saxelmwifo sefaseba qartul enasi (i-iv klasebi)
TRANSCRIPT
Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centri
saxelmwifo Sefaseba qarTul enaSi
I-IV klasebi
avtorebi: nino gordelaZe, Sefasebis jgufis konsultanti
Tamar oTxmezuri, Sefasebis jgufis konsultanti
fsiqometriuli analizi: ia kutalaZe, Sefasebis jgufis xelmZRvaneli
2004
Sinaarsi
Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
I. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi
a. Sefasebis testis Sedgena ........................................................................................ 4
b. Sefasebis testis gamocda ....................................................................................... 6
g. Sefasebis kiTxvarebi ................................................................................................... 8
II. saswavlo procesis Sefaseba
a. testirebis Sedegebis kvlevis meTodebi .................................................. 9
b. Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi .................................................................. 9
III. sferoebi
1. kiTxva – wigniereba
kiTxvis daniSnuleba, mizani
1. 1. testis aRwera ............................................................................................................................. 11
wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi
1. 2. miRwevis doneebi ....................................................................................................................... 19
• saSualoze dabali safexuri
• saSualo safexuri
• saSualoze maRali safexuri
• maRali safexuri
2. leqsika
2. 1. testis aRwera ................................................................................................................................ 43
2. 2. miRwevis doneebi ......................................................................................................................... 44
• saSualoze dabali safexuri
• saSualo safexuri
• saSualoze maRali safexuri
• maRali safexuri
3. wera
3. 1. testis aRwera .................................................................................................................................. 55
3. 2. miRwevis doneebi ........................................................................................................................... 57
• saSualoze dabali safexuri
• saSualo safexuri
• saSualoze maRali safexuri
• maRali safexuri
1
4. gramatika
4. 1. testis aRwera ................................................................................................................................... 64
4. 2. miRwevis doneebi .............................................................................................................................. 67
• saSualoze dabali safexuri
• saSualo safexuri
• saSualoze maRali safexuri
• maRali safexuri
5. sociologiuri kvlevis monacemebi ....................................................................................... 82
daskvna ................................................................................................................................................................. 83
gamoyenebuli literatura .............................................................................................................. 87
danarTi ..........................................................................................................................................................
• kiTxvis testi /testur kiTxvaTa definiciebi
• leqsikis testi / Sefasebis sqema
• weris testi
• gramatikis testi / Sefasebis sqema
2
Sesavali
2003 wlis seqtembris bolos saqarTveloSi Sefasebisa da
gamocdebis erovnulma centrma Caatara ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa
da ganmtkicebis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli saswavlo procesis
saxelmwifo Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi.
saxelmwifo Sefasebis mizani iyo dawyebiT klasebSi mimdinare
saswavlo procesis Semowmeba, misi dadebiTi mxareebisa da xarvezebis
dadgena da kvleva, Cveneba imisa, Tu ra aris daZleuli da ra _ ara 9-10
wlis moswavleTa mier im masalidan, rasac isini swavloben dawyebiT
klasebSi. Sefasebis saSualebiT gamovlindeba, realurad ra codna da
unar-Cvevebi SeiZina moswavlem oTxi wlis manZilze dRevandel skolaSi
arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da swavlebis meTodebiT, maswavlebelTa
momzadebis dRevandeli doniT, amJamindel socialur garemoSi.
axali saswavlo programisa da gegmebis Sedgenisas aucilebelia
arsebuli mdgomareobis zusti suraTis codna. oTxwledis misaRwevi
miznebis sworad gansazRvras, pasuxis gacemas kiTxvaze _ ra unda icodes
da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZlos moswavles oTxwledis dasrulebisas _
didad Seuwyobs xels imis gaTvaliswineba, UTu sinamdvileSi ra icis da
risi gakeTeba SeuZlia dRevandeli skolis IV klasis moswavles.
saxelmwifo Sefasebis mizans warmoadgenda, agreTve, im mizezebis
dadgena, ramac gamoiwvia oTxwledSi mSobliuri enis swavlebis ama Tu
im sferoSi gamovlenili xarvezebi. amdenad, Sefasebis Sedegebis analizi
karg safuZvels qmnis imis gadasawyvetad, Tu ra da ratom aris
Sesacvleli an dasaxvewi swavlebis pirvel safexurze.
mSobliur enaSi I-IV klasebis saswavlo procesis Sefasebisas oTxi
komunikaciuri unaridan (kiTxva, wera saubari, mosmena) amjerad Semowmda
ori _ kiTxva da wera. Semowmda, agreTve, enobrivi kompetencia _ leqsika
da gramatikis codna.
saswavlo procesis SefasebaSi Semowmebis instruments testi
warmoadgens. Sefasebis testi, romelic oTxi sferos (kiTxvis, weris,
gramatikis, leqsikis) Sesamowmebeli testisagan Sedgeba, moicavs im
masalasa da sakiTxebs, romelTa swavlebac II-IV klasebis
saxelmZRvaneloebiT da klasSi mimdinare praqtikuli muSaobiT aris
gaTvaliswinebuli.
3
I. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi
mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis SefasebisTvis mzadeba daiwyo
2002 wlis ianvridan. Sesafaseblad gamoiyo oTxi sfero: kiTxva, wera,
leqsika da gramatika. mosmenisa da saubris unaris Sefaseba dawyebiT
klasebSi aranakleb aqtualuria, magram radganac am sferoTa Semowmeba
teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos masStabiT DdReisaTvis sakmaod
rTuli aRmoCnda, am etapze es amocana miznad ar dagvisaxavs.
Tavdapirvelad oTxwledis saxelmZRvaneloebis (rogorc ZiriTadis, ise
damxmares) Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda Sesamowmebeli masala da
gamoikveTa is codna da unar-Cvevebi, romlebic saWiroa am masalis
asaTviseblad. amis Semdeg daiwyo Sefasebis testze muSaoba _
Sesamowmeblad SerCeuli oTxive sferos mixedviT testuri kiTxvebisa da
davalebebis Sedgena da maTi gamocda.
a. Sefasebis testis Sedgena
radgan Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi gulisxmobs saswavlo procesis
Semowmebas, kiTxvis, weris, leqsikisa da gramatikis testebisaTvis
masalis SerCevisas da testuri kiTxvebisa da davalebebis Sedgenisas
umTavresad vxelmZRvanelobdiT principiT, SegverCia sirTuliT da
Tematurad oTxwledis saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili masalis
analogiuri teqstebi da Segvedgina im tipis kiTxvebi da davalebebi,
romlebsac amJamad iyeneben oTxwledSi mSobliuri enis swavlebisas.
miznad iyo dasaxuli, agreTve, Sefasebis testSi SeZlebisdagvarad
mTlianad yofiliyo warmodgenili oTxwledis mSobliuri enis saswavlo
kursis masala da Tematika.
kiTxvis unaris Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga rva variantad. rvidan oTxi
varianti Seicavs oTx sxvadasxva mxatvrul teqsts testuri kiTxvebiT
(rogorc arCeviTi, ise Ria) da amowmebs wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebs
mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisas. danarCeni oTxi varianti Seicavs
sainformacio xasiaTis mcire moculobis teqstebs testuri kiTxvebiTa
(arCeviTi/Ria) da davalebebiT da amowmebs, ramdenadaa dauflebuli
moswavle kiTxvis strategias informaciis mopovebis mizniT.
weris unar-Cvevis, weriTi metyvelebis Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga
oTx variantad, romelTagan TiToeuli Seicavs or sxvadasxva saxis
davalebas. ori varianti amowmebs SeTxzvis unars SeTavazebuli
4
Tavisufali Temis mixedviT, agreTve, mxatvruli teqstis perifrazis
unars. Semdegi ori variantiT mowmdeba weriTi metyveleba yofiTi
Tematikis farglebSi.
gramatikisa da leqsikis testebi warmodgenilia or-or identur
variantad. mowmdeba moswavlis enobrivi alRo da gramatikuli masalis
codnis is maragi, romelic mas daugrovda dawyebiT klasebSi swavlis
periodSi.
calkeul testSi testuri davalebebisa da kiTxvebis raodenobis
gansazRvrisas vixelmZRvaneleT testirebis praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli
kriteriumebiT, romlis mixedviTac 9-10 wlis moswavle erT wuTSi
saSualod pasuxs scems erT kiTxvas. saerTaSoriso standartis mixedviT
ganisazRvra, agreTve, samuSao dro _ ori akademiuri saaTi (95 wuTi, 5-
wuTiani SesvenebiT).1
Sefasebis testebi Sedgenilia sxvadasxva sirTulis testuri
kiTxvebiTa da davalebebiT. specialurad aris SerCeuli rogorc advili,
ise rTuli kiTxvebi, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, gamovkveToT da
detalurad aRvweroT moswavleTa miRwevis doneebi.
testirebisTvis Sedgenili gramatikis, leqsikis, werisa da kiTxvis
testebi gaerTianda specialur rveulebSi e. w. gadafarvis meTodiT: erT
rveulSi wamodgenilia mxolod ori sferos Sesamowmebeli testi,
magaliTad, kiTxva/wera; momdevno rveulSi gameorebulia pirveli
rveulis erT-erTi testi, romelsac emateba axla ukve Semdegi sferos
Sesamowmebeli testi _ wera/gramatika da a. S.
magaliTisTvis:
kiTxva wera gramatika leqsika
rveuli I
rveuli II
rveuli III
rveuli IV
1 Sefasebis testis SedgenasTan, kerZod, mis teqnikuri mxaresTan dakavSirebiT
konsultacia gagviwia saganmanaTleblo Sefasebis institutma (CITO, niderlandebi). am centris xelmZRvanelobiT amave meTodiT Catarda saswavlo procesis Sefaseba
makedoniaSi, romlis masalebsac gavecaniT: Постиганьа на учениците по македонски jазик и по математика, Скоjпе, 2001.
5
saswavlo procesis Sefasebis testis Sedgenisas gadafarvis
gamoyeneba testirebis praqtikaSi kargad gamocdili xerxia. es meTodi
mTlianad Sefasebis testis (Sefasebis oTxive sferos) sandoobis
dadgenis kargi saSualebaa. sferoTa gadafarva SesaZleblobas iZleva,
agreTve, calkeuli sfero Semowmdes moswavleTa ufro did SerCeviT
erTobliobaze. aseT pirobebSi miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba sandoa
da saswavlo procesis srulyofil suraTs qmnis.
b. Sefasebis testis gamocda
mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis Sefasebas win uZRoda
Sefasebis testis Ggamocda, rac miznad isaxavda, gagverkvia, ramdenad
gamodgeboda mocemuli testi saswavlo procesis Sesafaseblad, rogor
miiRebda qarTuli skolis moswavle testirebis saerTaSoriso
standartis mixedviT Sedgenil tests, ramdenad daZlevda testuri
kiTxvebis mocemul raodenobas gansazRvrul droSi da a. S. am mxares
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo, radgan centralizebuli testireba
saqarTvelos skolebis umcrosklaselebTan pirvelad tardeboda da
metad mniSvnelovani iyo, Tu rogor aRiqvamdnen am siaxles moswavleebi.
Sefasebis testis gamocda Catarda orjer _ 2002 wlis oqtombersa
da 2003 wlis martSi Tbilisis 36 skolaSi, monawileobda 1200-mde
moswavle.2 gamoicada testis mTliani formati _ Tormeti rveuli
testuri kiTxvebiTa da davalebebiT. testireba Caatares Sefasebis
centris TanamSromlebma, agreTve, specialurad SerCeulma da
momzadebulma damkvirveblebma, romelTa movaleoba iyo, erTi mxriv,
mSvidi samuSao garemos uzrunvelyofa, meore mxriv, dadgena imisa,
sakmarisi iyo Tu ara dro mocemuli davalebis Sesasruleblad.
2003 wlis maisSi Catarda Sefasebis testis pilotireba _
farTomasStabiani testireba, romelSic monawileoba miiRo ara marto
Tbilisis, aramed saqarTvelos regionebis, kerZod, Sida qarTlis
qalaqebis, gorisa da kaspis, agreTve amave regionis soflebis skolebis
aTasamde moswavlem.
yoveli testirebis Semdeg Catarda Sedegebis empiriuli kvleva,
kerZod, fsiqometriuli analizi, romlis Sedegad dadginda testebis
2 moswavleTa namuSevrebi inaxeba Sefasebisa da gamocdebis centris arqivSi.
6
sandoobis koeficienti _ ramdenad vargisia testuri kiTxvebi da
davalebebi mocemuli masalis Sesamowmeblad; ganisazRvra, agreTve,
testebis sirTulis koeficienti da isic, Tu ramdenad hqonda testebs
codnisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT moswavleTa diferencirebis unari.
paralelurad mimdinareobda Sefasebis testis Tvisebrivi kvleva,
romelSic monawileoba miiRes dawyebiTi klasebis pedagogebma,
meTodistebma da mozardTa fsiqologebma. maswavlebelTaTvis
specialurad Sedgenili kiTxvarebis saSualebiT, agreTve, oTxwledis
eqspertebTan gamarTuli diskusiebis Sedegad dadginda testebis
validoba _ gairkva, srulad moicavs Tu ara Sefasebis testi mSobliuri
enis swavlebis oTxwledis kurss, aris Tu ara testebis masala IV
klasis saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili masalis adekvaturi; ramdenad
sworad, gamarTulad, 9-10 wlis mozardisaTvis gasagebad aris
Camoyalibebuli testuri kiTxva Tu davaleba.3
fsiqometriuli analizis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve
maswavleblebTan da sagnis eqspertebTan diskusiebSi gamoTqmuli
SeniSvnebisa da miTiTebebis mixedviT, damuSavda da daixvewa Sefasebis
testi _ dadginda testur kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa raodenoba, saboloo
redaqcia Cautarda masalas.4 am gziT moixsna is gareSe faqtorebi,
romlebsac, SesaZlebelia, testirebisas xeli SeeSala moswavlisaTvis;
moswavleebs SeeqmnaT yvela piroba sakuTari codnisa da unaris
gamosavlenad.
gadafarvis meTodis gamoyenebiT masala 16 rveulSi ganawilda.
bavSvebisaTvis kargi samuSao ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad rveulebi naxatebiT
gaformda.
Sefasebis momzadebis procesSi periodulad qveyndeboda
informacia gazeT `axal ganaTlebaSi~ Sefasebis miznisa da mimdinare
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Sesaxeb.5 xolo Sefasebis Catarebamde
ramdenime xniT adre gamoqveynda Sefasebis testis nimuSebi im mizniT,
3kiTxvarebi, romlebSic asaxulia oTxwledis eqspertTa mosazrebebi saxelmwifo
SefasebisTvis SerCeuli teqstebisa da testuri kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, daculia Sefasebis
centris arqivSi. 4 Sefasebis testis saboloo versiis dadgenisas konsultaciebs gviwevda saerTaSoriso
organizacia _ saganmanaTleblo testirebis samsaxuri ETS (amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebi). 5 Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 23-29 ianvari, 2003, 2 (179), gv. 1;
Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 1-7 maisi, 2003, 16 (193), gv. 1.
7
rom saqarTvelos skolebSi dawyebiTi klasis maswavlebelTa da
moswavleTaTvis winaswar cnobili yofiliyo testis forma.6 Sefasebis
Sesaxeb informacia da testebis nimuSebi ganTavsda, agreTve, Sefasebis
centris veb-gverdze www.naec.ge
g. Sefasebis kiTxvarebi
mSobliuri enis swavlebis procesSi gamovlenili xarvezebis
mizezebis dadgenis mizniT Sedga maswavlebelTa, moswavleTa da
mSobelTa kiTxvarebi. am gziT saswavlo procesSi yvelaze aqtiurad
CarTul pirebs miecaT saSualeba, gamoeTqvaT sakuTari mosazreba
mimdinare saswavlo procesTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebze. kiTxvarebis
monacemTa analizis safuZvelze ikveTeba, Tu ra aris saswavlo procesSi
gamovlenili calkeuli xarvezis mizezi: swavlebis meTodi, ojaxuri
garemo, saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo da a. S.
II. saswavlo procesis Sefaseba
saswavlo procesis saxelmwifo Sefaseba Catarda 2003 wlis
seqtember-oqtomberSi Tbilissa da saqarTvelos regionebSi: aWara, guria,
imereTi, samegrelo, raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, Sida
qarTli, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, kaxeTi. testireba CautardaT
rogorc barSi, ise maRalmTian mxareSi mdebare qalaqis, dabis da
soflis skolebis moswavleebs. testirebaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos
312 skolis me-5 klasis 6300 moswavle.
testirebis monawile skolebis nusxa dadginda e. w. SemTxveviTi
SerCevis meTodiT, rac miRebuli, nacadi saSualebaa saswavlo procesis
saxelmwifo SefasebaSi. es meTodi empiriuli monacemebis ganzogadebisa
da obieqturi daskvnebis gamotanis SesaZleblobas qmnis. rac Seexeba
SefasebaSi monawile moswavleebis raodenobas, statistikurad sandod
aris miCneuli is Sedegi da daskvnebi, romlebic miRebulia moswavleTa
saerTo raodenobis 10%-is testirebis Sedegad. saswavlo wlis
dasawyisSi moswavleTa codnis Semowmeba aseve miRebuli meTodia da
6 Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 13-19 Tebervali, 2003, 5 (182), gv. 1;
Sefasebis centri gacnobebT, axali ganaTleba, 6-12 marti, 2003, 8 (185), gv. 1.
8
kargad warmoaCens, Tu ramdenad safuZvliani da mtkicea wina klasebSi
dagrovili codna da SeZenili unarebi.
testireba Caatares specialurad momzadebulma damkvirveblebma.
Tbilissa da regionebSi procesma daubrkoleblad Caiara. testireba _
Semowmebis axali da saqarTvelos mozardTa umetesi nawilisaTvis ucxo
forma _ moswavleebma kargad miiRes da xalisiT moekidnen samuSaos.7
a. testirebis Sedegebis kvlevis meTodebi
iseve rogorc Sefasebis momzadebis procesi, Sefasebis mizniT
Catarebuli testirebis Sedegebis kvlevac ori mimarTulebiT warimarTa.
erTia empiriuli kvleva, romelic gulisxmobs testirebis Sedegebis
fsiqometriul analizs, kiTxvarebis statistikur damuSavebas da a. S.
xolo meore _ testirebis Sedegebis Tvisebrivi kvleva, romelic
iTvaliswinebs sagnis eqspertebTan _ oTxwledis pedagogebTan,
meTodistebTan, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebTan, fsiqologebTan _
diskusiebisa da saubrebis saSualebiT kvlevis garkveuli kriteriumebis
dadgenas da am kriteriumebis saSualebiT testirebis Sedegebis kvlevas.
b. Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi
imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes, Tu ra codna da gamocdileba aqvs
dagrovebuli moswavles Sesamowmeblad SerCeul sferoebSi (kiTxva, wera,
gramatika, leqsika), testirebis Sedegad miRebuli empiriuli monacemebi
daiyo oTxi safexuris mixedviT:
1. saSualoze dabali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobidan 75%-100%.
