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i
Coral Reef Monitoring Expedition
to Moalboal and Badian, Cebu,
Philippines
May 7-13, 2019
A project of
The Coastal Conservation and Education
Foundation, Inc.
(formerly Sulu Fund for Marine
Conservation, Inc.)
With the participation and support of the
Expedition Researchers
SAVING PHILIPPINE REEFS 2019
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Saving Philippine Reefs 2019 Report
Coral Reef Monitoring Expedition to
Moalboal and Badian, Cebu, Philippines
May 7-13, 2019
A project of The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc.
With the participation and support from Expedition Volunteer Researchers:
Julia Cichowski, Mark Copley, Barbara Flanagan, Denise Illing, Geoff Illing, Alexander
Douglas Robb, Roland Thomas, Vittoria Thornley, and Dean White
Primary Researchers
Alan T. White, Ph.D.
Principal Investigator
CCEF, President
Aileen Maypa, Ph.D.
Co-Principal Investigator
Staff
Evangeline E. White
SPR Manager and Coordinator, CCEF
Jonathaniel Apurado
Dive Master, CCEF
Al Jeriel Lozada
Research and Data Coordinator, CCEF
Floramae J. Neri
Research and Data Coordinator, CCEF
Agnes Corine Sabonsolin
Logistics Assistant
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Summary Field Report for Saving Philippine Reefs 2019 Coral Reef Monitoring Expedition to Moalboal and Badian,
Cebu, Philippines, May 7-13, 2019. Produced by the Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. (CCEF) Cebu City, Philippines Citation: White, A.T., A. Maypa, F. Neri, J. Apurado, A.J. Lozada, A. Sabonsolin and E. White. 2019. Summary Field Report for Saving Philippine Reefs 2019 Coral Reef Monitoring Expedition to Moalboal and Badian, Province of Cebu, Philippines, May 7-13, 2019. The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc., Cebu City, 59p. CCEF Document No. 01/2019. This publication may be reproduced or quoted in other publications as long as proper reference is made to the source. This report was made possible through the support of the SPR Expedition Research Volunteers organized through the Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc., UNICO Conservation Foundation, and the CCEF Team. The production of the report was made possible through the efforts of A. White, F. Neri, J. Apurado, and A. Lozada. Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. (CCE Foundation) is a non-profit organization concerned with coral reef conservation and fisheries management through marine protected areas. Report Layout by Floramae Neri Cover photo by Agnes Corine Sabonsolin Back cover photo by Al Jeriel Lozada All communications to: The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. Room 302, 3rd Floor, PDI Condominium, Archbishop Reyes Avenue, Banilad, Cebu City, Philippines 6000 Phone: (032) 326-516 Fax: (032) 233-6909 Mobile: +63-915-585-5857 Email: [email protected] Website: www.coast.ph
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables i List of Figures i List of Acronyms and Abbreviations v Executive Summary vi Acknowledgements vii Introduction
About Saving Philippine Reefs (SPR) 2019 1 Expedition Research Volunteers—What Will They Do? 2 Accommodations 2 Who are the Organizers? 2 Who has joined? 3 What data will be collected? 3 Map of the sites 4
Methods and Data Collection Substrate Cover 8 Fish Visual Census (FVC) 8 Data Analyses 9
Coral and Fish Abundance 9 Fish biomass 10
Results Basdiot Marine Protected Area 10 Pescador Marine Protected Area 13 Saavedra Marine Protected Area 15 Tuble Marine Protected Area 16 Lambog Marine Protected Area 19 Zaragosa Marine Protected Area 21
Summary of Findings and Trends Municipality of Moalboal Substrate Summary 24 Municipality of Badian Substrate Summary 26 Fish Diversity, Abundance, and Density Summary 28 Butterflyfish Summary 30
Recommendations for Improved Management 31 References 32 Appendix 33
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.
1 Categories for live hard coral cover set by Gomez et al. (1994)
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2 Classification of fish densities (Hilomen et al. 2000) 9 3 Species List of Butterflyfish 33 4 Itinerary of Events 34 5 Expedition Research Volunteers 36 6 Expedition Staff 38 7 SCUBA Substrate Survey (PIT) Form 39 8 Snorkeling Substrate Survey Form 40 9 Butterfly Fish Form 41 10 Underwater Visual Census (Fish Survey) Form 42
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description Page No.
1 SPR 2019 group photo with the expedition research volunteers and CCEF staff.
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2 Map of the Philippines showing the location of Cebu, Central Visayas.
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3 Overview of the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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4 Map showing the location of Tuble MPA and Saavedra MPA in Moalboal, Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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5 Map showing the location of Pescador MPA and Basdiot MPA in Moalboal, Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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6 Map showing the location of Lambog MPA and Zaragosa MPA in Basdiot, Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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7 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Basdiot (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
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Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Basdiot inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Basdiot. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
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9 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside Basdiot Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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10 Mean (±SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Basdiot Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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11
Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Pescador inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Pescador. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
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12 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside Pescador Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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13 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Pescador Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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14 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Saavedra (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
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15 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 inside Saavedra Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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16 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Saavedra Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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17 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Saavedra (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
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Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Tuble inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Tuble. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
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19 Mean (±SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside Tuble Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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20 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Tuble Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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21 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
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Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Lambog. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
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23 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside Lambog Fish and Seagrass Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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24 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Lambog Fish and Seagrass Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m.
21
25 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Zaragosa (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
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26 Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red
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arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Zaragosa. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
27 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside Zaragosa Island Marine Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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28 Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside Zaragosa Island Marine Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
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29 Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Moalboal from 2005 to 20019 at 2-3m depth.
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30 Graph showing the percent cover of the different substrate in the shallow areas of three MPAs in Moalboal in 2019.
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31 Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Moalboal from 2005 to 20019 at 6-8m depth.
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32 Summary of the substrate composition in both inside and outside of the MPAs surveyed in Moalboal.
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33 Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Badian from 2005 to 20019 at 2-3m depth.
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34 Graph showing the percent cover of the different substrate in the shallow areas of two MPAs in Badian in 2019.
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35 Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Badian from 2005 to 20019 at 6-8m depth.
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36 Summary of the substrate composition in both inside and outside of the MPAs surveyed in Badian.
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37 Mean (± SE) fish density (fish/ 500m2) of all reef fish species in both inside and outside of six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu.
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38 Mean (± SE) fish density (fish/ 500m2) of target reef fish species in both inside and outside of six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu through different years.
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39 Mean (+ SD) fish species abundance (species/ 500m2) of all reef fish species in six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu 2013 and 2019.
29
40 Biomass (kg/500m2) of target fish species in both inside and outside of six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu through different years.
30
41 Number of species of butterflyfishes observed in the 6 survey sites in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu in the years 2009-2019.
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42 Winning photo by Agnes Sabonsolin for SPR 2019 Photo Contest.
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43 The nudibranch Phyllodesmium briareum captured by Vittoria Thornley.
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44 Some of the sea turtles spotted during the surveys. Top photo by Julia Chikowski; Bottom photo by: Floramae Neri.
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Some of the critter that were spotted during the surveys. Photos by Roland Thomas (top left), Alan White (top right), Vittoria Thornley (bottom left) and Ae Sobonsolin (bottom right).
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46 View from the beautiful Kasai Village. Photos by Mark Copley (top) and Denise Illing (bottom).
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People of SPR 2019. Geoff and Ae channeling their inner Superman and Wonder woman, the team coming home from a dive and the beautiful mommies of SPR. Photos by Denise Illing, Vangie White and Alan White.
