2
20�
(D) m � 202
(E) m2
20�
3. If x and y are positive integers, what are all the solutions � �,x y of the equation 3 2 11x y� ?
(A) 1 4,b g only
(B) 3 1,b g only
(C) 1 4,b g and 2 2,b g (D) 1 4,b g and 3 1,b g (E) 2 2,b g and 3 1,b g
Unauthorized copying or reuse oiany part of this page is illegal.
SECTION 2Time ‐ 25 minutes
20Questions
Turn to Section 2 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. F i l l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
( l. The use of a calculator is permitted.2. All numbers used are real numbers.
m 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.é They are drawn asaccurately aspossible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in aplane unless otherwise indicated.4. Unless otherwise specified. the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f(x) is a real number.
5 o .h h b R M r s AVEN" ' ‑I W 300 450
a t\5 5bA=rrr2 1A= [w A= 5b]: V= ( w hC = 27” Special Right TrianglesV=Irr3h ( '2=c12+[)2
The number of degrees of arc in aCircle is 360.The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is ISO.
1. When 70,000 is written as 7.0 x 10”, what is the 3. If x and y are positive integers, what are all thevalue of n 7 solutions (x, y) of the equation 3x + 2y 2 ll ?
(A) 1 (A) (1,4) only(B) 2 (B) (3 1)only(C) 3 ’(D) 4 (C) (l,4) and (2,2)(E) 5 (D) (1,4) and (3,1)
(E) (2,2) and (3, )
2. On a car trip Sam drove m miles, Kara drove twice asmany miles asSam, and Darin drove 20 fewer milesthan Kara. In terms of m, how many miles did Darindrive?
(A) 2m + 20
(B ) 2m ‐ 20
(C) % + 20m + 2 0
2(D)
m‐ ‐ 2 02(E) GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
-13‑
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4. A company’s profit, P, in dollars, for producing x machines in one day is given by P x x �500 20 2 . If the company produces 10 machines in one day, then, according to this formula, what is the profit for that day?
(A) $5,000 (B) $4,000 (C) $3,000 (D) $2,000 (E) $1,000
12 12 12� �n n, ,
5. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of the 3 quantities in the list above?
(A) 4
(B) 12
(C) 18
(D) 43
� n
(E) 123
� n
6. In isosceles triangle ABC above, AM and CM are the angle bisectors of angle BAC and angle BCA. What is the measure of angle AMC ?
(A) 110q (B) 115q (C) 120q (D) 125q (E) 130q
7. A fruit salad is made from pineapples, pears, and peaches mixed in the ratio of 2 to 3 to 5, respectively, by weight. What fraction of the mixture by weight is pineapple?
(A) 15
(B) 310
(C) 25
(D) 12
(E) 23
8. In the figure above, square RSTU is inscribed in the circle. What is the degree measure of arc p ?ST
(A) 45� (B) 60� (C) 90� (D) 120� (E) 180�
9. If P and Q are two sets of numbers, and if every
number in P is also in Q, which of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) 4 is in both P and Q. (B) 5 is in neither P nor Q. (C) 6 is in P, but not in Q. (D) 7 is in Q, but not in P. (E) If 8 is not in Q, then 8 is not in P.
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
7. A fruit salad is made from pineapples, pears, and4. A company’s profit, P, in dollars, for producingx machines in one day is given by P = 500x ‐ 20x2.If the company produces 10 machines in one day, then,according to this formula, what is the profit for thatday?(A) $5,000(B) $4,000(C) $3,000(D) $2,000(E) $1,000
12‐11, 12, 1 2 + n
. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of the3 quantities in the list above?
(A ) 4
(B ) 12
(C) 18
n(D) 4+3)1E 1 2 ‑( ) + 3
AA C
6. In isosceles triangle ABC above, W and C‐M arethe angle bisectors of angle BAC and angle BCA.What is the measure of angle AMC ?
(A) 110°(B) 115°(C) 120°(D) 125°(E) 130°
-14‑
peaches mixed in the ratio of 2 to 3 to 5, respectively,by weight. What fraction of the mixture by weight ispineapple?
(A) g
(B) %
(C) g
(D) i
(E) g
R U
. In the figure above, square RSTU is inscribed in thecircle. What is the degree measure of arc 3‘7" ?
(A) 45°(B) 60°(C) 90°(D) 120°(E) 180°
. If P and Q are t w o sets of numbers, and if everynumber in P is also in Q, which of the followingCANNOT be true?
(A) 4 is in both P and Q.(B) 5 is in neither P nor Q.(C) 6 is in P, but no t in Q.(D) 7 is in Q, but no t in P.(E) If 8 is no t in Q, then 8 is no t in P.
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
-15-
10. What is the maximum number of rectangular blocks measuring 3 inches by 2 inches by 1 inch that can be packed into a cube-shaped box whose interior measures 6 inches on an edge?
(A) 24 (B) 28 (C) 30 (D) 36 (E) 40
11. If a � 0 and 5 5x
ax a
��
, what is the value of x ?
(A) �5 (B) �1 (C) 1 (D) 2 (E) 5
12. The figure above is composed of 25 small triangles that are congruent and equilateral. If the area of DFH! is 10, what is the area of ?AFK!
(A) 40 (B) 42.5 (C) 50 (D) 52.5 (E) 62.5
3 2 2 193 14x y zx y z� � � �
13. If the equations above are true, which of the following is the value of y z� ?
(A) �5 (B) �4 (C) 0 (D) 4 (E) 5
14. A boat costs x dollars, and this cost is to be shared equally by a group of people. In terms of x, how many dollars less will each person contribute if there are 4 people in the group instead of 3 ?
(A) 12x
(B) 4x
(C) 3x
(D) 712x
(E) 7x
15. If y x x � �2 3 2and , which of the following represents all the possible values for y ?
(A) y � 7 (B) y ! 7 (C) y � 5 (D) y ! 5 (E) 5 7� �y
16. The graphs of the functions f and g in the interval from 2x � to 2x are shown above. Which of the following could express g in terms of f ?
(A) � � � �1g x f x � (B) � � � � 1g x f x � (C) � � � �1 1g x f x � � (D) � � � �1g x f x � (E) � � � � 1g x f x �
2 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany pan of this page is illegal. 2
10. What is the maximum number of rectangular blocksmeasuring 3 inches by 2 inches by 1 inch that can bepacked into acube-shaped box whose interior measures6 inches on an edge?
m ) m@ ) %m ) wm ) %@ ) m
11. ¢0and§=5+ax x + a
I f a , what is the value of x ?
( A ) - 5( B ) - 1(C) 1(D) 2(E) 5
12. The figure above is composed of 25 small triangles thatare congruent and equilateral. If the area of ADFH is10, what is the area of AAFK ?
m ) mm ) @ 5m ) w® ) fl 5@ ) @ 5
13.
3 x + 2 y + 2 2 = 1 93 x + y + z = 1 4
If the equations above are true, which of the followingis the value of y + z ?
( A ) - 5( B ) - 4(C) 0(D) 4(E) 5
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14. A boat costs x dollars, and this cost is to be sharedequally by a group of people. In terms of x, how manydollars less wi l l each person contribute if there are4 people in the group instead of 3 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
( m h
15. If y = 2x + 3 and x < 2, which of the followingrepresents all the possible values for y ?
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
y < 7y > 7y < 5y > 55 < y < 7
16. The graphs of the functions f and g in the intervalfrom x = ‐2 to x = 2 are shown above. Which ofthe following could express g in terms of f?
( m d fl = f fi + 0( m d fl = f ® fl 4( O d fl = f U + D + 1( m d fl = f U - U( B d fl = f ® ¥ 4
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17. In the figure above, a shaded polygon which has equal sides and equal angles is partially covered with a sheet of blank paper. If x y� 80, how many sides does the polygon have?
(A) Ten (B) Nine (C) Eight (D) Seven (E) Six
18. If s, t, u, and v are the coordinates of the indicated points on the number line above, which of the following is greatest?
(A) s t�
(B) s v�
(C) s t�
(D) s v�
(E) s u�
19. On the day of a rainstorm, the depth of the water at a certain location along the Winding River was recorded hourly, and the results are indicated in the line graph above. Each unit on the vertical axis represents 1 foot. If the depth of the water decreased 10 percent from 3:00 P.M. to 4:00 P.M., what was the depth of the water at 4:00 P.M.?
(A) 3 feet (B) 15 feet (C) 18 feet (D) 20 feet (E) 30 feet
20. For all numbers a and b, let a b! be defined by
a b ab a b! � � . For all numbers x, y, and z, which of the following must be true?
I. x y y x! ! II. � � � � � �1 1 1x x x x� � �! !
III. � � � � � �x y z x y x z� �! ! !
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II, and III
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
2
17.
Paper
In the figure above, a shaded polygon which has equalsides and equal angles is partially covered with a sheetof blank paper. If x + y = 80, how many sides doesthe polygon have?
(A) Ten(B) Nine(C) Eight(D) Seven(E) Six
18.
S I H V
‐:%‐2'‐i b '1 23If s, t, u, and v are the coordinates of the indicatedpoints on the number line above, which of thefollowing is greatest?
(A) ls+tl(B) |s+v|(C) ls‐tl(D) ls‐vl(E) ls+ul
S T O P
Unauthorized copying or reuse 01any pan of this page is illegal.
19.
2DEPTH OF THE WINDING RIVER
1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00Time of Day ( P M )
On the day of a rainstorm, the depth of the water at acertain location along the Winding River was recordedhourly, and the results are indicated in the line graphabove. Each unit on the vertical axis represents 1 foot.If the depth of the water decreased 10 percent from3:00 P M . to 4:00 P.M., what was the depth of the waterat4:00 P.M.?(A) 3 feet(B) 15 feet(C) 18 feet(D) 20 feet(E) 30 feet
20. For all numbers a and b, let a O b be defined bya O b = ab + a + b. For all numbers x, y, and 2,which of the following must be true?
I. x 0 y = y 0 xI I . ( x‐ l)©(x +1) = ( x 0 x ) ‐ l
I I I . x0 (y + z) = (XQy) + (x02)(A) Ion ly(B) II only(C) I I Ionly(D) I and II only(E) I, I I , and I I I
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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SECTION 4 Time — 25 minutes
24 Questions
Turn to Section 4 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
Example:
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both labor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful (B) end . . divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend . . satisfactory (E) resolve . . acceptable
1. Some fans feel that sports events are ------- only when
the competitors are of equal ability, making the outcome of the game -------.
(A) successful . . assured (B) boring . . questionable (C) dull . . foreseen (D) interesting . . predictable (E) exciting . . uncertain
2. Alfred Schnittke’s musical compositions are -------:
phrases are clipped, broken into sections, and split apart by long rests.
(A) garnished (B) improvisational (C) fragmented (D) cautious (E) uniform
3. The consumer advocate claimed that while drug
manufacturers ------- the supposed advantages of their proprietary brands, generic versions of the same medications are often equally -------.
(A) tout . . efficacious (B) research . . innocuous (C) market . . prohibitive (D) laud . . counterproductive (E) extract . . prescriptive
4. Latoya’s ------- is shown by her ability to be -------: she can see her own faults more clearly than anyone else can.
(A) perceptiveness . . self-centered (B) objectivity . . restrictive (C) cynicism . . self-destructive (D) open-mindedness . . complacent (E) insightfulness . . self-critical
5. The bearded dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so -------
that it will consume as many insects as possible.
(A) abstemious (B) cannibalistic (C) slovenly (D) insatiable (E) unpalatable
6. Because drummer Tony Williams paved the way for
later jazz-fusion musicians, he is considered a ------- of that style.
(A) connoisseur (B) revivalist (C) beneficiary (D) disparager (E) progenitor
7. The politician’s speech to the crowd was composed of
nothing but -------, a bitter railing against the party’s opponents.
(A) digressions (B) diatribes (C) platitudes (D) machinations (E) acclamations
8. Favoring economy of expression in writing, the
professor urged students toward a ------- rather than an ------- prose style.
(A) spare . . ornate (B) terse . . opinionated (C) personal . . academic (D) baroque . . embellished (E) repetitive . . intricate
n u n Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. u u u 4
SECTION 4Time ‐ 25 minutes
24Questions
Turn to Section 4 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fil l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or t w o blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled Athrough E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, lLst fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.
Example:Hoping to ---- --- the dispute, negotiators proposeda compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome . . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable ® © @ .
4.
1. Some fans feel that sports events are ---- --- only whenthe competitors are of equal ability, making theoutcome of the game ------‐ .
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
successful . . assuredboring . . questionabledull . . foreseeninteresting . . predictableexciting . . uncertain
. Alfred Schnittke’s musical compositions are -------:phrases are clipped, broken into sections, and splitapart by long rests.
(A) garnished(C) fragmented
(B) improvisational(D) cautious (E) uniform
. The consumer advocate claimed that while drugmanufacturers ------- the supposed advantagesof their proprietary brands, generic versions ofthe same medications are often equally ---- --- .
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
tout . . efficaciousresearch . . innocuousmarket . . prohibitivelaud . . counterproductiveextract . . prescriptive
-17.
Latoya’s ------- is shown by her ability to be -------:she can see her o w n faults more clearly than anyoneelse can.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
perceptiveness . . self-centeredobjectivity . . restrictivecynicism . . self-destructiveopen-mindedness . . complacentinsightfulness . . self-critical
. The bearded dragon lizard is a voracious eater, so ------‑that it wi l l consume asmany insects aspossible.
(B) cannibalistic(E) unpalatable
(A) abstemious(D) insatiable
(C) slovenly
Because drummer Tony Williams paved the way forlater jazz-fusion musicians, he is considered a ------‑of that style.
(B) revivalist(E) progenitor
(A) connoisseur (C) beneficiary(D) disparager
The politician’s speech to the crowd was composed ofnothing but -------, abitter railing against the party’sopponents.
(A) digressions(D) machinations
(B) diatribes (C) platitudes(E) acclamations
Favoring economy of expression in writing, theprofessor urged students toward a ------- ratherthan an ------- prose style.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
spare . . ornateterse . . opinionatedpersonal . . academicbaroque . . embellishedrepetitive . . intricate
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The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Food has always been considered one of the most salient markers of cultural traditions. When I was a small child, food was the only thing that helped identify my family as Filipino American. We ate pansit lug-lug (a noodle dish) and my father put patis (salty fish sauce) on everything. 5 However, even this connection lessened as I grew older. As my parents became more acculturated, we ate less typically Filipino food. When I was twelve, my mother took cooking classes and learned to make French and Italian dishes. When I was in high school, we ate chicken 10 marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipino dishes like pansit lug-lug.
Passage 2
Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin—who in 1825 confi- dently announced, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are”—would have no trouble describing 15 cultural identities of the United States. Our food reveals us as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrained by tradition. We “play with our food” far more readily than we preserve the culinary rules of our varied ancestors. Americans have no single national cuisine. What unites 20 American eaters culturally is how we eat, not what we eat. As eaters, Americans mingle the culinary traditions of many regions and cultures. We are multiethnic eaters. 9. Which of the following statements best captures
the relationship between the two passages?
(A) Passage 1 notes problems for which Passage 2 proposes solutions.
(B) Passage 1 presents claims that are debunked by Passage 2.
(C) Passage 2 furnishes a larger context for the experiences described in Passage 1.
(D) Passage 2 provides an update of the situation depicted in Passage 1.
(E) Passage 2 uses material presented in Passage 1 to correct a popular misconception.
10. The author of Passage 2 would most likely regard the mother’s willingness to “make French and Italian dishes” (lines 9-10, Passage 1) as
(A) laughably pretentious (B) understandably conservative (C) typically American (D) a regrettable compromise (E) a surprising attitude
11. The two passages differ in their discussions of food
primarily in that Passage 1
(A) considers specific dishes eaten by particular people, whereas Passage 2 comments on a culture’s general attitude toward eating
(B) contrasts the cuisines of different cultures, whereas Passage 2 emphasizes culinary practices common to all cultures
(C) presents an abstract theory of food, whereas Passage 2 offers a historical analysis of consumption
(D) emphasizes the role of nostalgia in food preferences, whereas Passage 2 rejects that approach as overly sentimental
(E) outlines some popular choices in cuisine, whereas Passage 2 underscores those that are more unusual
12. Unlike the author of Passage 2, the author of
Passage 1 makes significant use of
(A) direct quotation (B) sociological analysis (C) hypothetical assumptions (D) historical sources (E) personal experience
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4 n n n Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. |Z||Z||Z|4
The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following apair of related passages may alsobebased on the relationship between the pairedpassages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in thepassages and in any introductory material that may beprovided.
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Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.
Passage 1Food has always been considered one of the most salient
markers of cultural traditions. When I was a small child,food was the only thing that helped identify my family asFilipino American. We ate pansit lug-lug (a noodle dish)and my father putpatis (salty fish sauce) on everything.However, even this connection lessened asI grew older.As my parents became more acculturated, we ate lesstypically Filipino food.When I was twelve, my mothertook cooking classes and learned to make French andItalian dishes. When I was in high school, we ate chickenmarsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipinodishes likepansit lug-lug.
Passage 2Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin‐who in 1825 confi‑
dently announced, “Te l l me what you eat, and I wi l l tellyou who you are ” ‐wou ld have no trouble describingcultural identities of the United States. Our food revealsus as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrainedby tradition. We “play with our food” far more readilythan we preserve the culinary rules of our varied ancestors.Americans have no single national cuisine. What unitesAmerican eaters culturally is how we eat, not what weeat. As eaters, Americans mingle the culinary traditionsof many regions and cultures. We are multiethnic eaters.
9. Which of the following statements best capturesthe relationship between the two passages?(A) Passage 1notes problems for which Passage 2
proposes solutions.(B) Passage 1presents claims that are debunked
by Passage 2.(C) Passage 2 furnishes a larger context for
the experiences described in Passage 1.(D) Passage 2 provides anupdate of the situation
depicted in Passage 1.(E) Passage 2 uses material presented in Passage 1
to correct apopular misconception.
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10.
11.
12.
The author of Passage 2 would most likely regardthe mother’s willingness to “make French andItaliandishes” (lines 9-10, Passage 1) as
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
laughably pretentiousunderstandably conservativetypically Americana regrettable compromisea surprising attitude
The two passages differ in their discussions of foodprimarily in that Passage 1(A) considers specific dishes eaten by particular
people, whereas Passage 2 comments ona culture’s general attitude toward eating
contrasts the cuisines of different cultures,whereas Passage 2 emphasizes culinarypractices common to all cultures
presents an abstract theory of food, whereasPassage 2 offers a historical analysis ofconsumption
emphasizes the role of nostalgia in foodpreferences, whereas Passage 2 rejectsthat approach asoverly sentimental
outlines some popular choices in cuisine,whereas Passage 2 underscores thosethat are more unusual
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Unlike the author of Passage 2, the author ofPassage 1makes significant use of(A) direct quotation(B) sociological analysis(C) hypothetical assumptions(D) historical sources(E) personal experience
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Questions 13-24 are based on the following passages.
The passages below discuss the possibility of locating intelligent life on other planets. Passage 1 has been adapted from a 1999 book on the history of the universe. Passage 2 was excerpted from a 2000 book on the scientific quest for extraterrestrial life.
Passage 1
Generations of science-fiction movies have conditioned us to consider bug-eyed monsters, large-brained intellectual humanoids, and other rather sophisticated extraterrestrial creatures as typical examples of life outside Earth. The reality, however, is that finding any kind of life at all, even 5 something as simple as bacteria, would be one of the most exciting discoveries ever made.
The consensus within the scientific community seems to be that we eventually will find not only life in other parts of the galaxy but also intelligent and technologically advanced 10 life. I have to say that I disagree. While I believe we will find other forms of life in other solar systems (if not in our own), I also feel it is extremely unlikely that a large number of advanced technological civilizations are out there, waiting to be discovered. The most succinct support 15 for my view comes from Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi, the man who ran the first nuclear reaction ever controlled by human beings. Confronted at a 1950 luncheon with scientific arguments for the ubiquity of technologically advanced civilizations, he supposedly 20 said, “So where is everybody?”