2. saSualo safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 50%-75%.
3. saSualoze maRali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 25%-50%.
4. maRali safexuri _ Zlevs moswavleTa 5%-25%.
Sesafaseblad SerCeul sferoebSi (kiTxva, wera, gramatika, leqsika)
miRweuli Sedegebi am safexurebis mixedviT aRiwera.
mimdinare saswavlo procesSi arsebuli dadebiTi mxarisa Tu
xarvezis gamosakveTad efeqturi meTodia empiriuli monacemebis, anu
7 tardeba saswavlo procesis pirveli erovnuli Sefaseba mSobliur enaSi, axali
ganaTleba, 2003, gv. moswavleTa namuSevrebi inaxeba Sefasebisa da gamocdebis centris
arqivSi.
9
testirebis Sedegebis Sedareba e. w. mosalodnel SedegTan _ ras elian
moswavleTagan sagnis eqspertebi dRevandel skolaSi mimdinare saswavlo
procesis pirobebSi. mosalodneli Sedegis gamosakveTad oTxwledis
eqspertTa jgufma _ mowveulma pedagogebma, fsiqologebma da mSobliuri
enis specialistebma sirTulis xarisxis mixedviT gaaanalizes SefasebaSi
gamoyenebuli masala. maTi monacemebis statistikurad damuSavebis
Sedegad gamoikveTa mosalodneli Sedegis suraTi _ ramdenad daZleven
moswavleebi calkeul testur kiTxvasa da davalebas. mosalodneli
Sedegi ganisazRvra moswavleTa oTxi jgufisTvis: saSualoze dabali,
saSualo, saSualoze maRali da maRali moswrebis moswavleebisTvis.
faqtobrivad, gamoikveTa eqspertTa azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra
aris daZleuli da ra _ ara dRevandel pirobebSi. mosalodneli
Sedegebisa da realuri suraTis SedarebiTi analizi saswavlo procesis
Sefasebis kvlevis erT-erTi mxarea.8
8 saxelmwifo SefasebaSi am meTodis gamoyeneba SemoTavazebulia saganmanaTleblo
testirebis samsaxuris ETS-is warmomadgenlis, svaminaTan hariharanis mier.
10
III. sferoebi
mSobliur enaSi saswavlo procesis Sefasebis mizniT Semowmda
oTxi sfero: kiTxva, leqsika, wera, gramatika.
1. kiTxva - wigniereba9
dawyebiT klasebSi moswavle ecnoba sxvadasva tipis teqstebs. igi
kiTxulobs imitom, rom iswavlos, miiRos garkveuli literaturuli
gamocdileba, Camouyalibdes mxatvruli gemovneba.
kiTxvis daniSnuleba, mizani
IV klasis damTavrebisas kiTxva, ZiriTadad, or mizans emsaxureba:
1. literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebas;
2. informaciis miRebas da dagrovebas.
kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT xels uwyobs
zogadad kiTxvis mimarT interesis gaRviZebas, wignis siyvarulisa da
mxatvruli teqstebis kiTxvisas siamovnebis gancdis unaris Camoyalibebas.
xolo kiTxva informaciis miRebisa da dagrovebis mizniT exmareba
moswavles codnis SeZenasa da dagrovebaSi.
pirveli miznis (literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis) Semowmeba
xdeba mxatvruli teqstebiT. xolo meore miznis (informaciis miRebis da
dagrovebis) - informaciuli xasiaTis teqstebiT.10
1. 1. testis aRwera
SefasebaSi kiTxvis sferos Sesamowmeblad SeirCa Semdegi masala: _
literaturuli nawarmoebebi, romlebic rogorc sirTuliT, ise
Janrobrivad analogiuria IV klasis saxelmZRvaneloebsa da klasgareSe
9 dawyebiT klasebSi kiTxvis unar-Cvevis SefasebaSi (rogorc kiTxvis testis Sedgenisas,
ise Sedegebis Tvisebrivi kvlevisas) ZiriTadad daveyrdeniT PIRLS–is (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) meTodologias. PIRLS warmoadgens ganaTlebis Sefasebis
internacionaluri asociaciis (IEA) erT-erT programas, romlis mizania msoflios
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi testirebis saSualebiT 9-10 wlis mozardTa kiTxvis unar-Cvevis
Sefaseba. amgvari Sefaseba tardeba oTx weliwadSi erTxel. bolo Sefaseba, romelSic
monawileoba miiRo 40-mde qveyanam, Catarda 2001 wels. 10 SevniSnavT, rom kiTxvis miznebi yovelTvis sworxazovnad ar ukavSirdeba Sesabamis
teqstebs. es kavSiri xSir SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia mkiTxvelis interesebsa da
gemovnebaze. ar aris gamoricxuli, mxatvrulma teqstma garkveuli codnis SeZenas
Seuwyos xeli, xolo sainformacio xasiaTis teqstma garkveuli interesebis mqone
mkiTxvelSi siamovnebis gancdac aRZras.
11
sakiTxav wignebSi warmodgenili masalisa da, sazogadod, im mxatvruli
nawarmoebebisa, romlebsac kiTxulobs 9-10 wlis bavSvi. esenia:
mzispirisnabani _ xalxuri zRapari, caswavala _ literaturuli zRapari
(goderZi Coxelis amave saxelwodebis nawarmoebis mixedviT), daviT
javaxiSvilis quCaSi mosmenili saubari11 _ Tanamedrove sabavSvo
moTxroba. kiTxvis testSi CavrTeT, agreTve, saprogramo nawarmoebebic:
Zmani xerxeuliZeni _ istoriuli moTxroba iakob gogebaSvilis mixedviT,
nawyveti akaki wereTlis leqsidan Zvel samefos da nawyveti l. asaTianis
leqsidan krwanisis yayaCoebi. saprogramo masalis CarTva kiTxvis testSi
miznad isaxavda imis gamovlenas, Tu ra gansxvaveba aRmoCndeboda
Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT naswavl teqstebsa da ucnob nawarmoebebs
Soris. mxatvruli teqstebi sxvadasxva tipisaa. magaliTad, daviT
javaxiSvilis moTxrobaSi personaJTa xasiaTi dialogSia gamokveTili.
mxatvrul zRaparSi caswavala, romelic igavis niSnebsac Seicavs,
mTavari personaJis xasiaTis gamokveTa misi saqcielis, moqmedebis
mixedviT xdeba da a. S. zemoT dasaxelebuli masala oTx blokSi
Semdegnairad ganawilda:
1. mzispirisnabani /Zvel samefos _ 12 testuri kiTxva, 1 test.
davaleba (m01 – m13)
2. caswavala _ 13 testuri kiTxva (c01 – c13)
3. quCaSi mosmenili saubari _ 12 testuri kiTxva (q01 - q12).
4. Zmani xerxeuliZeni / krwanisis yayaCoebi _ 13 testuri kiTxva (x01-
x13).
_ sainformacio teqstebi, romelic analogiuria saswavlo saganTa
(maTematikis, bunebis) saxelmZRvaneloebSi warmodgenili teqstebisa.
sainformacio teqstebis Tematikaa: kometebi, dinozavrebi, olimpiuri
TamaSebi, amerikis aRmoCena, wignis samyaro, maTematikuri amocana, romlis
Sinaarsis gagebac xSirad uWirT xolme moswavleebs da a. S. ZiriTadad,
es masala warmoadgens Tematurad da qronologiuri principiT
organizebul teqstebs, romlebsac sabavSvo enciklopediebSi, Jurnalebsa
da gazeTebSi vxvdebiT. gamoyenebulia, agreTve, saleqsikono ganmartebebi,
112002 wlis Semodgomaze Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnulma centrma GCaatara
literaturuli konkursi 9-10 wlis bavSvebisTvis dawerili saukeTeso prozauli
nawarmoebebis gamosavlenad. d. javaxiSvilis moTxroba quCaSi mosmenili saubari
swored konkursSi gamarjvebuli cxra moTxrobidan erT-erTia.
12
romlebic umeteswilad amoRebulia ucxo sityvaTa sabavSvo
leqsikonidan (Semdgeneli m. WabaSvili, 1999).
masala am SemTxvevaSic oTx blokSi dajgufda:
1. kometebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: indielebi /ambavi diogenes Sesaxeb /
wignis sarCevi _ 14 testuri kiTxva da 1 testuri davaleba (k01 –k15);
2. amerikis aRmoCena / saleqsikono ganmarteba: liliputi / mocartis
biografiidan _ 15 testuri kiTxva, 1 testuri davaleba (a01 _ a16);
3. dinozavrebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: giganti / wignis yda / muzeumi,
Teatri, biblioTeka _ 16 testuri kiTxva da 1 davaleba (d01 _ d17);
4. olimpiuri TamaSebi / saleqsikono ganmarteba: goliaTi / maTemat.
amocana / mxatvruli, saswavlo, sacnobaro xasiaTis wignebi _ 15 testuri
kiTxva da 1 davaleba (o01 _ o16).
kiTxvis testi Seicavs rogorc testur kiTxvebs (Ria/arCeviTi), ise
testur davalebebs. testuri davalebebi Semdegnairia: moswavles evaleba
ujrebSi gaanawilos sxadasxva daniSnulebis wigni, aagos moTxroba
mocemuli winadadebebiT, dasawyisi SeurCios mocemul ambavs. rac Seexeba
testur kiTxvebs, kerZod, Ria testur kiTxvas, maTi umetesoba mokle
pasuxs moiTxovs. testur kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa udidesi nawili
erTquliania. mxolod oTxi testuri kiTxvaa orquliani. am SemTxvevaSi
qulaTa raodenoba warmoaCens, srulyofilad Tu nawilobriv amokriba
moswavlem informacia, ramdenad SeZlo man teqstsa da testur kiTxvaze
koncentrireba.12
amgvarad, kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT
Semowmda 51 testuri kiTxviT, xolo kiTxva informaciis miRebisa da
gamoyenebis mizniT _ 64 testuri kiTxviT da davalebiT.
12 9-10 wlis mozardTa kiTxvis unaris Sesamowmebel testSi miRebulia iseTi 2 da 3-
quliani testuri kiTxvebis CarTva, romlebic amowmebs, Tu ramdenad Rrmad Caswvda
moswavle teqstSi impliciturad mocemul informacias, magaliTad, personaJis xasiaTs,
nawarmoebis ideas da a. S. radganac saqarTveloSi pirvelad Catarda testireba
oTxwledSi, am tipis kiTxvebs sirTulis gamo Segnebulad moverideT. amave mizeziT Ria
kiTxvebis udidesi nawili mokle pasuxs moiTxovs.
13
wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi
kiTxvis miznebs Soris sxvaobis miuxedavad, procesebi da
strategiebi, romlebsac mkiTxveli iyenebs ama Tu im teqstis kiTxvis
dros, orive SemTxvevaSi metnaklebad saerToa. es procesebia:
a. eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna;
b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana;
g. azrebisa da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan,
gamocdilebasTan Sejerebis safuZvelze;
d. teqstis enis Sefaseba da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba.13
a. eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna (aRdgena-amocnoba14)
es procesi gulisxmobs winadadebaSi an frazaSi Riad, cxadad
mocemuli informaciis, azris an detalis dakavSirebas SekiTxvaSi
mocemul mosaZiebel informaciasTan da am gziT pasuxis povnas,
amocnobas. am dros mkiTxvels ar moeTxoveba (an TiTqmis ar moeTxoveba)
daskvnis gakeTeba. es procesi xels uwyobs ama Tu im sagnis swavlisas
faqtobrivi informaciis amokrefis da dagrovebis, agreTve leqsikonebis,
enciklopediebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevis Camoyalibebas. procesis
Semowmeba xdeba Semdegi komponentebis mixedviT:
• eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (faqtis, movlenis an azris)
aRdgena/amocnoba: c02, c06, c07, x08, d03, d04, d11, o02, o03, o09, k07,
k13, a01, a08;
• eqspliciturad mocemuli movlenis an moqmedebis adgilis
amocnoba/aRdgena: q01, x01, x04, m01, m05, d08, k12, a03, a04.
• eqspliciturad mocemuli movlenis an moqmedebis drois amocnoba/
aRdgena: m04, d01, o04, o13.
• eqspliciturad mocemuli detalis aRdgena: q06, c05, m02, d07, o01,
o05.
13 calkeuli procesis da misi Semadgeneli komponentebis ganxilvisas vuTiTebT im
testur kiTxvaTa nomrebs, romlebic amowmebs ama Tu im procesis calkeul komponents. 14`aRdgena~ gulisxmobs Ria testur kiTxvaSi pasuxis Caweras, xolo `amocnoba~ _
arCeviT testur kiTxvaSi swori pasuxis Semoxazvas.
14
• garkveul konteqstSi mocemuli sityvis, terminis an frazis
mniSvnelobis, ganmartebis amocnoba/aRdgena: q04, d02, d10, o08, k05,
k01, k10, a11, a14;
• teqstis erT winadadebaSi (igulisxmeba rTuli qvewyobili
winadadeba kavSirebiT: `radgan~, `imitom, rom~ da `amitomac~)
moqceuli mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva da mizezis aRdgena:
c01, c04, x06, d05, d12, o10, k02, k11, a07, a12.
b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana
es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis sxvadasxva nawilSi mocemuli
informaciisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiT uSualo
daskvnis gamotanas. amgvari daskvnebis gamotana, iseve rogorc
eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna, teqsts uSualod emyareba,
oRond am dros mkiTxvelis yuradReba teqstis ufro vrcel monakveTebze
an mTlian teqstzea mimarTuli. es procesi saSualebas aZlevs mkiTxvels,
amoikiTxos is, rac teqstSi eqspliciturad ar aris mocemuli, magram
teqstidan uSualod gamomdinareobs. es procesi xels uwyobs zogadad
kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, gansakuTrebiT ki argumentaciis
unaris Camoyalibebas. procesi Semowmda Semdegi komponentebis mixedviT:
• teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTs Soris mizezSedegobrivi
kavSiris danaxva da mizezis aRdgena/amocnoba: m07, x02, k03,
d06.
• teqstSi mocemul faqtebs an mosazrebebs Soris kavSiris
danaxva da daskvnis gamotana: q07, q08, m12, o06, k04, k14, a05,
a06,15 a16, o12.
• teqstidan gamomdinare daskvnis, azris dasabuTeba teqstSi
eqspliciturad mocemuli argumentebis povnisa da aRdgenis
gziT: q10, x03, c08.
• personaJis xasiaTis TvisebaTa amocnoba misi moqmedebis,
qcevis mixedviT: c09, m06.
• dialogSi mocemuli frazis, winadadebis identificireba
personaJTan: q02, q03.
15 a05 da a06 teqsturi kiTxvebis pasuxisas uSualo daskvnis gamotanasTan erTad
SesaZloa amoqmeddes interpretaciis da integrirebis procesi (ix. procesi g.)
15
g. azris da informaciis interpretacia sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis
safuZvelze
es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis mTlianobaSi gagebas, teqstSi
mocemuli azrebisa da informaciis gaazrebas; rogorc mTeli teqstis,
ise misi calkeuli pasaJis implicituri Sinaarsis amocnobas da
interpretacias teqstis sakuTar codnasTan da gamocdilebasTan
dakavSirebis safuZvelze. es procesi xels uwyobs kritikuli
azrovnebis, gansjis unaris ganviTarebas. IV klasis damTavrebisas am
procesis farglebSi moswavles unda SeeZlos:
• teqstis mTavari ideis, ZiriTadi azris, Temis amocnoba: m10, x10,
c12, m13, o07, d09, k08, a09.
• mTlianad nawarmoebis an personaJis ganwyobis amocnoba: q09, q12,
c03, c10.
• nawarmoebSi momxdari ambis, movlenis, agreTve personaJis
mdgomareobis an moqmedebis motivis amocnoba: x09, x11, m08.
• sakuTari codnisa da teqstSi mocemuli faqtebis dakavSirebis
safuZvelze daskvnis gakeTeba: x12, a0216.
• varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva: k06.
• garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari azris gamoTqma da
logikurad Camoyalibeba: c13, o15.
• zogadad wignierebasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis da codnis
gamovlena (wignis Tavfurclis da sarCevis mixedviT wignis
agebulebis da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna: o16,
d14-15-16, k15. biblioTekis, muzeumis, Teatris, kinoTeatris
daniSnulebis gansazRvra: d17; inicialis mixedviT saxelis
amocnoba: a13).
d. teqstis specifikis, enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazreba
es procesi gulisxmobs teqstis enobrivi da mxatvruli gamosaxvis
saSualebebis garCevas da Sefasebas, rac xels uwyobs teqstis
16 a02 testuri kiTxvis pasuxisas interpretacia-integrirebis process SeiZleba
Caenacvlos uSualo daskvnis gamotanis procesi.
16
esTetikuri aRqmis unaris Camoyalibebas. IV klasis damTavrebisas Tavisi
codnisa da dagrovili gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT moswavles unda
SeeZlos:
• realursa da SeTxzuls (mxatvrul pirobiTobas) Soris
gansxvavebis danaxva; mxatvruli Janrebis – zRapris, igavis,
leqsis, agreTve, sainformacio xasiaTis (istoriuli,
sabunebismetyvelo, saleqsikono) teqstebis specifikis codna:
m11, c11, a10, k09, o11, d13, a15.17
• mxatvrul teqstSi gamosaxvis saSualebaTa (dialogis,
aRweris, daxasiaTebis) amocnoba: q11.
• mxatvruli xerxebis (Sedarebis, epiTetis), agreTve andazis
aRdgena/amocnoba: x05, x07, x13, m03, m09, q0518.