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48 Fun dive at the sardine run. Photos by Al Jeriel Lozada, Floramae Neri, Mark Copley, Jonathaniel Apurado and Vittoria Thornley.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ave. - Average CB - Coral Branching CCEF - Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. CE - Coral Encrusting CF - Coral Foliose CM - Coral Massive DC - Dead Coral DCA - Dead Coral with Algae Fig. - Figure FVC - Fish Visual Census IEC - Information Education Communication kg - Kilogram LGU - Local Government Unit LHC - Live Hard Coral m - Meters MA - Macroalgae MPA - Marine Protected Area NGO - Non-government Organization NL - Non-living OT - Others PIT - Point Intercept Transect PO - People’s Organization RB - Coral Rubble RCK - Rock SC - Soft Coral SD - Sand SE - Standard Error SG - Seagrass SI - Silt SP - Sponge spp. - Species SPR - Saving Philippine Reefs TA - Turf Algae UVC - Underwater Visual Census
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The team composed of 11 international Expedition Research Volunteers together with the
staff of Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation (CCEF) revisited six sites in the
Municipality of Moalboal and the Municipality of Badian in Cebu. Data such as the
substrate cover, which includes the cover of living and non-living substrates, and the
abundance, density, and biomass of fishes in the area.
Underwater surveys were conducted last May 7-13, 2019 in shallow and deep areas of the reef using systematic snorkeling surveys and SCUBA surveys using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method. Classification of the coral reef status in the survey sites was based on the categories set by Gomez et al. (1994). The overall live hard coral (LHC) cover in the MPAs of Moalboal and Badian ranges from fair (25-49%) to good (50-74.9%). In the Municipality of Moalboal, Pescador MPA has the highest LHC cover of 60.3 SE ±7.2% followed by Saavedra MPA (54.2 SE ±4%) and Basdiot MPA (54 SE ±10%). For the two MPAs surveyed in the Municipality of Badian, the LHC cover of Lambog and Zaragosa MPAs were 54.3 SE ±2.2% and 44.2 SE ±3.9%, respectively. The shallow areas of the MPAs in Moalboal and Badian are all in fair condition. Overall, there is a significant increase in the LHC cover in most sites surveyed compared to the results from 2013.
Fish surveys were conducted using a 50 x 10m Underwater Visual Census (UVC) survey.
Classification of fish densities followed that of Hilomen et al. (2000), where values were
computed for 1000m2 area. Basdiot MPA had the highest fish density with 3413.5 SE ±222
ave. fish/500m2 of all the MPAs surveyed in the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian.
This was followed by Pescador and Saavedra MPAs with an average fish density of 2867.5
SE ±588 ave. fish/500m2 and 1651.8 SE ±385 ave. fish/500m2, respectively. For fish
biomass, Basdiot MPA had the highest with 21.72 kg/500m2 followed by Pescador (15.2
kg/500m2) and Tuble (9.2 kg/500m2). Overall, there is a significant decrease in the species
richness, density, and biomass in all MPAs surveyed.
Based on the results and observations from the data gathered, several recommendations
which include the (1) review or re-evaluation of the coastal resource management in these
areas, (2) continue monitoring for sustained management, (3) need to improve and sustain
coastal fisheries law enforcement, and (4) increased information, education, and
communication efforts were given to further enhance conservation of MPAs in these
municipalities due to the decreasing density and biomass of fish observed.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This coral reef monitoring expedition and its outcome are credited to the 9 international volunteers from Australia, England, and the United States who dedicated their time and funding to the research work. We thank these volunteers for their continued support for SPR and CCEF. Equally important are the Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation staff, partners and volunteers that prepared for the trip and have all done their part in the overall successful completion of the Expedition. They include: Jonathaniel Apurado, Researcher and Dive Master; Al Jeriel Lozada, Research and Data Coordinator; Floramae Neri, Research and Data Coordinator; Agnes Corine Sabonsolin, Logistics Assistant; Mariz Calumpang, CCEF Chief Accountant; Pablita Toyong-Huerbana, CCEF Administrative Assistant; and Vangie White, Overall Project Manager and support coordinator for the trip. Special thanks go to Dr. Aileen Maypa who, despite her busy schedule, was able to assist with the expedition. The Kasai Village Resort staff and management hosted our group with traditional Filipino hospitality. We would like to thank the Kasai Village team for providing excellent diving services and assistance throughout our trip, excellent food, and accommodations. We also extend our thanks to the Municipal Governments of Moalboal and Badian for allowing us to continue to monitor the reefs in their municipality and for helping make SPR 2019 a success. Their continuing efforts in protecting their marine protected areas and adjacent coral reefs in their jurisdiction is commendable. The final production of this report has been efficiently accomplished by Floramae Neri, Jonathaniel Apurado and Al Jeriel Lozada of CCEF.
Finally, the opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the organization or the Expedition Research Volunteers and remaining errors
are assumed by the authors.
Alan T. White, Ph.D.
SPR-Principal Investigator
CCEF President
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INTRODUCTION
About the Saving Philippine Reefs (SPR) Expedition 2019
The Saving Philippine Reefs (SPR) Expedition is an annual monitoring program founded
by Dr. Alan White and Evangeline White in the 1980s. The expedition involves
international expedition research volunteers who collect data in selected reefs around the
Philippines. The aim of the expedition is to monitor the status of coral reefs around the
Philippines and use this information to help improve management of coral reef marine
protected areas (MPAs) and to recommend policies for the continued protection and
conservation of coastal resources in survey areas.
In 2019, the SPR expedition was conducted in the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian,
Cebu Province, Philippines. The Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian border the waters
of the Tañon Strait which has national protection under the National Integrated Protected
Areas System (NIPAS) (Dolar et al 2006; Tiongson and Karczmarski 2016). Moalboal is
one of the premiere dive destinations in the southern Philippines and currently has four
locally declared and managed marine sanctuaries where a user-fee system operates to
generate income for the local communities and the municipality. Badian town, just south
of Moalboal is a popular tourist destination that boasts white-sand beaches and other
natural attractions. It has five locally declared MPAs.
Figure 1. SPR 2019 group photo with the expedition research volunteers and
CCEF staff.
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The expedition determined the coral reef condition within the marine sanctuaries and their
adjacent fishing grounds And the data was used to compare monitoring data collected
by CCEF and the local community in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013 using similar
methods. The expedition results will be used as supplementary information that can help
support the current management of marine sanctuaries and indicate the effectiveness of
protection from illegal fishing and improper tourism activities in the area.
Expedition Research Volunteers—What Will They Do?
The expedition research volunteers are all experienced SCUBA divers, and most have participated in one of the “Saving Philippine Reefs Expeditions”. The volunteers took part in using standardized methods to collect substrate and fish data. The first day was mostly dedicated to lectures and practice dives to refresh the survey skills of the volunteers. Optional recreational dives were also done after the survey dives were completed.
Accommodations
The Kasai Village Dive and Spa Resort is situated near a fishing village in the town of Moalboal and is surrounded by white beaches and a shoreline that features excellent dive sites. Kasai Village was established in 2006 and is run by Mr. Michael Peterson and his wife Lydia. Employing local boatmen and residents, Kasai Village has grown into an establishment that aims to protect nature through sustainable practices such as good garbage disposal and management and responsible diving. Kasai Village is also known to support local artists, the local handicraft industry, and encourages building the spirit of partnership and goodwill in all its operations.
Who are the Organizers?
The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. is a non-profit organization in the Philippines working to conserve coral reefs and to support the implementation of effective marine protected areas. The CCE Foundation has continued to support monitoring in the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, and been present in assisting and guiding these local governments in the management of their marine protected areas since 2002.
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Who has joined?
Nine volunteers and six staff comprised the survey team. All but one had joined a similar reef expedition survey to the Philippines in the past.
What data will be collected?
The dive volunteers and staff collected the following information:
a. Percent bottom cover of living coral
b. Percent bottom cover of non-living reef substrates (e.g. rock, rubble, sand, dead coral)
c. Percent bottom cover of other living substrates (e.g. seagrass, algae, sponges)
d. Fish species diversity per unit area
e. Total number of fish individuals per unit area
f. Total number of fish species on the reef
g. Number of indicator species per unit area (e.g. butterflyfish, giant clams, lobsters, Triton shells, Crown-of-thorns sea-stars and others)
h. Presence of large marine life (e.g. sharks, manta rays, bumphead wrasses, sea turtles, whales and dolphins, and others)
i. Causes of coral damage j. Presence of visitors of intruders in the area k. Effectiveness of management protection in the area
Figure 2. Map of the Philippines showing the
location of Cebu, Central Visayas.