This so-called Fermi Paradox embodies a simple logic. Human beings have had modern science only a few hun- dred years, and already we have moved into space. It is not hard to imagine that in a few hundred more years we will 25 be a starfaring people, colonizing other systems. Fermi’s argument maintains that it is extremely unlikely that many other civilizations discovered science at exactly the same time we did. Had they acquired science even a thousand years earlier than we, they now could be so much more 30 advanced that they would already be colonizing our solar system.
If, on the other hand, they are a thousand years behind us, we will likely arrive at their home planet before they even begin sending us radio signals. Technological 35 advances build upon each other, increasing technological abilities faster than most people anticipate. Imagine, for example, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current global communication system, were he alive today. Where are 40 those highly developed extraterrestrial civilizations so dear to the hearts of science-fiction writers? Their existence is far from a foregone conclusion.
Passage 2
Although posed in the most casual of circumstances, the Fermi Paradox has reverberated through the decades 45 and has at times threatened to destroy the credibility of those scientists seriously engaged in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research program.
One possible answer to Fermi’s question (“If there are extraterrestrials, where are they?”) is that extraterrestrials 50 have in fact often visited Earth, and continue to do so. This is the answer of those who believe in the existence of unidentified flying objects, or UFO’s. But few scien- tists, even those engaged in SETI, take the UFO claims seriously. “You won’t find anyone around here who 55 believes in UFO’s,” says Frank Drake, a well-known SETI scientist. If one discounts the UFO claims, yet still believes that there are many technological civilizations in the galaxy, why have they not visited us? Drake’s answer is straightforward: “High-speed interstellar travel is so 60 demanding of resources and so hazardous that intelligent civilizations don’t attempt it.” And why should they attempt it, when radio communication can supply all the information they might want?
At first glance, Drake’s argument seems very persua- 65 sive. The distances between stars are truly immense. To get from Earth to the nearest star and back, traveling at 99 percent of the speed of light, would take 8 years. And SETI researchers have shown that, to accelerate a spacecraft to such a speed, to bring it to a stop, and 70 to repeat the process in the reverse direction, would take almost unimaginable amounts of energy.
Astronomer Ben Zuckerman challenges Drake’s notion that technological beings would be satisfied with radio communication. “Drake’s implicit assumption is 75 that the only thing we’re going to care about is intelli- gent life. But what if we have an interest in simpler life-forms? If you turn the picture around and you have some advanced extraterrestrials looking at the Earth, until the last hundred years there was no evidence of intelligent 80 life but for billions of years before that they could have deduced that this was a very unusual world and that there were probably living creatures on it. They would have had billions of years to come investigate.” Zuckerman contends that the reason extraterrestrials haven’t visited us is that so 85 few exist.
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25
30
35
40
“4 . u u u Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of [ h i s page is illegal. [ I U D
Questions 13-24 are based on the following passages.
The passages below discuss the possibility of locatingintelligent life on otherplanets. Passage 1 has beenadaptedfrom a 1999book on the history of the universe.Passage 2 was excerptedfrom a 2000 book on thescientific questfor extraterrestrial life.
Passage 1Generations of science-fiction movies have conditioned
us to consider bug-eyedmonsters, large-brained intellectualhumanoids, and other rather sophisticated extraterrestrialcreatures as typical examples of life outside Earth. Thereality, however, is that finding any kind of life at all, evensomething assimple asbacteria, would be one of the mostexciting discoveries ever made.
The consensus within the scientific community seems tobe that we eventually wi l l find no t only life in other parts ofthe galaxy but also intelligent and technologically advancedlife. I have to say that I disagree. While I believe we wi l lfind other forms of life in other solar systems ( i f no t inour own), I also feel it is extremely unlikely that a largenumber of advanced technological civilizations are outthere, waiting to be discovered. The most succinct supportfor my view comes from Nobel laureate physicistEnrico Fermi, the man who ran the first nuclear reactionever controlled by humanbeings. Confronted at a 1950luncheon with scientific arguments for the ubiquity oftechnologically advanced civilizations, he supposedlysaid, “So where is everybody?”
This so-called Fermi Paradox embodies a simple logic.Humanbeings have had modern science only a few hun‑dred years, and already we have moved into space. It is nothard to imagine that in a few hundred more years we wi l lbe astarfaring people, colonizing other systems. Fermi’sargument maintains that it is extremely unlikely that manyother civilizations discovered science at exactly the sametime we did. Had they acquired science even a thousandyears earlier than we, they now could be somuch moreadvanced that they would already be colonizing our solarsystem.I f , on the other hand, they are a thousand years behind
us, wewi l l likely arrive at their home planet before theyeven begin sending usradio signals. Technologicaladvances build upon each other, increasing technologicalabilities faster than most people anticipate. Imagine, forexample, how astounded even agreat seventeenth-centuryscientist like Isaac Newtonwould be by our current globalcommunication system, were he alive today. Where arethose highly developed extraterrestrial civilizations so dearto the hearts of science-fiction writers? Their existence isfar from a foregone conclusion.
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
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Passage 2Although posed in the most casual of circumstances,
the Fermi Paradox has reverberated through the decadesand has at times threatened to destroy the credibilityof those scientists seriously engaged in the Search forExtraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research program.
One possible answer to Fermi’s question ( “ I f there areextraterrestrials, where are they?”) is that extraterrestrialshave in fact often visited Earth, and continue to do so.This is the answer of those who believe in the existenceof unidentified flying objects, or UFO’s. But few scien‑tists, even those engaged in SETI, take the UFO claimsseriously. “You won’t find anyone around here whobelieves in UFO’s,” says Frank Drake, awell-knownSETI scientist. If one discounts the UFO claims, yet stillbelieves that there are many technological civilizations inthe galaxy, why have they not visited us? Drake’s answeris straightforward: “High-speed interstellar travel is sodemanding of resources and sohazardous that intelligentcivilizations don’t attempt it.” And why should theyattempt it, when radio communication can supply allthe information they might want?
At first glance, Drake’s argument seems very persua‑sive. The distances between stars are truly immense.To get from Earth to the nearest star and back, travelingat 99 percent of the speed of light, would take 8 years.And SETI researchers have shown that, to acceleratea spacecraft to such a speed, to bring it to a stop, andto repeat the process in the reverse direction, wouldtake almost unimaginable amounts of energy.
Astronomer BenZuckerman challenges Drake’snotion that technological beings would be satisfied withradio communication. “Drake’s implicit assumption isthat the only thing we’re going to care about is intelli‑gent life. But what if we have an interest in simplerlife-forms? If you turn the picture around and you havesome advanced extraterrestrials looking at the Earth, untilthe last hundred years there was no evidence of intelligentlife but for billions of years before that they could havededuced that this was a very unusualworld and that therewere probably living creatures on it . They would have hadbillions of years to come investigate.” Zuckerman contendsthat the reason extraterrestrials haven’t visited us is that sofew exist.
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13. Which statement about the Fermi Paradox is supported by both passages?
(A) It articulates a crucial question for those interested in the existence of extraterrestrials.
(B) It clarifies the astronomical conditions required to sustain life on other planets.
(C) It reveals the limitations of traditional ideas about the pace of technological change.
(D) It demonstrates the scientific community’s fascination with the concept of interstellar travel.
(E) It suggests that advanced extraterrestrial civilizations may be uninterested in our culture.
14. Which statement best describes a significant difference
between the two passages?
(A) Passage 1 analyzes a literary form, while Passage 2 argues that literature has little bearing on science.
(B) Passage 1 presents an argument, while Passage 2 surveys current opinion in a debate.
(C) Passage 1 concludes by rejecting the Fermi Paradox, while Passage 2 opens by embracing it.
(D) Passage 1 describes a phenomenon, while Passage 2 details a belief system that would reject such a phenomenon.
(E) Passage 1 defends a viewpoint, while Passage 2 questions that viewpoint’s place in scientific research.
15. The author of Passage 1 mentions “monsters,”
“humanoids,” and “creatures” (lines 2-4) primarily to
(A) question the literary value of science fiction (B) contrast fictional notions with a scientific
perspective (C) offer examples of the human fear of the unknown (D) criticize science fiction for being unduly alarmist (E) suggest that scientific research has been influ-
enced by science fiction 16. In line 17, “ran” most nearly means
(A) fled (B) accumulated (C) traversed (D) managed (E) incurred
17. Passage 1 suggests that the Fermi Paradox depends most directly on which assumption?
(A) Extraterrestrial civilizations may not wish to be discovered by human beings.
(B) Extraterrestrial civilizations would most likely have discovered technology at about the same time human beings discovered it.
(C) Extraterrestrial technology would develop at roughly the same rate as human technology.
(D) Extraterrestrial civilizations would inevitably use technology for aggressive ends.
(E) Science is a more powerful form of human knowledge than are art and literature.
18. The claim made in Passage 1 that a “consensus”
exists (lines 8-11) would most likely be interpreted by the author of Passage 2 as
(A) evidence of compromise in the scientific community
(B) an attack on SETI researchers (C) support for Fermi’s analysis (D) a revelation of an unexpected truth (E) an oversimplification of a complex debate
19. The author of Passage 1 mentions Isaac Newton
(lines 37-40) in order to
(A) emphasize the rapid rate of technological innovation
(B) acknowledge the impact of a profound thinker (C) criticize the inflexibility of Newton’s
contemporaries (D) speculate about Newton’s influence on current
research (E) highlight the value of scientific curiosity
20. In lines 44-48, the author of Passage 2 indicates that
the Fermi Paradox has been
(A) thoroughly misunderstood (B) surprisingly influential (C) overwhelmingly perplexing (D) intermittently popular (E) frequently misquoted
4 n n n Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. u n n 4
13.
14.
15.
16.
Which statement about the Fermi Paradox is supportedby both passages?(A) It articulates a crucial question for those interested
in the existence of extraterrestrials.(B) It clarifies the astronomical conditions required
to sustain life on other planets.(C) It reveals the limitations of traditional ideas
about the pace of technological change.(D) It demonstrates the scientific community’s
fascination with the concept of interstellartravel.
(E) It suggests that advanced extraterrestrialcivilizations may be uninterested in ourculture.
Which statement best describes a significant differencebetween the t w o passages?
(A) Passage 1 analyzes a literary form, whilePassage 2 argues that literature has littlebearing on science.
(B) Passage 1 presents an argument, while Passage 2surveys current opinion in a debate.
(C) Passage 1 concludes by rejecting the FermiParadox, while Passage 2 opens byembracing it.
(D) Passage 1 describes aphenomenon, whilePassage 2 details abelief system that wouldreject such aphenomenon.
(E) Passage 1defends a viewpoint, while Passage 2questions that viewpoint’s place in scientificresearch.
The author of Passage 1mentions “monsters,”“humanoids,” and “creatures” (lines 2-4)primarily to
(A)(B)
(C)(D)(E)
question the literary value of science fictioncontrast fictional notions with a scientific
perspectiveoffer examples of the human fear of the unknowncriticize science fiction for being unduly alarmistsuggest that scientific research has been influ‑
enced by science fiction
In line 17, “ran” most nearly means
(A) fled(B) accumulated(C) traversed(D) managed(E) incurred
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17. Passage 1 suggests that the Fermi Paradox dependsmost directly on which assumption?(A) Extraterrestrial civilizations may not wish to be
discovered by human beings.(B) Extraterrestrial civilizations would most likely
have discovered technology at about the sametime human beings discovered it.
(C) Extraterrestrial technology would develop atroughly the same rate ashuman technology.
(D) Extraterrestrial civilizations would inevitablyuse technology for aggressive ends.
(E) Science is a more powerful form of humanknowledge than are art and literature.
18. The claim made in Passage 1 that a “consensus”exists (lines 8-11) would most likely be interpretedby the author of Passage 2 as(A) evidence of compromise in the scientific
communityan attack on SETI researcherssupport for Fermi’s analysisa revelation of an unexpected truthanoversimplification of acomplex debate
(B)(C)(D)(E)
19. The author of Passage 1 mentions Isaac Newton(lines 37-40) in order to
(A) emphasize the rapid rate of technologicalinnovation
acknowledge the impact of aprofound thinkercriticize the inflexibility of Newton’s
contemporariesspeculate about Newton’s influence on current
researchhighlight the value of scientific curiosity
(B)(C)
(D)
(E)
20. In lines 44-48, the author of Passage 2 indicates thatthe Fermi Paradox has been
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
thoroughly misunderstoodsurprisingly influentialoverwhelmingly perplexingintermittently popularfrequently misquoted
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-21-
21. How would Frank Drake (line 56, Passage 2) most likely respond to the statement by the author of Passage 1 about humans “colonizing other systems” (line 26) ?
(A) The means to accomplish such a project may be beyond our reach.
(B) Interstellar colonization is as morally problematic as was colonization on Earth.
(C) We would do better to study indigenous life-forms rather than search for extraterrestrial creatures.
(D) Humans would be wise to consider that they themselves are subject to colonization.
(E) Funding for such an undertaking would pose a thorny political issue for any government.
22. In line 57, “claims” most nearly means
(A) demands (B) assertions (C) rights (D) territories (E) compensations
23. In line 63, “radio communication” is cited as a
(A) complex interaction (B) technological relic (C) common occurrence (D) practical alternative (E) dramatic advance
24. Both the author of Passage 1 and Ben Zuckerman
(line 73, Passage 2) imply that researchers seeking life on another planet should focus on which of the following?
(A) Seasonal variations in color due to plant life (B) Evidence of the most basic forms of life (C) Signs of artificially created structures (D) Signals that might be radio communications (E) Changes in geological surface features
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
4 n n n Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. n u n 4
21.
22.
How would Frank Drake (line 56, Passage 2) mostlikely respond to the statement by the author ofPassage 1 about humans “colonizing other systems”(line 26) ?
(A) The means to accomplish such aproject may bebeyond our reach.
(B) Interstellar colonization is asmorally problematicaswas colonization on Earth.
(C) We would do better to study indigenous life-formsrather than search for extraterrestrial creatures.
(D) Humans would be wise to consider that theythemselves are subject to colonization.
(E) Funding for such anundertaking would posea thorny political issue for any government.
In line 57, “claims” most nearly means
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
demandsassertionsrightsterritoriescompensations
S T O P
23.
24.
In line 63, “radio communication” is cited asa
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
complex interactiontechnological reliccommon occurrencepractical alternativedramatic advance
Both the author of Passage 1 and BenZuckerman(line 73, Passage 2) imply that researchers seeking lifeon another planet should focus on which of thefollowing?(A) Seasonal variations in color due to plant life(B) Evidence of the most basic forms of life(C) Signs of artificially created structures(D) Signals that might be radio communications(E) Changes in geological surface features
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
-21‑
-22-
SECTION 5 Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
Turn to Section 5 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book and she was sixty-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) when she was sixty-five (C) at age sixty-five years old (D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) at the time when she was sixty-five
1. The library is older than it but still just as beautiful as
the courthouse.
(A) older than it but still just as beautiful as the courthouse
(B) older and it is just as beautiful as the courthouse (C) older than the courthouse; it is just as beautiful as it (D) older than the courthouse but just as beautiful (E) just as beautiful as the courthouse and it is older
than it
2. Winslow Homer, one of America’s foremost artists, spent his last 27 years and painted on the scenic Maine coast.
(A) spent his last 27 years and painted (B) spent his last 27 years having painted (C) spent his last 27 years painting (D) having spent his last 27 years doing his painting (E) spending his last 27 years painting
3. Researchers are experimenting with various techniques
for preventing the accumulation in water of high levels of nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals.
(A) nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals (B) nitrogen; plants and animals can be killed (C) nitrogen, that is what can kill plants and animals (D) nitrogen, they could kill plants and animals (E) nitrogen, and they can kill plants and animals
4. When the news spread how new goldfields were
discovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands abandoned Dawson, the site of the previous gold rush.
(A) how new goldfields were discovered (B) how there was discovery of new goldfields (C) about new goldfields, which they discovered (D) about new goldfields, and they were discovered (E) about new goldfields that had been discovered
5. When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War,
began to be torn down in 1989, five million people went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A) to celebrate that (B) for its celebration (C) to celebrate (D) in celebration of that (E) in celebrating
5 5 : Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of lhis page is illegal. . 2 5 5
SECTION 5Time ‐ 25 minutes
35Questions
Turn to Section 5 (page 5) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fil l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and effectivenessof expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentenceis underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways ofphrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats theoriginal phrasing; the other four choices are different. Ifyou think the original phrasing produces abetter sentencethan any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, selectone of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements ofstandard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.Your selection should result in the most effectivesentence‐clear and precise, without awkwardness orambiguity.
EXAMPLE:Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first bookand she was siXtV-five vears old then.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
and she was sixty-five years old thenwhen she was sixty-fiveat age sixty-five years oldupon the reaching of sixty-five yearsat the time when she was sixty-five
® O © ® ©
1. The library is older than it but still just asbeautiful asthe courthouse. 5
(A) older than it but still just asbeautiful asthecourthouse
(B) older and it is just asbeautiful as the courthouse(C) older than the courthouse; it is just asbeautiful asit(D) older than the courthouse but just asbeautiful(E) just asbeautiful as the courthouse and it is older
than it
-22‑
Winslow Homer, one of America’s foremost artists,spent his last 27 vears and painted on the scenic Mainecoast.
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
spent his last 27 years and paintedspent his last 27 years having paintedspent his last 27 years paintinghaving spent his last 27 years doing his paintingspending his last 27 years painting
Researchers are experimenting with various techniquesfor preventing the accumulation in water of high levelsof nitrogen, which can k i l l plants and animals.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
nitrogen, which can k i l l plants and animalsnitrogen; plants and animals can be killednitrogen, that is what can k i l l plants and animalsnitrogen, they could k i l l plants and animalsnitrogen, and they can k i l l plants and animals
When the news spread how new goldfields werediscovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands abandonedDawson, the site of the previous gold rush.
(A) how new goldfields were discovered(B) how there was discovery of new goldfields(C) about new goldfields, which they discovered(D) about new goldfields, and they were discovered(E) about new goldfields that had been discovered
. When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War,began to be torn down in 1989, five million peoplewent to Berlin to celebrate that.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
to celebrate thatfor its celebrationto celebratein celebration of thatin celebrating
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
-23-
6. To complete the music program, a student must present one vocal performance, one instrumental performance, and composing one original work.
(A) and composing one original work (B) and one original composition (C) with one original composition (D) and to compose one original work (E) as well as the student’s original composition
7. Zookeepers have expanded one’s definition of care to
include concern for the animal’s mental state as well as for its physical well-being.
(A) have expanded one’s definition of care to include (B) have expanded one’s definition of care, including (C) expand their definition of care, they include (D) expanding the definition of care to include (E) have expanded their definition of care to include
8. The time and the place for such a large event is subject
to approving from the mayor’s office.
(A) The time and the place for such a large event is subject to approving from the mayor’s office.
(B) For such a large event, the time and the place are subject to the mayor’s office’s approving them.
(C) The time and the place for such a large event are subject to the approval of the mayor’s office.
(D) The time and place for such a large event are subject to be approved by the office of the mayor.
(E) Subject to the approval of the mayor’s office are the time and place for such a large event taking place.
9. New Zealand’s Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedly beautiful spit of land, borders an undersea canyon that is home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.
(A) borders an undersea canyon that is (B) bordering an undersea canyon, (C) and it borders an undersea canyon, which is (D) which borders an undersea canyon, (E) is the border of an undersea canyon, being
10. In similarity with some other great works, the enduring
horror tale Frankenstein was first published anonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote the novel when she was not quite nineteen years old.
(A) In similarity with (B) As (C) Like what happened with (D) Like the case with (E) Like
11. The book is useful because it offers not just phi-
losophy and theory but also tells you what and how to live every day.
