sbeg00_4n_1246_000_01

4.3

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL MODELS - DATA

4.3 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

The network and the load The electrical network is modelled under a positive sequence pattern or a full unsymmetrical representation. The voltage at the buses are governed by the algebraic equations I = Y U. Loads are represented by either a non-linear equation as a function of voltage and frequency or by dynamic models using macroblocks ; the dynamic effect of low voltage level tap changers is also modelled. Several loads, with different variation laws, can be modelled on the same bus. Reactive compensators are represented as single elements or as banks.

The asynchronous machines An induction machine may be modelled in two different ways : the complete model in which the dynamics

of the rotoric fluxes are calculated assuming the existence of a double rotor cage;

the simplified model which neglects rotor transients.

The mechanical resistant torque can be modelled with accuracy thanks to the use of the simulation macrolanguage The users can define the induction motor by its external parameters (namplate characteristics) or internal parameters (leakage resistances and reactances). An asynchronous machine can operate either as a motor, or as an alternator.

The transformer The tap positions are explicitly represented. The leakage reactance and the transformer ratio depend on the tap-changer position. The saturation is also modelled. Three winding transformers can be explicitly represented.

The injector A complex power (P,Q), a variable admittance (G,B) or a current (in rectangular or polar coordinates) can be defined as injectors at each node. The mathematical model of those injectors are defined with the macrolanguage. This procedure is used to represent dynamic loads, SVC's, etc... Furthermore, two injectors may be coupled to modelize special serial devices such as FACTS, HVDC lines, etc... Infinite buses are also available.

The substation Coupling devices with zero impedance are available to represent the different bus bars of the substations.

The synchronous alternator The modelling of synchronous machines is done according to Parks classical theory, where the rotor is represented by 4 equivalent windings : the exciter winding and a damper in the direct axis with magnetic coupling between these windings and two dampers in the quadrature axis. The machine internal fluxes have been made sensitive to the system frequency. The saturation of the magnetic circuits may be represented using Shackshafts model. The set-up transformer may also be included in the alternator model. As for the mechanical behaviour of the alternator, rotor movements are described by the rotating masses equation, which relates the mechanical and electrical torques to the variation of rotation speed.

The user can define the alternator by its external parameters (reactances and time constants) or internal parameters (mutual and dispersion inductances, resistances).

The automata An automaton enables to generate an event, according to the state variables values. The equations describing the automata are evaluated after each integration step, based on the value taken by the required state variables.

The following automata are available : overcurrent relay protection; out-of-step relay, tripping the machine in case of loss of

synchronism; automatic tap changer transformer : the automaton

changes the taps to respect a given voltage setpoint inside the dead-band. Mechanism of tap locking is also provided in order to cope with situations of voltage collapses. The control can also be based on the active power through the transformer;

distance protection balanced systems : monitoring both ends of transmission lines , with anti-swing and stage acceleration features;

distance protections unbalanced systems : based on a user given ratio of FORTESCUE impedances, anti-swing, stage acceleration features and individual phase opening;

the frequency load shedding protection; the tripping of a branch based on the measurement of

the transmitted power; the tripping of a machine in case of under or over

voltage measured at a desired bus; the tripping of a machine (synchronous or induction) in

case of under or over speed; the tripping of a machine as the output of a given block

exceeds a given threshold. A field current protection can be modelled by this way;

the detection of system instability, based on angle and speed criteria;

the load-frequency control, for AGC simulation (secondary control);

the generalized wattmetric protection (branch opening or machine tripping on power criterion).



The models of control systems and processes

The user has access to a library of standard models of processes and control systems. He can also create his own models, by using a graphic tool (pre-processor) interactively. Each model is represented by a graphical scheme, the so called macroblock. No FORTRAN coding is required to specify new models of turbines, boilers, controllers, SVC, load, ... The macroblocks are designed on the screen of the workstation, using a large set of elementary blocks to build the block-diagram (see also DATA PREPARATION - Interactive graphic pre-processor for modelling).

The macroblocks corresponding to different generating units or injectors can be coupled to represent the interactions between various power system components : hydro units on a same water column, combined cycles, HVDC lines, etc...