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Figure 3. Overview of the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, Cebu, Central
Visayas, Philippines.
The sites surveyed, both inside and outside of the marine protected areas in the 2
municipalities are shown in Figures 3-6.
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Figure 4. Map showing the location of Tuble MPA and Saavedra MPA in Moalboal,
Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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Figure 5. Map showing the location of Pescador MPA and Basdiot MPA in Moalboal,
Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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Figure 6. Map showing the location of Lambog MPA and Zaragosa MPA in Basdiot,
Cebu, Central Visayas, Philippines.
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METHODS AND DATA COLLECTION
Substrate Cover
Systematic snorkeling surveys were carried out in the shallow reef flat at 2-3 m depth covering 0.5–1 km parallel to the reef crest. The distance covered for sampling is limited by the reef extent and may be less than 0.5 km in some sites. The substrate was evaluated within an estimated area of 1 m2 quadrat at every 50-meter stop (or station). The following data was recorded:
1. Percent cover of living coral (hard and soft) 2. Percent cover of non-living substrate (e.g., rock, rubble, sand, dead coral) 3. Percent cover of living substrate (e.g., seagrass, algae, sponges) 4. Numbers of indicator species (e.g., butterflyfish, giant clams, lobsters, Triton
shells, Crown of thorns starfish and other invertebrates) 5. Presence of large marine life (e.g., sharks, manta rays, Humphead wrasses, sea
turtles, whales, dolphins and others) 6. Causes of reef damage
Distances between stations were estimated through kick cycles, wherein, volunteers calibrated their kicks along a transect tape prior to surveys. Each volunteer attempted to make at least ten or more stations on one snorkel survey, limited by the extent of the reef. Scuba surveys were carried out at 6-8 m depth parallel to the reef crest using a systematic point-intercept method. Transects were laid on sections of a reef flat, reef crest or slope. Substrate was evaluated at 25cm intervals along a 50m transect. Data gathered during scuba surveys were the same type as those collected during snorkel surveys. The distance between transect ends was approximately 5m.
Fish Visual Census (FVC)
Fish abundance and diversity were estimated using a 50 x 10 m underwater visual census (UVC; n = 4 - 8) technique done by two specialists (AT White and J. Apurado). Specified substrate transects were utilized as guides for the UVC. The abundance of target species, indicator species and numerically dominant and visually obvious were all counted. Length of fish counted is also estimated (Uychiaoco et al. 2001; English et al. 1997). Biomass of target species was computed using length-weight constants (www.fishbase.org).
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Data Analysis
Coral and Fish Abundance
Substrate was categorized into total live hard coral (branching, massive, encrusting and foliose), soft coral, rubble, non-living substrate (white dead standing coral, dead coral, rock and block, sand and silt) and others (sponges, algae, and seagrass) for comparison and presented graphically. In describing coral condition, the following terms may have the corresponding values:
Table 1. Categories for live hard coral cover set by Gomez et al. (1994)
Live Coral Cover (%mean ±SE)
Poor Fair Good Excellent
0 – 24.9 25 – 49.9 50 - 74.9 75 – 100%
Density of fish was presented and classified according to the 19 coral reef fish families/
subfamily which include target fish families (Serranidae: Epinepheinae (groupers) and
Anthiinae (fairy basslets), Lutjanidae (snappers), Haemulidae (sweetlips), Lethrinidae
(emperors), Carangidae (jacks), Caesionidae (fusiliers), Nemipteride (breams), Mullidae
(goatfishes), Balistidae (triggerfishes), Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes), Pomacanthidae
(angelfishes), Labridae (wrasses), Scaridae (parrotfishes), Acanthuridae
(surgeonfishes), Siganidae (rabbitfishes), Kyphosidae (drummers), Pomacentridae
(damselfishes) and Zanclidae (moorish idols) used as indicators in Coral Reef
Monitoring for Management (Uychiaoco et al. 2001). When applicable species richness
was expressed as mean number of species per 500m2. Target fish densities were
compared between years where raw data is available. All data were tested for variance
quality and normality using Microsoft Excel’s statistical programs. A log or square root
transformation was made whenever appropriate. Classification of fish densities followed
that of Hilomen et al. (2000), where values were computed from 1000m2 area. Thus, our
values were extrapolated from the 500m2 sampling area to 1000m2 to be able to use the
fish density categories.
Table 2. Classification of fish densities (Hilomen et al. 2000)
Fish Species Diversity (no. of species/ 1000m2):
Very Poor Poor Moderate High Very High
0 – 26 27 - 47 48 - 74 76 - 100 >100
Fish Density (no. of fish/ 1000m2):
Very Poor Poor Moderate High Very High
0 – 201 202 -676 677 – 2,267 2,268 – 7,592 >7,592
Fish Biomass (metric tons/ km2)
Very Poor Poor Moderate High Very High
<5.0 5.1 – 20.0 20.1 – 35.0 35.1 – 75.0 >75
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Fish biomass
Fish biomass was computed the formula: a*Lb (Fishbase 2004), using the length-weight
constants (www.fishbase.org). Biomass of target fish/ commercially important food fish:
Epiniphelinae (Serranidae), Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Acanthuridae, Caesionidae,
Carangidae, Haemulidae, Nemipteridae, Mullidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, Labridae (larger
species, i.e. Choerodon spp., Cheilinus spp.), including non-reef families, Scombridae
and Clupeidae. For this report, biomass computations were based on species-specific
lengths.
RESULTS
Basdiot Marine Protected Area
Substrate. The LHC cover in Basdiot was fair in the shallow area with an LHC percent
cover of 37.1 SE ±4%. There was a decrease in the LHC and an increase in the non-
living cover from 2007 to 2019 in the shallow area of Basdiot (figure 7). The decrease in
the LHC cover from 2007 to 2013 was significant (from 64.3 SE ±34% to 38.3 SE ±8%),
however, from 2013 to 2019 the decrease was not significant. The deep area of Basdiot
was in good condition with an LHC cover of 54 SE ±10% in the inside of the marine
sanctuary and 52.5 5 SE ±6% in the outside. Data over time showed that the LHC cover
the inside of Basdiot was relatively constant from 2006 to 2013, however, there was a
significant decrease in the LHC cover coupled with an increase in the non-living
substrate cover in 2013 (figure 8). This significant decrease in the LHC cover in 2013
may be due to the magnitude 6.7 earthquake that happened in February 2012. Based on
the most recent data collected, the LHC cover in the area has increased which suggests
that the corals in this area are already recovering from the damage. The same is true
with the outside of Basdiot MPA where there was a significant decrease in the LHC
cover and an increase in the non-living substrate cover (figure 8). Overall, the trend in
the LHC cover in both inside and outside of Basdiot was decreasing while the non-living
substrate cover was increasing as shown in the trend lines shown in Figure 8.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2007 2013 2019
% c
ove
r
Substrate composition of Basdiot MPA (shallow) from 2005 to 2019
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-living Others
Figure 7. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Basdiot (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Year
Basdiot MPA Outside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Year
Basdiot MPA Inside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
Figure 8. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Basdiot inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Basdiot. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
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Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Basdiot MPA had
poor species richness with 36 SE ± species/500m2 and 27 SD ±3 species/500m2,
respectively. Majority of the species found were damselfish (Pomacentridae) and a few
target species (e.g. fusiliers, Caesionidae). The number of species observed were lower
as compared to 2013. All reef fish density inside Basdiot MPA was high with an average
density of 3414 SE ±222 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fishes was 335
SE ±17 ave. fish/500m2 (figure 9). The reef fish density on the outside of Basdiot MPA
was moderate with 1335 SE ±472 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fish
was 71 SE ±36 average fish/500m2 (figure 10). The target reef fish biomass in Basdiot
was moderate with 21.7 kg/500m2; this is by far the lowest biomass recorded in Basdiot
when compared to the data from 2010 and 2013.