(A) but also tells you what and how to live every day (B) but also it gives ways of everyday living (C) but also advice for everyday living (D) but also it gives practical advice for everyday life (E) and also tells you what to do and how to live
every day
5 5 E Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. . 2 5 5
. To complete the music program, a student must presentone vocal performance, one instrumental performance,and c o m osin one ori inal work.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
and composing one original workand one original compositionwith one original compositionand to compose one original workaswell asthe student’s original composition
. Zookeepers have expanded one’s definition of care toinclude concern for the animal’s mental state aswell asfor its physical well-being.(A) have expanded one’s definition of care to include(B) have expanded one’s definition of care, including(C) expand their definition of care, they include(D) expanding the definition of care to include(E) have expanded their definition of care to include
. The time and the place for such a large event is subjectto approving from the mayor ’s office.
(A) The time and the place for such a large event issubject to approving from the mayor’s office.
(B) For such a large event, the time and the place aresubject to the mayor’s office’s approving them.
(C) The time and the place for such a large event aresubject to the approval of the mayor’s office.
(D) The time and place for such a large event aresubject to be approved by the office of themayor.
(E) Subject to the approval of the mayor’s office arethe time and place for such a large event takingplace.
-23‑
9.
10.
11.
New Zealand’s Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedlybeautiful spit of land, borders anundersea canvon thati_s home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
borders an undersea canyon that isbordering anundersea canyon,and it borders an undersea canyon, which iswhich borders an undersea canyon,is the border of an undersea canyon, being
In similarity with some other greatworks, the enduringhorror tale Frankenstein was first publishedanonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote thenovel when she was no t quite nineteen years old.
(A) In similarity with( B ) A s(C) Like what happened with(D) Like the case with(E) Like
The book is usefulbecause it offers not just phi‑losophy and theory but also tells you what and how tolive every day.(A) but also tells you what and how to live every day(B) but also it gives ways of everyday living(C) but also advice for everyday living(D) but also it gives practical advice for everyday life(E) and also tells you what to do and how to live
every day
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
-24-
The following sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. EXAMPLE:
The otherA
delegates and himB
immediately
C
accepted the resolution drafted byD
the
neutral states. No errorE
12. The country found that its economy was growingA
,more strongerB
with an improvedC
outlook and more
opportunities for trainingD
and employment. No errorE
13. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains
A
delicate
patterns that are
B
unique to
C
each person, offering a
powerful means of
D
identification. No error
E
14. The newly elected
A
Prime Minister, to the dismay
B
of opponents from other parties, have argued
C
for
the strict regulation of
D
campaign financing. No error
E
15. Studies have suggested
A
that eating nuts—almonds
in particular—might help to lower
B
blood cholesterol
levels in humans and reducing
C
the risk of heart disease
by protecting
D
the blood vessels. No error
E
16. In
A
English literature James Boswell is the prime
example of a biographer who, by ensuring
B
the
immortality of another
C
author, has achieved
immortality for himself .
D
No error
E
17. Because the garden was untended
A
, the windows
had no
B
shutters, and the lawn overrun
C
by weeds,
people passing by
D
the old house assumed that
it was unoccupied. No error
E
5 5 : Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of lhis page is illegal. . 2 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognizegrammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains eithera single error or no error at all. No sentence contains morethan one error. The error, if there is one, is underlinedand lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select theone underlined part that must be changed to make thesentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E.In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standardwritten English.
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and immediatelyA B C
accepted the resolution drafted by theD
neutral states. No errorE
(D 0 (9 ® ®
12. The country found that its economy was growingA
more stronger, with an improved outlook and moreB C
opportunities for training and employment. No errorD E
13. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains delicateA
patterns that E unique to each person, offering aB C
powerful meansof identification. No error
D E
14.
15.
16.
17.
-24‑
The newly elected Prime Minister, to the dismayA B
of opponents from other parties, have argued forC
the strict regulation of campaign financing. No error
D E
Studies have suggested that eating nuts‐almondsA
in particular‐might help to lower blood cholesterolB
levels in humans and reducing the risk of heart diseaseC
by protecting the blood vessels. No error
D E
I_n English literature James Boswell is the primeAexample of abiographer who, by ensuring the
Bimmortality of another author, has achieved
Cimmortality for himself. No error
D E
Because the garden was untended , the windowsA
had no shutters, and the lawn overrun by weeds,B C
people passingby the old house assumed thatD
it was unoccupied. No error
E
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
-25-
18. Until recently, most people entering
A
politics feel
B
that
loss of privacy was a fair price
C
to pay for
D
the chance
to participate in policy making. No error
E
19. Only by tapping
A
their last reserves of energy were
B
the
team members able to salvage
C
what was beginning
D
to look like a lost cause. No error
E
20. When Doris Lessing published The Golden Notebook
in 1962, it
A
instantly established
B
herself as one
C
of
the most important
D
literary voices of her generation.
No error
E
21. Not manyA
authors have describedB
the effects
of environmental pollution as effective asC
Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model forD
nature writers. No errorE
22. It wasA
a Chinese American grower who finally
succeeded with adaptingB
the now familiarC
orange tree toD
the American climate. No errorE
23. The survey indicated that workers in the United States
hope
A
that his or her
B
wages will keep pace with
C
the rising
D
cost of living. No error
E
24. In Angkor, Cambodia’s ancient city, a cleverA
designed reservoir, five miles long and one mile wide,
supplied fishB
andC
helped farmers to produceD
three crops of rice annually. No errorE
25. Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncle
flew fromA
Turkey to visit their relatives and tourB
the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and IC
to
her house to meetD
them. No errorE
S S E Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. . 2 1 5 5
18.
19.
20.
21.
Until recently, most people entering politics E thatA B
loss of privacy was afair price to pay fg the chanceC D
to participate in policy making. No error
E
Only by tapping their last reserves of energy E theA B
team members able to salvage what was beginningC D
to look like a lost cause. No error
E
When Doris Lessing published The Golden Notebook
in 1962, instantly established herself asone ofA B C
the most important literary voices of her generation.D
No errorE
Not many authors have described the effectsA B
of environmental pollution aseffective asC
Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model forD
nature writers. No errorE
-25‑
22.
23.
24.
25.
It was a Chinese American grower who finallyA
succeeded with adapting the n o w familiarB C
orange tree t_o the American climate. No errorD E
The survey indicated that workers in the United States
m that his or her wages wil l keeppace withA B C
the cost of living. No error
D E
In Angkor, Cambodia’s ancient city, a cleverA
designed reservoir, five miles long and one mile wide,
supplied fish fl helped farmers to produceB C D
three crops of rice annually. No errorE
Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncle
flew from Turkey to visit their relatives and tourA B
the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and l toC
her house to meet them. No errorD E
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
-26-
26. OngoingA
research by several scientists suggestB
that
regular periods of meditation reduceC
blood pressure
and are likely toD
contribute to other improvements
in health. No errorE
27. Because the American Indian rodeo includes games
and exhibitions developed as early as
A
the seventeenth
century, they predate
B
by
C
a few hundred years
the form
D
of rodeo now seen on television. No error
E
28. Five years in ,the writingA
her new book is
both a responseB
to her critics’ mistrust withC
her earlier findings and an elaborationD
of her
original thesis. No errorE
29. DespiteA
its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette
lostB
70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and,
by 1955, was losingC
as much asD
$200,000 a year.
No errorE
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
Read the passage and select the best answers for the questions that follow. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
(1) No one owns Antarctica. (2) The nations of the world agreed—some of them reluctantly—that all countries would share the continent for the purposes of scientific research. (3) Governed by the Antarctic Treaty, written in 1959 and adopted in 1961, which has been signed by 27 countries. (4) Another 17 countries have agreed to abide by the treaty in order to participate in research being done in Antarctica.
(5) In Antarctica, relations among the researchers and their countries are both simpler and more complicated than in the rest of the world. (6) Relations are simpler because each country has only a few scientists on this isolated continent. (7) Treaty clauses assure that the research there is nonmilitary. (8) On the other hand, when conflicts do arise, there is no clear process for dealing with them. (9) Decisions that can make or break the preservation of Antarctica’s unique environment and its scientific opportunities depend on a political system designed to have nobody in command.
(10) Clear decision making has become a more urgent challenge as more tourists are attracted to Antarctica. (11) Scientists living on Antarctica were not always as careful to preserve the pristine environment as they are now. (12) Tour operators are working with treaty members to devise regulations, and there are plans to assess the environmental impacts of tours. (13) But regulations and assessment plans may prove difficult to settle on and enforce in a place where jurisdiction is unclear. 30. What must be done to sentence 3 ?
(A) Combine it with sentence 2, putting a comma after “research”.
(B) Begin it with the words “Antarctica is”. (C) Replace the comma after “1961” with a
semicolon. (D) Place the words “it was” before “written”. (E) Change “1961, which” to “1961. It”.
5 5 : Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of lhis page is illegal. . 2 5 5
26.
27.
28.
29.
Ongoing research by several scientists suggest thatA B
regular periods of meditation reduce blood pressureC
and are likely to contribute to other improvementsD
in health. No errorE
Because the American Indian rodeo includes games
and exhibitions developed asearly as the seventeenthA
century, they predate ll a few hundred yearsB C
the form of rodeo n o w seen on television. No error
D E
Five years in the writing, her new book isA
both a response to her critics’ mistrust withB C
her earlier findings and an elaboration of herD
original thesis. No errorE
Despite its cultural importance, the Daily GazetteA
lo_st 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and,B
by 1955, was losing asmuch as $200,000 a year.C D
No errorE
-26‑
Directions: The following passage is anearly draft of anessay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
Read the passage and select the best answers for thequestions that follow. Some questions are about particularsentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improvesentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask youto consider organization and development. In choosinganswers, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
(1) No one owns Antarctica. (2) The nations ofthe world agreed‐some of them reluctantly‐that allcountries would share the continent for the purposes ofscientific research. (3) Governed by the Antarctic Treaty,written in 1959 and adopted in 1961, which has beensigned by 27 countries. (4) Another 17 countries haveagreed to abide by the treaty in order to participate inresearch being done in Antarctica.
(5) In Antarctica, relations among the researchers andtheir countries are both simpler and more complicated thanin the rest of the world. (6) Relations are simpler becauseeach country has only a few scientists on this isolatedcontinent. (7) Treaty clauses assure that the research thereis nonmilitary. (8) On the other hand, when conflicts doarise, there is no clear process for dealing with them.(9) Decisions that can make or break the preservationof Antarctica’s unique environment and its scientificopportunities depend on apolitical system designed tohave nobody in command.
(10) Clear decision making has become a more urgentchallenge asmore tourists are attracted to Antarctica.(11) Scientists living on Antarctica were no t always ascareful to preserve the pristine environment asthey arenow. (12) Tour operators are working with treaty membersto devise regulations, and there are plans to assess theenvironmental impacts of tours. (13) But regulationsand assessment plans may prove difficult to settle onand enforce in aplace where jurisdiction is unclear.
30. What must be done to sentence 3 ?
(A) Combine it with sentence 2, putting a commaafter “research”.
(B) Begin it with the words “Antarctica is”.(C) Replace the comma after “1961” with a
semicolon.(D) Place the words “ i t was” before “written”.(E) Change “1961, which” to “1961. I t ” .
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
-27-
31. What should be done with sentence 7 ?
(A) Change “assure” to “make sure”. (B) Change “Treaty clauses” to “The clauses agreed
to by the diverse countries represented there”. (C) Place sentence 7 before sentence 6. (D) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing
the period after “continent” to a comma. (E) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing
“continent. Treaty” to “continent and also because treaty”.
32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined
portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
Decisions that can make or break the preser- vation of Antarctica’s unique environment and its scientific opportunities depend on a political system designed to have nobody in command.
(A) create or destroy (B) support or dispute (C) be determined by (D) be critical to (E) be an adjustment to
33. The purpose of the second paragraph is to
(A) present a situation that has contradictory elements (B) offer a solution to a problem discussed in the first
paragraph (C) present an argument and its final resolution (D) examine a theory in light of new discoveries (E) discuss a theory that will be refuted in the third
paragraph
34. Which sentence should be deleted?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 13
35. The third paragraph would be improved if which of the
following sentences were added?
(A) Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollow tube deep into the miles-thick ice sheets.
(B) If the West Antarctic ice sheet melted, global seas would rise by 15 to 20 feet.
(C) It is the driest place in the world, yet it contains 70 percent of Earth’s freshwater.
(D) One cruise ship encountered 30-foot waves all the way across the Drake Passage.
(E) Last year, more than 10,000 tourists visited Antarctica, bringing soiled boots, climbing gear, and trash to many locations.
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
5 5 E Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. : 5 5
31.
32.
33.
What should be done with sentence 7 ?
(A) Change “assure” to “make sure”.(B) Change “Treaty clauses” to “The clauses agreed
to by the diverse countries represented there”.(C) Place sentence 7 before sentence 6.(D) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing
the period after “continent” to a comma.(E) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing
“continent. Treaty” to “continent and alsobecause treaty”.
In context, which is the best revision of the underlinedportion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?Decisions that can make or break the preser‑vation ofAntarctica ’sunique environment andits scientific opportunities depend on apolitical systemdesigned to have nobody in command.(A) create or destroy(B) support or dispute(C) be determined by(D) be critical to(E) be an adjustment to
The purpose of the second paragraph is to(A) present a situation that has contradictory elements(B) offer a solution to a problem discussed in the first
paragraph(C) present an argument and its final resolution(D) examine a theory in light of new discoveries(E) discuss a theory that wi l l be refuted in the third
paragraph
S T O P
34.
35.
Which sentence should be deleted?
(A) 1(B) 2( C ) 11(D) 12(E) 13
The third paragraph would be improved if which of thefollowing sentences were added?
(A) Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollowtube deep into the miles-thick ice sheets.
(B) If the West Antarctic ice sheet melted,global seas would rise by 15to 20 feet.
(C) It is the driest place in the world, yet it contains70 percent of Earth’s freshwater.
(D) One cruise ship encountered 30-foot waves all theway across the Drake Passage.
(E) Last year, more than 10,000 tourists visitedAntarctica, bringing soiled boots, climbing gear,and trash to many locations.
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
-27.
-28-
SECTION 6 Time — 25 minutes
18 Questions
Turn to Section 6 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1-8, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
1. If x k� 12 and p x k( ) ,� 36 what is the value
of p ?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 9 (E) 12
2. If 13 is added to one-half of a certain number, the result is 37. What is the original number?
(A) 24 (B) 40 (C) 48 (D) 61 (E) 80
6 < > < > 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. 6 < > < > 6
SECTION 6Time ‐ 25 minutes
18Questions
Turn to Section 6 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1-8, solveeach problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fi l l in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You mayuse any available space for scratchwork.
(
l. The use of a calculator is permitted.2. All numbers used are real numbers.
m 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.0‘5 They are drawn asaccurately aspossible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not2 drawn to scale. All figures lie in aplane unless otherwise indicated.
4. Unless otherwise specified. the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for whichf(x) is a real number.
x
E2 f h o C 2): 60° 45° pl?2 w V - h b X3a ' " 30° 45°
2 . ‐ b [
'5‘ A- Irr2 a pg 5g C: 271-,- A = [W A = ébh V: ( W h V= Irrzh (-3 = a3 + [71 Special RightTriangles
“E The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.M The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
1. If x + k = 12 and p(x + k) = 36, what is the value 2. If 13 is added to one-half of a certain number, theof p 7 result is 37. What is the original number?
(A) 3 (A) 24(B) 4 (B) 40(C) 6 (C) 48(D) 9 (D) 61
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3. In the figure above, the usual route from Town A to Town D is indicated by the solid line. The broken line indicates a detour route from B to C through E . Each line segment is labeled with its length in miles. How many more miles is the trip from Town A to Town D via the detour than via the usual route?
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12 (E) 18
x y
1 7.5
2 13.0
3 18.5
4 24.0
4. Which of the following equations expresses y in terms of x for each of the four pairs of values shown in the table above?
(A) y x �5 7 5. (B) y x �5 5 2. (C) y x �5 5 7 5. . (D) y x 7 5. (E) y x �7 5 5 5. .
5. In the figure above, point B lies on .AC If x and y are integers, which of the following is a possible value of x ?
(A) 30 (B) 35 (C) 40 (D) 50 (E) 55
6. The least and greatest numbers in a list of 7 real
numbers are 2 and 20, respectively. The median of the list is 6, and the number 3 occurs most often in the list. Which of the following could be the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in the list?
I. 7 II. 8.5
III. 10
(A) I only (B) I and II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
6 < > < > 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. 6 < > < > 6
3. In the figure above, the usual route from Town A toTown D is indicated by the solid line. The broken lineindicates a detour route from B to C through E.Each line segment is labeled with its length in miles.How many more miles is the trip from Town A toTown D via the detour than via the usual route?
(A) 4(B) 8(C ) 10(D) 12( E ) 1 8
x y
1 7.5
2 13.0
3 18.5
4 24.0
4. Which of the following equations expressesy in terms of x for each of the four pairs of valuesshown in the table above?
(A) y = 5x + 7.5(B) y = 5.5x + 2(C) y = 5.5x + 7.5(D) y = 7.5x(E) y = 7.5x + 5.5
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Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
5. In the figure above, point B lies on A‐C. If x and yare integers, which of the following is apossible valueof x ?
(A ) 30(B) 35(C) 40(D) 50(E) 55
. The least and greatest numbers in a list of 7 realnumbers are 2 and 20, respectively. The median of thelist is 6, and the number 3 occurs most often in the list.Which of the following could be the average(arithmetic mean) of the numbers in the list?
I. 7I I . 8.5
III. 10(A) I only(B) l and 11only(C) l and 111 only(D) II and 111 only(E) I, I I , and I I I
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7. In the xy-coordinate plane, how many points are a distance of 4 units from the origin?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four (E) More than four
Family Number of
Consecutive Nights
Jackson 10
Callan 5
Epstein 8
Liu 6
Benton 8 8. The table above shows the number of consecutive
nights that each of five families stayed at a certain hotel during a 14-night period. If the Liu family’s stay did not overlap with the Benton family’s stay, which of the 14 nights could be a night on which only one of the five families stayed at the hotel?
(A) The 3rd (B) The 5th (C) The 6th (D) The 8th (E) The 10th
Unauthorizedcopying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
7. In the xy-coordinate plane, how many points are a Number ofdistance of 4 units from the origin? Family Consecutive(A) One Nights(B) TWO Jackson 10(C) Three(D) Four Callan 5(E) More than four Epstein 8
L iu 6Benton 8
8. The table above shows the number of consecutivenights that each of five families stayed at a certainhotel during a l4-night period. If the L i u family’s staydid no t overlap with the Benton family’s stay,which ofthe 14nights could be anight on which only one of thefive families stayed at the hotel?(A) The 3rd(B) The 5th(C) The 6th(D) The 8th(E) The 10th
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9. If a cake is cut into thirds and each third is cut into fourths, how many pieces of cake are there?
10. If ,hyx
where h is a constant, and if 3y when
4,x what does y equal when 6 ?x
6 < > < > 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. 6 < > < > 6
Directions: For Student-Produced Response questions 9-18, use the grids at the bottom of the answersheet page on which you have answered questions 1-8.
\Each of the remaining 10questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the circlesin the special grid, asshown in the examples below. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
Answer: 2 0 ]Answer: 5 Answer: 2‘5 Either position is correct.
Writeanswer‐»7 / I 2 2 O 5 2 O l 2 O l1nboxes. ‘ ® HFraCtion ® ® ® ® ® ®
O Q Q O line ©©Q®~Decimal @999 @900® @ ® @ @ @ point @ © © @
® ® O ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® O @ G O C D® ® ® O ® O ® ® ® O ® ® . ® ® ®
( h i d i n g @ © @ © © ® ® © @ ® @ © @ ® , ® Qresult. ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® 4sass 8885 N :
in°§§yéiini'liiééifiié’fi’nflfifli?“C l d d . h l db I f@® ® @ ®® ®® bl(:mukmnsnotneee s o u e e t
0 Mark no more than one circle in any column.0 Because the answer sheet wil l be machine‑
scored, you will receive credit only if the circlesare filled in correctly.