• specifikuri teqstis (mag. maTematikis amocanis) agebulebaSi
garkveva: o14.
zemoT ganxiluli oTxive procesi Semowmebulia rogorc
mxatvruli, ise sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebis mixedviT. moqmedebebi,
romlebsac moswavle mimarTavs am procesebis dros, aris:
identificireba, producireba, Tavisufali producireba.19 calkeuli
procesisa da moqmedebis Semowmeba warimarTa Semdegi TanafardobiT:
17 ar gamovricxavT, rom im testur kiTxvaTa pasuxisas, romlebic moiTxovs teqstebis
xasiaTis amocnobas (a10, a15, k09, o11, d13), teqstis enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis
gaazrebis process (d) Caenacvlos interpretaciisa da integrirebis procesi (g.), an
orma procesma (g. da d.) erTmaneTi Seavsos. 18 q05 testuri kiTxvis pasuxisas teqstis enisa da mxatvruli xerxebis gaazrebis
process SeiZleba Caenacvlos informaciis sakuTar codnasTan integrirebis procesi. 19 iseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa reproducireba, mSobliur enaSi kiTxvis unar-Cvevis
Semowmebisas, ZiriTadad, ar mowmdeba.
17
identificireba
producireba
Tavisufali
producireba
a. eqspliciturad mocemuli
informaciis povna
52
testuri
kiTxva
(19 arC., 33 Ria)
_
_
b. uSualo daskvnebis gamotana
18
testuri
kiTxva
(6 arC. 12 Ria)
3
(2 testuri
davaleba,
1 arC.
testuri
kiTxva)
_
g. azris da informaciis
interpretacia sakuTar
codnasTan Sejerebis
safuZvelze
7
(2testuri
davaleba
5 testuri
kiTxva (4 arC.,
1 Ria)
18
testuri
kiTxva
(15 arC., 3
Ria)
2
(Ria
testuri
kiTxva)
d. teqstis enisa da mxatvruli
xerxebis gaazreba
7
testuri
kiTxva
(2 arC., 5 Ria)
8
testuri
kiTxva
(7 arC., 1
Ria)
_
18
amgvari Tanafardoba, kerZod, meti raodenobis kiTxva iseTi
procesis Sesamowmeblad, rogoricaa eqspliciturad mocemuli
informaciis povna, ganapiroba im faqtma, rom dawyebiT klasebSi es
umTavresi samuSaoa. agreTve, mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba teqstze
dayrdnobiT uSualo daskvnebis gamotanas. rac Seexeba azris
interpretaciasa da integracias, rac umeteswilad producirebis
saSualebiT xorcieldeba, SedarebiT rTul procesad aris miCneuli am
asakis moswavlisaTvis. igive SeiZleba iTqvas teqstis enisa da mxatvruli
xerxebis gaazrebis Sesaxeb. amitom am procesTa Semowmebisas upiratesoba
arCeviT kiTxvebs mieniWa. testur kiTxvaTa raodenobac am SemTxvevaSi
SedarebiT naklebia.
zemoT ganxiluli wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesebi da kiTxvis
miznebi warmoadgens wakiTxulis gaazrebis Sesamowmebeli testuri
kiTxvebisa da davalebebis safuZvels, baziss.
rac Seexeba kiTxvis mimarT moswavlis damokidebulebas, is
mowmdeba moswavleebis, mSoblebisa da maswavleblebisTvis Sedgenili
kiTxvarebis saSualebiT.
1. 2. miRwevis doneebi
saSualoze dabali safexuri
moswavleebi saSualoze dabal safexurze, rogorc mxatvruli, ise
sainformacio teqstebis kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas axerxeben im testur
kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas, romlebic, ZiriTadad, ar saWiroebs daskvnebis
gamotanas, an teqstis interpretacias. maT SeuZliaT teqstSi
eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna, isic mxolod nawilobriv.
kiTxvebi, romlebsac moswavleebma sworad gasces pasuxi, ukavSirdeba,
ZiriTadad, teqstis drosa da sivrceSi orientacias _ Tu sad da rodis
xdeba moqmedeba. am safexurze mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebisas
moswavleebs SeuZliaT teqstidan daskvnis gamotana da interpretireba.
mxolod nacnobi, Seswavlili masalis mixedviT, isic nawilobriv.
19
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic
amowmebs moswavleTa kiTxvis unars literaturuli gamocdilebis
miRebis mizniT da daZleulia saSualoze dabal safexurze.
nimuSi 1 – testuri kiTxva (m01) ukavSirdeba zRapris
(mzispirisnabani) sivrceSi orientacias. mTavari gmiri, mzeTunaxavi qali
tovebs mSobliur saxls da bedis saZebnelad midis. ZiZa mas urCevs,
aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT iaros. mogzaurobis pirveli dRis bolos
mzeTunaxavi trial mindorze xvdeba. moswavlem eqspliciturad mocemuli
detalis (ZiZis rCevis) mixedviT pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas, Tu qveynis
romel mxares mdebareobs triali mindori. am Ria kiTxvas sworad
upasuxa moswavleTa 79%-ma. saSualoze dabal safexurze zRapris
sivrceSi orientacia mxolod nawilobriv moxerxda, radgan am teqstTan
dakavSirebuli sxva testuri kiTxvebis daZleva, romlebic zRapris
sivrceSi orientacias ukavSirdeba, mxolod zeda safexurebze aRmoCnda
SesaZlebeli.20
nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (x10) ukavSirdeba oTxwledis saprogramo
nawarmoebs, istoriul moTxrobas _ iakob gogebaSvilis Zmani
xerxeuliZeni. moTxrobaSi aRwerilia erT-erTi momenti saqarTvelos
istoriidan, kerZod, XVII saukuneSi qarTvelTa da sparselTa Soris
gamarTuli brZola marabdis velze, romelSic Tavi gamoiCines Zmebma
xerxeuliZeebma. moTxroba naratiuli xasiaTisaa. gadmocemulia
xerxeuliZeebis ojaxis, Sah-abasis daundoblobis, brZolis mimdinareobis,
Zmebis daRupvis da dakrZalvis ambavi. am nawarmoebis mTavari Temis
amocnoba SeZlo moswavleTa 75%-ma.
nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (x11) exeba amave moTxrobas. nawarmoebis
Sinaarsis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis Sedegad Zmebis saqcielis motivis _
samSoblosTvis Tavganwirvis _ amocnoba arCeviT kiTxvaSi moaxerxa
moswavleTa 83%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (m11) ukavSirdeba teqstis enas, kerZod,
zRapris mxatvrul samyaros. zRapari mzispirisnabani iwyeba tradiciuli
formuliT iyo da ara iyo ra. zRapris dasawyisSive naxsenebia
mzeTunaxavi qali, romelic aseve zRapris samyaros, zRapris enis erT-
20 ix. magaliTad, testuri davaleba m12 (15%).
20
erTi komponentia. am komponentebis amocnobiT zRapris specifikis codna
gamoavlina moswavleTa 75%-ma.
amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze mxatvruli teqstis kiTxvisa
da gaazrebisas moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is kiTxvebi, romlebic
maTTvis kargad nacnob mxatvrul teqstebs ukavSirdeba. es aris zRapari,
mozardisaTvis bavSvobidanve nacnobi da axlobeli Janri, da istoriuli
moTxroba, romelsac oTxwledis saswavlo procesSi gansakuTrebuli
adgili eTmoba. SevniSnavT, rom dawyebiT klasebSi patriotul-heroikuli
Tema kargadaa damuSavebuli. amitomac moswavleebma sworad upasuxes am
TemasTan dakavSirebul arCeviT kiTxvebs. nakleb savaraudoa, moswavleebs
am SemTxvevaSi miemarTaT rTuli moqmedebisaTvis, producirebisaTvis.
safiqrebelia, rom maT ubralod gaixsenes, aRidgines kargad naswavli
masala.21 saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma pasuxi ver gasces
amave TemasTan dakavSirebul Ria kiTxvebs.22 moswavleebma aseve ver
upasuxes saprogramo teqstTan dakavSirebul iseT Ria kiTxvebs,
romlebic teqstis Sinaarsis gagebas amowmebs da identificirebas
saWiroebs.23
nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 is testuri kiTxvebia, romlebic saSualoze
dabal safexurze daZlies moswavleebma sainformacio teqstebis kiTxvisa
da gaazrebisas.
nimuSi 5 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d05) ukavSirdeba sainformacio
xasiaTis teqsts dinozavrebis Sesaxeb. niSandoblivia, rom miuxedavad am
teqstSi mocemuli ucxo sityvebisa da maTi ganmartebebisa (dinozavrebis
saxelwodebebi da maTi ganmartebebi), am safexurze es teqsti, sxva
sainformacio teqstebTan SedarebiT, ukeT daZlies moswavleebma. rogorc
Cans, aq garkveuli roli Tematikam iTamaSa. rogorc cnobilia,
dinozavrebis Tema bolo xanebSi sakmaod popularulia mozardebSi.
teqstSi erT winadadebaSi eqspliciturad aris mocemuli informacia
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom hqonda zog dinozavrs grZeli tani da maRali
21 ucxo teqstebSi producireba am tipis kiTxvebze pasuxisas moswavleebma mxolod zeda
safexurebze SeZles. ix. testuri kiTxvebi: m10 (65%), c12 (35%). 22 ix. testuri kiTxva x08 (44%). 23 ix. testuri kiTxvebi x02 (65%), x06 (73%).
21
yeli. eqspliciturad mocemuli am mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva
SeZlo moswavleTa 83%-ma.24
nimuSi 6 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d08) exeba amave teqsts. teqstSi
eqspliciturad aris mocemuli informacia saqarTveloSi dinozavris
nakvalevis adgil-mdebareobis Sesaxeb. am informaciis povna moaxerxa
moswavleTa 80%-ma.
nimuSi 7 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (o13) ukavSirdeba maTematikuri
amocanis teqsts, romlis mixedviT, 52kg. wonis wylis ku zRvaSi 1922
wels CauSves. 1937 wels, rodesac is zRvidan amoiyvanes, ku 100kg.-s
iwonida. imisaTvis, rom amocanis erT-erT kiTxvas (ramdeni weli dahyo
kum zRvaSi?) gaeces pasuxi, saWiroa, moswavlem daafiqsiros kus zRvaSi
CaSvebisa da amoyvanis wlebi. Ria testur kiTxvas kus wyalSi CaSvebis
TariRis Sesaxeb swori pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 80%-ma. SevniSnavT, rom
saSualoze dabal safexurze am teqstTan dakavSirebul danarCen or
testur kiTxvas moswavleebma ver upasuxes, e. i. maT mTlianobaSi ver
gaiges amocanis Sinaarsi da, cxadia, am mizeziT isini me-4 klasisaTvis
gankuTvnil am amocanas ver amoxsnian.
nimuSi 8 _ Ria testuri kiTxva (d14) amowmebs moswavlis wignierebas
_ ramdenad icnobs mozardi wigns da, saerTod, aqvs Tu ara wignTan
urTierTobis gamocdileba. testuri kiTxvebis erT bloks erTvis
sabavSvo wignis ydis nimuSi (asli), romelzedac aRniSnulia wignis
saTauri, avtori da gamocemis TariRi. testuri kiTxvebidan, romlebic
wignis am sam komponents exeba, daZleulia mxolod erTi _ vin aris
wignis avtori? am kiTxvaze pasuxi sworad gasca moswavleTa 88%-ma.25
amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze sainformacio teqstis
kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas moswavleebma mxolod nawilobriv SeZles
teqstebSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis povna. testuri
kiTxvebi, romlebsac am safexurze gaeca pasuxi, identificirebas
moiTxovs.
24 amave teqstTan dakavSirebul kiTxvas (d06, 74%), romelic ori winadadebis
dakavSirebas da maT Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxvas moiTxovs, moswavleebma
am safexurze pasuxi ver gasces. 25 wignTan dakavSirebiT danarCen testur kiTxvebze swori pasuxi moswavleebma gasces
maRal safexurebze: d15 (45%), d16 (61%).
22
saSualoze dabali safexuri
kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (personaJTa
moqmedebis adgilis) povna;
- Seswavlili, nacnobi masalis mixedviT nawarmoebis ZiriTadi
Temis amocnoba.
kiTxva informaciis mopovebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis (sad da rodis
moxda movlena, faqti) povna;
- zogadad wignierebasTan dakavSirebuli minimaluri gamocdilebis
gamovlena.
nimuSi 1.
qveynis romel mxares aris zRaparSi
triali mindori?
aRmosavleTis mxares/ aRmosavleTiT
23
nimuSi 2.
moTxrobaSi aRwerilidan ra aris mTavari?
a. Sah-abazis daundoblobis Cveneba;
* b. cxra Zma xerxeuliZis gmirobis
gadmocema;
g. xerxeuliZeTa ojaxis aRwera.
nimuSi 3.
ratom ibrZodnen Zmebi xerxeuliZeebi mtris
winaaRmdeg TavganwirviT?
* a. imitom, rom isini mxurvale mamuliSvilebi iyvnen
da ar undodaT, samSoblo mtrisTvis daeTmoT;
b. imitom, rom saxelovani vaJkacis saxeli
aravisTvis daeTmoT;
g. imitom, rom xerxeuliZeebi mefisgan elodnen
jildosa da dawinaurebas.
nimuSi 4.
amowere pirveli abzacidan is sityvebi,
saidanac Cans, rom Cven zRapars
vkiTxulobT:
iyo da ara iyo ra/ mzeTunaxavi qali
24
nimuSi 5.
ratom hqonda zogierT dinozavrs grZeli
tani da maRali yeli?
xis foTlebs advilad rom miswvdomoda.
nimuSi 6.
saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSia aRmoCenili
dinozavris nakvalevi?
quTaisis maxloblad, saTafliaSi /
saTafliaSi / imereTSi
nimuSi 7.
rodis CauSva patronma ku toto zRvaSi?
1922 wels.
nimuSi 8.
es wignis ydaa:
vin aris am wignis avtori?
daTo zurabiSvili
25
saSualo safexuri
saSualo safexurze, rogorc mxatvruli, ise sainformacio teqstebis
kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas, moswavleebi umeteswilad sworad pasuxoben im
testur kiTxvebs, romlebic teqstSi eqspliciturad warmodgenili
detalis, faqtis, movlenis povnas ukavSirdeba. Tumca saSualo
safexurze es procesi mTlianad ar aris daZleuli. darCenilia am
procesis Sesamowmebeli kiTxvebis garkveuli raodenoba, romlis
daZlevac moswavleebma mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze SeZles. am
safexurze moswavles SeuZlia kavSiris danaxva teqstis or monakveTSi
warmodgenil faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris, Tumca amas axerxebs mxolod
sainformacio teqstebis gaazrebisas. moswavleebi am safexurze
nawilobriv axerxeben teqstidan garkveuli daskvnis gamotanasac.
mxatvruli teqstebis kiTxvisas am safexurze moswavle sworad scems
pasuxs im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic moiTxovs personaJis xasiaTis,
personaJTa erTmaneTis mimarT damokidebulebis gaazrebas maTi
konkretuli saqcielis an moqmedebis mixedviT. aseve, sworad upasuxes im
testur kiTxvebs, romlebic erTi pasaJis mixedviT mwerlis personaJis
mimarT damokidebulebis amocnobas moiTxovs. rac Seexeba mTeli
nawarmoebis gaazrebis Sedegad gamotanil daskvnebs, es am safexurze
moswavleebma SeZles mxolod nawilobriv _ maTTvis kargad nacnobi
Janris, zRapris farglebSi. aseve maT sworad upasuxes im kiTxvebis
umetesobasac, romelic mxatvruli teqstis enas, mxatvrul samyaros
exeba.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im tipis testur kiTxvebs, romlebic
moswavleebma saSualo safexurze daZlies mxatvruli teqstebis
gaazrebisas.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri kiTxva (c08) ukavSirdeba literaturul zRapars
`caswavala~, romlis mTavari personaJia patara Citi, saxelad caswavala.
mas aqvs patara CitisTvis TiTqos Seuferebeli ocneba _ maRla caSi
afrena. es aris personaJi, romelic Tavisi miswrafebiT da saqcieliT
gamorCeulia da, amdenad, miuRebelia garSemo myofTaTvis (tyis
frinvelebisTvis). miuxedavad imisa, rom mis mimarT mtrulad arian
ganwyobilni da sastikad sjian, igi Tavisas ar iSlis da Tavis ocnebas
26
axorcielebs _ maRla caSi mifrinavs, Tumca im tyeSi aRar brundeba,
sadac mas sastikad moeqcnen. tyis frinvelebs Soris erTaderTia
molaRuri, romelic TanagrZnobas avlens caswavalas mimarT. testuri
kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara mozards am azris dasabuTeba teqstidan
motanili faqtebis moSveliebiT. am Ria testur kiTxvas, romelic
identificirebas saWiroebs da teqstze dayrdnobiT erTi personaJis
meoris mimarT damokidebulebis gansazRvras amowmebs, upasuxa
moswavleTa 58%-ma.
nimuSi 2 – arCeviTi testuri kiTxva c03 ukavSirdeba amave teqsts da
amowmebs, axerxebs Tu ara moswavle, gansazRvros mTavari pesonaJis
mimarT sxva personaJTa damokidebuleba. am testur kiTxvas, romelic
producirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 68%-ma.26
nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (c04) exeba isev `caswavalas~ da
amowmebs,ASeuZlia Tu ara moswavles teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli
mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva or damoukidebel, magram azrobrivad
dakavSirebul winadadebas Soris. am Ria testur kiTxvas, romelic
identificirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 66%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (x07) ukavSirdeba teqsts `Zmani
xerxeuliZeni~. moswavles evaleba, moaxdinos mxatvruli saxis, Sedarebis
identificireba. am Ria testur kiTxvas sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 56%-
ma.
nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 _ is testuri kiTxvebia, romlebsac moswavleebma
saSualo safexurze upasuxes da romlebic sainformacio xasiaTis
teqstis kiTxvisa da gaazrebis unars amowmebs.
nimuSi 5 _ testuri kiTxva (a09) ukavSirdeba sainformacio teqsts
amerikis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. teqstSi mTavari ambis gadmocemasTan erTad
motanilia informacia amerikidan evropaSi mcenareTa Semotanis Sesaxeb;
aseve aRwerilia mezRvaurTa mRelvareba kolumbis xomaldebze wynari
okeanis gadacurvisas. arCeviT kiTxvas, romelic producirebas moiTxovs
da amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles, amoicnos teqstis mTavari,
ZiriTadi Tema, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 62%-ma.