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 9. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside
Basdiot Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 10. Mean (±SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Basdiot Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
13
Pescador Marine Protected Area
Substrate. Pescador Island’s MPA has the highest LHC percent cover in all the sites
surveyed in Moalboal with an LHC cover of 60.3 SE ±7% which falls under good
condition based on the categories set by Gomez et al. (1994). The outside of Pescador
falls under the fair condition with an LHC cover of 43 SE ±11.7%. The overall trend in the
LHC cover in both inside and outside of Pescador is decreasing (figure 11). In 2007 the
LHC cover in the inside of Pescador was 75.3 SE ±11% which significantly decreased
through time to 47.2 SE ±8% in 2013. For the outside, the LHC cover in 2007 was 71 SE
±8% also significantly decreased to 40.7 SE ±15% in 2013. However, the most current
data collected showed that the LHC cover in both the inside and outside of Pescador
was already increasing where the most significant increase can be observed in the
inside of the MPA.
Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Pescador MPA had
poor species richness with 31 SE ±5 species/500m2 and 39 SE ±0.8 species/500m2,
respectively. Majority of the species found were fairy basslet (Anthiinae) and damselfish
(Pomacentridae), while the main target family was surgeonfish (Acanthuridae). The
number of species observed were lower as compared to 2013. All reef fish density inside
Pescador MPA was high with an average density of 2868 SE ±588 ave. fish/500m2
where the density of target reef fishes was 226 SE ±40 ave. fish/500m2 (figure 12). The
reef fish density on the outside of Pescador MPA was high with 3737 SE ±1219 ave.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2007 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Year
Pescador MPA Inside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2007 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Year
Pescador MPA Outside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
Figure 11. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Pescador inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Pescador. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
14
fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fish was 208 SE ±69 average fish/500m2
(figure 13). The target reef fish biomass in Pescador was poor with 15.2 kg/500m2; this is
by far the lowest biomass recorded in Pescador when compared to the data from 2010
and 2013.
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp. CLUPIDAE
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp.
Figure 12. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside
Pescador Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 13. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Pescador Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m
depths.
15
Saavedra Marine Protected Area
Substrate. The LHC cover in the shallow area of Saavedra was fair with an LHC cover of 37.6 SE ±5%. There was a decrease in the LHC and non-living substrate cover. There was a significant increase in the cover of soft corals in the area; from 7 SE ±3% in 2013 to 16.1 SE ±4% in 2019 (figure 14). The deeper area of Saavedra was in good condition with 54.7 SE ±4% LHC cover in the inside and 52.7 SE ±8% LHC cover in the outside of the MPA. Based on the data, there was a significant decrease in the LHC cover in both inside and outside of the MPA of Saavedra in 2007 followed by a steady increase in the LHC cover from 2007 to 2013 (figure 14). However, in 2019, there was a significant decrease in the LHC cover and a significant increase in the non-living substrate inside Saavedra MPA as compared to the LHC cover in 2013 of 65 SE ±13%. The same is true with the outside of Saavedra MPA, however, the decrease in the LHC cover was not significant between the two years.
Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Saavedra MPA had
poor species richness with 32.3 SE ±3 species/500m2 and 35.3 SE ±3 species/500m2,
respectively. Majority of the species found were fairy basslets (Anthiinae) and damselfish
(Pomacentridae), while the main target family was surgeonfish (Acanthuridae). The
number of species observed were lower as compared to 2013. The reef fish density
inside Saavedra MPA was moderate with an average density of 1651.8 SE ±385 ave.
fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fishes was 85.3 SE ±16 ave. fish/500m2
(figure 15). The reef fish density on the outside of Saavedra MPA was high with 3643.5
SE ±973 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fish was 40.3 SE ±8 average
fish/500m2 (figure 16). The target reef fish biomass in Saavedra was exceptionally low
with 7.8 kg/500m2; this is by far the lowest biomass recorded in Saavedra when
compared to the data from 2010 and 2013.
Figure 14. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Saavedra (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
0
102030405060708090
100
2005 2007 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Substrate composition of Saavedra MPA (shallow) from 2005 to 2019
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-living Others
16
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
Figure 16. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Saavedra Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
Tuble Marine Protected Area
Substrate. The LHC in Tuble is fair in both the shallow and outside of Tuble MPA while the inside was in good condition. There was an increase in the LHC cover in the shallow area of Tuble, from 30.8 SE ±19% in 2007 to 41.4 SE ±3% in 2019 couples with a significant increase in the non-living substrate in the area (figure 17). The deeper areas in Tuble had an LHC cover of 55.4 SE ±3% in the inside while the outside has an LHC cover of 47.6 SE ±5%. The general trend from 2005 to 2019 for both inside and outside of Tuble shows that there is a decrease in LHC cover and an increase in the non-living substrate cover through time as shown by the trend lines in Figure 18.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Fish
/50
0m
2
Figure 15. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 inside
Saavedra Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m
depths.
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Substrate composition of Tuble MPA (shallow) from 2005 to 2019
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-living Others
Figure 17. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Saavedra (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Tuble MPA Inside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Tuble MPA Outside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
Figure 18. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Tuble inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Tuble. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
18
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 19. Mean (±SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside
Tuble Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 20. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Tuble Marine Sanctuary, Moalboal, Cebu from 2006 to 2019. 7-8m depths.
Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Tuble MPA had
poor species richness with 28 SE ±3 species/500m2 and 30 SE ±7 species/500m2,
respectively. The most dominant were damselfish (Pomacentridae) and the target fish
fusilier (Caesionidae). The number of species observed were lower as compared to
2013. The reef fish density inside Tuble MPA was moderate with an average density of
1804 SE ±465 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fishes was 70 SE ±18
ave. fish/500m2 (figure 19). The reef fish density on the outside of Tuble MPA was also
moderate with 1116 SE ±408 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fish was
106 SE ±44 average fish/500m2 (figure 20). The target reef fish biomass in Tuble was
poor with 9.21 kg/500m2; this is by far the lowest biomass recorded in Tuble when
compared to the data from 2010 and 2013.
19
Figure 21. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Substrate composition of Lambog MPA (shallow) from 2005 to 2019
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-living Others
Lambog Marine Protected Area
Substrate. There was an increase in the LHC cover (37.6 SE ±6%) in the shallow area of Lambog and compared to 2013 where the LHC cover was of 32.6 SE ±11% (figure 21). The condition of the coral reef in the shallow area of Lambog was fair. For the deeper area of Lambog MPA, the coral reefs were still in good condition. The inside of Lambog MPA has an LHC cover of 54.3 SE ±2% which was a significant increase from the LHC cover of 45.7 SE ±9% in 2013. For the outside of Lambog MPA, the LHC cover also increased. In 2013 the LHC cover was 50.3 SE ±5% while in 2019 the LHC cover was 56.7 SE ±3% (figure 22). The most significant decrease in the LHC cover and increase in non-living substrate cover in both inside and outside Lambog happened in 2008, however, based on the data the corals in the area were slowly recovering. Based on the linear trend (shown in figure 22) the LHC cover in Lambog is decreasing while the non-living substrate component is increasing from 2006 to 2019.
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Lambog MPA Inside Substrate
Hard coral Soft coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard coral) Linear (Non-living)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Lambog MPA Outside Substrate
Hard coral Soft coral
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard coral) Linear (Non-living)
Figure 22. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Lambog. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Lambog MPA had
poor species richness with 28 SE ±3 species/500m2 and 30 SE ±7 species/500m2,
respectively. The most dominant were damselfish (Pomacentridae), while for the target
species was surgeonfish (Acanthuridae). The number of species observed were lower
as compared to 2013. The reef fish density inside Lambog MPA was moderate with an
average density of 837.5 SE ±331 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef fishes
was 28.5 SE ±7 ave. fish/500m2 (figure 23). The reef fish density on the outside of
Lambog MPA was also moderate with 1012 SE ±646 ave. fish/500m2 where the density
of target reef fish was 51 SE ±33 average fish/500m2 (figure 24). The target reef fish
biomass in Lambog was very low with 1.6 kg/500m2; this is by far the lowest biomass
recorded in Lambog when compared to the data from 2010 and 2013.