0 Although not required, it is suggested that youwrite your answer in the boxes at the top of thecolumns to help you fi l l in the circles accurately.
0 Some problems may have more than one correctanswer. In such cases. grid only one answer.
0 No question has a negative answer.
0 Mixed numbers such as3%
3.5 or 7/2. ( I f is gridded, it will be
must begridded as
31 1,not32.)interpreted as 2
o Decimal Answers: If you obtain adecimal answerwith more digits than the grid can accommodate,it may be either rounded or truncated, but it mustfi l l the entire grid. For example, if you obtainananswer such as06666.... you should recordyour result as .666 or .667. A less accurate valuesuch as .66 or .67 wil l bescored asincorrect.Acceptable ways to grid %are:
2 / 3 . 6 6 6 6 6 7@‘ ®® ®®
@ 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0© @ @ @ 6 9 6 ) © @ @
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®© O ® ® ® ® ® ® © ® ® ®@ ® @ O @ @ ® ® @ ® @ ®® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®® ® ® ® ® ® @ ® @ ® ® ®s e e s ; e g g ; eegg
9. If a cake is cut into thirds and each third is cut intofourths, how many pieces of cake are there?
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10. If y = h, where h is a constant, and if y = 3 whenx
x = 4, what does y equal when x = 6 ?
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11. In the figure above, point B lies on side .AC If 55 60,x� � what is one possible value of y ?
12. The price of a certain item was $10 in 1990 and it
has gone up by $2 per year since 1990. If this trend continues, in what year will the price be $100 ?
13. The figure above shows the graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane. Of all the points � �,x y on the graph, for what value of x is the value of y greatest?
14. The number n is a 2-digit number. When n is divided
by 10, the remainder is 9, and when n is divided by 9, the remainder is 8. What is the value of n ?
15. The area of the figure above is 9 .4
What is the
perimeter of the figure? 16. If j is chosen at random from the set ^ `4, 5, 6 and
k is chosen at random from the set ^ `10, 11, 12 , what is the probability that the product of j and k is divisible
by 5 ? 17. Tom and Alison are both salespeople. Tom’s weekly
compensation consists of $300 plus 20 percent of his sales. Alison’s weekly compensation consists of $200 plus 25 percent of her sales. If they both had the same amount of sales and the same compensation for a particular week, what was that compensation, in dollars? (Disregard the dollar sign when gridding your answer.)
12 3tx y� �
18. The equation above is the equation of a line in the xy-plane, and t is a constant. If the slope of the line is 10,� what is the value of t ?
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
6 < > < > 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. 6 < > < > 6
11.
A
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
In the figure above, point B lies on side E. If55 < x < 60, what is one possible value of y ?
15. The area of the figure above is What is the
perimeter of the figure?
12. The price of a certain item was $10 in 1990 and ithas gone up by $2 per year since 1990. If this trendcontinues, in what year wi l l the price be $100 ?
16. If j is chosen at random from the set {4, 5, 6} andk is chosen at random from the set {10, 11, 12}, whatis the probability that the product of j and k is divisibleby 5 ?
13. The figure above shows the graph of aquadraticfunction in the xy-plane. Of all the points (x, y) on thegraph, for what value of x is the value of y greatest?
17. Tom and Alison are both salespeople. Tom’s weeklycompensation consists of $300 plus 20 percent of hissales. Alison’s weekly compensation consists of $200plus 25 percent of her sales. If they both had the sameamount of sales and the same compensation for aparticular week, what was that compensation, indollars? (Disregard the dollar sign when gridding youranswer.)
14. The number n is a 2-digit number.When n is dividedby 10, the remainder is 9, and when n is divided by 9,the remainder is 8. What is the value of n ?
S T O P
18.
tx+12y = ‐3
The equation above is the equation of a line in thexy-plane, and t is a constant. If the slope of the lineis ‐10, what is the value of t ?
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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SECTION 7 Time — 25 minutes
24 Questions
Turn to Section 7 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
Example:
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both labor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful (B) end . . divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend . . satisfactory (E) resolve . . acceptable
1. Black Americans in Flight, a mural honoring several
aviation pioneers, also ------- the 1992 spaceflight of astronaut Mae Jemison.
(A) discerns (B) introduces (C) approximates (D) commemorates (E) asserts
2. The new antifungal agent has such ------- uses, from treating Dutch elm disease to rescuing water-damaged works of art from molds, that it is considered one of the more ------- antibiotics.
(A) disturbing . . explicit (B) innovative . . precipitous (C) mysterious . . recognized (D) varied . . versatile (E) similar . . discriminating
3. The child had a tendency toward aggressive behavior,
a ------- fighting rather than resolving differences amicably.
(A) propensity for (B) confusion about (C) disregard of (D) hostility toward (E) compunction about
4. Physical exercise often has a ------- effect, releasing
emotional tension and refreshing the spirit.
(A) pejorative (B) debilitating (C) cathartic (D) retentive (E) tenacious
5. Because rap and hip-hop offer such ------- commentary
on contemporary issues, they are often said to be sharp-edged musical genres.
(A) nebulous (B) trenchant (C) circumspect (D) prosaic (E) benign
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
SECTION 7Time ‐ 25 minutes
24Questions
Turn to Section 7 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fil l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.
2. The new antifungal agent has such ------- uses, fromtreating Dutch elm disease to rescuing water-damagedworks of art from molds, that it is considered one of
Each sentence below has one or t w o blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled Athrough E. Choose the word or set of words that, when the more _____" antlbloucs'inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the (A) disturbing . . explicitsentence asa whole. (B) innovative . . precipitous
(C) m sterious . . reco nizedExample: (D) va}i‘ied . . versatile g
Hoping to ---- --- the dispute, negotiators proposed (E) Similar - -discriminatinga compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management. 3. The child had a tendency toward aggressive behavior,
a ---- --- fighting rather than resolving differences(A) enforce . . useful amicably‑(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome. .unattractive (A) propensity for (B) confusion about(D) extend . . satisfactory (C) disregard of (D) hostility toward(E) resolve . . acceptable (/9 © © . (E) compunction about
4. Physical exercise often has a ------- effect, releasing1. BlackAmericans in Flight, a mural honoring several emotional tension and refreshing the spirit.
aviation pioneers, also ------- the 1992 spaceflight ofastronaut Mae Jemison (A) pejorative (B) debilitating (C) cathartic
(D) retentive (E) tenacious(A) discerns (B) introduces (C) approximates
(D) commemorates (E) asserts 5. Because rap and hip-hop offer such ---- --- commentaryon contemporary issues, they are often said to besharp-edged musical genres.
(A) nebulous (B) trenchant (C) circumspect(D) prosaic (E) benign
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Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in each passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.
“Mechanical pencils rule,” my fifteen-year-old grandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her to be her generation’s voice on school supplies. “Nobody sharpens anymore.” Then, continuing with a fashion maven’s hyperbole and arbitrary imperatives, she gave 5 a passionate disquisition on types of clickers, new grips, smaller lead sizes, and other niceties of pencil selection. As she consigned the yellow-painted wooden pencil to the wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia for the perfumed sharpener shavings of my youth. 10 6. In lines 4-5, the author refers to a “fashion maven’s”
tone primarily in order to
(A) imply that Genevieve has only a superficial appreciation of mechanical pencils
(B) suggest that Genevieve is excessively concerned about her clothing
(C) illustrate some of the exaggerated claims made by mechanical pencil manufacturers
(D) emphasize the unpredictability of trends in con- sumer tastes
(E) indicate that Genevieve expresses her opinions with authority and flair
7. The author mentions “sharpener shavings” (line 10)
in order to portray a mood of
(A) unrestrained joy (B) sentimental reminiscence (C) bitter disappointment (D) cautious optimism (E) dark foreboding
Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.
Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruction known to humanity. Their intense gravity is a one-way ticket to oblivion, and material spiraling into them can heat up to millions of degrees and glow brightly. Yet, they are not all-powerful. Even supermassive black holes are 5 minuscule by cosmic standards. They typically account for less than one percent of their galaxy’s mass. Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, let alone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyond their immediate neighborhoods. So it has come as a sur- 10 prise over the past decade that black hole activity is closely intertwined with star formation occurring farther out in the galaxy. 8. Which best describes the function of the statement
in lines 10-13 (“So it . . . galaxy”) ?
(A) It summarizes the points made in the first four lines of the passage.
(B) It provides support for the argument asserted in the preceding statement.
(C) It introduces a new view of information presented earlier in the passage.
(D) It challenges recent scientific findings. (E) It offers examples to support a theory.
9. Which of the following most resembles the relationship
between “black hole activity” and “star formation” (lines 11-12) as described in the passage?
(A) A volcanic eruption on one continent results in higher rainfall totals on another continent.
(B) Industrial emissions in one region lead to an increase in airborne pollutants in adjacent regions.
(C) A drought in a wilderness area causes a significant loss of vegetation in that area.
(D) Decreased oil production in one country results in higher gas prices in oil-dependent countries.
(E) Overfishing in a gulf leads to an increase in the population of smaller aquatic organisms.
Line Line
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
Eachpassage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin each passage and in any introductory material that may beprovided.
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.
“Mechanical pencils rule,” my fifteen-year-oldgrandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her tobe her generation’s voice on school supplies. “Nobody
Line sharpens anymore.” Then, continuing with a fashion5 maven’s hyperbole and arbitrary imperatives, she gave
apassionate disquisition on types of clickers, new grips,smaller lead sizes, and other niceties of pencil selection.As she consigned the yellow-painted wooden pencil tothe wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia for
10 the perfumed sharpener shavings of my youth.
6. In lines 4-5, the author refers to a “fashion maven’s”tone primarily in order to(A) imply that Genevieve has only a superficial
appreciation of mechanical pencils(B) suggest that Genevieve is excessively concerned
about her clothing(C) illustrate some of the exaggerated claims made
by mechanical pencil manufacturers(D) emphasize the unpredictability of trends in con‑
sumer tastes(E) indicate that Genevieve expresses her opinions
with authority and flair
7. The author mentions “sharpener shavings” (line 10)in order to portray a mood of
(A) unrestrainedjoy(B) sentimental reminiscence(C) bitter disappointment(D) cautious optimism(E) dark foreboding
Line
10
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Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.
Black holes are the most efficient engines of destructionknown to humanity. Their intense gravity is a one-wayticket to oblivion, and material spiraling into them canheat up to millions of degrees and glow brightly. Yet, theyare no t all-powerful. Even supermassive black holes areminuscule by cosmic standards. They typically account forless than one percent of their galaxy’s mass. Accordingly,astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, letalone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyondtheir immediate neighborhoods. So it has come asa sur‑prise over the past decade that black hole activity is closelyintertwinedwith star formation occurring farther out in thegalaxy.
8. Which best describes the function of the statementin lines 10-13 (“So it . . . galaxy”) ?(A) It summarizes the points made in the first
four lines of the passage.(B) It provides support for the argument asserted
in the preceding statement.(C) It introduces a new view of information
presented earlier in the passage.(D) It challenges recent scientific findings.(E) It offers examples to support a theory.
9. Which of the following most resembles the relationshipbetween “black hole activity” and “star formation”(lines 11-12) asdescribed in the passage?
(A) A volcanic eruption on one continent resultsin higher rainfall totals on another continent.
(B) Industrial emissions in oneregion lead to anincrease in airborne pollutants in adjacentregions.
(C) A drought in awilderness area causes asignificant loss of vegetation in that area.
(D) Decreased oi l production in one country resultsin higher gas prices in oil-dependent countries.
(E) Overfishing in agulf leads to an increase inthe population of smaller aquatic organisms.
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Questions 10-15 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is an excerpt from a 1909 novel. Georgia, the main character, is a reporter in an otherwise all-male newsroom.
Georgia was to be married. It was the week before Christmas, and on the last day of the year she would become Mrs. Joseph Tank. She had told Joe that if they were to be married at all they might as well get it over with this year, and still there was no need of being 5 married any earlier in the year than was necessary. She assured him that she married him simply because she was tired of having paper bags waved before her eyes every- where she went and she thought if she were once officially associated with him people would not flaunt his idiosyn- 10 crasies at her that way. And then Ernestine, her best friend, approved of getting married, and Ernestine’s ideas were usually good. To all of which Joe responded that she certainly had a splendid head to figure it out that way. Joe said that to his mind reasons for doing things weren’t 15 very important anyhow; it was doing them that counted.
Yesterday had been her last day on the paper. She had felt queer about that thing of taking her last assignment, though it was hard to reach just the proper state, for the last story related to pork-packers, and pork-packing is 20 not a setting favorable to sentimental regrets. It was just like the newspaper business not even to allow one a little sentimental harrowing over one’s exodus from it. But the time for gentle melancholy came later on when she was sorting her things at her desk just before leaving, and 25 was wondering what girl would have that old desk—if they cared to risk another girl, and whether the other poor girl would slave through the years she should have been frivolous, only to have some man step in at the end and induce her to surrender the things she had gained through 30 sacrifice and toil.
As she wrote a final letter on her typewriter—she did hate letting the old machine go—Georgia did considerable philosophizing about the irony of working for things only to the end of giving them up. She had waded through snow- 35 drifts and been drenched in pouring rains, she had been frozen with the cold and prostrated with the heat, she had been blown about by Chicago wind until it was strange there was any of her left in one piece, she had had front doors—yes, and back doors too—slammed in her face, 40 she had been the butt of the alleged wit of menials and hirelings, she had been patronized by vapid women as the poor girl who must make her living some way, she had been roasted by—but never mind—she had had a beat* or two! And now she was to wind it all up by 45 marrying Joseph Tank, who had made a great deal of
money out of the manufacture of paper bags. This from her—who had always believed she would end her days in New York, or perhaps write a realistic novel exposing some mighty evil! 50 * the area regularly covered by a reporter 10. Based on information presented in the passage, which
best describes what Georgia was “tired of ” (line 8) ?
(A) Being forced to earn a living (B) Being teased about Joseph Tank (C) Being considered a hack writer by some
of her colleagues (D) Being betrayed by her supposed friends (E) Being the only woman in the newsroom
11. The second paragraph suggests that Georgia believes
the “proper state” (line 19) would be one of
(A) excitement (B) wistfulness (C) amusement (D) annoyance (E) relief
12. In line 27, “poor” most nearly means
(A) pitiable (B) indigent (C) inferior (D) humble (E) petty
13. Which most resembles the “irony” mentioned
in line 34 ?
(A) A worker moving to a distant state to take a job, only to be fired without warning
(B) An executive making an important decision, only to regret it later
(C) An athlete earning a starting position on a good team, only to quit in midseason
(D) A student studying for a major exam, only to learn that it has been postponed
(E) A person purchasing an expensive umbrella, only to lose it on the first rainy day
LineLine
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
Questions 10-15 are based on the following passage.
Thefollowingpassage is an excerptfrom a 1909 novel.Georgia, the main Character, is a reporter in an otherwiseall-male newsroom.
Georgia was to be married. It was the week beforeChristmas, and on the last day of the year she wouldbecome Mrs. Joseph Tank. She had told Joe that ifthey were to be married at all they might aswell get itover with this year, and still there was no need of beingmarried any earlier in the year than was necessary. Sheassured him that she married him simply because she wastired of having paper bags waved before her eyes every‑where she went and she thought if she were once officiallyassociated with him people would no t flaunt his idiosyn‑crasies at her that way. And then Ernestine, her best friend,approved of getting married, and Ernestine’s ideas wereusually good. To all of which Joe responded that shecertainly had a splendid head to figure it out that way.Joe said that to his mind reasons for doing things weren’tvery important anyhow; it was doing them that counted.
Yesterday had been her last day on the paper. She hadfelt queer about that thing of taking her last assignment,though it was hard to reachjust the proper state, for thelast story related to pork-packers, and pork-packing isno t a setting favorable to sentimental regrets. It was justlike the newspaper business not even to allow one a littlesentimental harrowing over one’s exodus from it. But thetime for gentle melancholy came later on when she wassorting her things at her desk just before leaving, andwas wondering what girl would have that old d e s k ‐ i fthey cared to risk another girl, and whether the other poorgirl would slave through the years she should have beenfrivolous, only to have some man step in at the end andinduce her to surrender the things she had gained throughsacrifice and toil.
As she wrote afinal letter on her typewriter‐she didhate letting the old machine go‐Georgia did considerablephilosophizing about the irony of working for things onlyto the end of giving them up. She had waded through snow‑drifts and been drenched in pouring rains, she had beenfrozen with the cold and prostrated with the heat, she hadbeen blown about by Chicago wind until it was strangethere was any of her left in one piece, she had had frontdoors‐yes, and back doors too‐slammed in her face,she had been the butt of the alleged wit of menials andhirelings, she hadbeen patronized by vapid women asthe poor girl who must make her living some way, shehad been roasted b y ‐ b u t never m i n d ‐s h e had hada beat* or two! And n o w she was to wind it all up bymarrying Joseph Tank, who had made a great deal of
50
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money out of the manufacture of paper bags. This fromh e r ‐w h o had always believed she would end her daysin New York, or perhaps write a realistic novel exposingsome mighty evil!
* the area regularly covered by a reporter
10. Based on information presented in the passage, whichbest describes what Georgia was “tired of ” (line 8) ?
(A) Being forced to earn a living(B) Being teased about Joseph Tank(C) Being considered a hack writer by some
of her colleagues(D) Beingbetrayed by her supposed friends(E) Being the only woman in the newsroom
11. The second paragraph suggests that Georgia believesthe “proper state” (line 19) would be one of
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
excitementwistfulnessamusementannoyancerelief
12. In line 27, “poor” most nearly means
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
pitiableindigentinferiorhumblepetty
13. Which most resembles the “irony” mentionedin line 34 ?
(A) A worker moving to a distant state to takeajob, only to be fired without warning
(B) An executive making an important decision,only to regret it later
(C) An athlete earning a starting position ona good team, only to quit in midseason
(D) A student studying for amajor exam, onlyto learn that it has been postponed
(E) A person purchasing an expensive umbrella,only to lose it on the first rainy day
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14. The description in lines 35-45 (“She . . . two!”) primarily serves to
(A) suggest that Georgia envied those women who did not have to work
(B) imply that Georgia would be unlikely ever to consider working as a reporter again
(C) indicate the role that weather plays in the everyday life of a reporter
(D) exaggerate Georgia’s reluctance to relinquish her job
(E) show the adversities Georgia had to overcome as a reporter
15. In context, the phrase “This from her” (lines 47-48) helps to suggest that a
(A) specific feeling is quite heartfelt (B) stated viewpoint is highly personal (C) certain decision is out of character (D) particular behavior is extremely upsetting (E) given attitude is unsurprising
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
14. The description in lines 35-45 (“She . . . two!”) 15. In context, the phrase “This from her” (lines 47-48)primarily serves to helps to suggest that a(A) suggest that Georgia envied those women (A) specific feeling is quite heartfelt
who did no t have to work (B) stated viewpoint is highly personal(B) imply that Georgia would be unlikely ever (C) certain decision is out of character
to consider working asareporter again (D) particular behavior is extremely upsetting(C) indicate the role that weather plays in the (E) given attitude is unsurprising
everyday life of a reporter(D) exaggerate Georgia’s reluctance to relinquish
her job(E) show the adversities Georgia had to overcome
as a reporter
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Questions 16-24 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is adapted from a book about television and popular culture.
Ridiculing television, and warning about its inherent evils, is nothing new. It has been that way since the medium was invented, and television hasn’t exactly been lavished with respect as the decades have passed. I suspect, though, that a lot of the fear and loathing 5 directed at television comes out of a time-honored, reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of the moment. For the past several decades, television has been blamed for corrupting our youth and exciting our adults, distorting reality, and basically being a 10 big, perhaps dangerous, waste of time. Before TV, radio and film were accused of the same things. And long before that—in fact, some 2,500 years earlier—philosophers were arguing that poetry and drama should be excluded from any ideal city on much the 15 same grounds.