26 am safexurze mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebisas moswavleebma sworad upasuxes kidev or
kiTxvas (m10 - 65%), (q12 – 65%), romlebic nawarmoebis mTlianobaSi gaazrebas da zogadi
daskvnis gamotanas moiTxovs.
27
nimuSi 6 _ testuri kiTxva (d06) ukavSirdeba teqsts dinozavrebis
Sesaxeb. kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles dainaxos
mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri teqstis or winadadebas Soris da gamoitanos
daskvna. teqstis erT winadadebaSi aRniSnulia, rom dinozavrTa nawili
xorciT ikvebeboda. meore winadadebaSi ki miTiTebulia, rom am
dinozavrebs basri kbilebi da brWyalebi hqondaT. am or informacias
Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri SeniSna da Ria kiTxvas sworad upasuxa
moswavleTa 74%-ma.
nimuSi 7 _ testuri kiTxva (a02) ukavSirdeba teqsts amerikis
aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. kiTxva amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles teqstis
or sxvadasxva monakveTSi motanili faqtebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba da
saTanado daskvnis gamotana. teqstis dasawyisSi aRniSnulia, rom
kolumbis mogzauroba daiwyo 1492 wlis 3 agvistos. teqstis meore
monakveTSi ki miTiTebulia, rom 1492 wlis 12 oqtombers misi xomaldebi
miadga amerikis sanapiros. aqve aRniSnulia, rom mogzauroba or Tveze
met xans gagrZelda. moswavlem ori informacia (amerikaSi gamgzavrebisa
da amerikaSi Casvlis faqti da TariRebi) erTmaneTs unda daukavSiros da
upasuxos arCeviT kiTxvas, Tu ramden xans gagrZelda kolumbis
mogzauroba (a. oTxi kvira; / b. ori kvira; / g. samocdaTerTmeti dRe). ar
aris gamoricxuli, moswavle daeyrdnos mxolod informacias imis
Sesaxeb, rom mogzauroba or Tveze met xans gagrZelda da sakuTar
codnaze dayrdnobiT (1 Tve=30/31 dRe) upasuxos am kiTxvas.
nimuSi 8 _ testuri davaleba (d17) amowmebs moswavlis kulturis
sferoSi gaTviTcnobierebas _ icis Tu ara moswavlem biblioTekis,
muzeumis, Teatrisa da kinoTeatris daniSnuleba. es testuri davaleba
sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saSualod 67%-ma.
amgvarad, saSualo safexurze moswavleebma sainformacio xasiaTis
teqstebis gaazrebisas SeZles rogorc teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTebs
Soris kavSiris danaxva, ise teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze
ZiriTadi Temis amocnoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave safexurze mxatvruli
teqstis gaazrebisas es amocanebi ar aris daZleuli, am samuSaos Tavi
gaarTves miRwevis donis saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze
myofma moswavleebma.
28
saSualo safexuri
kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- teqstis or winadadebaSi mocemuli azris, movlenis erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba da mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis danaxva.
- teqstidan gamomdinare konkretuli azris dasabuTeba teqstidan
motanili faqtis an detalis moSveliebiT.
- teqstis garkveuli monakveTis gaazrebis safuZvelze konkretuli
daskvnis gamotana personaJebis xasiaTis, maTi erTmaneTis mimarT
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
- mxatvruli saxeebis amocnoba.
kiTxva informaciis miRebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- teqstis or winadadebaSi mocemul faqtebsa da movlenebs Soris
kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.
- teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTSi mocemul faqtebsa da movlenebs
Soris kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.
- teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze teqstis xasiaTis da
ZiriTadi Temis amocnoba.
nimuSi 1
frinvelebidan mxolod molaRurs Seecoda caswavala. daasabuTe es
azri.
foTlebi daafara, wyali moutana (am ori argumentidan sakmarisia
erTic).
29
nimuSi 2
me-2 abzacSi vkiTxulobT: `gadawyvites, sasamarTlo moewyoT am Tavxedi
CitisTvis.~ visi damokidebulebaa aq gamoxatuli Citisadmi, anu vin
fiqrobs, rom caswavala Tavxedia?
a. moTxrobis avtori;
b. molaRuri;
* g. is frTosnebi, romlebmac ganizraxes caswavalas gasamarTleba.
nimuSi 3
ratom iZaxda caswavala Zirs daSvebisas: `vtyui, vtyui!~?
* a. am SeZaxiliT malavda Tavis uRonobas;
b. marTla tyuoda da am SeZaxiliT Tavis tyuils aRiarebda;
g. am SeZaxiliT sxva frinvelebs aqezebda.
nimuSi 4
ras Seadara mweralma TavganwirviT mebrZoli Zmebi?
lomebs
nimuSi 5
ra aris am teqstis mTavari Tema?
a. amerikidan evropaSi mcenareebis Semotanis ambavi;
* b. amerikis aRmoCenis ambavi;
g. mezRvaurTa SfoTi kolumbis xomaldebze.
30
nimuSi 6
ratom ganuviTarda zogierT dinozavrs basri brWyalebi da kbilebi?
imitom, rom isini nadirobdnen da xorcs Wamdnen.
nimuSi 7
ramden xans grZeldeboda kolumbis mogzauroba?
a. oTxi kvira;
b. ori kvira;
* g. samocdaTerTmeti dRe.
nimuSi 8 gamoicani, sad ras
naxav
CanTa, Cogani,
maisuri
Zveli sabrZolo
iaraRi
mxatvruli filmi
`konkia~
speqtakli
`nacarqeqia~
muzeumSi
biblioTekaSi
maRaziaSi
kinoTeatrSi
TeatrSi
rveulebi, wignebi,
saswavlo nivTebi
1995-1998 wlebSi
gamocemuli
sabavSvo Jurnalebi
gamoCenili
adamianebis piradi
nivTebi
31
saSualoze maRali safexuri
am safexurze ukve mTlianad aris daZleuli teqstSi
eqspliciturad mocemuli informaciis gageba. moswavleebs, rogorc
mxatvruli, ise sainformaco teqstebis kiTxvisa da gaazrebisas SeuZliaT
teqstebSi eqspliciturad warmodgenili detaluri, specifikuri
informaciis povna. moswavleebi axerxeben rogorc mxatvrul, ise
sainformacio teqstebSi sxvadasxva monakveTs Soris kavSiris danaxvas da
amis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanas, agreTve, teqstis interpretacias
sakuTari codnisa da gamocdilebis moSveliebiT.
mxatvruli teqstebis gaazrebisas moswavleTaTvis mxolod
saSualoze maRal safexurze aris mTlianobaSi gasagebi dialogis
formiT gadmocemuli ambavi. Tuki teqstis ZiriTadi Temis amocnobas
sainformacio teqstebis gaazrebisas moswavleebi axerxeben saSualo
safexurze, literaturuli nawarmoebis mTavari azris, ideis amocnoba
mTlianobaSi (oTxive mxatvruli nawarmoebis mixedviT) SesaZlebeli
mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze aRmoCnda. sainformacio teqstebis
gaazrebisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT teqstis daniSnulebis gansazRvra,
varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva, teqstidan gamomdinare azris
dasabuTeba. am safexurze moswavles met-naklebad ganviTarebuli aqvs
sakuTari azris logikurad Camoyalibebis unari.
nimuSebi _ 1, 2, 3, 4 warmoadgens im testur kiTxvebs, romlebic
amowmebs moswavleTa kiTxvis unars literaturuli gamocdilebis
miRebis mizniT da daZleulia saSualoze maRal safexurze.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri kiTxva (q09) ukavSirdeba moTxrobas quCaSi
mosmenili saubari. moTxrobas dialogis forma aqvs. babuasa da
SviliSvilis saubari eTikis sferos ukavSirdeba _ rogor unda
moufrTxildes adamiani Tavis saxels. moTxrobaSi es sakiTxi yovelgvari
didaqtikisa da paTetikis gareSe, iumoriT aris warmodgenili. babua
uxsnis gogonas, Tu rogor da ratom unda moeridos saxelis gatexas.
gogona babuas Tavs ise aCvenebs, TiTqos `saxeli gatexa~ (qarTuli
idiomaturi gamoTqma) pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT esmis da saubari
frangebze gadaaqvs, romlebic, rogorc cnobilia, xSir SemTxvevaSi
ramdenime saxels atareben da, gogonas azriT, am gziT moxerxebulad
32
agvareben `saxelis gatexis~ problemas (`erTi gautydebaT, meore
darCebaT, meore gautydebaT _ mesame~). saubrisas gogonas Tavad eRimeba
Tavis eSmakobaze. testuri kiTxva arkvevs, gaiazra Tu ara moswavlem
mTlianobaSi moTxroba da xvdeba Tu ara igi gogonas am saqcielis
motivs (imas, rom gogona eSmakobs, Tavs miamitad warmoaCens), saboloo
jamSi ki kiTxva avlens, ramdenad Cawvda mkiTxveli am moTxrobis iumors.
am arCeviTi kiTxvis swori pasuxi, romelic producirebas saWiroebs,
amoicno moswavleTa 43%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (q10) moswavlisgan iTxovs zemoT
ganxiluli moTxrobidan gamomdinare azris dasabuTebas teqstis
gaazrebis Sedegad SeniSnuli argumentebis meSveobiT. avtori simpaTiiT
aris gamsWvaluli moTxrobis gmirebis mimarT, rac dialogSi CarTuli
avtoriseuli remarkebidan Cans. moswavlem moTxrobidan unda amoweros
erTi fraza mainc, romelic am azrs adasturebs. es Ria testuri kiTxva,
romelic identificirebas moiTxovs, daZlia moswavleTa 32%-ma.
nimuSi 3 _ testuri kiTxva (m13) ukavSirdeba akaki wereTlis
patriotul motivze Seqmnili leqsis `Zvel samefos~ fragments.
fragmentSi vxvdebiT saqarTvelos saxelovani warsulis qebas, avtoris
droindeli saqarTvelos mxatvrul saxes _ `zafxulis mzisgan damWknari
mdelo~. am gziT fragmentSi samSoblos dacemis gamo damwuxrebuli
poetis gulistkivilia gamoxatuli. akakis leqsis es strofi
mTlianobaSi gaiazra da misi ZiriTadi azri amoicno moswavleTa 40%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri kiTxva (c13) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles sakuTari azris damoukideblad Camoyalibeba garkveul
sakiTxze, kerZod, ra aris mTavari imisaTvis, rom dasaxul mizans
miaRwio. testuri kiTxva, romelic saWiroebs Tavisufal producirebas,
ukavSirdeba moTxrobas caswavala, romlis mixedviTac dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad mTavaria didi mondomeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom am testur
kiTxvas win uswrebs arCeviTi kiTxva (c12),27 romelic moTxrobis am
mTavari ideis gamokveTas ukavSirdeba da romelsac TiTqos stimuli
unda mieca moswavleebisTvis am sakiTxze dasafiqreblad, Ria testur
27 TavisTavad testur kiTxvas c12, romelic moiTxovs nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis
amocnobas, sworad pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 35%-ma.
33
kiTxvaze (c13) logikuri pasuxis gacema moaxerxa moswavleTa mxolod
42%-ma.
nimuSebi 5, 6, 7, 8 is teqsturi kiTxvebia, romlebic amowmebs
moswavleTa kiTxvis unars informaciis mopovebis mizniT da daZleulia
saSualoze maRal safexurze.
nimuSi 5 _ arCeviTi testuri kiTxva (k06) ukavSirdeba sainformacio
teqsts kometebis Sesaxeb, kerZod teqstSi motanil varauds, romlis
mixedviTac dedamiwaze kometis Camovardna, SesaZloa, yofiliyo
dinozavrebis gadaSenebis mizezi. moswavles evaleba gaarkvios, es aris
faqti, Tu mxolod varaudi. am testur kiTxvas win uZRvis aseve arCeviTi
testuri kiTxva (k05 _ vin fiqrobs ase: zogi mecnieri, mecnierTa
umetesoba Tu yvela mecnieri)28, romlis sworad gaazreba xels uwyobs
k06-ze swori pasuxis gacemas. arCeviT kiTxvas k06, romelic saWiroebs
producirebas, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 45%-ma.
nimuSi 6 _ testuri kiTxva (a05) ukavSirdeba sainformacio xasiaTis
teqsts amerikis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. testuri kiTxvaa _romeli
kontinentidan gacura kolumbma? teqstSi es informacia eqspliciturad
ar aris mocemuli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavlisaTvis am teqstSi
gadmocemuli ambavi ucxoa,29 man Semdegi gziT unda upasuxos testur
kiTxvas: teqstis pirvel abzacSi gadmocemuli ambavi kolumbis
gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb man unda daukavSiros meore abzacs, kerZod,
kolumbis mezRvaurTa moTxovnas ukan, evropis kontinentze dabrunebis
Sesaxeb da gamoitanos daskvna. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom am asakis
zogierTma moswavlem icodes es ambavi, an geografiaSi dagrovili
codnis safuZvelze upasuxos am kiTxvas. am Ria testur kiTxvas upasuxa
moswavleTa 42%-ma.
nimuSi 7 _ testuri kiTxva (a15) exeba kiTxvis testis sainformacio
blokSi CarTul mcire moculobis teqsts, ucxo sityvis (liliputi)
saleqsikono ganmartebas. formis da Sinaarsis mixedviT moswavlem unda
28 testur kiTxvas k05 sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 50%-ma. 29 winaswari testirebis dros samuSao procesSi moswavleebze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom es
ambavi Tbilisis meoTxe klaseli moswavleebisaTvis ucxoa. umetesobisTvis ucxoa, aseve,
sityva kontinenti.
34
amoicnos mocemuli teqstis daniSnuleba. arCeviT testur kiTxvaze,
romelic producirebas moiTxovs, sworad upasuxa moswavleTa 34%-ma.30
nimuSi 8 _ testuri kiTxva (k15) amowmebs, ramdenad erkveva moswavle
wignis struqturaSi, kerZod, ra daniSnuleba aqvs wignSi sarCevs da
rogor unda gamoiyenos is mkiTxvelma. arCeviT testur kiTxvas sworad
gasca pasuxi moswavleTa 49%-ma.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kiTxvis testi faqtobrivad mTlianad aris
daZleuli saSualoze maRal safexurze. mxolod am safexurze SeZles
moswavleebma sworad gaecaT pasuxi im Ria testuri kiTxvebisaTvis,
romlebic producirebas moiTxovs.
saSualoze maRali safexuri
kiTxva literaturuli gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis, Temis amocnoba mxatvruli
teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze;
- personaJis moqmedebis motivis amocnoba mTliani teqstis
gaazrebis safuZvelze;
- personaJebis mimarT mwerlis damokidebulebis gansazRvra
teqstis mTlianobaSi gaazrebis safuZvelze;
- ama Tu im azris dasabuTeba teqstis gaazrebis safuZvelze;
- teqstis sxvadasxva monakveTSi mocemul azrebs Soris
kavSiris danaxva da daskvnis gamotana.
kiTxva informaciis mopovebis mizniT
moswavles SeuZlia:
- sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis daniSnulebis garkveva;
- teqstSi eqspliciturad mocemuli specifikuri informaciis
povna;
- varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisgan garCeva;
- sakuTari azris mwyobrad, Tanmimdevrulad gamoTqma.
30 analogiuri testuri kiTxvebia o11 (26%) da d13 (34%).,
35
nimuSi 1
ratom iRimeba gogo eSmakurad papasTan saubris dros?
a. papis naTqvams sasacilod igdebs;
* b. papa saxaliso saubarSi aiyolia da Tavis eSmakobaze eRimeba;
g. moCxubari gogonebi axsendeba.
nimuSi 2
ipove da amowere moTxrobidan is winadadeba, romelic migvaniSnebs, rom
mwerals moswons papa da SviliSvili (sakmarisia erT-erTi frazac):
`netav ra hqvia?~ - gavifiqre me. / ratomRac misamarTi davimaxsovre.
/ vinatre: `netav bevri iyos Cvens qalaqSi aseTi ezoebi~.
nimuSi 3
ra aris am leqsSi mTavari, ZiriTadi?
a. samSoblos warsulis Seqeba;
* b. samSoblos dasneulebis gamo gulistkivilis gamoxatva;
g. samSoblos bedis gadamWknar mdelosTan Sedareba.
nimuSi 4
Seni azriT, ra aris mTavari dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad?
misaRebad CaiTvleba rogorc avtoriseuli poziciis gaziareba, ise
logikurad Camoyalibebuli gansxvavebuli azri.
36
nimuSi 5
dinozavrebis gadaSenebis mizezi namdvilad dedamiwaze kometis
Camovardna iyo?
a. ara;
b. diax;
* g. SesaZloa.
nimuSi 6
romeli kontinentidan gacura kolumbma?
evropis kontinentidan
nimuSi 7
ra aris am teqstis daniSnuleba?
a. sviftis romanis Sinaarsis gadmocema;
* b. ucxo sityvis, `liliputis~ ganmarteba;
g. qondriskacis garegnobis aRwera.