21
Zaragosa Marine Protected Area
Substrate. There was a significant decrease in the LHC cover (36.8 SE ±3%) coupled
with a significant increase (8.3 SE ±2%) in other substrates (e.g. seagrass, algae,
sponges) in the shallow area of Zaragosa (figure 25). In general, the reef Zaragoza
MPA, both shallow and deep, was in fair condition. The outside of the MPA has an LHC
cover of 28.7 SE ±7%, this is a significant decrease in the LHC cover in the outside as
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 23. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside
Lambog Fish and Seagrass Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m
depths.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 24. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Lambog Fish and Seagrass Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m.
depths.
22
Figure 25. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Zaragosa (shallow) from 2005 to 2019.
0
1020
30
40
50
6070
80
90100
2005 2007 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Substrate composition of Zaragosa MPA (shallow) from 2005 to 2019
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-living Others
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te%
co
ver
Zaragosa MPA Inside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Corals
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2010 2013 2019
Sub
stra
te %
co
ver
Zaragosa MPA Outside Substrate
Hard Coral Soft Corals
Non-living Others
Linear (Hard Coral) Linear (Non-living)
Figure 26. Changes in the substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Lambog inside and outside from 2005 to 2019. Red arrow shows the year where there was a significant decrease in the % LHC cover in Zaragosa. Graph also shows the trend in LHC and non-living substrate cover through time.
compared to 2013. There was also a significant increase in the non-living substrate in
the outside of Zaragosa with a percent cover of 61.3 SE ±6 as compared to 2013 where
the percent cover of the non-living substrate was 49.4 SE ±14%. There was an increase
in the LHC cover of the inside of Zaragosa MPA with 44.2 SE ±4% LHC cover as
compared to 2013 (35.7 SE ±4%). As shown in figure 26, the general trend in the LHC
cover from 2005 to 2019 was decreasing while non-living substrate was increasing.
23
Fish diversity, abundance, and density. The inside and outside of Zaragosa MPA had
poor species richness with 34.5 SE ±1 species/500m2 and 23 SE ±8 species/500m2,
respectively. The most dominant were damselfish (Pomacentridae), while for the target
species was fusilier (Caesionidae). The number of species observed were lower as
compared to 2013. The reef fish density inside Zaragosa MPA was moderate with an
average density of 1298.5 SE ±384 ave. fish/500m2 where the density of target reef
fishes was 89.5 ±39 ave. fish/500m2 (figure 27). The reef fish density on the outside of
Zaragosa MPA was also moderate with 1369 SE ±1026 ave. fish/500m2 where the
density of target reef fish was 70.5 SE ±52 average fish/500m2 (figure 28). The target
reef fish biomass in Zaragosa was poor with 7.9 kg/500m2; this is by far the lowest
biomass recorded in Zaragosa when compared to the data from 2010 and 2013.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 27. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish +target reef fish) / 500m2 inside
Zaragosa Island Marine Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m
depths.
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. All Reef Spp.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2005 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Target Spp. Linear (Target Spp.)
Figure 28. Mean (± SE) number of fish (all reef fish + target reef fish) /500m2 outside
Zaragosa Island Marine Sanctuary, Badian, Cebu from 2005 to 2019. 7-8m
depths.
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
Trend of the LHC % cover in the shallow areas of Moalboal MPAs
Basdiot Saavedra Tuble
Figure 29.
Changes in
substrate
composition
(% mean ±SE)
in Moalboal
from 2005 to
20019 at 2-3m
depth.
Figure 30.
Graph showing
the percent
cover of the
different
substrate in
the shallow
areas of three
MPAs in
Moalboal in
2019.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Tuble Saavedra Basdiot
% c
ove
r
Substrate composition in shallow areas of Moalboal MPAs
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-Living Others
Summary of Findings and Trends
Municipality of Moalboal Substrate Summary
Four MPAs namely, Basdiot, Pescador, Saavedra, and Tuble were surveyed for the substrate composition both inside and outside the MPA in deep and shallow depths in the Municipality of Moalboal. For the systematic snorkel survey, results showed that there was a significant decrease in the live hard coral cover (LHC) in the shallow area of Saavedra, from 43.3 SE ±3.7% in 2013 to 37.6 SE ±6% in 2019. In contrast to Saavedra, there was a significant increase in the LHC in the shallow area from 30.8 SE ±7% in 2013 to 41.4 SE ±3% in the most recent survey (figure 29). Figure 30 shows the overall substrate composition in the shallow areas of the MPAs in Moalboal. Overall, the status of the coral reef in the shallow areas of Moalboal MPAs was in fair condition.
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
LHC percent cover in Moalboal MPAs (Outside) from 2005-2019
Basdiot Pescador
Saavedra Tuble
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
LHC percent cover in Moalboal MPAs (Inside) from 2005-2019
Basdiot Pescador
Saavedra Tuble
Figure 31. Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Moalboal from 2005
to 20019 at 6-8m depth.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Basdiot Pescador Saavedra Tuble
% c
ove
r
Substrate composition of Moalboal MPAs (Inside)
Hard Corals Soft Corals Non-Living Others
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Basdiot Pescador Saavedra Tuble
% c
ove
r
Substrate composition of Moalboal MPAs (Outside)
Hard Corals Soft Corals Non-Living Others
Figure 32. Summary of the substrate composition in both inside and outside of the
MPAs surveyed in Moalboal.
The SCUBA survey results showed that the status of the reefs both inside and outside of the MPAs in Moalboal ranges from fair to good based on the index category by Gomez et al. (1994). Pescador MPA inside had the highest LHC percent cover with 60.3 SE ±7% while outside had the lowest LHC percent cover of 43 SE ±12. Results also showed that in most of the MPAs, both inside and outside, there was a significant increase in the LHC cover except for Saavedra where the LHC cover was 54.2 SE ±4% as compared to its LHC in 2013 which was 65 SE ±13% (figure 31). Figure 32 shows the overall substrate composition in the inside and outside of the MPAs in Moalboal.
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
Trend of the LHC % cover in the shallow areas of Badian MPAs
Lambog Zaragosa
Figure 33.
Changes in
substrate
composition (%
mean ±SE) in
Badian from 2005
to 20019 at 2-3m
depth.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Zaragosa Lambog
% c
ove
r
Substrate composition in shallow areas of Badian MPAs
Hard Coral Soft Coral Non-Living Others
Figure 34. Graph
showing the
percent cover of
the different
substrate in the
shallow areas of
two MPAs in
Badian in 2019.
Municipality of Badian Substrate Summary
Two MPAs in the Municipality of Badian, namely, Lambog and Zaragosa, were surveyed for the substrate composition in both inside and outside the marine protected area (MPA) in deep and shallow depths. For the systematic snorkel survey, results showed that there was a significant decrease in the LHC cover in the shallow of Zaragosa, from 48 SE ±5% in 2013 to 36.8 SE ±3% in 2019. In contrast to Zaragosa, the LHC cover in Lambog increased from 32.6 SE ±4% in 2013 to 37.6 SE ±5% in 2019 (figure 33). Figure 34 shows the overall substrate composition in the shallow areas of the MPAs in Badian. Overall, the status of the coral reef in the shallow areas of the surveyed MPAs in Badian was in fair condition.