In Book 10 of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.) attacks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) and the trage- dians on several grounds, all of which have a familiar ring. “Their productions are appearances and not realities,” 20 he gripes. “Drawing, and in fact all imitation . . . [is] quite removed from the truth.” The audience, as well as the art form, troubled Plato, whose remarks are colored by an implied disdain for the popularity of public performances. The “common people,” as Plato so charitably calls them, 25 are drawn to “peevish and diverse” characters—such as Odysseus and other heroes in the Iliad and the Odyssey—who (to Plato, anyway) engage in such questionable displays of emotion as “spinning out a long melancholy lamentation” or “disfiguring themselves in grief.” To 30 Plato, baring such intimate sorrows is not to be condoned. (Clearly, he would have given thumbs down to the central characters of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth.) “If you receive the pleasure-seasoned Muse1 of song and epic,” Plato warns, “pleasure and pain will be kings in your city, 35 instead of law.” Finally, Plato sums up his anti-arts argu- ment with the cold, sweeping pronouncement that “poetry is not to be taken seriously.”
One academic who has studied and written extensively about both Plato and television suggests that Plato, rather 40 than being anti-arts, was merely an elitist. Plato wanted to ban poetry readings and live theater, the argument goes, because, being free and accessible and raucous and extremely popular, they were the mass entertainment of that era. “If, instead of ‘tragedy’ and ‘poetry,’ and 45
‘Homer’ and ‘Aeschylus,’2 you read ‘mass entertainment’ or ‘popular media,’ you’ll recognize Plato’s arguments as the ancestor of all the reasons we have today for being suspicious of television.”
To wit: poetry, by which Plato means drama, confuses 50 us between appearance and reality. The action it presents
is too extreme and violent. Most important, it’s a corrupt- ing influence, perverting its audience by bombarding it with inferior characters and vulgar subjects—and con- stituting, in Plato’s own words, “a harm to the mind of 55 its audience.”
If Plato’s Republic had become reality, it would have been a republic with a lot of empty libraries, theaters, and museums—if, indeed, those repositories of the arts would have survived at all. Plato’s personal utopia never came to 60 pass—but throughout the centuries, wherever and when- ever a new medium of artistic expression attracted a lot of people, someone has been ready, waiting, and eager to attack its content and fear its impact. 1 The Muses inspired poetry and song in Greek mythology. 2 Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) was a Greek tragic dramatist. 16. The opening paragraph primarily serves to
(A) criticize the way television distorts the truth (B) examine the evolution of television as a medium (C) place contemporary criticism of television in a
historical context (D) directly compare television and drama as art
forms (E) explain why television, radio, and drama appeal
to the masses 17. Which of the following television shows would
be LEAST vulnerable to the criticism expressed in lines 8-11 (“For . . . time”) ?
(A) A melodrama in which police detectives attempt to solve crimes
(B) A soap opera depicting interpersonal conflicts in a fictional law firm
(C) A comedy whose primary characters are supernatural
(D) A documentary on the state of education in the nation
(E) A talk show that encourages people to confront each other in front of a studio audience
18. In line 26, “drawn” most nearly means
(A) brought (B) depicted (C) selected (D) attracted (E) shaped
LineLine
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15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
Questions 16-24 are based on the following passage.
Thefollowingpassage is adaptedfrom a book abouttelevision andpopular culture. 55Ridiculing television, and warning about its inherent
evils, is nothing new. It has been that way since themediumwas invented, and television hasn’t exactlybeen lavishedwith respect asthe decades have passed.I suspect, though, that a lot of the fear and loathingdirected at television comes out of a time-honored,reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of themoment. For the past several decades, television hasbeen blamed for corrupting our youth and excitingour adults, distorting reality, and basically being abig, perhaps dangerous, waste of time. Before TV,radio and film were accused of the same things. Andlongbefore t h a t ‐ i n fact, some 2,500 years ea r l i e r ‑philosophers were arguing that poetry and dramashould be excluded from any ideal city on much thesame grounds.In Book 10of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.)
attacks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) and the trage‑dians on several grounds, all of which have a familiarring. “Their productions are appearances and not realities,”hegripes. “Drawing, and in fact all imitation . . . [is] quiteremoved from the truth.” The audience, aswell asthe artform, troubled Plato, whose remarks are colored by animplied disdain for the popularity of public performances.The “common people,” asPlato socharitably calls them,are drawn to “peevish and diverse” characters‐such asOdysseus and other heroes in the I l iadand the Odyssey‑who (to Plato, anyway) engage in such questionabledisplays of emotion as“spinning out a longmelancholylamentation” or “disfiguring themselves in grief.” ToPlato, baring such intimate sorrows is no t to be condoned.(Clearly, hewould have given thumbs down to the centralcharacters of Shakespeare’s Hamlet andMacbeth.) “ I f youreceive the pleasure-seasonedMuse1of song and epic,”Plato warns, “pleasure and pain wi l l be kings in your city,instead of law.” Finally, Plato sums up his anti-arts argu‑ment with the cold, sweeping pronouncement that “poetryis no t to be taken seriously.”
One academic who has studied and written extensivelyabout both Plato and television suggests that Plato, ratherthan being anti-arts, was merely anelitist. Plato wantedto ban poetry readings and live theater, the argumentgoes, because, being free and accessible and raucous andextremely popular, they were the mass entertainmentof that era. “I f , instead of ‘tragedy’ and ‘poetry,’ and‘Homer’ and ‘Aeschylus,’2 you read ‘mass entertainment’or ‘popular media,’ you’ll recognize Plato’s arguments asthe ancestor of all the reasons we have today for beingsuspicious of television.”To wit: poetry, by which Plato means drama, confuses
us between appearance and reality. The action it presents
60
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is too extreme and violent. Most important, it’s a corrupt‑ing influence, perverting its audience by bombarding itwith inferior characters and vulgar subjects‐and con‑stituting, in Plato’s own words, “a harm to the mind ofits audience.”If Plato’s Republic hadbecome reality, it would have
been a republic with a lot of empty libraries, theaters, andmuseums‐ if, indeed, those repositories of the arts wouldhave survived at all. Plato’s personal utopia never came topass‐but throughout the centuries, wherever and when‑ever a new mediumof artistic expression attracted a lotof people, someone has been ready, waiting, and eager toattack its content and fear its impact.
1The Muses inspiredpoetry andsong in Greek mythology.2 Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) was aGreek tragic dramatist.
16. The opening paragraphprimarily serves to
(A)(B)(C)
(D)
criticize the way television distorts the truthexamine the evolution of television asamediumplace contemporary criticism of television in ahistorical context
directly compare television and drama asartforms
explain why television, radio, and drama appealto the masses
(E)
17. Which of the following television shows wouldbe LEAST vulnerable to the criticism expressedin lines 8-11 (“For . . . time”) ?(A) A melodrama in which police detectives attempt
to solve crimes(B) A soap opera depicting interpersonal conflicts in
a fictional law firm(C) A comedy whose primary characters are
supernatural(D) A documentary on the state of education in
the nation(E) A talk show that encourages people to confront
each other in front of a studio audience
18. In line 26, “drawn” most nearly means
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
broughtdepictedselectedattractedshaped
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19. Which of the following best characterizes Plato’s view of the heroes mentioned in line 27 ?
(A) Admiration (B) Curiosity (C) Distrust (D) Disappointment (E) Contempt
20. The “academic” (line 39) indicates that Plato was
primarily characterized by his
(A) insight (B) artistry (C) cynicism (D) irreverence (E) snobbishness
21. The primary purpose of the statements in lines 39-45
(“One . . . that era”) is to
(A) provide an interpretation of a viewpoint described in the previous paragraph
(B) show how Plato’s view of politics should be understood in today’s terms
(C) put divergent interpretations of Plato into historical perspective
(D) account for the appeal of Plato’s writings (E) signal a digression in the passage
22. The fourth paragraph (lines 50-56) indicates that Plato’s principal objection to “poetry” (line 50) was its
(A) confusing language (B) widespread popularity (C) depiction of turbulent events (D) influence on people’s morals (E) misrepresentation of historical figures
23. The author of the passage would probably agree with
which of the following statements about the “utopia” referred to in line 60 ?
(A) It would have encouraged new artistic ventures. (B) It would have stifled human creativity. (C) It is an ideal that we should continue to work
towards. (D) It may come to pass because of the popularity
of television. (E) It was a notion rejected by Greek philosophers.
24. The comment about “a new medium of artistic
expression” (line 62) primarily suggests that
(A) the author holds a fatalistic view of the future for artistic expression
(B) certain societies in the past have been slow to accept new art forms
(C) people often disguise their true feelings when it comes to art
(D) the popular response to a new art form will often overcome opposition to it
(E) a popular new art form will always receive some form of negative response
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
19. Which of the following best characterizes Plato’s view
20.
21.
of the heroes mentioned in line 27 ?
(A) Admiration(B) Curiosity(C) Distrust(D) Disappointment(E) Contempt
The “academic” (line 39) indicates that Plato wasprimarily characterized by his
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
insightartistrycynicismirreverencesnobbishness
The primary purpose of the statements in lines 39-45(“One . . . that era”) is to
(A) provide an interpretation of aviewpointdescribed in the previous paragraph
show how Plato’s view of politics shouldbe understood in today’s terms
put divergent interpretations of Plato intohistorical perspective
account for the appeal of Plato’s writingssignal a digression in the passage
(B)
(C)
(D)(E)
S T O P
22.
23.
24.
The fourth paragraph (lines 50-56) indicates thatPlato’s principal objection to “poetry” (line 50)was its
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
confusing languagewidespread popularitydepiction of turbulent eventsinfluence on people’s moralsmisrepresentation of historical figures
The author of the passage would probably agree withwhich of the following statements about the “utopia”referred to in line 60 ?(A) It would have encouraged new artistic ventures.(B) It would have stifled human creativity.(C) It is an ideal that we should continue to work
towards.(D) It may come to pass because of the popularity
of television.(E) It was a notion rejected by Greek philosophers.
The comment about “a new medium of artisticexpression” (line 62) primarily suggests that
(A) the author holds a fatalistic view of thefuture for artistic expression
(B) certain societies in the past have beenslow to accept new art forms
(C) people often disguise their true feelingswhen it comes to art
(D) the popular response to a new art formwi l l often overcome opposition to it
(E) apopular new art form wi l l alwaysreceive some form of negative response
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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SECTION 8 Time — 20 minutes
19 Questions
Turn to Section 8 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
Example:
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both labor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful (B) end . . divisive (C) overcome . . unattractive (D) extend . . satisfactory (E) resolve . . acceptable
1. As a child, Mary ------- her stringent upbringing;
however, as she grew older she began to appreciate her grandmother’s strict -------.
(A) tolerated . . autonomy (B) despised . . discipline (C) embraced . . authority (D) disavowed . . abstinence (E) loathed . . liberality
2. His mouth stinging and burning, Virgil hurried to the
kitchen for water to wash away the dish’s ------- taste.
(A) earthy (B) exotic (C) cloying (D) acrid (E) succulent
3. Since other seabirds customarily nest in colonies on ocean cliffs and islands, the marbled murrelet’s ------- nesting in forests many miles from the sea must be considered -------.
(A) ambivalence about . . hypothetical (B) indifference to . . bold (C) insistence upon . . evident (D) aversion to . . dangerous (E) predilection for . . atypical
4. The cause of Mozart’s ------- is a long-standing
medical -------: over the years, physicians have suggested more than 100 possibilities, including poisoning, malnutrition, kidney disease, and heart failure.
(A) mortality . . phenomenon (B) bereavement . . controversy (C) genius . . enigma (D) demise . . mystery (E) death . . trial
5. At first the children were -------, but as the morning
progressed they began to laugh and talk eagerly.
(A) ostentatious (B) myopic (C) solicitous (D) puerile (E) reticent
6. Oren missed the play’s overarching significance,
focusing instead on details so minor that they would best be described as -------.
(A) pragmatic (B) indelible (C) moribund (D) picayune (E) impervious
o oo Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal, 0 0 8
SECTION 8Time ‐ 20 minutes
19Questions
Turn to Section 8 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fil l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.
Each sentence below has one or t w o blanks, each blankindicating that something has been omitted. Beneaththe sentence are five words or sets of words labeled Athrough E. Choose the word or set of words that, wheninserted in the sentence, lLst fits the meaning of thesentence as a whole.
Example:Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposeda compromise that they felt would be ------- to bothlabor and management.
(A) enforce . . useful(B) end . . divisive(C) overcome . . unattractive(D) extend . . satisfactory(E) resolve . . acceptable ® © © O
1. As achild, Mary ---- --- her stringent upbringing;however, asshe grew older she began to appreciateher grandmother’s strict ------- .
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
tolerated . . autonomydespised . . disciplineembraced . . authoritydisavowed . . abstinenceloathed . . liberality
His mouth stinging and burning, Virgil hurried to thekitchen for water to wash away the dish’s ---- --- taste.
(B) exotic (C) cloying(E) succulent
(A) earthy(D) acrid
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Since other seabirds customarily nest in colonies onocean cliffs and islands, the marbled murrelet’s --- - --‑nesting in forests many miles from the sea must beconsidered ------- .
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
ambivalence about . . hypotheticalindifference to . . boldinsistence upon . . evidentaversion to . . dangerouspredilection for . . atypical
The cause of Mozart’s --- - --- is a long-standingmedical --- - ---: over the years, physicians havesuggested more than 100possibilities, includingpoisoning, malnutrition, kidney disease, andheart failure.(A) mortality . . phenomenon(B) bereavement . . controversy(C) genius . .enigma(D) demise . . mystery(E) death . . trial
At first the children were -------, but asthe morningprogressed they began to laugh and talk eagerly.(A) ostentatious (C) solicitous
(D) puerile(B) myopic
(E) reticent
Oren missed the play’s overarching significance,focusing instead on details sominor that they wouldbest be described as ------- .
(B) indelible(E) impervious
(A) pragmatic (C) moribund(D) picayune
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The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage.
The following passage is from a 1979 essay by a Native American writer.
An understanding of any national literature depends very much on an awareness of the larger cultural context. Without some knowledge of language, of history, of inflection, of the position of the storyteller within the group, without a hint of the social roles played by males 5 and females in the culture, without a sense of the society’s humor or priorities—without such knowledge, how can we, as reader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaning in an expression of art?
The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of a 10 different culture may be illustrated by an exemplary folk-tale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabaskan) culture of south-central Alaska. It would typically be told to a general audience within the society, including the full range of ages from young children to grandparents; it would be 15 recounted with gesticulation and exaggeration by a perfor- mance specialist. It would be expected to have different meanings to the various categories of listeners— instructive, entertaining, reinforcing, or all three. Here is a brief version of the story: 20
“Once upon a time there was a porcupine woman who decided to do some hunting on the far side of the river. She went to the bank, where she met a beaver.
‘Hello,’ she said to him. ‘I need to do some hunting over there. Will you ride me across on your back?’ 25
‘I’d be glad to,’ replied the beaver. ‘Hop on.’ So the porcupine woman climbed on his back, and he
started swimming for the other side. When he had almost made it, the porcupine woman said, ‘Oh my! I’ve forgotten to bring my sack. I’ll need to go back to the other bank and 30 get it.’
‘All right,’ said the beaver, and swam back. He was panting while the porcupine woman went to get her sack.
‘Okay,’ she said. ‘Let’s go.’ So they started across again. The beaver was swimming much more slowly. When 35 they had practically reached the other side, she said, ‘Oh my! I’ve forgotten to bring my needle. We’ll have to go back and get it.’
This time the beaver didn’t say anything—he didn’t have enough breath! But he turned around and pulled them 40 back to the shore and nearly passed out while she got her needle.
‘Hurry up, now,’ the porcupine woman said as she climbed back on his back. He could hardly keep his nose above water, but he had almost made it to the far bank 45 again when she said, ‘Oh my! I’ve forgotten my staff. We’ll have to . . . .’
Before she had finished her sentence the beaver had flipped over in the water and dragged himself onto the bank, where he lay half dead. The porcupine woman 50 managed to make the shore too, and climbed up onto a bear path. When she had caught her breath, she turned on the beaver and quilled him to death.”
The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphe- mistically be described as “difficult.” Survival, especially 55 in the wild, is always precarious. Further, they were, in the precontact period, a nonliterate people. Oral communica- tion was therefore the method of cultural transmission, legal understanding, and meaningful communication. It is also necessary to know that a “staff,” as mentioned in the 60 story, functions as both a walking stick and a weapon, and that in the Tanaina symbol system, porcupines were supposed to be rather ponderous, dull-witted creatures, and beavers were thought to be energetic and industrious but overly spontaneous and erratic. 65
For the reader armed with these data, the story becomes more accessible as a lesson in contract law, with several additional minor themes. A culturally attuned listener would notice, for instance, that when the porcupine woman proposed passage to the beaver, he agreed without any 70 stipulations or clarifications of the terms. He gave a basically open-ended agreement—made a contract—and hence the porcupine woman was perfectly within her rights both in demanding that he return three times and in quilling him to death when he reneged. 75
The story is not, however, without its moral for the por- cupine women of this world. Her stated aim is to go hunting, and yet she sets out without the three essentials of that endeavor: a sack in which to carry home her game, a needle with which to sew up the intestines, and, most 80 important, an implement with which to hunt and defend herself. True, she had an open-ended contract, but where does she wind up at the conclusion of the story? Sitting, exhausted, quills used up, weaponless, and not only on the wrong side of the river from her home but on a bear path! 85 The hunter is about to become the hunted, and all because of her own improvidence.
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N GO Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. O O B
The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or impliedin the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage.
Thefollowingpassage isfrom a 1979 essay by a NativeAmerican writer.
An understanding of any national literature dependsvery much on an awareness of the larger cultural context.Without some knowledge of language, of history, ofinflection, of the position of the storyteller within thegroup, without a hint of the social roles played by malesand females in the culture, without a sense of the society’shumor or priorities‐without such knowledge, how canwe, asreader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaningin anexpression of art?
The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of adifferent culture may be illustrated by anexemplary folk‑tale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabaskan) cultureof south-central Alaska. It would typically be told to ageneral audience within the society, including the ful l rangeof ages from young children to grandparents; it would berecounted with gesticulation and exaggeration by aperfor‑mance specialist. It would be expected to have differentmeanings to the various categories of l isteners‐ instructive,entertaining, reinforcing, or all three. Here is abrief versionof the story:
“Once upon a time there was aporcupine woman whodecided to do some hunting on the far side of the river. Shewent to the bank, where she met a beaver.
‘Hello,’ she said to him. ‘I need to do some hunting overthere. Wi l l you ride me across on your back?’
‘ I ’d be glad to,’ replied the beaver. ‘Hop on.’So the porcupine woman climbed on his back, and he
started swimming for the other side. When he had almostmade it, the porcupine woman said, ‘Oh my! I ’ve forgottento bring my sack. I ’ l l need to go back to the other bank andget it.’
‘A l l right,’ said the beaver, and swam back. He waspanting while the porcupine woman went to get her sack.
‘Okay,’ she said. ‘Let’s go.’ Sothey started acrossagain. The beaver was swimming much more slowly. Whenthey had practically reached the other side, she said, ‘Ohmy! I ’ve forgotten to bring my needle. We’ l l have to goback and get it.’
This time the beaver didn’t say anything‐he didn’thave enough breath! But he turned around and pulled themback to the shore and nearly passed out while she got herneedle.
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‘Hurry up, now,’ the porcupine woman said assheclimbed back on his back. He could hardly keep his noseabove water, but he had almost made it to the far bankagain when she said, ‘Oh my! I ’ve forgotten my staff.We’ l l have to . . . . ’
Before she had finished her sentence the beaver hadflipped over in the water and dragged himself onto thebank, where he lay half dead. The porcupine womanmanaged to make the shore too, and climbed up onto abearpath. When she had caught her breath, she turned on thebeaver and quilled him to death.”