The library of macroblocks contents the following :

IEEE HYDRO SYSTEMS Mechanical-hydraulic speed governor system for

hydro-turbines Approximate linear model of speed governor

system for hydro-turbines

IEEE EXCITATION SYSTEMS Power system stabilizer Terminal voltage transducer and load

compensation elements Field controlled DC commutator exciter with

continuously setting regulators Field controlled alternator rectifier excitation

system High initial response field controlled alternator-

rectifier excitation system Field controlled alternator rectifier system Alternator supplied controller rectifier excitation

system Potential source controlled rectifier excitation

system Compound source rectifier excitation system Compound source controlled rectifier excitation

system Excitation Limiters (under- and overexcitation

Limiters)

IEEE STEAM SYSTEMS Steam system and steam chest for speed

governor Coupling system Mechanical-hydraulic speed governor

system for steam turbines General electric electrohydraulic speed

governor system for steam turbine Westinghouse electrohydraulic speed-

governor system for steam turbine with steam flow feedback

General model for speed-governor systems

Parsons Ltd. : fossil fueled speed-governor for steams turbines

BOILER Boiler : boiler following turbine Boiler : turbine following boiler Boiler : coordinated control

SVC Model of [TCR + FC] and [TCR+TSC+FC],

including current and voltage measurement, regulator, blocking in case of low voltage, delay in thyristors firing instant and smoothing of the control signal.

FACTS Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Inter-phase Power Cpntroller (IPC) Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator

(TCSC)

OTHERS Diesel Engine Voltage regulator with exciter model (AVR+PSS) Classical thermal, nuclear and hydraulic unit

governor and energy system model Gas turbines model

HVDC SYSTEMS HVDC network model (two terminals link) For rectifiers and inverters :

- converter firing and current controller;- current order limiter ; - extinction angle controller ; - master controller ; - power frequency controller ; - load tap changer controller



HVDC systems

Direct current links can be accurately modelled in EUROSTAG in order to simulate multiterminal and dissymetrical HVDC systems.

The static modelling considered in the initial flow programme allows different control modes :

three on the DC side (voltage control, current control, power control), and two on the AC side (minimization of reactive consumption, AC voltage

adjustment) The modelling used in the dynamic simulation programme is based on the concept of coupled macroblocks, specific to EUROSTAG, which allows either to use the standard models of the library or to modify them according to the needs of the user.

The model enables to explore the dynamic performance of a system for load changes, for switching of capacitors and reactors, for load rejection, for recovery from AC and DC faults and commutation failure, and for investigation of control for enhancing the performance of the power system (damping of active power and frequency oscillations).

The DC system is made of two parts :

the conversion stations(at least two) and their associated controllers, the DC network. The controllers of one converter consist generally in the following five elements :

the converter firing and current controller, the current order limiter, the extinction angle controller, the master controller, governing the power flow on the DC system, and the load tap changer controller.

Standard models are available in the macroblocks library.



Unsymmetrical conditions

The introduction in EUROSTAG of unsymmetrical modelling allows the study of power system dynamics including unsymmetrical disturbances or conditions. Realistic and complex scenarios can be simulated or reproduced without the usual approximations.

Typical applications are :

study of power system dynamics following unsymmetrical disturbances; short circuit calculation including unlimited simultaneous unsymmetrical

conditions; relay protection scheme studies.

Power system modelling A Fortescue decomposition is used and requires positive, negative and zero sequence data for :

the lines : model for the 3 sequences with zero sequence mutual coupling data;

the load and compensation devices : the inverse and zero sequence data are of impedance type;

the transformers : the negative sequence model is identical to the positive sequence one, with a conjugate ratio. The zero sequence model is either the classical model (two windings or autotransformer, tertiary winding available, forced or free fluxes), or the generic transformer (unsymmetrical scheme per tap). The windings are delta or star connected, grounded through impedances or not;

the serial element : as a line without shunt element, dedicated to the serial compensation modelling;

the machines (generators and induction motors) : the inverse torque is taken into account in the positive electric torque calculation. The negative and zero sequences are impedances.

Unsymmetrical subsystem embedded into balanced system The power system can be splitted into one or more Fortescue areas, modelled in detail, and non Fortescue areas, including only the positive sequence data. This allows to save computation time and data management efforts, while keeping the required accuracy.



Events associated to unsymmetrical conditions

Multiple disturbances can be applied simultaneously.:

GENERAL LATERAL FAULT SCHEME

The fault is specified by the switch positions and the impedance values. It allows line to line and line to ground faults.

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Z3 Z2 Z1

Z

Ground

Connection node

PHASE OPENING AND CLOSING

One breaker per phase on both ends of each branch

Node 1 Node 2

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

UNSYMMETRICAL SERIAL ELEMENT

This event allows to study for instance a serial compensated line during faulted conditions, with a non linear resistance influence

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Z

Z

Z

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Z1

Z2

Z3

Post-processor The EUROSTAG post-processor offers a full access to the voltage, flows and fault currents per phase or per component (negative, positive, zero) on the whole network.

THE EVENTS


Any incident, manoeuvre or process command happening during a simulation is called an event. An event may be either defined before the simulation begins, or generated by the programme itself through the tripping of an automaton, or introduced interactively by the user during the simulation. The list of events includes the following :

short-circuits : case of the impedance-free short-circuit (at a node - on a line); short-circuit with impedance (at a node - on a line).

closing and tripping of lines or transformers , breakers; coupling and tripping of generators; generator synchronization and motor start-up; network resynchronization; modification of active and reactive loads including loads modelized as

asynchronous motors:

load variation modification of time load evolution

process control : modification of set points in controllers; modification of tap transformer; modification of ULTC transformer; modification to banks and their protective devices; modification of an automatic device parameter or state; exporting of the linearized system; fault clearance.