27
Figure 35. Changes in substrate composition (% mean ±SE) in Badian from 2005 to
20019 at 6-8m depth.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
Badian MPAs LHC % cover trend (outside)
Lambog Zaragosa
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
LHC
% c
ove
r
Badian MPAs LHC % cover trend (inside)
Lambog Zaragosa
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lambog Zaragosa
% c
ove
r
Summary of substrate composition of Badian MPAs
(outside)
Hard Corals Soft Corals Non-Living Others
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lambog Zaragosa
% c
ove
r
Summary of substrate composition of Badian MPAs
(inside)
Hard Corals Soft Corals Non-Living Others
Figure 36. Summary of the substrate composition in both inside and outside of
the MPAs surveyed in Badian.
For the SCUBA surveys, results showed that the status of the reefs in Badian ranges from fair to good. The inside and outside of Lambog was in good condition with an LHC cover of 54.3 SE ±2% and 56.7 SE ±3%, respectively. In Zaragosa, the reef inside the MPA was in fair condition with an LHC cover of 44 SE ±7% while the outside was in fair condition with an LHC cover of 28.7 SE ±8% (figure 35). Figure 36 shows the overall substrate composition in both inside and outside of the MPAs in Badian.
28
Fish Diversity, Abundance, and Density Summary
For the year 2019 Basdiot MPA had the highest fish density with 3413.5 SE ±222 ave.
fish/500m2, followed by Pescador and Saavedra MPAs with and average fish density of
2867.5 SE ±5878 ave. fish/500m2 and 1651.8 SE ±385 ave. fish/500m2, respectively
(figure 37). Basdiot MPA also had the highest density (334.5 SE ±17 ave. fish/500m2) for
target fish species followed by Pescador (225.5 SE ±40 ave. fish/500m2) and Zaragosa
(70.5 SE ±52 average fish/500m2) (figure 38). The species abundance of reef fishes in
these MPAs were also declining through time (figure 39). For the fish biomass, Basdiot
MPA had the highest with 21.7 kg/500m2 followed by Pescador (15.2 kg/500m2) and
Tuble (9.21 kg/500m2) (figure 40). Similar to the fish density, the species abundance of
reef fishes in both the inside and outside of the MPAs surveyed were declining as
compared to the data from 2013. The biomass of target reef fishes was also significantly
lower in 2019 as compared to the biomass of target reef fishes in 2013 in all MPAs
surveyed. The year 2008 had the highest fish density and target fish biomass recorded
in almost all sites, however, succeeding years showed significant decline in fish density
and target fish biomass.
Figure 37. Mean (± SE) fish density (fish/ 500m2) of all reef fish species in both inside
and outside of six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Tuble Saavedra Zaragosa
Lambog Basdiot Pescador
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Tuble Saavedra Zaragosa
Lambog Basdiot Pescador
Inside Outside
29
Inside Outside
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
fish
/50
0m
2
Tuble Saavedra Zaragosa
Lambog Basdiot Pescador
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2013 2019
Fish
/50
0m
2
Tuble Saavedra Zaragosa
Lambog Basdiot Pescador
Figure 38. Mean (± SE) fish density (fish/ 500m2) of target reef fish species in both
inside and outside of six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu through different
years.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Basdiot FishSanctuary
LambogSeagrass and
Fish Sanctuary
Pescador IslandMarine
Sanctuary
Saavedra FishSanctuary
Tuble MarineSanctuary
Zaragosa FishSanctuary
Spe
cie
s/ 5
00
m2
2013 Inside 2019 Inside 2013 Outside 2019 Outside
Figure 39. Mean (+ SD) fish species abundance (species/ 500m2) of all reef fish species
in six MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu 2013 and 2019.
30
Butterflyfishes Summary
The trend in the number of butterflyfish species observed in all sites were more or less
stable from the year 2001 to 2019 (figure 41). Based on the results Saavedra MPA had
the most number of butterflyfishes noted with 14 species followed by Tuble with 11
species, and Pescador and Zaragosa, both with 10 species noted. In majority of the
sites, the number of butterflyfishes observed for the year 2019 increased except for
Basdiot and Pescador (figure 41). During the 2013 survey in Basdiot 8 species of
butterflyfishes were noted and this decreased to 6 species in 2019. The butterflyfish
Chaetodon adiergastos and Hemitaurichthys polylepsis were no longer noted in the year
2019. As for Pescador, the number of butterflyfishes decreased to 10 species from the
previously noted 20 species in the year 2013. Table 3 (in Appendix 1) shows the list of
butterflyfishes noted in the 6 MPAs surveyed in Moalboal and Badian through the years
2001 to 2019.
Basdiot FishSanctuary
LambogSeagrass and
FishSanctuary
PescadorIsland Marine
Sanctuary
Saavedra FishSanctuary
Tuble MarineSanctuary
Zaragosa FishSanctuary
2010 147.74 12.36 17.73 80.36 23.67 28.86
2013 84.43 23.12 25.77 117.51 153.34 31.76
2019 21.72 1.59 15.19 7.79 9.21 7.89
0.0050.00
100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.00
Kg/
50
0m
2
Figure 40. Biomass (kg/500m2) of target fish species in both inside and outside of six
MPAs in Moalboal and Badian, Cebu through different years.
Figure 41. Number of species of butterflyfishes observed in the 6 survey sites in
Moalboal and Badian, Cebu in the years 2009-2019.
31
Recommendations for Improved Management The MPAs in the Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian were in fair to good condition in
terms of live hard coral cover and low to moderate condition for reef fishes. Results of
this survey showed a significant decrease in the status of the reefs in the MPAs
surveyed. The Municipalities of Moalboal and Badian pursued coastal resource
management activities since the establishment of Saavedra and Zaragosa Island Fish
Sanctuary in 1987, however, the survey evidence suggests that there are still challenges
in sustaining the efforts of MPA management and the continuing protection and
preservation of the reefs in the area. Based on the results and observations, a few
recommendations to further enhance conservation of MPAs in Moalboal and Badian
MPAs follow:
1. Review or re-evaluation of the coastal resource management in these
areas. This can be addressed through MPA MEAT to tease out pertinent points
that affect the status of the reef such as indirect uses, threats, people, and
systemic interaction with the resources. The results of the MPA MEAT can
produce management options that would be available for the MPA Managers
(LGUs, POs and NGOs) to identify the weaknesses in the management that can
be improved. This needs to be undertaken by each of the municipal governments
in coordination with the stakeholders (fishers and tourism operators).
2. Continue monitoring for sustained management. These municipalities
already have long term data on the status of the reefs in these areas, it is
important to continue reef monitoring activities. This will help the stakeholders
understand current environmental issues that directly affect coral reefs, such as
shoreline development, impacts of illegal and unsustainable fishing practices,
and tourism as well as long term impacts of sea level rise and ocean warming.
Also, sharing the existing data from this report is an essential means of raising
awareness among all concerned about the plight of the coral reefs, their
condition, and the fish stocks.
3. Need to improve and sustain coastal fisheries law enforcement. The main
finding of the study is the low to moderate fish density and biomass in both inside
and outside the MPAs surveyed. This indicated high fishing pressure in these
areas, and it is necessary to control fishing activities and promote more
sustainable fishing practices in these areas. Law enforcement of the no-take
zones should be properly implemented and strengthened if the fish biomass is
expected to return to higher levels.
4. Increased information, education, and communication efforts. With the
increasing tourism in the municipalities of Moalboal and Badian, the LGUs should
allocate time for education of tourists and divers on the rules and regulations of
the MPAs. IEC should also include local schools and the community to raise
awareness with the locals. Dive operators should have trained dive masters and
guides that can give proper briefing to guests on the do’s and don’ts when diving.
The reef monitoring data can be used in the education efforts to show the change
over time and the causes.
32
References
Dolar, M. L. L., Perrin, W. F., Taylor, B. L., Kooyman, G. L., and Alava, M. N. R. (2006).
Abundance and distributional ecology of cetaceans in the central Philippines.
Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 8(1), 93.
Gomez, E. D., Alino, P. M., Yap, H. T., and Licuanan, W. Y. (1994). A review of the status of Philippine reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 29(1-3), 62-68.
Hilomen, V. V., Nañola Jr, C. L., and Dantis, A. L. (2000). Status of Philippine Reef Fishes.