37
nimuSi 8
sarCevi
Svlis nukris naambobi..................................................................... 5
STabeWdilebani ...................................................................................... 14
patara mwyemsis fiqrebi ................................................................ 23
ia ........................................................................................................................... 28
darejani ........................................................................................................ 31
kurdReli ..................................................................................................... 46
mTis wyaro ................................................................................................... 50
ras niSnavs:
ia ........................................................................................................................... 28
* a. moTxroba `ia~ 28 gverds moicavs;
b. moTxroba `ia~ iwyeba 28-e gverdze;
g. moTxroba `ia~ mTavrdeba 28-e gverdze.
maRali safexuri
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kiTxvis testi TiTqmis mTlianad daiZlia
saSualoze maRal safexurze. maRal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies
darCenili ori testuri davaleba da erTi testuri kiTxva. es testuri
davalebebi amowmebs, ramdenad aqvs moswavles Camoyalibebuli logikuri
azrovneba _ xedavs Tu ara logikur kavSirs teqstis monakveTebs Soris,
SeuZlia Tu ara, mTlianobaSi aRiqvas teqsti. mxolod am safexurze
moxerxda im testuri kiTxvis daZleva, romelic amowmebs, Tu ramdenad
SeuZlia moswavles, wakiTxulis gaazrebisas gamoiyenos sxva sferoSi
SeZenili codna; teqstSi mocemuli informaciis sakuTar codnasTan,
gamocdilebasTan SejerebiT swori pasuxi gasces kiTxvas.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3 _ is testuri kiTxva da davalebebia, romlebic
maRal safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.
nimuSi 1 – testuri davalebis (k15) mixedviT, moswavlem mocemuli
winadadebebi logikuri TanmimdevrobiT ise unda daalagos, rom miiRos
38
moTxroba Zveli berZeni filosofosis, diogenes Sesaxeb. es davaleba
sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 24%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testur davalebaSi (m12) araTanmimdevrulad aris
CamoTvlili is adgilebi, romlebic zRapris mTavarma gmirma moiara.
moswavlem unda aRadginos zRapris sivrce da dro _ swori
TanmimdevrobiT unda daalagos es adgilebi. davaleba sworad Seasrula
moswavleTa 15%-ma.
nimuSi 3 – testuri kiTxva (x12) amowmebs, ramdenad SeuZlia
moswavles moTxrobaSi aRwerili ambis drois dazusteba teqstSive
mocemuli informaciis sakuTar codnasTan Sejerebis gziT. maTematikis
saskolo kursiT IV klasis dasawyisSi miRebuli codna (1 saukune = 100
weli) gamoiyena da am kiTxvaze swori pasuxi gasca moswavleTa 21%-ma.
maRali safexuri
moswavles SeuZlia:
- teqstis nawilebs Soris logikuri kavSirebis danaxva, teqstis
mTlianobaSi aRqma;
- teqstSi mocemuli informaciis sxva sferoSi SeZenil codnasTan
SejerebiT daskvnis gamotana.
nimuSi 1
yuradRebiT waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi. maTi dalagebis Sedegad unda
miviRoT moTxroba Zveli berZeni filosofosis, diogenes Sesaxeb.
1. erTxel is aleqsandre makedonelma dainaxa, masTan mivida da uTxra:
2. RamiT ki Sig SeZvreboda da iq iZinebda.
3. mzes mificxebulma diogenem upasuxa: `mzes nu miCrdilav, sami nabijiT ukan daixie!~
4. dRisiT igi kasridan amodioda xolme da mzeze Tbeboda.
5. Zveli berZeni filosofosi diogene kasrSi cxovrobda.
6. `miTxari, diogene, ra ginda da yvela survils agisruleb.~
Camowere winadadebaTa nomrebi iseTi TanmimdevrobiT, rom moTxroba gamogivides.
5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3.
39
nimuSi 2
mzeTunaxavma qalma grZeli gza gaiara. zRapris mixedviT gahyevi
mis gzas da sworad danomre qvemoT CamoTvlili adgilebi!
triali mindori da patara koSki -----2-----
mzis sabrZanebeli -----3-----
mzeTunaxavi qalis saxli ----1-----
ufliswulis samefo -----5-----
isev koSki trial mindorze -------4----
nimuSi 3
mweralma es moTxroba dawera me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi.
romel saukuneSi moxda am moTxrobaSi aRwerili ambavi?
me-17 saukuneSi
40
* * *
testirebis Sedegebis statistikuri analizis mixedviT, miRwevis
donis saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma sworad gasces pasuxi
kiTxvis testis kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis daaxloebiT 11%-s, 125-dan 14
testur kiTxvas (ix. diagrama 2). es safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa
saerTo raodenobis saSualod 81%-ma. xolo miRwevis donis saSualoze
dabal safexurze maTgan aRmoCnda moswavleTa daaxloebiT 19% (ix.
diagrama 1).
saSualo safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
saSualod 62%-ma. miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze ki aRmoCnda
moswavleTa daaxloebiT 20% (ix. diagrama 1). aRmoCnda, rom testuri
kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis daaxloebiT 55%, 125-dan 68 kiTxva, Tavisi
sirTuliT am safexuris Sesabamisia (ix. diagrama 2).
saSualoze maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saSualod 42%-
ma. miRwevis donis am safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa daaxloebiT 22%
(ix. diagrama 1). testuri kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis 32%, 125-dan 40
kiTxva sirTuliT saSualoze maRal safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagrama 2).
maRal safexuri daZlia moswavleTa daaxloebiT 20%-ma (ix.
diagrama 1). testuri kiTxvebis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 2,4%, 125-dan 3
kiTxva, aRmoCnda sirTuliT am safexuris Sesabamisi (ix. diagrama 2).
statistikuri analizis Sedegad gamoikveTa, agreTve, garkveuli
raodenoba moswavleebisa, daaxloebiT 19%, romelic oTxwledis
dasrulebisas im sirTulis teqstebs, rogoric saswavlo
saxelmZRvaneloebSia warmodgenili, kiTxulobs, magram ver igebs, an,
SesaZloa, saerTod ver kiTxulobs (ix. diagrama 2).
oTxwledis eqspertTa azriT, mocemuli sirTulis teqstebi
saerTod dauZleveli unda yofiliyo moswavleTaTvis saSualoze dabal
safexurzec ki. maTi azriT, e. w. susti moswavle ver daZlevda kiTxvis
testis verc erT kiTxvas. Sesabamisad, dReisaTvis mSobliuri enis
swavlebis kursi, kerZod, kiTxvis unar-Cvevis CamoyalibebaSi dasaxuli
strategia dawyebiT klasebSi ar iTvaliswinebs amgvari moswavlis
interesebs. marTalia, kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom kiTxvis
garkveuli procesebi nawilobriv daZleulia saSualoze dabal
41
safexurze, magram am safexurze daZleuli masala imdenad umniSvneloa,
rom eqspertTa azri usafuZvlo ar aris da is didad ar scildeba
realur suraTs. eqspertebi elodnen, rom miRwevis donis saSualo
safexurze daZleuli iqneboda kiTxvis testis ufro didi nawili,
daaxloebiT 74%, nacvlad realuri 68%-sa. maTi azriT, am safexurze
moswavleebs sworad unda gaecaT pasuxi yvela im kiTxvaze, romelic
teqstSi eqspliciturad, cxadad mocemuli informaciis povnas moiTxovs.
rogorc aRmoCnda, am amocanis daZleva saSualo safexurze mTlianad ver
xerxdeba. eqspertTa azriT, saSualoze maRal safexurze faqtobrivad
mTlianad unda daZleuliyo kiTxvis testi, rac marTlac Seesabameba
realobas.
moswavleTa miRwevebi
(kiTxva)
19
19
20
22
20dabalisaSualoze dabalisaSualosaSualoze maRalimaRali
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
saS.dabali
saSualo
saS.maRali
maRali
miRwevis doneebi
Sesabamisi masala
42
2. leqsika
leqsikis testi amowmebs moswavleTa enobriv alRos da, garkve-
ulwilad, leqsikur maragsac.
testi moicavs Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis arealidan
SerCeul im leqsikur erTeulebs, romlebic nacnobia (nacnobi unda iyos)
moswavleebisTvis sasaubro enidan da I-IV klaselTaTvis gankuTvnili
teqstebidan (saxelmZRvaneloebsa da e.w. klasgareSe sakiTxav wignebSi
Setanili nawarmoebebidan).
2. 1. testis aRwera
moswavleTa Sesafaseblad Sedgenilia leqsikis testis ori
Tvisebrivad Tanabari varianti. testi ZiriTadad testuri
davalebebisagan Sedgeba da mxolod ramdenime testur kiTxvas Seicavs.
leqsikis testSi gamoyofilia testur davalebaTa da kiTxvaTa 16 bloki,
romlebSic ganawilebulia 84 testuri kiTxva da davaleba.
Sinaarsis mixedviT testSi davalebaTa da kiTxvaTa 5 jgufi
gamoiyofa:
I. sityvis mniSvnelobis codna;
II. sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri sizustis dacva;
III. gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba;
IV. semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra;
V. xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis codna.
amgvarad, leqsikis testiT mowmdeba:
I. sityvis mniSvnelobis codna:
1. sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvis amocnoba (1: a, b, g; 2’: a, b,
g);
2. mniSvnelobiT msgavsi (SinaarsiT axlos mdgomi) sityvis amocnoba
(1’: b, g, d;: 2 a, b, g; 16, 16’);
3. konteqstis mixedviT msazRvreli sityvis aRdgena (3: b, g; 3’ b, g; 6:
a, b, g, d; 6’: a, b, g, d);
4. ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba (10: a, b, g; 10’: a, b, g; 11, 11’).
II. sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri sizustis dacva:
1. semantikuri wyvilis aRdgena (5: a, b, g, d; 5’: a, b, g, d);
43
2. swori Sesityvebis amocnoba (4: b, g, d; 4’: b, g, d, e, v, z; 12: a, b, g,
d; 12’: a, b, g, d).
III. gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba:
1. mocemuli saerTo mniSvnelobisTvis kerZo sityvebis amocnoba (8, 8’,
14, 14’);
2. mocemuli sityvebisTvis gamaerTianebeli sityvis SerCeva (9, 9’).
IV. semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra:
1. konteqstisTvis semantikurad Sesabamisi sityvis amocnoba (15, 15’);
2. erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi mniSvnelobaTa sxvaobis amocnoba
(7: a, b, g; 7’: a, b, g).
V. xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis codna:
1. xatovan sityva-TqmasTan mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityvis gaigiveba
(13: a, b, g; 13’: a, b, g).
2. 2. miRwevis doneebi
saSualoze dabali safexuri
saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is
testuri davalebebi, romlebic amowmebs sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas
semantikuri sizustis dacvas _ swori Sesityvebis amocnobas da
semantikuri wyvilebis aRdgenas.
nimuSebi 1, 2 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic am safexurze
daZlies moswavleebma.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davaleba (4) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles sityvaTa sworad SeTanxmeba da enis myari Sesityvebis
amocnoba. eqvsi wyvilidan am safexurze moswavleebma mxolod samis
amocnoba moaxerxes: broweulis marcvali; Txilis guli; Tovlis
gunda. danarCeni sami wyvilis Sedgena mxolod zeda _ meore safexurze
aRmoCnda SesaZlebeli.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (5) amowmebs isev semantikuri wyvilis
amocnobas. moswavlem isrebiT unda daakavSiros mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi
sityvebi. am safexurze moswavleebma oTxi SesaZlebeli wyvilidan sami
44
wyvilis amocnoba SeZles (foToli Srialebs, wyaro CuxCuxebs, kari
Wrialebs).31
saSualoze dabali safexuri
moswavles SeuZlia:
_ im leqsikuri erTeulebis, enis myari sityvaTSeTanxmebis
nimuSebis amocnoba, romlebic gansakuTrebiT xSirad
gamoiyeneba sasaubro enaSi da misTvis kargad aris nacnobi.
nimuSi 1
sworad gaunawile CamoTvlili sityvebi qvemoT Camoweril sityvebs:
qula, gunda, belti, gorgali.
magaliTi: a) Zafis gorgali
b) miwis ___________
g) Tovlis gunda
d) Rrublis ________
lebani, marcvali, guli.
e) broweulis marcvali
v) Txilis guli
z) nigvzis __________
31 analogiuri bloki (5’) mTlianad daZleulia saSualo safexurze.
45
nimuSi 2
isrebiT daakavSire erTmaneTTan mniSvnelobiT Sesaferisi sityvebi:
a) foToli CuxCuxebs.
b) wyaro zuzunebs.
Q g) kari Srialebs.
d) qari Wrialebs.
saSualo safexuri
am safexurze moswavleebma mTlianad daZlies is testuri
davalebebi, romlebic amowmebs sityvaTa SeTanxmebisas semantikuri
sizustis dacvas. sworad Seasrules TiTqmis yvela is davalebac,
romelic sityvis mniSvnelobis codnas amowmebs da moiTxovs sinonimuri
calis amocnobas, agreTve, ganmartebasTan sityvis identificirebas. aseve,
TiTqmis mTlianad aris daZleuli testuri davalebebi, romlebic
xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gagebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
antonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba am safexurze mxolod nawilobriv
moxerxda.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic saSualo
safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (1: b, g, d) mixedviT, moswavlem
sityvaTa mocemuli maragidan unda amoarCios da miuweros mocemul
sityvebs sinonimuri calebi. pirveli sinonimuri wyvili (gamoikvlia -
gamoiZia) amoicno moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 70%-ma. xolo danarCeni
ori (ikamaTa - idava, Seamokla - Sekveca) _ 64%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (10’) moiTxovs ganmartebasTan sityvis
identificirebas. moswavlem mocemuli maragidan unda SearCios da
ganmartebebs miuweros mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityvebi (gamrje, mSvidi,
uxvi). mocemuli davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 64%-ma.
46
nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (13’) mixedviT, moswavlem unda
SeZlos xatovani gamoTqmebisa da maragSi mocemuli sityvebis
mniSvnelobaTa sworad Sefardeba. testuri davaleba daZlia moswavleTa
52%-ma.
saSualo safexuri
moswavles SeuZlia:
- enis myari sityvaTSeTanxmebis nimuSebSi semantikuri sizustis
dacva;
- sinonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba;
- antonimuri wyvilebis nawilobriv amocnoba;
- ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba;
- xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gansazRvra.
nimuSi 1
am maragidan amoarCie da miuwere qvemoT CamoTvlils mniSvnelobiT
msgavsi sityva:
magaliTi: a) gacxarda - gaficxda
b) gamoikvlia - gamoiZia
g) ikamaTa - idava
d) Seamokla - Sekveca
gaficxda, idava, gamoiZia,
Sekveca, aRkveTa.
nimuSi 2
47
am maragidan SearCie da miuwere ganmartebas misi Sesaferisi sityva:
a) ar ficxdeba, moTminebas ar kargavs - mSvidi
b) Tavisi qoneba sxvisTvis ar enaneba - uxvi
g) Sroma uyvars, mudam Sromobs - gamrje
gamrje, mSvidi, uxvi.
nimuSi 3
am maragidan amoarCie da qveS miuwere gamoTqmebs mniSvnelobiT Sesabamisi sityva:
a) `ca qudad ar miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnad~- mediduri
b) `dRe da Rames asworebs~ - mSromeli
g) `miwas ar aCnia~ - patara
mSromeli, mediduri, patara.
saSualoze maRali safexuri
saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma sworad Seasrules yvela
testuri davaleba, romelic amowmebda sityvis Tu xatovani sityva-Tqmis
mniSvnelobaTa codnas. maT SeZles ara mxolod sinonimuri, aramed
sityvaTa antonimuri wyvilebis amocnobac. am safexurze mTlianad
daZlies is Ria testuri davalebebi, romlebic moiTxovda winadadebaSi
gamotovebuli sityvis konteqstis mixedviT aRdgenas. aseve, moswavleebma
moaxerxes erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi mniSvnelobaTa sxvaobis
SemCneva da winadadebaSi maTi adgilis povna. davalebaTa erTaderTi
jgufi, romlis daZlevac am safexurzec gauWirdaT moswavleebs, aris
48
gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba (sityvaTa
kategorizacia).32 1
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri kiTxva da davalebebia, romlebic
moswavleebma mesame safexurze daZlies.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (2a, b, g) mixedviT, moswavlem mocemuli
maragidan unda amoarCios da miuweros CamoTvlil sityvebs mniSvnelobiT
sapirispiro calebi. pirveli antonimuri wyvili (Tavmdabali _
ampartavani) amoicno moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 38%-ma; meore
(gulmodgine _ daudevari) _ 31%-ma; mesame (mtkice _ meryevi) ki _ 37%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ arCeviTi testuri kiTxva (11) amowmebs, esmis Tu ara
moswavles sityvis (sityvaZunwi) mniSvneloba. am testuri kiTxvis swori
pasuxi amoicno moswavleTa 42%-ma.
nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (7) mixedviT, moswavlem unda SeniSnos
mniSvnelobaTa sxvaoba erTi semantikuri velis sityvebSi da SeZlos
winadadebaSi maTi zusti adgilis povna. pirveli semantikuri wyvili
(kriala, ankara) winadadebaSi sworad gaanawiles saSualo safexurzec.
meore (mware, cxare) da mesame (cota, meCxeri) ki saSualoze maRal
safexurs Seefardeba da daZlia moswavleTa 35 _ 38%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri davaleba (8) moiTxovs gvarisa da saxeobis
principiT sityvaTa dajgufebas. moswavlem mocemul saerTo sityvas
(WurWeli) mocemuli maragidan unda SeurCios kerZo sityvebi (lambaqi
finjani, langari). es davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleTa 49%-ma.
,
nimuSi 5 _ testur davalebaSi (15’) sityvaTa semantikuri velidan
(gazarda, gaadida, gaaxSira, ganavrco) moswavlem unda amoicnos
mocemuli winadadebis Sesabamisi erTaderTi sityva. davaleba sworad
Seasrula moswavleTa 32%-ma.
nimuSi 6 _ analogiuria nimuSi 5-isa. testuri davalebis (15)
mixedviT, moswavlem unda SeniSnos Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba erTi
semantikuri velis sityvebSi (miadgnen, ewvivnen, eaxlnen, estumrnen). es
davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 35%-ma.
32 es testuri davaleba mTlianad daZleulia Semdgom _ maRal safexurze.
49
saSualoze maRali safexuri
moswavles SeuZlia:
_ enis myar gamoTqmebSi semantikuri sizustis dacva;
_ ganmartebasTan sityvis identificireba;
_ sityvaTa sinomimuri da antonimuri wyvilebis amocnoba;
_ winadadebaSi gamotovebuli sityvis konteqstis mixedviT aRdgena;
_ semantikur velSi sityvis Sinaarsis gansazRvra;
_ xatovan sityva-TqmaTa mniSvnelobis gansazRvra;
_ nawilobriv, gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba.
nimuSi 1
am maragidan amoarCie da miuwere qvemoT CamoTvlil sityvebs
mniSvnelobiT sapirispiro sityva:
a) Tavmdabali - ampartavani
b) gulmodgine - daudevari
g) mtkice - meryevi
daudevari, meryevi, ampartavani.
nimuSi 2
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romels Seefereba sityva ,,sityvaZunwi~?
a. vinc nela laparakobs;
b.* vinc cotas laparakobs;
g. vinc xmadabla laparakobs.