The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphe‑mistically be described as“difficult.” Survival, especiallyin the wild, is always precarious. Further, they were, in theprecontact period, a nonliterate people. Oral communica‑tion was therefore the method of cultural transmission,legal understanding, and meaningful communication. It isalso necessary to know that a “staf ,” as mentioned in thestory, functions asboth a walking stick and a weapon, andthat in the Tanaina symbol system, porcupines weresupposed to be rather ponderous, dull-witted creatures, andbeavers were thought to be energetic and industrious butoverly spontaneous and erratic.
For the reader armed with these data, the story becomesmore accessible as a lesson in contract law, with severaladditional minor themes. A culturally attuned listenerwould notice, for instance, that when the porcupine womanproposed passage to the beaver, he agreed without anystipulations or clarifications of the terms. He gave abasically open-ended agreement‐made a contract‐andhence the porcupine woman was perfectly within her rightsboth in demanding that he return three times and in quillinghim to death when he reneged.
The story is not, however, without its moral for the por‑cupine women of this world. Her stated aim is to gohunting, and yet she sets out without the three essentials ofthat endeavor: a sack in which to carry home her game, aneedle with which to sew up the intestines, and, mostimportant, an implement with which to hunt and defendherself. True, she had an open-ended contract, but wheredoes she wind up at the conclusion of the story? Sitting,exhausted, quills used up, weaponless, and not only on thewrong side of the river from her home but on a bear path!The hunter is about to become the hunted, and all becauseof her o w n improvidence.
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7. In the opening paragraph, the author assumes that the “meaning” (line 8) is
(A) culturally determined (B) intensely personal (C) essentially moralistic (D) permanently inscrutable (E) uniquely artistic
8. In the context of the passage, which “expression of art”
(line 9) would be the most difficult to interpret?
(A) A contemporary play written by a prolific play-wright
(B) A fable from a nonliterate society with which anthropologists are very familiar
(C) A single text produced by a previously unknown society
(D) A sitcom from the early days of television (E) A single myth from an ancient culture with a well-
documented mythological structure 9. How does the author respond to the question posed in
lines 3-9 ?
(A) By proposing an innovative strategy (B) By confirming the futility of such analysis (C) By describing a personal experience with the
problem (D) By illustrating his point within a particular context (E) By documenting a traditional approach to the
problem 10. The author discusses Tanaina culture from the
perspective of
(A) a concerned parent (B) a bewildered visitor (C) a performance artist (D) an informed outsider (E) an indignant reader
11. The sentence in which “difficult” appears (lines 54-55)
indicates that the author considers the word to be
(A) an exaggeration (B) an estimate (C) an understatement (D) a contradiction (E) a preconception
12. In relation to the passage, the statements in lines 59-65 serve a function most similar to which of the following items?
(A) A menu in a restaurant (B) The key or legend to a map (C) A department store directory (D) The outline of a term paper (E) An illustration of a fairytale
13. The author’s analysis of the folktale offers which
insight into Tanaina beliefs?
(A) A fanciful story is most suitable for an audience of children.
(B) A verbal exchange can establish a binding contract.
(C) A person who behaves impulsively is most often sincere.
(D) A shared task should be divided fairly between two people.
(E) A painstaking plan may nonetheless fail to anticipate all problems.
14. The “porcupine women of this world” (lines 76-77) are
best described as people who
(A) plan inadequately for their own needs (B) postpone necessary work in favor of leisure (C) depend heavily upon help from their close friends (D) return repeatedly to their favorite places (E) flee quickly from any laborious task
15. The final paragraph (lines 76-87) suggests that the bear
path mentioned in lines 51-52 is significant because it
(A) foreshadows the arrival of a benevolent character from Tanaina folklore
(B) suggests an alarming alternative to crossing the river
(C) marks the boundary of the beaver’s natural surroundings
(D) explains the porcupine woman’s fear of unfamiliar territory
(E) poses a new peril for the porcupine woman
8 0 0 Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. 0 0 8
10.
11.
In the opening paragraph, the author assumes that the“meaning” (line 8) is
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
culturally determinedintensely personalessentially moralisticpermanently inscrutableuniquely artistic
In the context of the passage, which “expression of art”(line 9) would be the most difficult to interpret?(A) A contemporary play written by a prolific play‑
wright(B) A fable from a nonliterate society with which
anthropologists are very familiar(C) A single text produced by apreviously unknown
society(D) A sitcom from the early days of television(E) A single myth from an ancient culture with a well‑
documented mythological structure
How does the author respond to the question posed inlines 3-9 ?
(A) By proposing an innovative strategy(B) By confirming the futility of such analysis(C) By describing apersonal experience with the
problem(D) By illustrating his point within aparticular context(E) By documenting a traditional approach to the
problem
The author discusses Tanaina culture from theperspective of
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
a concerned parenta bewildered visitoraperformance artistan informed outsideran indignant reader
The sentence in which “difficult” appears (lines 54-55)indicates that the author considers the word to be
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
an exaggerationan estimatean understatementa contradictionapreconception
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12. In relation to the passage, the statements in lines 59-65serve a function most similar to which of the followingitems?
(A) A menu in a restaurant(B) The key or legend to a map(C) A department store directory(D) The outline of a term paper(E) An illustration of a fairytale
13. The author’s analysis of the folktale offers whichinsight into Tanaina beliefs?(A) A fanciful story is most suitable for an audience
of children.(B) A verbal exchange can establish a binding
contract.(C) A person who behaves impulsively is most often
sincere.(D) A shared task should be divided fairly between
t w o people.(E) A painstaking plan may nonetheless fail to
anticipate all problems.
14. The “porcupine women of this world” (lines 76-77) arebest described aspeople who
(A) plan inadequately for their o w n needs(B) postpone necessary work in favor of leisure(C) depend heavily upon help from their close friends(D) return repeatedly to their favorite places(E) flee quickly from any laborious task
15. The final paragraph (lines 76-87) suggests that the bearpath mentioned in lines 51-52 is significant because it(A) foreshadows the arrival of a benevolent character
from Tanaina folkloresuggests an alarming alternative to crossing
the rivermarks the boundary of the beaver’s natural
surroundingsexplains the porcupine woman’s fear of
unfamiliar territoryposes a new peril for the porcupine woman
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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16. In lines 83-87, the description of the porcupine woman emphasizes the discrepancy between her
(A) social position and her private feelings (B) physical wealth and her moral poverty (C) hostile action and her ultimate gratitude (D) original goal and her actual situation (E) grandiose ambition and her real needs
17. As a commentary on legal relations, this folktale is best
described as
(A) an example of traditional practices (B) an outline for social behavior (C) a warning about ill-conceived assent (D) a criticism of obsolete customs (E) a parody of actual situations
18. The author’s attitude toward the Tanaina folktale is best described as
(A) excitement at an unexpected discovery (B) admiration of the storyteller’s performance (C) appreciation of the folktale as a means of commu-
nicating values (D) enthusiasm for the Tanaina culture’s concept of
legality (E) enjoyment of the comical aspects of the folktale
19. Which statement is most consistent with the author’s
argument?
(A) Translating a literary text requires formal lin-guistic training.
(B) Tales transmitted by a nonliterate society elude transcription in later eras.
(C) Listening to a skilled storyteller is more instruc-tive than entertaining.
(D) Simple enjoyment of a tale is incompatible with scholarly analysis.
(E) To read a text is not necessarily to understand it.
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
8 0 016.
17.
In lines 83-87, the description of the porcupine womanemphasizes the discrepancy between her
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
social position and her private feelingsphysical wealth and her moral povertyhostile action and her ultimate gratitudeoriginal goal and her actual situationgrandiose ambition and her real needs
As a commentary on legal relations, this folktale is bestdescribed as
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
anexample of traditional practicesan outline for social behaviorawarning about ill-conceived assenta criticism of obsolete customsaparody of actual situations
S T O P
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
18.
19.
0 0 8The author’s attitude toward the Tanaina folktale isbest described as
(A)(B)(C)
(D)
excitement at an unexpected discoveryadmiration of the storyteller’s performanceappreciation of the folktale asameans of commu‑nicating values
enthusiasm for the Tanaina culture’s concept oflegality
(E) enjoyment of the comical aspects of the folktale
Which statement is most consistent with the author’sargument?(A) Translating a literary text requires formal lin‑
guistic training.(B) Tales transmitted by a nonliterate society elude
transcription in later eras.(C) Listening to a skilled storyteller is more instruc‑
tive than entertaining.(D) Simple enjoyment of a tale is incompatible with
scholarly analysis.(E) To read a text is no t necessarily to understand it.
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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SECTION 9 Time — 20 minutes
16 Questions
Turn to Section 9 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
1. If 13
9 0y � , then y
(A) �27 (B) �9 (C) �3 (D) 3 (E) 27
2. In the figure above, P, Q, and R lie on the same line. P is the center of the larger circle, and Q is the center of the smaller circle. If the radius of the larger circle is 4, what is the radius of the smaller circle?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8 (E) 16
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. A A A 9
SECTION 9Time ‐ 20 minutes
16Questions
Turn to Section 9 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fi l l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
drawn to scale. All figures lie in aplane unless otherwise indicated.
f(x) is a real number.
( l. The use of a calculator is permitted.2. All numbers used are real numbers.
m 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.E They are drawn asaccurately aspossible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
4. Unless otherwise specified. the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
[
r I oA h h b 6 2x 600 x s 45 N5.w in w _l 30° 1‐ '1 45°
b aA=’"2 _ -1C=27rr A _ [ W A_2bh V = {W}? V : n12];
The number of degrees of arc in acircle is 360.The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
( ' 2 = a z + b 2.43 s
Special Right Triangles
1.If%y+9=0,theny=(A) ‐27(B) -9(C) -3(D) 3(E) 27
(A) 1(B) 2(C) 4(D) 8(E) 16
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2. In the figure above, P, Q, and R lie on the same line.P is the center of the larger circle, and Q is the centerof the smaller circle. If the radius of the larger circleis 4, what is the radius of the smaller circle?
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3. Roy planted corn on 15
of his land. If he planted
45 acres of corn, how many acres of land does he have?
(A) 90
(B) 11122
(C) 135
(D) 225
(E) 13372
6, 10, 18, 34, 66
4. The first number in the list above is 6. Which of the following gives a rule for finding each successive number in the list?
(A) Add 4 to the preceding number.
(B) Take 12
of the preceding number and then add 7
to that result. (C) Double the preceding number and then subtract 2
from that result. (D) Subtract 2 from the preceding number and then
double that result. (E) Triple the preceding number and then subtract 8
from that result.
5. The two semicircles in the figure above have centers R and S, respectively. If 12,RS what is the total length of the darkened curve?
(A) 8p (B) 9p (C) 12p (D) 15p (E) 16p
6. If h and k are positive numbers and 7,h k�
then 7 kh�
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1� (D) h (E) 1k �
Country Total Population
Population Density
A 6,500,000 people 600 people per square mile
B 7,600,000 people 400 people per square mile
7. The table above shows the populations of two
countries and their population densities. The number of square miles in the area of Country B is approximately how much greater than the number of square miles in the area of Country A ?
(A) 200 (B) 3,600 (C) 5,000 (D) 8,000 (E) 905,000,000
8. If 2 6,x x � which of the following must be true?
(A) 6x (B) 3x � (C) 0x !
(D) 2x x�
(E) 2x x!
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
6 . I f h d k 't' b d h + k = 7 ,3. Roy planted corn on % of his land. If heplanted an are p081 we H u m ers an7 ‐ k
45 acres of corn, how many acres of land does then h 2he have?
(A) 1(A) 90 (B) 0
1 (C) -1(B) 1125 (D) h(E) k ‐ 1
(C) 135
(D) 225
1 T 1 P 1 'E 3 3 7 ‐ Ota opu at ion
( ) 2 country Population Density600 peopleA 6,500,0001’601’le persquare mile
6, 10, 18, 34, 66 400 peopleB 7,600,0001»°«0P1e per square mile
4. The first number in the list above is 6. Which of thefOHOWing giVeS arule for finding eaCh SHCCCSSiVe 7. The table above shows the populations of t w onumber in the “St? countries and their population densities. The
number of square miles in the area of Country B(A) Add 4 to the preceding number. . .1sapprox1mately how much greater than the
(B) Take % of the preceding number and then add 7 number of square miles in the area of Country A ?
to that result. (A ) 200(C) Double the preceding number and then subtract 2 (B) 3,600
from that result. (C) 5,000(D) Subtract 2 from the preceding number and then (D) 8,000
double that result. (E) 905,000,000(E) Triple the preceding number and then subtract 8
from that result.
8. If x2 = x + 6, which of the following must be true?
A (A) x 2 6(B) x < 3
f R - (C) x > 0U S 2(D) x <x(E) x2 > x
5. The t w o semicircles in the figure above have centersR and S, respectively. If RS 2 12, what is the totallength of the darkened curve?
(A) 87:(B) 9n(C) 1271'(D) 1571'(E) 167:
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9. Let the function f be defined by � � 5 2 ,f x x a �
where a is a constant. If � � � �10 5 55,f f� what is the value of a ?
(A) �5 (B) 0 (C) 5 (D) 10 (E) 20
10. A number is called “even-odd” if it is halfway between
an even integer and an odd integer. If x is an even-odd number, which of the following must be true?
I. 2x is an integer. II. 2x is even-odd.
III. x is halfway between two even integers.
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
11. If m is a positive integer, which of the following is
NOT equal to 2 4e jm
?
(A) 2 4m
(B) 42m
(C) 2 2 3m me j (D) 4 2m me j (E) 16m
12. According to the graph above, in which year was the ratio of the number of students enrolled at School B to the number of students enrolled at School A the greatest?
(A) 1990 (B) 1991 (C) 1992 (D) 1993 (E) 1994
13. In the figure above, A || .m Which of the following must equal 180 ?
(A) k n r� �
(B) k p s� � (C) n p s� � (D) n p t� � (E) r s t� �
9 A A A Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. A A A 9
9. Let the function f be defined by f ( x ) = 5x ‐ 2a,where a is a constant. If f(10) + f (5 ) = 55, whatis the value of a ?
( A ) - 5(B) 0(C) 5( D ) 1 0( E ) 2 0
10. A number is called “even-odd” if it is halfway betweenaneven integer and anodd integer. If x is aneven-oddnumber, which of the following must be true?
I. 2x is an integer.I I . 2x is even-odd.
I I I . x is halfway between t w o even integers.(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and II only(D) II and I I Ionly(E) I, I I , and I I I
11. If m is apositive integer, which of the following is
NOT equal to (24)m ?
(A) 24’”
(B) 42’”
(C) 2’” (23’“)
(D) 4’”(2’”)(E) 16’”
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12.
w SCHOOL ENROLLMENTg 2,0003 1.600
U)95 1,2005 800E 400
z 1990 199] 1992 1993 1994DSchoolAEISchoolB
According to the graph above, in which year was theratio of the number of students enrolled at School Bto the number of students enrolled at School A thegreatest?
(A) 1990(B) 1991(C) 1992(D) 1993(E) 1994
13.
m
In the figure above, KHm. Which of the followingmust equal 180 ?
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
k + n + rk + p + sn + p + sn + p + tr + s + t
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14. How many different ordered pairs ( , )x y are there such that x is an even integer, where 4 10,x� � and y is an integer, where 4 10 ?y� �
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 20 (D) 30 (E) 36
� � � �500 0.81 tn t
15. The function above can be used to model the
population of a certain endangered species of
animal. If � �n t gives the number of the species living t decades after the year 1900, which of the
following is true about the population of the species
from 1900 to 1920 ?
(A) It increased by about 1,000. (B) It increased by about 320. (C) It decreased by about 180. (D) It decreased by about 320. (E) It decreased by about 1,000.
16. A sphere of radius r inside a cube touches each one of the six sides of the cube. What is the volume of the cube, in terms of r ?
(A) r3
(B) 2 3r
(C) 4 3r
(D) 43
3S r
(E) 8 3r
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
9 A A A Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal. A A A 9
14. How many different ordered pairs (x, y) are there suchthat x is an even integer, Where 4 S x S 10, and y isaninteger, Where 4 < y < 10 ?
(A) 8( B ) 1 2(C ) 20(D) 30(E ) 36
15.
"(1) = 500(0.81)t
The function above can be used to model thepopulation of a certain endangered species ofanimal. If n(t) gives the number of the speciesliving 2‘decades after the year 1900, which of thefollowing is true about the population of the speciesfrom 1900 to 1920 ?
(A) It increased by about 1,000.(B) It increased by about 320.(C) It decreased by about 180.(D) It decreased by about 320.(E) It decreased by about 1,000.
S T O P
16. A sphere of radius r inside a cube touches each oneof the six sides of the cube. What is the volume of thecube, in terms of r ?
(A) r3(B) 2r3
( C ) 4 r
(D) gm”
( E ) 8 r
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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SECTION 10 Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
Turn to Section 10 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book and she was sixty-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) when she was sixty-five (C) at age sixty-five years old (D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) at the time when she was sixty-five
1. The Amazon River carries more water than the water
carried in any of the world’s other rivers.
(A) the water carried in any of the world’s other rivers (B) the water elsewhere in the world’s rivers (C) any other river in the world (D) all rivers in the world (E) any of the world’s rivers elsewhere
2. The owners of stadiums that bear the names of now
bankrupt companies have a problem what to do about the names.
(A) what to do about the names (B) what they should do about the names (C) deciding what to do about those names (D) to decide as to whether the names should stay (E) should they change those names or not
3. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six million people crowded onto the beach and into the amusements at Coney Island, “America’s Playground,” in Brooklyn, New York.
(A) During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, (B) It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that (C) The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947
was when (D) The Fourth of July weekend in 1947, (E) Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July
weekend, 4. Because fiscal problems will force some cities to lay
off firefighters, and so the state legislature must decide whether to provide those cities with financial aid.
(A) firefighters, and so (B) firefighters is a matter (C) firefighters, (D) firefighters; then (E) firefighters; this is a problem
5. A recently published history of comic books reveal that
Batman was begun as an experiment but became an institution.
(A) recently published history of comic books reveal that Batman was begun as an experiment
(B) recently published history of comic books reveals that Batman began as an experiment
(C) recent published history of comic books revealed that Batman, who began as an experiment
(D) history of comic books, recently published, revealing Batman first began as an experiment
(E) history of comic books having been recently published, it reveals how Batman began as an experiment
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
SECTION 10Time ‐ 10minutes
14Questions
Turn to Section 10 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fil l in the correspondingcircle on the answer sheet.
The following sentences test correctness and effectivenessof expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentenceis underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways ofphrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats theoriginal phrasing; the other four choices are different. Ifyou think the original phrasing produces abetter sentencethan any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, selectone of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements ofstandard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.Your selection should result in the most effectivesentence‐clear and precise, without awkwardness orambiguity.
EXAMPLE:Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first bookand she was sixtV-five vears old then.
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
and she was sixty-five years old thenwhen she was sixty-fiveat age sixty-five years oldupon the reaching of sixty-five yearsat the time when she was sixty-five
® O © © ®
1. The Amazon River carries more water than the watercarried in a n y of the world’s other rivers.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
the water carried in any of the world’s other riversthe water elsewhere in the world’s riversany other river in the worldall rivers in the worldany of the world’s rivers elsewhere
The owners of stadiums that bear the names of n o wbankrupt companies have aproblem what to do aboutthe names.
(A) what to do about the names(B) what they should do about the names(C) deciding what to do about those names(D) to decide asto whether the names should stay(E) should they change those names or not
-47.
D u r i n g the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about sixmillion people crowded onto the beach and into theamusements at Coney Island, “America’s Playground,”in Brooklyn, New York.
(A) During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947,(B) It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that(C) The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947
was when(D) The Fourth of July weekend in 1947,(E) Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July
weekend,
Because fiscal problems wi l l force some cities to layoff firefighters, and sothe state legislature must decidewhether to provide those cities with financial aid.
(A) firefighters, and so(B) firefighters is a matter(C) firefighters,(D) firefighters; then(E) firefighters; this is aproblem
A recenth publ ished historv of comic books reveal thatBatman was begun as an experiment but became aninstitution.