Tiongson, A. J. C., and Karczmarski, L. (2016). The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
(Tursiops aduncus) in Tañon Strait, central Philippines. Marine Biodiversity
Records, 9(1), 85.
White, A.T., A. Maypa, D. Apistar, R. Martinez and E. White. 2013. Summary Field Report: Coral Reef Monitoring Expedition to Moalboal and Badian, Province of Cebu, Philippines, April 14-21, 2013. The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc., Cebu City, 33p.
33
Tab
le 3
. S
pecie
s lis
t o
f b
utt
erf
lyfish
in
Mo
alb
oal 2001-2
019 a
nd
Bad
ian
2019.
Bu
tterf
ly s
pecie
sC
om
mo
n n
am
eL
am
bo
g S
FS
Zara
go
za F
S
2008
2010
2013
2019
2001
2010
2013
2019
2001
2008
2010
2013
2019
2008
2010
2013
2019
2019
2019
Chaeto
don
adie
rgasto
sP
hili
ppin
e b
utterf
lyfis
hZ
ZO
YX
ZT
TT
Chaeto
don
auriga
Thre
adfin
butterf
lyfis
hX
OX
Chaeto
don
baro
nessa
Easte
rn triangula
r butterf
lyfis
hY
XZ
TO
XZ
TO
YX
ZT
YX
ZT
TT
Chaeto
don
bennetti
Blu
ela
shed
butterf
lyfis
h
Chaeto
don
citr
inellu
sS
peckl
ed
butterf
lyfis
hZ
Chaeto
don
ephip
piu
mS
addle
butterf
lyfis
hX
Chaeto
don
kle
inii
Kle
in's
butterf
lyfis
hO
ZT
O
Chaeto
don
lineola
tus
Lin
ed
butterf
lyfis
hZ
Z
Chaeto
don
lunula
Raccoon
butterf
lyfis
hY
XZ
TO
ZT
YX
ZT
YZ
TT
T
Chaeto
don
lunula
tus
Pacifi
c r
edfin
butterf
lyfis
hO
YX
ZT
ZT
T
Chaeto
don
mela
nnotu
sB
lackb
ack
butterf
lyfis
hT
Chaeto
don
mert
ensii
Mert
en's
butterf
lyfis
h
Chaeto
don
meyeri
Meye
r's
butterf
lyfis
hT
Chaeto
don
ocelli
caudus
Spottail
butterf
lyfis
hO
ZT
ZT
ZT
Chaeto
don
octo
fascia
tus
Eig
htb
and
butterf
lyfis
hX
OY
XT
T
Chaeto
don
orn
atis
sim
us
Orn
ate
butterf
lyfis
hO
ZT
T
Chaeto
don
oxycephalu
sS
pot-
nape
butterf
lyfis
hO
ZZ
Z
Chaeto
don
ple
beiu
sB
lueblo
tch
butterf
lyfis
hT
TT
T
Chaeto
don
puncta
tofa
scia
tus
Spotb
and
butterf
lyfis
h
Chaeto
don
raffle
si
Lattic
ed
butterf
lyfis
hY
XO
ZO
YZ
TY
ZT
T
Chaeto
don
retic
ula
tus
Maile
d b
utterf
lyfis
hZ
YX
Chaeto
don
sele
ne
Yello
wdotted
butterf
lyfis
h
Chaeto
don
sem
eio
nD
otted
butterf
lyfis
h
Chaeto
don
speculu
mM
irro
r butterf
lyfis
hZ
TO
ZO
YX
ZT
YZ
T
Chaeto
don
trifa
scia
lisC
hevr
on
butterf
lyfis
hO
Chaeto
don
ulie
tensis
Pacifi
c d
ouble
saddle
butterf
lyfis
hT
TT
Chaeto
don
unim
acula
tus
Teard
rop
butterf
lyfis
hT
Chaeto
don
vagabundus
Vagabond
butterf
lyfis
hT
ZT
TT
Chaeto
don
xanth
uru
sP
ears
cale
butterf
lyfis
hZ
O
Chelm
on
rostr
atu
sB
eake
d c
ora
lfish
XZ
Forc
ipig
er
flavis
sim
mus
Forc
epsfis
hT
YT
Forc
ipig
er
longirostr
isLongnose
butterf
lyfis
hY
Hem
itaurichth
ys
poly
lepis
Pyr
am
id b
utterf
lyfis
hY
ZO
ZT
Henio
chus
acum
inatu
sP
ennant cora
lfish
ZT
Henio
chus
chry
sosto
mus
Thre
eband
pennantfis
h
Henio
chus
dip
hre
ute
sS
choolin
g b
annerf
ish
Z
Henio
chus p
leuro
taenia
Phanto
m b
annerf
ish
Henio
chus
monocero
sM
aske
d b
annerf
ish
Z
Henio
chus
sin
gula
rius
Sin
gula
r bannerf
ish
YZ
ZO
YZ
Z
Henio
chus
varius
Horn
ed
bannerf
ish
YX
ZT
OX
ZT
OY
XZ
TY
XZ
TT
T
Cora
dio
n c
hry
sozo
nus
Gold
engirdle
d c
ora
lfish
ZZ
YX
Z
Cora
dio
n m
ela
ponus
XT
To
tal n
um
be
r o
f sp
ecie
s/s
ite
66
86
93
20
10
13
11
12
13
14
72
10
11
610
Basd
iot
FS
Pescad
or
Is.
MS
Saaved
ra F
ST
ub
le M
S
Appendix 1—Species List of Butterflyfish
34
Appendix 2—Itinerary of Events
Saving Philippine Reefs Expedition
May 7-13, 2019
Moalboal and Badian, Cebu, Philippines
Table 4
DAY DATE & SITE TIME ACTIVITIES
1
Tuesday, May 7 Montebello Hotel to
Kasai Village Resort
Moalboal, Cebu
7:30 AM Rendezvous point at Montebello Garden Hotel, Cebu City to take bus to Kasai Village Resort, Moalboal
11:00 PM Arrival at Kasai Village and lunch
1:00 Welcome and Briefing: Alan White, SPR Principal Investigator Jonathaniel Apurado, Co-Principal Investigator
1:30 Dive Safety, SPR Dive Master
2:00 Review of SPR research methods: Jonathaniel, Agnes Sabonsolin
3:00 Checking of dive gear and check out dive/snorkel on house reef
7:00 Dinner Slide show/Quiz and Identification
2 Wednesday, May 8 1) Tuble Marine Sanctuary 2) Tuble Marine Sanctuary
7:00 AM
Breakfast Morning briefing
9:00 Scuba survey and snorkel
12:00 PM Lunch
1:30 Conduct survey (scuba and snorkel)
5:00 Compile and submit completed data e-forms
7:00 Dinner with Mayors of Moalboal and Badian CCEF General Presentation (Alyza Tan)
3 Thursday, May 9 3) Saavedra Marine Sanctuary 4) Saavedra Marine Sanctuary
7:00 AM Breakfast/Morning briefing
8:30 Conduct surveys (snorkel and scuba)
12:00 PM Lunch
1:30 Conduct survey (scuba)
5:00 Compile and submit completed data forms
7:00 Dinner Research/Project Presentation—Aileen Maypa
4 Friday, May 10 7:00 AM Breakfast/Morning briefing
8:30 Conduct surveys (snorkel and scuba)
35
DAY DATE & SITE TIME ACTIVITIES
5) Pescador Marine Sanctuary 6) Pescador Marine Sanctuary
12:00 PM Lunch
1:30 Fun Dive
5:00 Compile and submit completed data forms
7:00 Dinner
5 Saturday, May 11 7) Zaragosa Island Fish Sanctuary 8) Lambog Seagrass & Fish Sanctuary
7:00 AM Breakfast/Morning briefing
8:30 Conduct surveys (snorkel and scuba)
12:00 PM Lunch
1:30 Conduct surveys (scuba)
5:00 Compile and submit completed data forms
7:00 Dinner Presentation—results from Tubbataha Reefs SPR Slide show of volunteer pictures
6 Sunday May 12 9) Basdiot Marine Sanctuary 10) Basdiot Marine Sanctuary
7:00 AM Breakfast/Morning briefing
8:30 Conduct surveys (snorkel and scuba)
12:00 PM Lunch
1:30 Fun Dive (sardine balls)
5:00 Compile and submit completed data forms
7:00 Dinner Summary: Impressions and share photos
7 Monday May 13 Cebu City
7:00 AM
Breakfast Closing/Summary
9:00 AM Depart to Cebu City
36
Appendix 3—Expedition Research Volunteers and Staff
Saving Philippine Reefs Expedition
May 7-13, 2019
Table 5
Name/Address Contact numbers/fax/email
Profession/Affiliations/Interests
1 Denise Illing
(mobile) +61 419307653 Email: [email protected]
Part of UNICO Computer Systems finance dept. BA in Geography and Sociology. Interested in marine life, reefs, and diving. 16th Saving Philippine Reefs expedition. Wildlife artist. Watercolorist. Amateur photographer.