50
nimuSi 3
winadadebebSi sworad gaanawile mocemuli sityvebi da Cawere:
a) kriala, ankara
ankara wyalSi kriala kenWebi moCans.
b) mware, cxare
patarebs ar uyvarT cxare wiwaka da mware wamali.
g) cota, meCxeri
vaSlis xes meCxeri totebi aqvs da cota nayofi asxia.
nimuSi 4
daakvirdi sityvis marags:
am maragidan amowere mxolod i
saerTo mniSvnelobaa `WurWeli
lambaqi, finjani, langari
nimuSi 5
am maragidan SearCie da w
Sesaferisi sityva:
gaxarebulma xelmwifem nad
gazarda
gaaxSir
skivri, lambaqi, xanjali,
lagami, finjani, langari.
s sami sityva, romelTa
~:
inadadebaSi Cawere mniSvnelobiT
imoba gaaxSira.
, gaadida,
a, ganavrco
51
nimuSi 6
am maragidan SearCie da winadadebaSi Cawere mniSvnelobiT
Sesaferisi sityva:
daTqmul dros ufliswuls dabarebuli msaxurebi eaxlnen.
miadgnen, ewvivnen,
eaxlnen, estumrnen
maRali safexuri
sirTulis doniT leqsikis testis mxolod erTi davaleba Seesabameba
maRal safexurs. es testuri davaleba amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles gvarisa da saxeobis principiT sityvaTa dajgufeba (sityvaTa
kategorizacia). SevniSnavT, rom am unaris Sesamowmeblad leqsikis testi
Seicavs ori saxeobis davalebas: mocemuli saerTo mniSvnelobisTvis
kerZo sityvebis amocnobas da mocemuli sityvebisTvis gamaerTianebeli
sityvis SerCevas. amaTgan pirveli saSualoze maRal safexurze mTlianad
daZlies, xolo meore _ SedarebiT rTuli aRmoCnda.
nimuSi 1 aris swored is erTaderTi testuri davaleba (9), romelic
Seasrula moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 25%-ze naklebma _ 23%-ma da,
Sesabamisad, maRal safexurs miekuTvneba.33
nimuSi 1
CamoTvlil sityvebs miuwere saerTo mniSvnelobis mqone sityva:
magida, skami, sawoli, Taro - aveji.
33 analogiuri davaleba daZlia moswavleTa 39%-ma.
52
* * *
amgvarad, saSualoze dabal safexurze leqsikis testis 16
blokidan moswavleebma sworad Seasrules mxolod ori (4, 5), isic
nawilobriv. maT SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan daagroves maqsimum 6, anu
daZlies mTeli masalis mxolod 7% (ix. diagr. ?). aSkaraa, rom am
safexurze myof moswavles ar aqvs ganviTarebuli enobrivi alRo da misi
leqsikuri maragi Zalian mwiria. saSualoze dabali safexuri, leqsikis
testis mixedviT, gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod
79%-ma. maTgan miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze aRmoCnda
moswavleTa daaxloebiT 19% (ix. diagr. ?). statistikuri monacemebi
cxadyofs, rom moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 21%-ma
saSualoze dabali safexuric ki ver daZlia (ix. diagr. ?).
saSualo safexurze moswavleebma SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan
daagroves maqsimum 49 qula. am safexurs sirTuliT Seesabameba mTeli
testis daaxloebiT 50% (ix. diagr. ?). saSualo safexuri gadalaxa
moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 60%-ma. maTgan daaxloebiT
19%-is Sedegi miRwevis donis am safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr. ?).
Sesabamisad, moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 19%-is enobrivi alRo da
leqsikuri maragi damakmayofilebelia saxelmZRvaneloebSi
warmodgenili teqstebis verbalur (sityvier) doneze dasaZlevad.
saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma SesaZlebeli 84 qulidan
daagroves maqsimum 80 qula. leqsikis testis masalis daaxloebiT 40%
sirTuliT saSualoze maRal safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr. /). es
safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 41%-ma.
amaTgan moswavleTa 18% saSualoze maRal safexurze aRmoCnda (ix. diagr.
?).
miRwevis donis maRal safexurze aRmoCnda moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis daaxloebiT 23%. am safexurs sirTuliT Seesabameba mTeli
masalis Dmcire raodenoba, daaxloebiT 3% (ix. diagr. ?).
qulaTa ganawilebis Tanafardobaze dakvirvebis Sedegad
SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom leqsikis testi faqtobrivad daZleulia
saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze moswavleTa saSualod 41%-is
mier. Sesabamisad, oTxwledis etapis dasrulebisas moswavleTa saerTo
53
raodenobis saSualod 41%-ma leqsikis testis farglebSi gamoavlina
enobrivi alRo, sityvieri moqniloba. aseve, vfiqrobT, es procentuli
maCvenebeli avlens mkiTxvel, wignier moswavleTa nawils. leqsikis
sferoSi aseTi Sedegi zogadad wignis, kiTxvis siyvaruliTac aris
gapirobebuli.34
niSandoblivia, rom eqspertTa mosazreba leqsikis testis
saSualoze dabal safexurze daZlevis mosalodneli Sedegis Sesaxeb
TiTqmis emTxveva realur Sedegs. mosalodneli Sedegis mixedviT,
saSualoze dabal safexurze myofi moswavleebi SeZlebdnen 84-dan 11
qulis dagrovebas. eqspertTa azriT, saSualo safexurze daZleuli unda
yofiliyo leqsikis testis sakmaod didi nawili _ am safexurze myof
moswavleebs unda daegrovebinaT 60 qula. es varaudi ki gansxvavdeba
realuri viTarebisagan. miRwevis donis maRal safexurze, maTi azriT,
ukve mTlianad unda daZluliyo leqsikis testi.
diagrama
moswavleTa miRwevebi
(leqsika)
19
21
23
18
19dabali
saSualoze dabalisaSualo
saSualoze maRalimaRali
34 moswavleTa leqsikuri maragisa da kiTxvis (wakiTxulis gaazrebis) unaris
urTierTmimarTeba daadastura Sedegebis fsiqometrulma analizmac .......... aseve, sruliad
Tanabaria am sferoTa Sesafasebeli testebis saSualo sirTulis koeficientebi.
54
diagrama
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
saS.dabali
saSualo
saS.maRali
maRalimiRwevis doneebi
Sesabamisi masala
3. wera
weris testi amowmebs moswavlis weriT metyvelebas _ ramdenad aqvs
mas sakuTari azris Tanmimdevrulad da cxadad werilobiT gadmocemis
unari; SeuZlia Tu ara mocemul Temaze Txzulebis Seqmna da mocemuli
teqstis perifrazi; SeuZlia Tu ara yofiTi situaciis aRwera.
mocemuli davalebebis farglebSi mowmdeba moswavlis namuSevris
ara marto Sinaarsobrivi mxare, aramed isic, Tu gramatikulad ramdenad
gamarTulia naweri, ramdenad flobs moswavle I-IV klasebSi Seswavlili
gramatikul-orTografiuli normebisa da punqtuaciis wesebs, aqvs Tu
ara mas asakisTvis Sesaferisi leqsikuri maragi.
3. 1. testis aRwera
weris unar-Cvevis Sesamowmebeli testi Sedga oTx variantad,
romelTagan TiToeuli Seicavs or sxvadasxva saxis davalebas. ori
varianti amowmebs moswavlis weriT metyvelebas SeTavazebuli
Tavisufali Temis mixedviT da mxatvruli teqstis perifrazis unars:
I varianti _ moswavlem SeTavazebuli gegmis mixedviT unda daweros
Txzuleba: `Cemi saukeTeso megobari~; gadmosces mocemuli teqstis
(sulxan-saba orbelianis `mefe da mxatvari~) Sinaarsi.
55
II varianti _ moswavles evaleba miTiTebuli gegmis mixedviT
daweros Tema `Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro~; gadmosces mocemuli
teqstis (esopes `ori megobari~) Sinaarsi.
Semdegi ori variantiT mowmdeba weriTi metyveleba yofiTi
Tematikis FfarglebSi: mokle informaciuli xasiaTis teqstis Sedgena da
yofiTi situaciis aRwera;
III varianti _ moswavlem unda Seadginos axloblisaTvis mosawvevi
baraTi sabavSvo speqtaklze, romelsac moswavleebi marTaven skolaSi;
moswavlem unda aRweros zafxulis da zamTris tansacmeli;
IV varianti _ moswavlem Tavis axlobels saxlidan moulodnelad
gasvlis gamo unda dauweros baraTi; unda aRweros samzareulo da
sastumro oTaxi.
weris unar-Cvevis analizisas mimovixilavT weris im aspeqtebs,
romlebic ZiriTadad exeba naweris Sinaarsobriv mxares, stils
(sintaqsis sakiTxebi) da leqsikas, kerZod, weriTi metyvelebisas
saliteraturo enis siwmindes (barbarizmebisa da dialeqtizmebis
problemas). calke gamovyofT meqanikur da grafikul Secdomebs. rac
Seexeba gramatikis sakiTxebs, mas gramatikis testis monacemebTan
kavSirSi ganvixilavT.
cxrilebSi (I, II, III) warmodgenilia is Sefasebis kriteriumebi,
romelTa mixedviTac Sefasda moswavleTa nawerebi. cxrili I warmoadgens
Txzulebis da nawarmoebis perifrazis Sefasebis kriteriumebs; cxrili II
_ baraTis Sesafasebel kriteriumebs; cxrili III _ aRweriTi xasiaTis
naweris Sefasebis kriteriumebs. kriteriumebi, ZiriTadad, amowmebs weris
unaris im aspeqtebs, romlebic gapirobebulia mocemuli davalebis
specifikiT (magaliTad, Txzulebis Sedgenisas mowmdeba Temis
originaluroba, baraTis Sedgenisas kriteriumebSi yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia naweris formaze, yofiT Tematikaze weris Semowmebisas
calkea gamoyofili iseTi kriteriumebi, rogoricaa barbarizmebi da
dialeqtizmebi, risi gamovlenac swored am tipis davalebaSia
mosalodneli).
cxrilebSi 1, 2, 3, 4 mocemulia testirebis empiriuli monacemebis
procentuli gamosaxuleba Sefasebis kriteriumebis qulebis Sesabamisad.
56
calkeul ujraSi miTiTebulia erTi tipis orive davalebis procentuli
maCvenebeli.
3. 2. miRwevis doneebi
Txzulebis, e. w. Tavisufali Temis (Cemi saukeTeso megobari, Cemi
sayvareli weliwadis dro) Seqmna, romelic moiTxovs Tavisufal
producirebas, moswavleebma saSualoze dabal safexurze ver moaxerxes.
aRmoCnda, rom moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 48% saerTod
ver asrulebs oTxwledis dasasruls tradiciul weriT davalebas
mSobliur enaSi. saSualo safexurze moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
daaxloebiT 3%-ma SeZlo met-naklebad adekvaturi leqsikis gamoyenebiT,
magram arasrulyofilad, martivi formiT gadmoeca sakuTari azri
mocemul Temaze. saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleebma (saerTo
raodenobis daaxloebiT 40%-ma) SeZles sakuTari azris ufro cxadad,
mkafiod da adekvaturi leqsikiT Camoyalibeba. es weriTi davaleba
srulyofilad daiZlia maRal safexurze _ Tema ganavrco da weriT
metyvelebaSi sworad gamoiyena rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi
(Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebebi), moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
saSualod 9%-ma. AamaTgan originalurobiT _ SemoqmedebiTi unariT,
Txzvis niWiT _ gamoirCeoda moswavleTa 4%-is naweri.
am monacemebis mixedviT, sakuTari azris Camoyalibebas mocemul
Temaze saerTod ver axerxebs moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari, daaxloebiT
48%. moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis mxolod 9%-is naweri SeiZleba
CaiTvalos Zalian karg namuSevrad.
perifrazis, e. w. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis (mefe da mxatvari da ori
megobari) weras moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 43%-ma Tavi
ver gaarTva. saSualo safexurze moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 9%-ma
SeZlo Sesatyvisi leqsikiTa da met-naklebad srulad, vrclad gadmoeca
wakiTxulis Sinaarsi. saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavleTa
saSualod 34%-ma mTlianobaSi cxadad, gasagebad gadmosca wakiTxuli
teqstis Sinaarsi. es weriTi davaleba srulyofilad daiZlia maRal
safexurze _ perifrazisas sworad aris gamoyenebuli rTuli sintaqsuri
konstruqciebi (Serwymuli da rTuli winadadebebi) da naweri mTlianad
57
sworad aris dayofili abzacebad. es moaxerxa moswavleTa saSualod
14%-ma.
amgvarad, perifrazs ver axerxebs moswavleTa daaxloebiT 40%.
danarCeni raodenobidan mxolod 14% arTmevs Tavs kargad am davalebas.
yofiT Temaze werilis, baraTis Sedgena saSualoze dabal
safexurze moswavleebma ver moaxerxes. saSualosa da saSualoze maRal
safexurze moswavleebma erTnairad daZlies es samuSao. MmoswavleTa
saSualod 63%-ma Seasrula davaleba _ nawers met-naklebad misca
baraTis forma. saSualod 52%-ma werili daiwyo mimarTviT. maRal
safexurze moswavleebma baraTSi mimarTva gamoyves sasveni niSniT (9%-ma).
baraTis bolos sakuTari saxeli miuTiTa moswavleTa 18%-ma.
amgvarad, yofiT Temaze baraTis Sedgena ar SeuZlia moswavleTa
daaxloebiT 37%-s. damakmayofilebelia saSualod 50%-is naweri. baraTs
srulyofili formiT wers moswavleTa 13%.
davaleba _ yofiTi Tematikis farglebSi aRwera _ moswavleebma ver
SeZles saSualoze dabal safexurze. saSualo safexurze moswavleebma
mTlianad Seasrules miTiTebuli davaleba (66%-ma); saSualoze maRal
safexurze moswavleTa saSualod 35%-ma moaxerxa aRwera leqsikur-
semantikuri wesebis dacviT; ucxo sityvaTa marTlweris wesebis dacva
SeZlo moswavleTa saSualod 28%-ma. mxolod maRal safexurze
moswavleTa saSualod 12%-ma SeZlo mocemuli davalebis barbarizmebis
gareSe dawera.
amgvarad, yofiT Tematikis farglebSi weriTi metyveleba
moswavleTa 34%-Si saerTod ar aris Camoyalibebuli. davaleba
damakmayofileblad Seasrula saSualod 54%. moswavleTa mxolod 12%
axerxebs azris gadmocemas barbarizmebis gamoyenebis gareSe, sufTa
qarTuliT.
sagangebod SevCerdebiT weriT metyvelebaSi enis siwmindis
sakiTxze. weriTi davalebebi yofiT Temebze (samzareulo da sastumro
oTaxi, zafxulisa da zamTris samosi) miznad isaxavda swored
barbarizmebisa da dialeqtizmebis gamovlenas. gamoirkva, rom moswavleTa
saSualod 78% mcire moculobis teqstSic ki qarTuli sityvebis
nacvlad barbarizmebs iyenebs. moswavleTa am raodenobas ematebian
isinic, romelTa nawerSi barbarizmis gamoyenebis mxolod erTi
58
SemTxvavaa gamovlenili _ moswavleTa saSualod 11%. rac Seexeba im
weriT davalebebs, sadac TiTqos arc iyo mosalodneli amgvari
Secdomebi (vgulisxmobT wakiTxulis Sinaarss, magaliTad, esopes igav-
araks ori megobari), aqac ki moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 13%-ma
barbarizmebi gamoiyena. Tavisufali Temis (Cemi sayvareli weliwadis
dro) werisas am saxis Secdomebi dauSva moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
36%-ma. rac Seexeba dialeqtizmebs, yofiTi Tematikis farglebSi
Secdomebi aqvs moswavleTa saSualod 22%-s, wakiTxulis Sinaarsis
gadmocemisas _ 16%-s, xolo Tavisufal TemaSi _ 36%-s. weriTi
metyvelebis Semowmebis Sedegad miRebuli am monacemebis mixedviT
zogadad SeiZleba warmovidginoT, Tu rogor aris barbarizmebiTa da
dialeqtizmebiT damZimebuli moswavleTa sasaubro enac.
Mkvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom meqanikuri (asos, sityvis
gamotoveba an gameoreba), agreTve grafikuli (sarkiseburi Tanxmovnebis
areva) Secdomebis sakiTxi dawyebiT klasebSi jer kidev ar aris
mogvarebuli. MmoswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 60% mcire
moculobis weriT davalebaSi rogorc Txzulebis, ise wakiTxulis
Sinaarsis werisas uSvebs meqanikur Secdomebs, MamaTgan 40% _ erTze
mets. rac Seexeba grafikul Secdomebs, aq Sedegi davalebaTa mixedviT
sxvadasxvanairia: mocemuli teqstis perifrazisas Secdomebs uSvebs
moswavleTa saSualod 19%, xolo Txzulebis werisas gacilebiT meti _
39%. Aamgvari Secdomebi erTi naweris farglebSi ZiriTadad erTze
metia.35
zemoT ganxiluli monacemebis analizis ganzogadebis Sedegad
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom dRes qarTuli skolebis moswavleTa TiTqmis
naxevari weris sferoSi ver akmayofilebs im moTxovnebs, rasac skola
maT winaSe ayenebs. moswavleTa es nawili ver axerxebs verc perifrazs,
verc Tavisufal producirebas. moswavleTa meore naxevari am amocanas
Tavs arTmevs nawilobriv, garkveuli xarvezebiT. xolo moswavleTa
35 sarkiseburi Tanxmovnebis aRrevasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa fsiqologiur
mecnierebaTa kandidatis, asakobrivi da pedagogiuri fsiqologiis kaTedris gamgis m.
mirianaSvilis azri, romlis mixedviTac es movlena ar aris dadebiT korelaciaSi
moswavleTa miRwevis donesTan da bavSvis garkveul neiro-fsiqologiur problemebs
ukavSirdeba.
59
mcire nawili, maqsimum 12-13%, srulyofilad flobs weriTi metyvelebis
unars.
I. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (Tavisufali Temebi: Cemi saukeTeso megobari /
Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro; perifrazi: mefe da mxatvari da ori
megobari)
qulebi 0 1
2
3
naweris sisrule davaleba ar
aris
Sesrulebuli
naweri
SinaarsiT
davalebis
Seusabamoa
Sinaarsi
nawilobriv
aris
gadmocemuli
Sinaarsi
srulyofilad
aris
gadmocemuli
Temis gaSla,
gavrcoba
gavrcobilia
mxolod erTi
an arc erTi
sakiTxi
Tema
nawilobriv
aris gaSlili
yvela sakiTxi
gavrcobilia
Aazris sicxade orze meti
winadadebis
azri
bundovania
mxolod erTi-
ori azria
bundovani
yvela
winadadebis
azri gasagebia
adekvaturi
leqsika
darRveva
erTze metia
gvxvdeba
mxolod erTi
darRveva
leqsika
Sesatyvisia
sintaqsi
(Serwymuli
winadadeba)
Serwymul
winadadebas
ar iyenebs
iyenebs, magram
punqtuacia
arasworia
iyenebs sworad
sintaqsi (rTuli
winadadeba)
rTul
winadadebas
ar iyenebs
iyenebs, magram
punqtuacia
arasworia
iyenebs sworad
originaluroba uferulia,
mwiria
rigiTia originaluria
Aabzaci abzaci ar
aris
gamoyenebuli
abzaci
gamoyenebulia
Txrobis
dasawyisSi
naweri
mTlianad
sworadaa
dayofili
abzacebad
60
1. Cemi saukeTeso megobari / Cemi sayvareli weliwadis dro (empiriuli monacemebi)
qulebi 0 1
2
3
Nnaweris sisrule
Temis gaSla,
gavrcoba
55
79
32
18
13
3
azris sicxade 29
40
19
12
52
47
adekvaturi
leqsika
33
41
13
8
54
51
sintaqsi
(Serwymuli
winadadeba)
53
59
29
25
18
16
sintaqsi (rTuli
winadadeba)
44
43
48
47
9
10
originaluroba 63
65
32
32
5
3
Aabzaci
2. `mefe da mxatvari~ / `ori megobari~ (perifrazi).
qulebi 0 1
2
3
naweris sisrule 9
10
4
5
32
25
54
60
azris sicxade 22
22
32
28
46
50
adekvaturi
leqsika
27
23
14
17
59
60
sintaqsi
(Serwymuli
winadadeba)
46
32
39
45
15
24
sintaqsi (rTuli
winadadeba)
15
16
74
71
11
13
originaluroba
61
Aabzaci
40 46 40 42 20 12
II. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (baraTi axlobels / mosawvevi baraTi)
qulebi 0 1 2
naweris forma davaleba ar aris
Sesrulebuli
naweri davalebis
Seusabamoa
forma misaRebia
mimarTva mimarTva ar aris baraTi iwyeba
mimarTviT
punqtuacia
mimarTvasTan
mimarTva ar aris sasveni niSani ar
aris mimarTvasTan
sasveni niSani
sworad aris
dasmuli
baraTis avtoris
miTiTeba
avtori
miTiTebuli ar
aris
avtori
miTiTebulia
mTavari
informacia
mTavari
informacia
gamotovebulia
mTavari
informacia
mocemulia
3. empiriuli monacemebi (baraTi axlobels / mosawvevi baraTi)
qulebi 0 1 2 naweris forma
11
18
26
20
64
62 mimarTva
46
49
54
51
punqtuacia
mimarTvasTan 46
49
45
41
9
10baraTis avtoris
miTiTeba 82
83
18
17
mTavari
informacia 47
37
53
63
62
III. Sefasebis kriteriumebi (samzareulo da sastumro oTaxi/ zafxulisa
da zamTris samosi)
qulebi 0 1 2
sisrule davaleba ar aris
Sesrulebuli
Sesrulebulia
nawilobriv
srulad aris
Sesrulebuli
leqsikur-
semantikuri wesebi
Secdomebia aris erTi
darRveva
wesebi daculia
barbarizmebi erTze metia erTia saerTod ar aris
dialeqtizmebi erTze metia erTia saerTod ar aris
ucxo sityvaTa
marTlwera
Secdomebia Secdoma erTia marTlweris wesebi
daculia
4. samzareulo da sastumro oTaxi / zafxulisa da zamTris samosi
(empiriuli monacemebi)
qulebi 0 1 2
sisrule 22
17
12
17
66
66leqsikur-
semantikuri
wesebi
51
56
11
10
38
35barbarizmebi 66
89
16
5
18
6dialeqtizmebi 23
21
4
4
73
74ucxo sityvaTa
marTlwera 39
65
22
17
39
18
63
4. gramatika
gramatikis testi Seesabameba Tanamedrove qarTuli enis gramatikisa
da marTlweris im sakiTxebs, romelTa swavlebac II-IV klasebis
saxelmZRvaneloebiT36 da klasSi mimdinare praqtikuli muSaobiT aris
gaTvaliswinebuli.
4. 1. testis aRwera
moswavleTa codnisa da marTlweris Cvevebis Sesamowmeblad
Sedgenilia testis ori Tvisebrivad Tanabari varianti. TiToeuli
Seicavs 54 testur kiTxvasa da davalebas (sul _ 108).
testSi kiTxvaTa da davalebaTa 11 Tematuri jgufi gamoiyofa:
I. metyvelebis nawilTa aRmniSvneli terminebis codna:
1. sityvisa da Sesabamisi gramatikuli terminis (arsebiTi saxeli,
zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, zmna, zmnizeda) identificireba
(davalebebi: 18, 18’, 19, 19’).
II. arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli codna:
1. ,,vin~ da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi;
,,ra~ kiTxviTi sityvis marTebuli gamoyeneba (davaleba 9, 9’);
2. arsebiTi saxelebis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi
(davaleba 21a, 21’a);
3. TanxmovanfuZiani arsebiTi saxelis bruneba; terminebis (brunvaTa
saxelwodebebis) codna da brunvis niSanTa marTlwera:
a) brunvaTa saxelwodebebis (moqmedebiTi, viTarebiTi) identificireba
(davalebebi: 3, 3’, 4, 4’);
b) viTarebiT brunvasTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera (davalebebi: 5a, 5’a);
36 gramatikis saswavlo kursi calke wignebad axlavs v. ramiSvilis redaqciiT Sedgenil
III-IV klasebis mSobliuri enis saxelmZRvaneloebs, sadac gramatikis kursi sistemuri
saxiT aris warmodgenili da moicavs gramatikis Teoriis sakiTxebs. v. rodonaias
redaqciiT Sedgenil saxelmZRvaneloebSi literaturisa da gramatikis kursi
integrirebulia da yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ama Tu im sakiTxis praqtikul codnaze.
cxadia, gramatikis testis Sedgenisas saxelmZRvaneloTa es specifika gaTvaliswinebuli
iyo.
64
g) moTxrobiTsa da micemiT brunvebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera
(davaleba 7, 7’);
d) TanxmovanfuZian sakuTar saxelTa marTlweris normebis praqtikuli
codna (davaleba 10 a, b, 10’a, b);
e) sakuTari saxelis mimarTvis formis marTlweris praqtikuli codna
(davaleba 11, 11’);
4. arsebiTi saxelis ricxvisa da simravlis aRmniSvneli sityvis
korelacia (davaleba 15, 15’).
III. piris nacvalsaxelis funqciis codna da marTlwera:
1. mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis
marTlwera (davaleba 8a, b, 8’a, b).
IV. ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera:
1. arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis
sworad SerCeva (davaleba 16a, b, 16’a, b).
V. zmnizedasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:
1. drois, adgilisa da viTarebis zmnizedebis nimuSebisTvis
Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvis SerCeva (davaleba 20a, b, g, 20a, b, g);
2. viTarebis zmnizedis marTlwera (davaleba 5b, 5’b, 6, 6’).
VI. rTuli sityvis marTlwera:
1. defisiani kompozitebis marTlwera (davaleba 12, 12’);
2. fuZeSerwymuli kompozitebis marTlwera (davaleba 13, 13’).
VII. zmnasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:
1. zmnis uRleba:
a) pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~ xmovnebiTa da ,,v~
TanxmovniT dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi (davaleba 1a, b, g, 1’a, b, g);
b) pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~ xmovnebiTa da ,,v~
TanxmovniT dawyebul zmniswinian zmnebSi (davaleba 1d, v, 1’d, v);
g) ,,aR~ zmniswiniani zmnebis pirveli piris formebis marTlweris
praqtikuli codna (davaleba 1e, 1’e);
65
2. zmnis dro:
a) kiTxvebis daxmarebiT droTa SeTanxmeba winadadebasa da teqstSi
(davaleba 22, 22’);
b) warsul droSi ,,nen~ bolosarTis gamoyenebis praqtikuli codna
(davaleba 2a, b, g, 2’a, b, g);
3. ricxvSi monacvle zmnebis formebis (zis - sxedan, jdeba – sxdebian...)
praqtikuli codna (davaleba 14a, b, 14’a, b);
4. zmniswinTa funqciis codna; zmniswinisa da Tandebulis (-ze, -Si)
korelacia (praqtikuli codna) (17a, b, 17’a, b);
5. zmnis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi (21b, 21’ b).
VIII. winadadebis mTavari wevrebi:37
1. qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis amocnoba (davaleba 21 g, d, 21’ g, d).
IX. kiTxviTi winadadeba:
1. kiTxvis niSnis funqciis codna da kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi
winadadebis ageba (davaleba 23, 23’).
X. punqtuaciis normebis dacva:
1. wertilis, kiTxvis niSnisa da Zaxilis niSnis wesisamebr dasma;
gamaerTianebeli sityvis Semdeg orwertilis dasma;
erTgvari wevrebis mZimiT gamoyofa; winadadebaSi mimarTvis gamoyofa
(davaleba: 24 a, b, 24’ a, b);
2. saTauris brWyalebSi Casma (davaleba 25, 25’)
XI. qarTuli anbani:
1. asoebis saxelwodebaTa codna (davaleba 26, 26’).
37 oTxwledSi winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebare da Semasmeneli, iswavleba
saxelmZRvaneloTi _ qarTuli ena, III da IV klasebi, v. ramiSvilis red., romelic amave
avtoris redaqciiT Sedgenil mSobliuri enis saxelmZRvanelos axlavs. Sesabamisad, am
masalis codna Semowmda mxolod im moswavleTa namuSevrebis mixedviT, romlebic
dasaxelebuli ori wigniT swavloben mSobliur enas. v. rodonaias redaqciiT Sedgenili
saxelmZRvanelo dawyebiT klasebSi am sakiTxis Seswavlas miznad ar isaxavs.
66
4. 2. miRwevis doneebi:
saSualoze dabali safexuri
saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleebma daZlies mxolod is
testuri davaleba, romelic moiTxovs zmnis pirveli piris formis mesame
pirSi gadayvanas. zmnis warsuli drois formebSi am moqmedebis
Catarebisas, saSualoze dabal safexurze moswavleTa nawilma daicva
marTlweris wesic da sworad gamoiyena III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis
niSani –nen; (maT ar dauSves dialeqtis zegavleniT mosalodneli
Secdoma, swori formis -en bolosarTiT Canacvleba). Sesabamisad,
miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze gramatikisa da marTlweris
am wess met-naklebad icaven moswavleebi da am safexurze daZleulia 4
testuri davaleba (2a, b; 2’b, g).
aSkaraa, saSualoze dabal safexurze gramatikis testis daZleuli
masala minimaluria da, faqtobrivad, misi Sesruleba mSobliur enaSi
moswavlisagan gramatikaSi ganswavlas arc moiTxovs.
saSualoze dabali safexuri
moswavles SeuZlia:
- zmnis pirveli piris formebis mesame pirSi
gadayvana;
- III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnis (-nen)
marTlwera.
67
nimuSi
gadaiyvane zmnebi pirveli piridan mesame pirSi:
a) Cven vsaubrobT. isini saubroben,
b) Cven navSi CavsxediT. isini navSi Casxdnen.
g) Cven gvian gavemgzavreT. isini gvian gaemgzavrnen.
saSualo safexuri
saSualo safexurze moswavle testuri kiTxvebisa da davalebebis
Sesrulebisas nawilobriv avlens da iyenebs im codnas, romelic mas am
sferoSi aqvs miRebuli oTxwledSi swavlisas. es exeba, ZiriTadad,
arsebiT saxels, piris nacvalsaxels da zmnas. moswavles SeuZlia ,,vin~
da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebis garCeva; avlens marTlweris wesebis
garkveul codnas arsebiTi saxelis brunebisas da zmnis uRlebisas;
aseve, met-naklebad axerxebs testur davalebebSi mocemuli TxrobiTi
winadadebis amocnobas da wertilis dasmas.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic moswavleebma
saSualo safexurze daZlies.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (9, 9’) mixedviT, moswavlem unda
amoicnos arsebiTi saxelis Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityva. am davalebis
saSualebiT mowmdeba, arCevs Tu ara moswavle arsebiTi saxelis vin da
ra jgufebs. davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
56%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri kiTxva (5 a, b; 5’ a, b) amowmebs arsebiTi saxelis
viTarebiTi brunvis formisa da viTarebis zmnizedis marTlweras.
moswavleebma mocemuli sityvebi swori formiT (orTqlad, msubuqad)
68
unda Casvan winadadebebSi. es davaleba daZlia moswavleTa 69%-ma da
65%-ma.38
nimuSi 3 _ testuri davalebis (1 a, b; 1’ a, b) mixedviT, moswavles
evaleba, zmnebis III piris formebi gadaiyvanos I pirSi. mowmdeba pirveli
piris niSnis (v- TavsarTis) darTva o- da u- xmovnebiT dawyebul
uzmniswino zmnebSi. es davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa 52%-ma da
58%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri davalebis (24 a, e) mixedviT, moswavlem unda
dasvas gamotovebuli wertili teqstSi, romelic ori TxrobiTi
winadadebisagan Sedgeba. saSualo safexurze es davaleba Sesrulda
mxolod nawilobriv. wertili teqstis bolos, meore winadadebis
dasasruls, dasva moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 54%-ma.39
SeniSvna: TxrobiTi winadadebis bolos wertilis dasma gacilebiT
gauZneldaT moswavleebs weriTi davalebebis Sesrulebisas.
damoukideblad Txzulebis SeTxzvisas Tu wakiTxuli teqstis
perifrazis dros moswavleTa mxolod 16,5% axerxebs TxrobiTi
winadadebis bolos wertilis dasmas.
38 testuri kiTxva, romelic moswavlisagan moiTxovs gramatikuli terminebis codnas
(Casvi saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgari arsebiTi saxeli viTarebiT brunvaSi: rveuli - _____)
moswavleebma daZlies mxolod saSualoze maRal safexurze (34%). 39 am davalebis mixedviT, Sua teqstSi, pirveli winadadebis bolos wertili dasva
moswavleTa 25%-ma.
69
saSualo safexuri
moswavlem met-naklebad icis da SeuZlia:
- ,,vin~ da ,,ra~ jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi; ,,ra~ kiTxviTi sityvis
marTebuli gamoyeneba;
- brunvebTan (moTxrobiTi, micemiTi, viTarebiTi) dakavSirebuli
marTlwera;
- piris nacvalsaxelis funqcia; mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis
nacvalsaxelis saxelobiTi brunvis formis (isini) marTlwera;
- zmnis uRleba: pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,o~, ,,u~
xmovnebiT dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi; III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis
niSnis (-nen) marTlwera;
- zmniswinebisa (da-, Ca-) da Tandebulebis (-ze, -Si) urTierTkavSiri
(praqtikuli codna);
- TxrobiTi winadadeba; wertilis wesisamebr dasma.
70
nimuSi 1
gaixsene kiTxviTi sityvebi: `vin~, `ra~...
Secvale arsebiTi saxeli Sesaferisi kiTxviTi sityviT da Cawere:
kurdRelma stafilo SeWama.
ramGSeWama stafilo?
nimuSi 2
winadadebebSi sworad Casvi mocemuli sityvebi:
orTqli
wyali orTqlad iqca.
msubuqi
Bpepela msubuqad afrinda.
nimuSi 3
gadaiyvane zmnebi mesame piridan pirvel pirSi:
a) is ocnebobs.
me vocnebob.
b) is uambobs.
me vuambob.
71
nimuSi 4
dasvi gamorCenili sasveni niSnebi:
a) patara frinvels Cits vuwodebT didi frinvelebia
arwivi mimino qori.
saSualoze maRali safexuri
saSualoze maRal safexurze moswavle avlens oTxwledis
Sesabamisi gramatikis kursis codnas. mas, ZiriTadad, aTvisebuli aqvs
gramatikis kursis is nawili, romelic morfologias ukavSirdeba. met-
naklebad sworad asrulebs im davalebebsac, romlebic arsebiT
saxelTan, zmnasTan da zmnizedasTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris
normebis praqtikul codnas moiTxovs. aseve, met-naklebad axerxebs
testur davalebebSi mocemuli winadadebebis Sinaarsis amocnobas da
sasveni niSnebis sworad dasmas.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic moswavleebma
am safexurze daZlies.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davaleba (11) amowmebs sakuTari saxelis
mimarTvis formis marTlweras. es 2-quliani davaleba daZlia
moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis maqsimum 33%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (12) amowmebs kompozitis marTlweras.
moswavles evaleba, mocemul winadadebaSi amoicnos Secdoma da
kompoziti (mindor-veli) sworad daweros. es davaleba sworad Seasrula
moswavleTa 28%-ma.
nimuSi 3 – testuri kiTxva (19) amowmebs, icis Tu ara moswavlem
gramatikuli termini (zmna) da SeuZlia Tu ara Sesabamisi metyvelebis
72
nawilis amocnoba. am arCeviT testur kiTxvas sworad upasuxa
moswavleTa 32%-ma40.
nimuSi 4 – testuri davaleba (22) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles, gadaitanos teqsti awmyo drodan warsulSi da winadadebebi
droSi SeaTanxmos. niSandoblivia, rom awmyodan warsul droSi pirveli
winadadeba gadaitana moswavleTa 39%-ma. es davaleba mTlianad sworad
Seaserula (e. i. teqstSi zmnebi droSi SeaTanxma) moswavleTa maqsimum
34%-ma.
nimuSi 5 _ testuri davalebis (20a, b, g) mixedviT, moswavlem
mocemul zmnizedebs unda miuweros Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvebi. es
davaleba sworad Seasrula moswavleTa saSualod 29%-ma.
40 moswavleTa 30%-ma zmna gamravlda ricxviT saxelad miiCnia.