(A) recently published history of comic books revealthat Batman was begun asan experiment
(B) recently published history of comic books revealsthat Batman began asan experiment
(C) recent published history of comic books revealedthat Batman, who began asan experiment
(D) history of comic books, recently published,revealing Batman first began asan experiment
(E) history of comic books having been recentlypublished, it reveals how Batman began asanexperiment
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
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6. A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to the early economic development of America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered a green rock containing copper.
(A) America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered (B) America when, in 1714, a worker uncovered (C) America, thus, in 1714, a worker uncovered (D) America, that being a worker in 1714 uncovering (E) America, it was in 1714 a worker uncovered
7. Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, over
719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa on three flights by 2001.
(A) over 719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa on three flights by 2001
(B) by 2001, and on three flights, Dr. Ellen Ochoa spent over 719 hours in space
(C) three flights and 719 hours were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa in space by 2001
(D) Dr. Ellen Ochoa, by 2001 spending over 719 hours in space on three flights
(E) Dr. Ellen Ochoa had spent over 719 hours in space on three flights by 2001
8. The old maxim “Let the buyer beware” suggests that as
a buyer we are responsible for inspecting merchandise for flaws before paying for it.
(A) as a buyer we are responsible (B) as a buyer it is their responsibility (C) the buyer is the responsible one (D) buyers are responsible (E) buyers are to be the ones responsible
9. The same analysts who once favored public-opinion
polls now see them as hampering representative government.
(A) The same analysts who once favored public-opinion polls now see them
(B) The same analysts which were once in favor of public-opinion polls now have come to see them
(C) Public-opinion polls, once favored by analysts, but now seen by these same analysts
(D) As for favoring public-opinion polls, the same analysts now see them
(E) Analysts once were in favor of public-opinion polls, which these same analysts now see
10. Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its adobe architecture, spectacular setting, and clear, radiant light have long made it a magnet for artists.
(A) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its
(B) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the United States, its
(C) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the United States, has
(D) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States; its
(E) Santa Fe, one of the oldest cities in the United States, and its
11. Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century England
as “penny dreadfuls,” flourished because increased mechanization of printing and increased literacy rates made production of large numbers of these books profitable.
(A) and increased literacy rates made (B) with increased literacy rates also made (C) and also literacy rates increased and made (D) as well as increased literacy rates, making (E) and literacy rates increased, making
12. Frequently on tour, a band called the Chieftains
revered internationally as spirited performers of traditional Irish music.
(A) revered internationally as spirited performers (B) revered internationally and they are spirited
performers (C) is revered internationally for its spirited
performances (D) is revered internationally as giving spirited
performances (E) are revered internationally as being spirited
performers
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
8.
9.
. A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to theearly economic development of America and in 1714aworker uncovered agreen rock containing copper.(A) America and, in 1714, aworker uncovered(B) America when, in 1714, aworker uncovered(C) America, thus, in 1714, aworker uncovered(D) America, that being aworker in 1714 uncovering(E) America, it was in 1714 aworker uncovered
Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, over719 hours in space were spent by Dr. EllenOchoaon three flights by 2001.(A) over 719 hours in space were spent by
Dr. EllenOchoa on three flights by 2001(B) by 2001, and on three flights, Dr. EllenOchoa
spent over 719 hours in space(C) three flights and 719 hours were spent by
Dr. EllenOchoa in space by 2001(D) Dr. EllenOchoa, by 2001 spending over
719 hours in space on three flights(E) Dr. EllenOchoa had spent over 719 hours
in space on three flights by 2001
The old maxim “Let the buyer beware” suggests that Qabuyer we are responsible for inspectingmerchandisefor flaws before paying for i t .
(A )(B)(C)(D)(E)
asabuyer we are responsibleasabuyer it is their responsibilitythe buyer is the responsible onebuyers are responsiblebuyers are to be the ones responsible
The same analysts who once favored publ ic-opinionpolls now see them ashampering representativegovernment.
(A) The same analysts who once favored public‑opinion polls now see them
(B) The same analysts which were once in favor ofpublic-opinionpolls now have come to see them
(C) Public-opinionpolls, once favored byanalysts, but now seen by these same analysts
(D) As for favoring public-opinionpolls, the sameanalysts now see them
(E) Analysts once were in favor of public-opinionpolls, which these same analysts now see
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10.
11.
12.
Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States,m adobe architecture, spectacular setting, and clear,radiant light have longmade it amagnet for artists.(A) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United
States, its(B) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
United States, its(C) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
United States, has(D) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United
States; its(E) Santa Fe, one of the oldest cities in the United
States, and its
Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century Englandas“penny dreadfuls,” flourished because increasedmechanization of printing and increased literacy ratesm production of large numbers of these booksprofitable.
(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)
and increased literacy rates madewith increased literacy rates also madeand also literacy rates increased and madeaswell as increased literacy rates, makingand literacy rates increased, making
Frequently on tour, aband called the Chieftainsrevered internationallv asspir i ted performers oftraditional Irishmusic.
(A) revered internationally asspirited performers(B) revered internationally and they are spirited
performers(C) is revered internationally for its spirited
performances(D) is revered internationally asgiving spirited
performances(E) are revered internationally asbeing spirited
performers
GOONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>
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13. Psychologists advise that before making any major changes in your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals.
(A) your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals (B) their life, a person needs to focus on their goals (C) their lives, focus on the goals (D) one’s life, you should focus on your goals (E) their lives, people should focus on their goals
14. Some beaches are frequently contaminated by untreated sewage that flows into the ocean, which can last for several days.
(A) ocean, which can last for several days (B) ocean that can last for several days (C) ocean, it can last for several days (D) ocean, while contamination can last several days (E) ocean; the contamination can last for several days
S T O P If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
Unauthorized copying or reuse ofany part of this page is illegal.
13. Psychologists advise that before making any major 14. Some beaches are frequently contaminated bychanges in y o u r life, a pe r son needs to focus on one’s untreated sewage that flows into the ocean, which cangoals. last for several days.(A) your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals (A) ocean, which can last for several days(B) their life, aperson needs to focus on their goals (B) ocean that can last for several days(C) their lives, focus on the goals (C) ocean, it can last for several days(D) one’s life, you should focus on your goals (D) ocean, while contamination can last several days(E) their lives, people should focus on their goals (E) ocean; the contamination can last for several days
S T O PIf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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Essay Scoring GuideSCORE OF 6 SCORE OF 5 SCORE OF 4An essay in this category demonstrates clear and consistent mastery, although it may have a few minor errors. A typical essay
An essay in this category demonstrates reasonably consistent mastery, although it will have occasional errors or lapses in quality. A typical essay
An essay in this category demonstrates adequate mastery, although it will have lapses in quality. A typical essay
Ŷ effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thinking, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position
Ŷ effectively develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates strong critical thinking, generally using appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position
Ŷ develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates competent critical thinking, using adequate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position
Ŷ is well organized and clearly focused, demonstrating clear coherence and smooth progression of ideas
Ŷ is well organized and focused, demonstrating coherence and progression of ideas
Ŷ is generally organized and focused, demonstrating some coherence and progression of ideas
Ŷ exhibits skillful use of language, using a varied, accurate, and apt vocabulary
Ŷ exhibits facility in the use of language, using appropriate vocabulary
Ŷ exhibits adequate but inconsistent facility in the use of language, using generally appropriate vocabulary
Ŷ demonstrates meaningful variety in sentence structure
Ŷ demonstrates variety in sentence structure
Ŷ demonstrates some variety in sentence structure
Ŷ is free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Ŷ is generally free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Ŷ has some errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
SCORE OF 3 SCORE OF 2 SCORE OF 1An essay in this category demonstrates developing mastery, and is marked by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses:
An essay in this category demonstrates little mastery, and is flawed by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses:
An essay in this category demonstrates very little or no mastery, and is severely flawed by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses:
Ŷ develops a point of view on the issue, demonstrating some critical thinking, but may do so inconsistently or use inadequate examples, reasons, or other evidence to support its position
Ŷ develops a point of view on the issue that is vague or seriously limited, and demonstrates weak critical thinking, providing inappropriate or insufficient examples, reasons, or other evidence to support its position
Ŷ develops no viable point of view on the issue, or provides little or no evidence to support its position
Ŷ is limited in its organization or focus, or may demonstrate some lapses in coherence or progression of ideas
Ŷ is poorly organized and/or focused, or demonstrates serious problems with coherence or progression of ideas
Ŷ is disorganized or unfocused, resulting in a disjointed or incoherent essay
Ŷ displays developing facility in the use of language, but sometimes uses weak vocabulary or inappropriate word choice
Ŷ displays very little facility in the use of language, using very limited vocabulary or incorrect word choice
Ŷ displays fundamental errors in vocabulary
Ŷ lacks variety or demonstrates problems in sentence structure
Ŷ demonstrates frequent problems in sentence structure
Ŷ demonstrates severe flaws in sentence structure
Ŷ contains an accumulation of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics
Ŷ contains errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics so serious that meaning is somewhat obscured
Ŷ contains pervasive errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that persistently interfere with meaning
Essays not written on the essay assignment will receive a score of zero.
Essay Scoring GuideSCORE OF 6 SCORE OF 5 SCORE OF 4An e s s a y in t h i s c a t e g o r y demonst ra tesclear a n d consistent m a s t e r y, a l t h o u g h itm a y h a v e a f e w m i n o r e r ro r s . A t y p i c a le s s a y
An e s s a y in t h i s c a t e g o r y demonst ra tesreasonably consistent m a s t e r y, a l t h o u g hit w i l l h a v e occasional e r r o r s or lapses inqua l i t y. A t y p i c a l e s s a y
An essay in t h i s c a t e g o r y demonst ra tesadequate m a s t e r y, a l t h o u g h i t w i l l h a v elapses in qua l i t y. A t y p i c a l e s s a y
I e ffec t ive ly a n d i n s i g h t f u l l y developsa p o i n t o f v i e w o n t h e issue a n ddemonst ra tes o u t s t a n d i n g cr i t i ca lt h i nk ing , u s i n g c lear ly appropr ia teexamples, reasons, a n d o t h e r evidenceto s u p p o r t i t s pos i t i on
I e f fec t ive ly deve lops a p o i n t o f v i e won t h e issue a n d demonst ra tes s t r o n gcr i t i ca l t h i n k i n g , genera l ly u s i n gappropr ia te examples, reasons, a n do t h e r ev idence to s u p p o r t i t s pos i t i on
I develops a p o i n t of v i e w on t h e issuea n d demonst ra tes c o m p e t e n t c r i t i ca lt h i n k i n g , u s i n g adequate examples,reasons, a n d o t h e r ev idence to s u p p o r ti t s pos i t i on
I i s w e l l o rgan ized a n d clear ly focused,d e m o n s t r a t i n g clear coherence a n ds m o o t h progress ion o f ideas
I i s w e l l o rgan ized a n d focused,d e m o n s t r a t i n g coherence a n dprogress ion of ideas
I i s genera l l y organ ized a n d focused,d e m o n s t r a t i n g s o m e coherence a n dprogress ion of ideas
I exh ib i t s sk i l l f u l u s e o f language , u s i n ga varied, accura te , a n d a p t vocabu lary
I exh ib i t s fac i l i t y in t h e u s e o f language ,u s i n g appropr ia te vocabulary
I exh ib i ts adequate b u t incons is ten tfac i l i t y in t h e u s e o f language , u s i n ggenera l ly appropr ia te vocabulary
I demonst ra tes m e a n i n g f u l va r i e t y ins e n t e n c e s t r u c t u r e
I demonst ra tes var ie ty in s e n t e n c es t r u c t u r e
I demonst ra tes s o m e var ie ty in s e n t e n c es t r u c t u r e
I i s f ree o f m o s t e r r o r s i n g r a m m a r ,u s a g e , a n d mechan ics
SCORE OF 3An essay in th i s ca tegory demonstratesdeveloping m a s t e r y, a n d is markedby O N E OR M O R E of t h e fo l l ow ingweaknesses:
I is genera l ly f ree of m o s t e r r o r s ing r a m m a r , u s a g e , a n d mechan ics
SCORE OF 2An essay in th i s ca tegory demonstratesl i t t l e m a s t e r y, a n d i s fl a w e d b y O N E O RM O R E of t h e fo l l ow ing weaknesses:
I h a s s o m e e r r o r s i n g r a m m a r , u s a g e , a n dmechanics
SCORE OF 1An essay in th i s ca tegory demonstratesv e r y l i t t l e o r n o m a s t e r y, a n d i s severelyfl a w e d b y O N E O R M O R E o f t h efo l low ing weaknesses:
I develops a p o i n t of V iew on t h e issue,demonstrat ing s o m e cr i t ica l th ink ing,b u t m a y do so inconsistent ly or u s einadequate examples, reasons,oro ther evidence to s u p p o r t i t s pos i t ion
I develops a p o i n t of V iew on t h e issuet h a t is v a g u e or seriously l imi ted, a n ddemonstrates w e a k cr i t ical th ink ing,p rov id ing inappropr ia te or insuffic ientexamples, reasons, or o ther evidenceto s u p p o r t i t s pos i t ion
I develops no viable p o i n t of V iew ont h e issue, or prov ides l i t t l e or noevidence to s u p p o r t i t s pos i t ion
I is l im i t ed in i t s organizat ion or focus,or m a y demonstrate s o m e lapses incoherence or progression of ideas
I is poor ly organized and/or focused, ordemonstrates serious prob lems w i t hcoherence or progression of ideas
I is disorganized or unfocused,resu l t ing in a disjointed or incoherentessay
I displays developing faci l i ty in t h eu s e of language, b u t sometimes u s e sw e a k vocabulary or inappropr ia tew o r d choice
I displays v e r y l i t t l e faci l i ty in t h eu s e of language, us i ng v e r y l im i t edvocabulary or incorrect w o r d choice
I displays fundamenta l e r ro rs invocabulary
I lacks var iety or demonstratesprob lems i n s e n t e n c e s t r u c t u r e
I demonstrates f requent prob lems insen tence s t ruc tu re
I demonstrates s e v e r e flaws insen tence s t ruc tu re
I contains an accumulat ion of e r r o r s ing r a m m a r, usage , a n d mechanics
I contains e r r o r s in g r a m m a r, u s a g e ,a n d mechanics so serious t h a tmean ing is somewhat obscured
I contains pervasive e r r o r s in g r a m m a r,usage , or mechanics t h a t persistent lyin ter fere w i t h mean ing
Essays n o t w r i t t e n on t h e essay ass ignment w i l l receive a scoreof zero .
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Scoring the Offi cial SAT® Practice TestTo calculate your score on paper, check your responses with the correct answers on the following page. Fill in the blanks below and do the calculations to get your critical reading, mathematics, and writing raw scores. Use the tables on the following pages to fi nd your scaled scores.
Get Your Critical Reading ScoreHow many critical reading questions did you get right?
Section 4: Questions 1–24
Section 7: Questions 1–24 +
Section 8: Questions 1–19 +
Total = (A)
How many critical reading questions did you get wrong?
Section 4: Questions 1–24
Section 7: Questions 1–24 +
Section 8: Questions 1–19 +
Total =
× 0.25 = (B) A – B = Critical Reading
Raw Score
Round the critical reading raw score to the nearest whole number.
Use the table on page 53 to fi nd your critical reading scaled score.
Get Your Mathematics ScoreHow many mathematics questions did you get right?
Section 2: Questions 1–20
Section 6: Questions 1–18 +
Section 9: Questions 1–16 +
Total = (A)
How many multiple-choice mathematics questions did you get wrong?
Section 2: Questions 1–20
Section 6: Questions 1–8 +
Section 9: Questions 1–16 +
Total =
× 0.25 = (B)
A – B = Mathematics Raw Score
Round the mathematics raw score to the nearest whole number.
Use the table on page 53 to fi nd your mathematics scaled score.
Get Your Writing ScoreHow many multiple-choice writing questions did you get right?
Section 5: Questions 1–35
Section 10: Questions 1–14 +
Total = (A)
How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get wrong?
Section 5: Questions 1–35
Section 10: Questions 1–14 +
Total =
× 0.25 = (B)
A – B = Writing Multiple-Choice
Raw Score
Round the writing multiple-choice raw score to the nearest whole number.
(C)
Use the table on page 53 to fi nd your writing multiple-choice scaled score.
Estimate your essay score using
× 2 =_________ (D)
Use the writing composite table and look up your writing multiple-choice raw score (C) and your essay score (D) to fi nd your writing composite scaled score.
S How many multiple-choice mathematics questions did you get wrong?P r a c t. ce Te s t Section 2: Questions 1‐20
1 Section 6: Questions 1‐8 +
To calculate your score on paper, check your responses with the correct seCtlon 9: Quesuons 1‐16 +answers on the following page. Fill in the blanks below and do the Total =calculations to get your critical reading,mathematics,and writing rawscores. Use the tables on the following pages to find your scaled scores. X 0‘25 = ‐ ( B )
A ‐ B 2Mathematics Raw Score
Ge t Yo u r Cr i t i ca l Read ing ScoreH o w many critical readingquestions did you get right?
Round the mathematics raw score to the nearest whole number.
Section 4: Questions 1‐24
Section 7: Questions 1‐24 + Use the table on page 53 to find your mathematics scaled score.
Section 8: Questions 1‐19 +Total = (A)
H o w many critical readingquestions did you get wrong? Ge t Yo u r scoreSeCtion 43Quemons 1‘24 ‐ How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get right?Section 7: Questions 1‐24 + Section 5: Questions 1_35
SeCtion 8: Quemons 1‘19 + ‐ Section 10: Questions 1‐14 +Total = Total = (A)
X0‘25 = ‐ ( B ) How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get wrong?A _B2 Section 5: Questions 1‐35
critical Reading Section 10: Questions 1‐14 +Raw Score Total 2
Round the critical reading raw score to the nearest whole number.x 0.25 = (B)
A ‐ B 2
Use the table on page 53to find your critical readingscaled score. Writing Multiple-ChoiceRaw Score
Round the writing multiple-choice raw score to the nearest wholenumber.G e t Yo u r Mathemat ics Score (Q
H o w many mathematics questions did you get right?Section 2: Questions 1_20 Use the table on page 53to find your wri t ing multiple-ch01ce scaled
score.Section 6: Questions 1‐18 +Section 9: Questions 1‐16 +
Total = (A) Estimateyour essay score using
x 2 : : 0 ) )
Use the writing composite table and look up your writing multiple‑choice raw score (C) and your essay score (D) to find your writingcomposite scaled score.