2 Geoff Illing
Mobile: +61 419307047 Email : [email protected]
Technical Director Unico Computer Systems 16th Saving Philippine Reefs expedition Interests: Amateur musician (woodwind player)
3 Alexander Douglas Robb
Phone: 398505497 Email: [email protected]
Retired IP Researcher; Civil Engineer BSC (Hons) Edinburgh; MSC Melbourne – History & Philosophy of Science; Interest - History & Philosophy of Science. 10th Saving Philippine Reefs Expedition.
4 Vittoria Thornley
Tel: +44 (0) 7866 458125 Email: [email protected]
17th SPR expedition; BA (Hons) Human Sciences (Oxon). MSc Ecology (Univ. of Bristol). Advanced PADI Open Water. Office Manager, Thornley Kelham Ltd. Conservation volunteer; interest in nature conservation, gardens, bees, classic cars; travel.
5 Julia Cichowski
Cell Phone: (617) 671-8865 Email: [email protected]
Founder, changeUp Global, LLC - a start-up to help companies free their capacity for creativity and innovation using Design Thinking and with a focus on user experience design. Oceanic Research Group and Jonathan Bird Productions – I work with a small team to produce the underwater educational series Jonathan Bird’s Blue World (check us out on YouTube). We’re currently working on our first IMAX movie, Ancient Caves. “This will be my 18th Saving Philippine Reefs Expedition, and I’ve loved them all”.
6 Dean White
Cell: +1 805-962-7157
Retired Engineer, University of California Santa Barbara
37
Name/Address Contact numbers/fax/email
Profession/Affiliations/Interests
Email: [email protected]
Interests: Sailing, swimming and cycling
7 Barbara Flanagan .
Tel: +1 610-248-4301 Email: [email protected]
Professional Artist and writer Interests: Snorkeling, sailing and cycling
8 Roland Thomas
Tel: +61418181162 Email: [email protected]
Executive in Residence/Business Mentor-Consultant
9 Mark Copley
Tel: +1 719 216 2463 Email: [email protected]
Engineer.
38
Table 6
Name/Address Contact numbers/fax/email Profession/Affiliations/Interests
1 Dr. Alan T. White Principal Investigator
+62-811-881-5288 [email protected]; [email protected]
Chief of Party USAID-SEA-Indonesia Project President Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. (CCEF)
Dr. Aileen Maypa Co-Principal Investigator
+63-917-626-9329 [email protected]
Adjunct Faculty, Silliman University-Institute of Environmental and Marine Sciences Dumaguete City 6200, Philippines
Consultant, CCEF Fish Biology Specialist, Southern Negros MKBA Fish Right Program
2 Jonathaniel Apurado Technical Divemaster and Fish Counter
Cebu City local government office CCENRO) administrative aide and secretariat
3 Evangeline White Project Organizer
+62-811-1615-288 +1 (808) 489-2460
Volunteer Program Leader Yayasan Amal Mulia-Indonesia Volunteer Swim Teacher
4 Agnes Sabonsolin Technical and Logistics Assistant
+63 916 2877 476 [email protected]
Marine Conservation Consultant SSI Master Diver Remote Diving Academy (RDA) and GeoTech Solutions
I love underwater photography, music, painting; anything that calls for creativity!
5 Al Jiereil M. Lozada IT and Data Coordinator
Phone: 032 414 6716, Cell: 639278298309
Computer System and Database Administrator Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. (CCEF)
6 Floramae Neri Research Assistant
+63 9478928413
Research Assistant, CCEF/SU-IEMS Underwater photography, nudibranch ecology; coral reef ecology
39
Appendix 4—Data Sheets
Table 7. SCUBA Substrate Survey (PIT) Form
40
Table 8. Snorkeling Substrate Survey Form
41
Table 9. Butterflyfish Form
42
FISH ABUNDANCE DATA FORM
Site name: Municipality/City & Province:
Transect no.: Depth (m): Coordinates:
Date (mo/day/yr): Time: Left observer: Right observer:
Habitat notes: Horizontal visibility:
Angle of slope: Transect orientation:
FAMILY Species
Record number of fishes per size class
1-10 cm 11-20 cm 21-30 cm specify sizes for >30 cm
<EPINEPHELINAE>* groupers; lapu-lapu
Barramundi cod; señorita
<LUTJANIDAE>* snappers; maya-maya
<HAEMULIDAE>* sweetlips; grunts; lipti
<LETHRINIDAE>* emperors; katambak
CARANGIDAE* jacks; trevallies; talakitok
CAESIONIDAE* fusiliers; dalagang-bukid; solid
NEMIPTERIDAE* coral breams; silay
MULLIDAE* goatfishes; timbongan
BALISTIDAE Triggerfishes; pakol
CHAETODONTIDAE butterflyfishes; alibangbang
POMACANTHIDAE angelfishes; adlo
LABRIDAE Wrasses; labayan
Humphead wrasse; mameng
[SCARIDAE]* parrotfishes; molmol
Bumphead parrotfish; taungan
[ACANTHURIDAE]* surgeonfish; indangan
[SIGANIDAE]* rabbitfishes; kitong; danggit
[KYPHOSIDAE]* rudderfishes; ilak
POMACENTRIDAE Damselfishes; palata
ANTHIINAE fairy basslets; bilong-bilong
Zanclus cornutus Moorish idol; sanggowanding
Sharks
Rays
Sea turtles
others: e.g. tunas
Table 10. Underwater Visual Census (Fish Survey)
43
Appendix 6—Expedition Photos
Figure 42. Winning photo by Agnes Sabonsolin for SPR 2019 Photo Contest.
Figure 43. The
nudibranch
Phyllodesmium
briareum captured
by Vittoria
Thornley.
44
Figure 44. Some of the sea turtles spotted during the surveys. Top photo by Julia
Chikowski; Bottom photo by: Floramae Neri
45
Figure 45. Some of the critter that were spotted during the surveys. Photos by Roland
Thomas (top left), Alan White (top right), Vittoria Thornley (bottom left) and Ae
Sobonsolin (bottom right).
46
Figure 46. View from the beautiful Kasai Village. Photos by Mark Copley (top) and Denise
Illing (bottom).
47
Figure 47. People of SPR
2019. Geoff and Ae
channeling their inner
Superman and Wonder
woman, the team coming
home from a dive and the
beautiful mommies of
SPR. Photos by Denise
Illing, Vangie White and
Alan White.
48
Figure 48. Fun dive at the sardine run. Photos by Al Jeriel Lozada, Floramae Neri, Mark
Copley, Jonathaniel Apurado and Vittoria Thornley.
49
Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc.
Room 302, 3rd Floor, PDI Condominium, Archbishop Reyes Avenue, Banilad, Cebu City 6000 Cebu, Philippines
TeleFax Nos. (6332) 233-6909
Email: [email protected] Website: www.coast.ph