73
saSualoze maRali safexuri
moswavlem met-naklebad icis da SeuZlia:
- qarTuli anbani: asoebis saxelwodebebi;
- sityvisa da Sesabamisi gramatikuli terminis (arsebiTi
saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli, zmna) identificireba;
- brunvaTa saxelwodebebis (moqmedebiTi, viTarebiTi)
identificireba;
- viTarebiT brunvasTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera;
- TanxmovanfuZian sakuTar saxelTa moTxrobiTisa da
micemiTis formebis marTlweris normebi;
- sakuTari saxelis mimarTvis formis marTlwera;
- arsebiTi saxelis ricxvisa da simravlis aRmniSvneli
sityvis korelacia;
- arsebiTi saxelebis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi;
- mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis
moTxrobiTi brunvis formiT (maT) marTebuli gamoyeneba;
- drois, adgilisa da viTarebis zmnizedebis nimuSebisTvis
Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityvis SerCeva;
- rTuli sityvis _ defisiani da fuZeSerwymuli kompozitebis
_ marTlwera;
- zmnis pirveli piris formebis marTlwera o- da u- xmovnebiT
dawyebul uzmniswino zmnebSi;
- droTa SeTanxmeba winadadebasa da teqstSi;
- zmnis amocnoba gavrcobil winadadebaSi;
- sasveni niSnebi: wertilis, kiTxvis niSnisa da Zaxilis niSnis
wesisamebr dasma; gamaerTianebeli sityvis Semdeg orwertilis
dasma; winadadebaSi mimarTvis gamoyofa.
74
nimuSi 1
winadadebaSi sworad Cawere mocemuli saxelebi:
nugzari da levani
nugzar da levan, gaaReT WiSkari!
nimuSi 2
am winadadebaSi erTi Secdomaa! İipove da sworad dawere es
sityva:
mindorveli mwvaned bibinebda.
mindor-veli
nimuSi 3
Semoxaze, CamoTvlilTagan romels miekuTvneba sityva
,,gamravlda~?
* a. zmnebs;
b. zmnizedebs;
g. ricxviT saxelebs.
nimuSi 4
gadaiyvane monaTxrobi warsul droSi ise, rom zmnebi
pasuxobdes kiTxvas: r a q n a ?
mze amodis, vardi iSleba, Rrubeli ifanteba.
mze amovida, vardi gaiSala, Rrubeli gaifanta.
75
nimuSi 5
miuwere Sesabamisi kiTxviTi sityva:
a. SarSan – rodis?
b. maRla – sad?
g. nela _ rogor?
maRali safexuri
maRal safexurze moswavleebma, faqtobrivad, daZlies
gramatikis testi. maT, garda morfologiis sakiTxebisa, gamoavlines
sintaqsis sakiTxebis codnac: amoicnes winadadebis mTavari wevrebi
(qvemdebare, Semasmeneli); aages kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi winadadeba;
gamoavlines saTauris brWyalebSi Casmis wesis codna; aseve, SeZles:
arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis
marTebulad SerCeva; pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,v~ TanxmovniT
dawyebul zmniswinian zmnebSi (Cveulebriv, amgvar SemTxvevebSi,
metyvelebisas mkafiod ar ismis piris niSani, amitomac sworad wera
gramatikuli wesis kargad codnasac avlens). am safexurze SeZles, aseve
marTlweris normis dacva aR- zmniswinisa da pirveli piris niSnis (v-
TavsarTis) erTad Tavmoyrisas.
nimuSebi 1, 2, 3, 4 is testuri davalebebia, romlebic maRal
safexurze daZlies moswavleebma.
nimuSi 1 _ testuri davalebis (14’ a, b) mixedviT, moswavlem
sworad unda Seunacvlos erTmaneTs ricxvSi monacvle zmnebi (jdeba –
sxdebian; zis – sxedan). davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleTa
saerTo raodenobis 8%-ma.
nimuSi 2 _ testuri davaleba (16 a, b) amowmebs, SeuZlia Tu ara
moswavles arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli rigobiTi ricxviTi
saxelisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis sworad SerCeva (me-6; 21-e); es davaleba
daZlia moswavleebis saSualod 11%-ma.
76
nimuSi 3 _ testuri davaleba (21 g, d) moiTxovs, moswavlem
amoicnos da amoweros mocemuli martivi gavrcobili winadadebis
qvemdebare (xem) da Semasmeneli (gaidga). qvemdebare sworad amowera
moswavleTa 14%-ma, xolo Semasmeneli _ 24%-ma.
nimuSi 4 _ testuri davaleba (25) amowmebs, SeZlebs Tu ara
moswavle, amoicnos saTauri da aRadginos gamotovebuli brWyalebi.
davaleba uSecdomod Seasrula moswavleebis 10%-ma.
77
maRali safexuri
moswavleebma mxolod am safexurze SeZles:
- gramatikuli terminis _ zmnizedis _ identificireba;
- ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera: arabuli cifrebiT gamosaxuli
rigobiTisTvis TavsarT-bolosarTis sworad SerCeva;
- ricxvSi monacvle zmnebis formebis (zis - sxedan, jdeba –
sxdebian...) sworad gamoyeneba;
- winadadebis mTavari wevrebis, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis
amocnoba;
- kiTxviTsityviani kiTxviTi winadadebis ageba;
- saTauris brWyalebSi Casma;
- pirveli piris formebis marTlwera ,,v~ TanxmovniT dawyebul
zmniswinian zmnebSi.
nimuSi 1
gadaiyvane mxolobiTidan mravlobiT
ricxvSi:
a) bavSvi jdeba. bavSvebi sxdebian .
b) qali zis. qalebi sxedan .
nimuSi 2
Cawere ricxviTi saxeli arabuli
cifrebis (6 da 21) gamoyenebiT:
a) meeqvse ( me-6 ).
b) ocdameerTe ( 21-e ).
78
nimuSi 3
daakvirdi winadadebas:
muxis xem fesvi Rrmad gaidga.
g) amowere qvemdebare: xem
d) amowere Semasmeneli: gaidga
nimuSi 4
erT-erT winadadebaSi gamorCenilia
brWyalebi.
dasvi brWyalebi iq, sadac saWiroa:
wiqara bavSvebis sayvareli gmiria.
`wiqara~ bavSvebis sayvareli zRaparia.
* * *
gramatikis sferoSi miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurze
aRmoCnda moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 20% (ix. diagr. ?).
es safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 78%-ma.
am statistikuri monacemis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis danarCeni 22% saerTod ver avlens
gramatikis sferoSi oTxwledis Sesabamisi kursis codnas (ix. diagr. ?).
amasTan, is masalac, romelic saSualoze dabali safexuris Sesabamisi
aRmoCnda, Zalze mcirea da, ZiriTadad, mSobliuri enis gramatikuli
normebis bunebriv codnas ukavSirdeba da ar aris swavlebis Sedegad
SeZenili. saSualoze dabal safexurs Seesabameba testuri kiTxvebisa da
davalebebis 4, 6% _ 108-dan 5 kiTxva (ix. diagr. ?).
statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, saSualo safexuri mTlianad
gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis saSualod 58%-ma. maTgan
moswavleTa 23% miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze aRmoCnda (ix.
79
diagr.?). mTeli masalis 24% _ 108-dan 26 testuri kiTxva sirTuliT
miRwevis donis am safexurs Seesabameba (ix. diagr.?). aqedan gamomdinare,
saSualo safexurze myofma moswavleebma SeZles gramatikis sferoSi
garkveuli codnis gamovlena.
saSualoze maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis saSualod 35%-ma. maTgan moswavleTa 19% aRmoCnda miRwevis
donis am safexurze (ix. diagr. ?). sirTulis doniT saSualoze maRal
safexurs Seesabameba 108-dan 56 testuri kiTxva da davaleba _ mTeli
masalis 52% (ix. diagr. ?). am safexurze myofi moswavleebi avlenen
gramatikuli masalis damakmayofilebel, rig SemTxvevebSi ki _ karg
codnas
miRwevis donis maRali safexuri gadalaxa moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis saSualod 16%-ma. am safexurs sirTuliT Seefardeba 22
testuri kiTxva da davaleba, rac mTeli masalis 20%-s Seadgens. maRal
safexurze moswavleebma moaxeres gramatikis testis mTlianad daZleva _
maT gamoavlines oTxwledis Sesabamisi gramatikuli masalis
srulyofili codna.
eqspertTa azriT, gramatikis testis didi nawili moswavleTaTvis
advilad dasaZlevi unda yofiliyo. es varaudi gansxvavdeba realuri
Sedegisagan. rogorc Cans, eqspertebma miiCnies, rom mSobliuri enis
gramatikuli normebis bunebriv codnas gamoavlenda moswavleTa didi
nawili, maT Soris e.w. susti moswavleebic. realuri suraTis mixedviT
cxadi xdeba, rom mSobliuri enis swavlebis am sferoSi mniSvnelovani
xarvezebia da swavlebis meTodi aSkarad moiTxovs gadasinjvas.
80
diagrama
moswavleTa miRwevebi
(gramatika)
20
22
16
19
23
dabali
saSualoze dabali
saSualosaSualoze maRali
maRali diagrama
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
saS.dabali
saSualo
saS.maRali
maRali
miRwevis doneebi
Sesabamisi masala
81
sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi
saxelmwifo Sefasebis Sedegebis statistikuri analizis mizani iyo
saswavlo procesze iseTi faqtorebis gavlenaTa warmoCena, rogoricaa
sacxovrebeli adgili (qalaqi/ sofeli; bari /mTiani regioni), qarTuli
enis alternatiuli saxelmZRvaneloebi (v. ramiSvilis red. / v. rodonaias
red.) da moswavlis sqesi (gogona/biWi).
gamovlinda, rom oTxwledis farglebSi yvela sfero _ kiTxva,
leqsika, gramatika da wera _ ukeTesad daZlies gogonebma (ix.
diagramebi///////////////). biWebs gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT wakiTxulis
Sinaarsis dawera da Tavisufali Temis SeTxzva, anu iseTi weriTi
davalebebi, sadac moswavles moeTxoveba Txroba mdidari leqsikuri
maragis gamoyenebiT. xarvezs leqsikis sferoSi adasturebs uSualod
leqsikis, agreTve, kiTxvis testebis Sedegebic. weriTi davalebebi,
romlebic mocemuli miTiTebis mixedviT informaciis logikurad
gadmocemas, agreTve yofiTi situaciis aRweras moiTxovda moswavleTagan,
gogonebma da biWebma erTnairad Seasrules.
rac Seexeba sacxovrebel adgils, miRwevaTa done yvela sferos
mixedviT sofelTan da mTis regionTan SedarebiT gacilebiT maRalia
qalaqsa da barSi (ix. diagramebi /////////////////////). niSandoblivia, rom
maRalmTian regionebsa da soflebSi mcxovreb moswavleebs
gansakuTrebiT gauWirdaT sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebis gaazreba.
leqsikis, kiTxvis da weris sferoebi ukeTesad daZlies im
moswavleebma, romlebic dawyebiT klasebSi mSobliur enas swavloben v.
rodonaias redaqciiT Sedgenili saxelmZRvaneloTi. kerZod, Sedegi
ukeTesia sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebisa da Tanamedrove sabavSvo
moTxrobis gaazrebisas (ix. diagramebi /////////////). gramatikis sferoSi ki
TiTqmis erTnairia Sedegi orive saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT (ix. diagrama
///).
82
daskvna
saxelmwifo Sefasebis Sedegad gamovlinda, realurad ra codna da
unar-Cvevebi SeiZina moswavlem oTxi wlis manZilze dRevandel skolaSi.
saswavlo procesis Sefasebam gviCvena, rom Semowmebuli sami sferos
(kiTxvis, leqsikis, gramatikis) Sedegebis mixedviT, dRes qveyanaSi
swavlebis pirveli etapis, oTxwledis dasrulebisas, moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobidan gamoiyofa iseTi 20%, romelsac ara aqvs daZleuli
miRwevis donis saSualoze dabali safexuric ki, rac EniSnavs, rom
moswavleTa es raodenoba ver avlens im moTxovnebis Sesabamisi codnisa
da unaris minimumsac, romelic mis winaSe dRevandel skolaSi dgas
oTxwledis dasrulebisas.
rac Seexeba miRwevis donis saSualoze dabal safexurs, aq
daZleuli masala da SeZenili unar-Cvevebi samive sferoSi imdenad
minimaluria, rom am safexurze myofi moswavleebic, moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis 19%, im 20%-Tan erTad, romelic saSualoze dabal
safexursac ki ver Zlevs, faqtobrivad saswavlo procesis miRma
aRmoCnda. am monacemebis mixedviT, aSkaraa, rom moswavleTa saSualod
39% namdvilad ver SeZlebs daZlios swavlebis Semdgomi etapi (ix. diagr.
5).
diagrama 5
kiTxva, leqsika, gramatika
moswavleTa miRwevebi
(saerTo suraTi)
21
20
20
20
19
dabali
saSualoze dabalisaSualo
saSualoze maRalimaRali
83
suraTs kidev ufro amZimebs weris Sedegis analizi: dRes
oTxwledis dasrulebisas moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis TiTqmis
naxevari, saSualod 48%, ver Zlevs im moTxovnebis minimumsac ki,
romelsac skola mis winaSe ayenebs _ ver axerxebs azris werilobiT
gamoTqmas, saerTod ver asrulebs dawyebiTi skolis tradiciul weriT
davalebebs. A
amgvarad, moswavleTa sakmaod did raodenobas (minimum 39%, maqsimum
48%) swavlis pirveli etapis dasrulebisas ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli is
ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi, romlebsac eyrdnoba Semdgomi saswavlo procesi.
mxedvelobaSi Tu miviRebT im faqts, rom V klasSi sabazo unarebi ukve
Camoyalibebulad aris miCneuli da mkveTrad izrdeba moTxovnebi _
rTuldeba masala mSobliur enaSi, iwyeba ramdenime axali sagnis
swavleba, maSin Zneli warmosadgeni ar unda iyos, Tu ra problemebis
winaSe aRmoCndebian es moswavleebi mexuTe klasSi. AaSkarad Cndeba
saSiSroeba, rom sabazo unarebis ganviTarebis gareSe Seferxdeba
moswavleTa am nawilis pirovnuli ganviTareba da samomavlod
gaZneldeba sazogadoebaSi maTi integrireba.
rogoria miRwevis saSualo done dRevandel skolaSi? gairkva, rom
am safexurze daZleuli masala da Camoyalibebuli unarebi ori,
erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli sferos _ kiTxvisa da leqsikis _
farglebSi damakmayofilebelia. Tumca dasafiqrebelia is faqti, rom am
safexurze moswavleTa mcire raodenoba, mxolod 19-20% aRmoCnda.
sazogadod, saswavlo procesSi dasaxuli ZiriTadi, umTavresi
miznebi da amocanebi ZiriTadad daZleuli unda iyos swored saSualo
safexurze. saSualo safexurze miRweuli warmateba saswavlo procesis
karg maCveneblad iTvleba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saSualo safexurze
misaRwevi miznebi sanaxevrod aris daZleuli, isic sakmaod mcire
raodenobis moswavleTa mier, Tanac mxolod or sferoSi. weris sferoSi
saSualo safexuri TiTqmis ar gamoikveTa. am safexurs Seefardeba
moswavleTa mxolod 3%. es ki niSnavs, rom miRwevis donis mixedviT
leqsikasa da kiTxvaSi saSualo safexurze myof moswavleebs weris
sferoSi mZime mdgomareoba aqvT. AsaSualo safexurze aseve mZime suraTia
gramatikis codnisa da misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTac.
magaliTisTvis: miRwevis donis saSualo safexurze ar aris
84
gamomuSavebuli TxrobiTi winadadebis bolos wertilis dasmis Cvevac ki;
punqtuaciis am ZiriTad wess ver icavs moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis
83%.
Kkvlevis Sedegad cxadad gamoikveTa, rom dRes saswavlo procesi
orientirebulia saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurze myof
moswavleebze. KkiTxvisa daLELleqsikis monacemebis kvlevis Sedegebma
gviCvena, rom saswavlo masalis mniSvnelovani nawili, mTeli moculobis
34,4 - 41,2%, Tavisi sirTuliT Seefardeba swored saSualoze maRalsa da
maRal safexurebs. es masala aTvisebuli aqvs moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis saSualod 41,5%-s.
rac Seexeba gramatikis sferos, Tavisi sirTuliT saSualoze
maRalsa da maRal safexurebs Seefardeba saswavlo masalis gacilebiT
didi nawili _ 72%. es masala aTvisebuli aqvs moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis 35%-s.
weris sferoSic garkveuli miRwevebi moswavleebs aqvT mxolod
saSualoze maRalsa da maRal safexurebze. moswavleTa saerTo
raodenobis saSualod 40% weris sferoSi saswavlo procesis moTxovnebs
Tavs arTmevs, Tumca SeiniSneba garkveuli xarvezebi. moswavleTa mcire
nawili, saerTo raodenobis daaxloebiT 9%, srulyofilad avlens
weriTi metyvelebis unars. amaTgan originalurobiT _ SemoqmedebiTi
unariT, SeTxzvis niWiT _ gamoirCeva moswavleTa 4%.
amgvarad, dRevandel skolaSi oTxwledis dasasruls ikveTeba
Semdegi suraTi: moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevari warmoadgens e. w. sustsa da
Zalian sust moswavleebs, miRwevis saSualo donezea moswavleTa mcire
jgufi; SedarebiT did raodenobas warmoadgenen e. w. kargi da Zlieri
moswavleebi. miRwevis doneebis mixedviT moswavleTa amgvari
polarizacia dRevandel skolaSi saswavlo procesis sakamod did
xarvezze miuTiTebs.
cxadia, aseT pirobebSi unda SemuSavdes iseTi strategia, romelic
xels Seuwyobs miRwevis saSualo safexurze moswavleTa ricxvis
gazrdas da moswavleTa im didi raodenobis Semcirebas, romelic
saSualoze dabal safexurze da mis miRma imyofeba. amasTanave ar unda
85
iyos ugulvebelyofili da uyuradRebod datovebuli saSualoze maRal
da maRal safexurze myofi moswavleebis SesaZlebloba da interesebi.41
41 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. rekomendaciebi.
86
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Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.
6. PIRLS 2001 User Guide for the International Database, Gonzalez, E. J., Kennedy, A.
M., Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.
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Primary Schools, Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Gonzalez, E. J., Kennedy, A. M.,
Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, 2003.
8. PIRLS 2001 Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to Reading Education in the Countries
Participating in IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), Mullis,
I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Kennedy, A. M., Flaherty, C. L., Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston
College, 2002.
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R., Kelly, D. L., Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Sainsbury, M., Chestnut Hill, MA:
Boston College, 2001.
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