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Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels
Critical ReadingSection 4 Section 7 Section 8
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. E 1 13. A 3 1. D 1 13. C 3 1. B 1 11. C 3 2. C 1 14. B 4 2. D 1 14. E 3 2. D 2 12. B 3 3. A 4 15. B 3 3. A 2 15. C 3 3. E 3 13. B 3 4. E 2 16. D 1 4. C 5 16. C 3 4. D 3 14. A 2 5. D 4 17. C 3 5. B 5 17. D 2 5. E 5 15. E 3 6. E 4 18. E 5 6. E 3 18. D 2 6. D 5 16. D 2 7. B 5 19. A 3 7. B 1 19. E 4 7. A 3 17. C 4 8. A 5 20. B 4 8. C 4 20. E 5 8. C 3 18. C 3 9. C 3 21. A 4 9. A 5 21. A 4 9. D 3 19. E 3
10. C 2 22. B 2 10. B 3 22. D 3 10. D 311. A 2 23. D 3 11. B 5 23. B 312. E 1 24. B 3 12. A 3 24. E 3
Number correct Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect Number incorrect
MathSection 2 Section 6 Section 9
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. Multiple-Choice Student-Produced COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. Questions Response Questions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. D 1 11. E 3 COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. 1. A 1 9. C 3 2. B 1 12. E 2 ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. 2. B 1 10. A 3 3. D 1 13. E 3 1. A 1 9. 12 1 3. D 1 11. D 3 4. C 1 14. A 4 2. C 1 10. 2 2 4. C 1 12. E 4 5. B 2 15. A 4 3. B 2 11. 120 < x < 125 2 5. C 3 13. B 4 6. A 2 16. B 4 4. B 2 12. 2035 3 6. A 2 14. C 4 7. A 2 17. B 5 5. A 3 13. 5 3 7. D 3 15. C 5 8. C 3 18. D 4 6. E 5 14. 89 3 8. E 3 16. E 5 9. C 3 19. C 5 7. E 4 15. 13/2 or 6.5 4
10. D 2 20. D 5 8. A 4 16. 5/9, .555 or .556 417. 700 518. 120 4
Number correct Number correct Number correct Number correct(9-18)
Number incorrect Number incorrect Number incorrect
Writing Section 5 Section 10
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. D 1 10. E 3 19. E 3 28. C 5 1. C 1 6. B 2 11. A 3 2. C 1 11. C 3 20. A 3 29. B 5 2. C 1 7. E 1 12. C 4 3. A 1 12. B 1 21. C 3 30. B 3 3. A 1 8. D 3 13. E 5 4. E 1 13. E 3 22. B 3 31. E 3 4. C 2 9. A 3 14. E 5 5. C 1 14. C 2 23. B 3 32. D 3 5. B 1 10. D 3 6. B 1 15. C 2 24. A 3 33. A 3 7. E 2 16. E 3 25. C 4 34. C 4 8. C 2 17. C 3 26. B 3 35. E 3 9. A 2 18. B 3 27. B 4
Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect
NOTE: Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college-bound seniors.Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels
Critical ReadingSection 4 Section 7 Section 8
COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. E 1 13. A 3 1. D 1 13. C 3 1. B 1 11. C 32. C 1 14. B 4 2. D 1 14. E 3 2. D 2 12. B 33. A 4 15. B 3 3. A 2 15. C 3 3. E 3 13. B 34. E 2 16. D 1 4. C 5 16. C 3 4. D 3 14. A 25. D 4 17. C 3 5. B 5 17. D 2 5. E 5 15. E 36. E 4 18. E 5 6. E 3 18. D 2 6. D 5 16. D 27. B 5 19. A 3 7. B 1 19. E 4 7. A 3 17. C 48. A 5 20. B 4 8. C 4 20. E 5 8. C 3 18. C 39. C 3 21. A 4 9. A 5 21. A 4 9. D 3 19. E 310. C 2 22. B 2 10. B 3 22. D 3 10. D 311. A 2 23. D 3 11. B 5 23. B 312. E 1 24. B 3 12. A 3 24. E 3
Number correct Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect Number incorrect
MathSection 2 Section 6 Section 9
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. Multiple-Choice Student-Produced COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. Questions Response Questions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
l . D 1 l l . E 3 COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. l . A l 9. C 32. B 1 12. E 2 ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. 2. B 1 10. A 33. D 1 13. E 3 1. A 1 9. 12 1 3. D 1 11. D 34. C 1 14. A 4 2. C 1 10. 2 2 4. C 1 12. E 45. B 2 15. A 4 3. B 2 11. 12O<X<125 2 5. C 3 13. B 46. A 2 16. B 4 4. B 2 12. 2035 3 6. A 2 14. C 47. A 2 17. B 5 5. A 3 13. 5 3 7. D 3 15. C 58. C 3 18. D 4 6. E 5 14. 89 3 8. E 3 16. E 59. C 3 19. C 5 7. E 4 15. 13/2or 6.5 410. D 2 20. D 5 8. A 4 16. 5/9, .555 or .556 4
17. 700 518. 120 4
Number correct Number correct Number correct Number correct(9-18)
Number incorrect Number incorrect Number incorrect
Section 5 Section 10COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF. COR.DIFF.ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1 D 1 10. E 3 19. E 3 28. C 5 1 C 1 6. B 2 11. A 32 C 1 11. C 3 20. A 3 29. B 5 2 C 1 7. E 1 12. C 43 A 1 12. B 1 21. C 3 30. B 3 3 A 1 8. D 3 13. E 54 E 1 13. E 3 22. B 3 31. E 3 4 C 2 9. A 3 14. E 55 C 1 14. C 2 23. B 3 32. D 3 5 B 1 10. D 36 B 1 15. C 2 24. A 3 33. A 37 E 2 16. E 3 25. C 4 34. C 48 C 2 17. C 3 26. B 3 35. E 39 A 2 18. B 3 27. B 4
Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect
N O T E : Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college-bound seniors.Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
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SAT Score Conversion Table
Writing WritingCritical Multiple- Critical Multiple-Reading Math Choice Reading Math Choice
Raw Scaled Scaled Scaled Raw Scaled Scaled ScaledScore Score Score Score* Score Score Score Score*
67 800 31 510 560 5466 800 30 500 550 5465 800 29 500 540 5364 780 28 490 530 5263 760 27 480 530 5162 750 26 480 520 5061 730 25 470 510 4960 720 24 460 500 4859 710 23 460 490 4758 700 22 450 480 4757 690 21 450 470 4656 680 20 440 460 4555 670 19 430 450 4454 660 800 18 430 440 4353 650 800 17 420 430 4252 640 780 16 410 420 4151 640 760 15 410 420 4150 630 740 14 400 410 4049 620 730 80 13 390 400 3948 610 720 78 12 380 390 3847 610 710 75 11 380 380 3746 600 700 73 10 370 370 3645 590 690 71 9 360 360 3544 590 680 69 8 350 350 3443 580 670 67 7 340 330 3342 580 660 66 6 330 320 3241 570 650 65 5 320 310 3140 560 640 64 4 310 290 3039 560 630 62 3 300 280 2838 550 620 61 2 280 260 2737 540 620 60 1 270 240 2536 540 610 59 0 250 210 2435 530 600 58 -1 230 200 2234 530 590 57 -2 210 200 2033 520 580 56 -3 200 200 2032 510 570 55 and
below
This table is for use only with the test in this booklet.
*The writing multiple-choice score is reported on a 20-80 scale. Use the table on the following page for the writing composite scaled score.
SAT Score Conversion Table
Writ ing Writ ingCritical Multiple- Critical Multiple‑Reading Ma th Choice Reading Ma th Choice
Raw Scaled Scaled Scaled Raw Scaled Scaled ScaledScore Score Score Score" Score Score Score Score"67 800 31 510 560 5466 800 30 500 550 5465 800 29 500 540 5364 780 28 490 530 5263 760 27 480 530 5162 750 26 480 520 5061 730 25 470 510 4960 720 24 460 500 4859 710 23 460 490 4758 700 22 450 480 4757 690 21 450 470 4656 680 20 440 460 4555 670 19 430 450 4454 660 800 18 430 440 4353 650 800 17 420 430 4252 640 780 16 410 420 4151 640 760 15 410 420 4150 630 740 14 400 410 4049 620 730 80 13 390 400 3948 610 720 78 12 380 390 3847 610 710 75 11 380 380 3746 600 700 73 10 370 370 3645 590 690 71 9 360 360 3544 590 680 69 8 350 350 3443 580 670 67 7 340 330 3342 580 660 66 6 330 320 3241 570 650 65 5 320 310 3140 560 640 64 4 310 290 3039 560 630 62 3 300 280 2838 550 620 61 2 280 260 2737 540 620 60 1 270 240 2536 540 610 59 0 250 210 2435 530 600 58 -1 230 200 2234 530 590 57 -2 210 200 2033 520 580 56 -3 200 200 2032 510 570 55 and
below
This table is for use only with the test in this booklet.
*The writing multiple-choice score is reported on a20-80 scale. Use the table on the followingpage for the writing composite scaled score.
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SAT Writing Composite Score Conversion Table
Writing MC Essay Raw ScoreRaw Score 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0
49 800 800 800 800 790 760 750 730 720 710 690 68048 800 800 780 770 750 720 710 690 680 670 650 64047 790 770 760 740 720 700 680 660 650 640 630 62046 770 750 740 720 700 680 660 650 630 620 610 60045 750 740 720 710 690 660 650 630 620 610 590 58044 740 730 710 690 670 650 630 620 600 590 580 57043 730 710 700 680 660 640 620 600 590 580 560 55042 720 700 680 670 650 630 610 590 580 570 550 54041 700 690 670 660 640 610 600 580 570 560 540 53040 690 680 660 650 630 600 590 570 560 550 530 52039 690 670 650 640 620 590 580 560 550 540 520 51038 680 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 540 530 510 50037 670 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 520 500 49036 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 49035 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 510 500 490 48034 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 480 47033 630 620 600 590 570 540 530 510 500 490 470 46032 630 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 45031 620 600 590 570 550 530 510 500 480 470 460 45030 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 44029 610 590 570 560 540 520 500 480 470 460 440 43028 600 580 570 550 530 510 490 470 460 450 430 42027 590 580 560 540 520 500 480 470 450 440 430 42026 580 570 550 540 510 490 480 460 450 440 420 41025 580 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 40024 570 550 540 520 500 480 460 450 430 420 410 40023 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 39022 560 540 520 510 490 470 450 430 420 410 390 38021 550 530 520 500 480 460 440 420 410 400 380 38020 540 530 510 490 470 450 430 420 400 390 380 37019 530 520 500 490 470 440 430 410 400 390 370 36018 530 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 390 380 360 35017 520 500 490 470 450 430 410 400 380 370 360 35016 510 500 480 470 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 34015 510 490 470 460 440 420 400 380 370 360 340 33014 500 480 470 450 430 410 390 370 360 350 330 33013 490 480 460 440 420 400 380 370 350 340 330 32012 480 470 450 440 410 390 380 360 350 340 320 31011 480 460 440 430 410 390 370 350 340 330 310 30010 470 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 3009 460 450 430 410 390 370 350 340 320 310 300 2908 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 290 2807 440 430 410 400 380 350 340 320 310 300 280 2706 440 420 400 390 370 350 330 310 300 290 270 2605 430 410 390 380 360 340 320 300 290 280 260 2504 420 400 380 370 350 330 310 290 280 270 250 2403 410 390 370 360 340 320 300 280 270 260 240 2302 390 380 360 350 320 300 290 270 260 250 230 2201 380 370 350 330 310 290 270 260 240 230 220 2100 370 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 220 200 200-1 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 210 200 200 200-2 340 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200-3 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 200-4 310 300 280 260 240 220 200 200 200 200 200 200
and below
This table is for use only with the test in this booklet.
SAT Wr i t ing Composite Score Conversion Table
Writing MC Essay Raw ScoreRaw Score 12 l l 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0
49 800 800 800 800 790 760 750 730 720 710 690 68048 800 800 780 770 750 720 710 690 680 670 650 64047 790 770 760 740 720 700 680 660 650 640 630 62046 770 750 740 720 700 680 660 650 630 620 610 60045 750 740 720 710 690 660 650 630 620 610 590 58044 740 730 710 690 670 650 630 620 600 590 580 57043 730 710 700 680 660 640 620 600 590 580 560 55042 720 700 680 670 650 630 610 590 580 570 550 54041 700 690 670 660 640 610 600 580 570 560 540 53040 690 680 660 650 630 600 590 570 560 550 530 52039 690 670 650 640 620 590 580 560 550 540 520 51038 680 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 540 530 510 50037 670 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 520 500 49036 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 49035 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 510 500 490 48034 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 480 47033 630 620 600 590 570 540 530 510 500 490 470 46032 630 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 45031 620 600 590 570 550 530 510 500 480 470 460 45030 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 44029 610 590 570 560 540 520 500 480 470 460 440 43028 600 580 570 550 530 510 490 470 460 450 430 42027 590 580 560 540 520 500 480 470 450 440 430 42026 580 570 550 540 510 490 480 460 450 440 420 41025 580 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 40024 570 550 540 520 500 480 460 450 430 420 410 40023 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 39022 560 540 520 510 490 470 450 430 420 410 390 38021 550 530 520 500 480 460 440 420 410 400 380 38020 540 530 510 490 470 450 430 420 400 390 380 37019 530 520 500 490 470 440 430 410 400 390 370 36018 530 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 390 380 360 35017 520 500 490 470 450 430 410 400 380 370 360 35016 510 500 480 470 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 34015 510 490 470 460 440 420 400 380 370 360 340 33014 500 480 470 450 430 410 390 370 360 350 330 33013 490 480 460 440 420 400 380 370 350 340 330 32012 480 470 450 440 410 390 380 360 350 340 320 310ll 480 460 440 430 410 390 370 350 340 330 310 30010 470 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 3009 460 450 430 410 390 370 350 340 320 310 300 2908 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 290 2807 440 430 410 400 380 350 340 320 310 300 280 2706 440 420 400 390 370 350 330 310 300 290 270 2605 430 410 390 380 360 340 320 300 290 280 260 2504 420 400 380 370 350 330 310 290 280 270 250 2403 410 390 370 360 340 320 300 280 270 260 240 2302 390 380 360 350 320 300 290 270 260 250 230 220l 380 370 350 330 310 290 270 260 240 230 220 2100 370 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 220 200 200-l 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 210 200 200 200-2 340 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200-3 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 200-4 310 300 280 260 240 220 200 200 200 200 200 200
and below
This table is for use only wi th the tes t in this booklet.
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ac Cove
SAT® Program Test Calendar 2009-10
TEST DATES OCT 10 NOV 7 DEC 5 JAN 23 MAR 13 MAY 1 JUN 5REGISTRATION DEADLINESEarly (international only)RegularLate (domestic only)
Aug 19Sep 9
Sep 23
Sep 16Oct 1
Oct 15
Oct 14Oct 30Nov 12
Dec 2Dec 15Dec 30
NAFeb 4Feb 18
Mar 10Mar 25Apr 8
Apr 14Apr 29May 13
Note: In March, only the SAT® is offered, and it is only administered in U.S. centers. Sunday test dates immediately follow the Saturday test dates, except for October, when the Sunday date has been moved to Oct. 18 to avoid conflict with the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah. Domestic mail must be postmarked by the deadlines. International mail must be received by the deadlines. Students who miss a test should call Customer Service to reschedule (the change fee applies).
SATSAT Subject Tests™
Literature Biology E/M, Chemistry, PhysicsMathematics Levels 1 & 2 U.S. History
World History
Languages: Reading Only
French, Spanish
German, Modern Hebrew
Latin
Italian
Languages with ListeningLanguage Tests with Listening are only offered in November. You may take only one listening test at that time.Chinese, French, German, Japanese,
Korean and Spanish
ADMISSION TICKET MAILINGS
Begin Mail Date Aug 18 Sep 15 Oct 13 Dec 1 Jan 19 Mar 9 Apr 13
End Mail Date Sep 30 Oct 28 Nov 24 Jan 13 Mar 3 Apr 21 May 26
Score Reports: Scores are available online and by phone several weeks after the test date. Official score reports are delivered about five weeks after the test. Some scores may take longer to report. Visit www.collegeboard.com for a list of approximate score availability dates.
Fees for 2009-10 Registration and TestingSAT ................................................................................ $45Subject Tests Basic Subject Test Fee (per registration) ...... $20 Language Test with Listening ................... add $20 All other Subject Tests ........................add $9 each
Additional Processing Fees (Add to total testing fees)Register by phone ................................................. $12.50 (available only if you have registered before)Test Type, Center or Date Change Fee ..................$22Late Fee .........................................................................$23Standby Fee ..................................................................$38International Processing Fee ....................................$26 Additional surcharge (India & Pakistan) .......$23
Note: Standby testing is not allowed in Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria or Togo.
Receiving Your ScoresScores by Web .......................................................FREEOfficial Score Report ................................................FREEScores by phone (per call) ................................$12.50
Sending Your ScoresScore report requests at registration ..... 4 includedAdditional score report requests* .........$9.50 eachRUSH order (per order) .........................................$27 (Fee-waiver users, see the SAT Paper Registration Guide for information about flexible score reports at no charge.)
Student Answer ServicesSAT Question-and-Answer Service* ...................$18SAT Student Answer Service* ..............................$12
Additional ServicesHand-Scoring/Score Verification Request:
Multiple-choice score verification .................$50Essay score verification .....................................$50
Refund processing fee .............................................. $7(for overpayments and duplicate payments)
Payment NotesDo not send cash. We will return unprocessed all registrations and orders received with cash or checks drawn on non-U.S. banks or other forms of payment not listed as acceptable in the SAT Paper Registration Guide. We reserve the right to electronically collect payments by check. See the SAT Paper Registration Guide for more information.
* Fees are nonrefundable except as noted with an asterisk. You must have missed your test date to receive a refund for these services. Orders cannot be refunded, returned or canceled after shipment.
75046580911-76942 • UNLWEB99
SAT® Prog ram Test Calendar 2009‐10TEST DATESREGISTRATION DEADLINESEarly (international only)RegularLate (domestic only)
OCT 10 NOV 7 JAN 23 MAR 13 MAY1
Aug 19 Sep 16 Oct 14 Dec 2 NA Mar 10 Apr 14Sep 9 Oct 1 Oct 30 Dec 15 Feb 4 Mar 25 Apr 29Sep 23 Oct 15 Nov 12 Dec 30 Feb 18 Apr 8 May 13
Note: In March, only the SAT" is offered, and it is only administered in U.S. centers. Sunday test dates immediately follow the Saturday test dates,except for October, when the Sunday date has been moved to Oct. 18to avoid conflict with the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah.Domestic mail must be postmarked by the deadlines. International mail must be received by the deadlines. Students who miss a test should callCustomer Service to reschedule (the change fee applies).
SAT I I I I I ISAT Subject TestsmLiterature
3 : 111 : 9 3 ; - - - - ‑U.S. History
World History I I
Languages: Read ing On l yFrench, Spanish I I I I
German, Modern Hebrew I
Latin I I
Italian I
Languages w i t h L i s ten ingChinese, French, German, Japanese,Korean and Spanish
ADMISSION TICKET MAILINGS
Language Tests with Listening are only offered in November. You may takeonly one listening test at that time.
Begin Mail Date
End Mail Date
Aug18 SepIS Oct 13
Sep 30 Oct 28 Nov 24
Dec l
Janl3
Jan 19 Mar 9 Apr 13
Mar 3 Apr 21 May 26
Score Reports: Scores are available online and by phone several weeks after the test date. Official score reports are delivered about five weeks afterthe test. Some scores may take longer to report. Visit www.collegeboard.com for a list of approximate score availability dates.
Fees for 2009‐10Registration and TestingSAT ................................................................................$45Subject Tests
Basic Subject Test Fee (per registration)......$20Language Test with Listening...................add $20All other Subject Tests........................add $9 each
Additional Processing Fees(Add to total testing fees)Register by phone .................................................$12.50
(available only if you have registered before)Test Type, Center or Date Change Fee..................$22Late Fee ............Standby Fee..... ....$38International Processing Fee....................................$26
Additional surcharge (India & Pakistan) .......$23
Note: Standby testing is not allowed in Benin,Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria or Togo.
ReceivingYour ScoresScores by Web ........... .Official Score Report .. ....FREEScores by phone (per call)................................$12.50
Sending Your ScoresScore report requests at registration 4 includedAdditional score report requests* .........$9.50 eachRUSH order (per order) .........................................$27(Fee-waiver users, see the SATPaper RegistrationGuide for information about flexible score reports atno charge.)
Student Answer ServicesSAT Question-and-Answer Service*SAT Student Answer Service*
Additional ServicesHand-Scoring/Score Verification Request:Multiple-choice score verification .................$50Essay score verification .....$50
Refund processing fee ....... ....... $7(for overpayments and duplicate payments)
Payment NotesDo not send cash. We will return unprocessed allregistrations and orders received with cash or checksdrawn on non-U.S. banks or other forms of paymentnot listed as acceptable in the SAT Paper RegistrationGuide. We reserve the right to electronically collectpayments by check. See the SATPaper RegistrationGuide for more information.
*Fees are nonrefundable except as noted with an asterisk. You must have missed your test date to receivea refund for these services. Orders cannot be refunded, returned or canceled after shipment.
80911-76942 - UNLWEBQQ
750465