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


A EUROSTAG run is generally performed in three main steps : Data Preparation, Simulation, and Results Analysis. Each of them is made of the following modules.

The computation modules of the main three steps

DATA PREPARATION

DATACONVERSION(IEEE format

PSS/E format)

GRAPHICDATA EDITION

ONE LINEEDITOR FOR

NETWORK DATAMANAGEMENT

GRAPHIC PRE-PROCESSOR

FOR DYNAMICMODEL INPUT

LIBRARY

COMPUTATION MODULE

INTERACTIVEDYNAMIC

SIMULATION EIGENVALUECOMPUTATION ANDEXPORTING OF THELINEARIZED SYSTEM

COMPUTATION

BATCH DYNAMICSIMULATION

LOADFLOW

RESULTSANALYSIS

LOAD FLOWAND DYNAMICSIMULATIONRESULTS ON

ONE LINEDIAGRAMS

USERSDEFINEDTABULAR

AND CURVEOUTPUTS

GRAPHICPOST-

PROCESSORFOR RESULTS

ANALYSIS

EXPORTOF

RESULTS

AUTOMATIC CLEARING TIMES

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


DATA PREPARATION

Editing simulation data

A dedicated EUROSTAG module is devoted to a user-friendly edition of all the simulation data : the load-flow data (topology, load, generation, network parameters, ...), the dynamic data (characteristics of generators and motors, type and parameters of the controllers, nature of the loads, ...) and the parameters of the simulated scenario (time of events, type of short circuits, trippings, eigenvalues computations,etc ...).

This edition programme is designed allows an easy access to the EUROSTAG formatted data files :

it allows the user to ignore the structure of the files (column, position, format, ...) and avoids any syntactic error;

through a functional grouping of the data, and an explicit definition, it offers a structured and aided data entry;

it allows a cross-access between the relevant files by means of a list of proposed elements.

Interactive graphic pre-processor for modelling

The graphic pre-processor enables the user to get rid of FORTRAN coding, if he wants to create his own models called "macroblock". In the first stage of the macroblocks description, the block diagram of the model is built up graphically and in an interactive way by means of a catalogue of elementary blocks (summer, relays, time constants...).

The topology of the diagram is then given. Finally, the parameters and initial values are defined by either numerical values or by a second (algebraic) block diagram which is only solved during the initialization phase of the simulation.

This procedure is of great help to the engineer who has to design or modify a controller, avoiding any modification of the computer programme. This graphic model input can also be used to design such components as SVC or DC links or special loads.

Data Conversion

The Data Conversion module enables to convert data from IEEE format or PTI format (release 26) to EUROSTAG format.

Most of models from PTI are converted, as well load flow files as dynamic files.

Compliance with Windows tools

The Windows version of EUROSTAG is fully compliant with various tools available under this environment: spreadsheet, word or image processing In particular all the graphical schemes generated by the EUROSTAG package can be saved under the Extended Meta File (.emf) format and transfered to any tool that supports this format.

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


One Line Diagram Editor

The One Line Diagram Editor allows the user to draw a schematic view of the network and to access the physical data of the main components.

drawing the one line diagram The basic element is the electric node. The lines, transformers and coupling devices

connect the nodes. Components such as generators or capacitors banks are connected to the nodes.

accessing to the physical data The load flow data (bus, line, transformer, capacitors, etc) can be directly managed

from the one line diagram : the dedicated displays of the Editing simulation data module (see above) are directly accessed, for an efficient data engineering.

Running the Load-Flow programme The Load-Flow programme can be launched from the One Line Diagram Editor.

The key results (voltages, flows ) are automatically displayed on the diagram. This Load-Flow programme is the same as the one encapsulated within the main computation module of EUROSTAG.

The load flow computation

This part of the computation module is a Load-Flow calculation based on the Newton-Raphson method. It produces a detailed listing of the voltage map and a binary file which is used in the initialization phase of the simulation. DC representation is available.

The load flow programme can read the voltage initial values included in the data file. This feature makes easier the dialog between EUROSTAG and other power system analysis programmes or packages.

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


The dynamic simulation computation

This part of the computation module is in fact the algorithmical core of the software. The study of power system dynamics requires the solving of a large algebraic and differential system. The differential part comes from the machines and the controls equations, and the algebraic part originates essentially from the network equations.

The integration technique which is used is a predictor-corrector method in Nordsiecks formalism. The user does not have to think about the time step value, he or she just specifies the accuracy requirements. The integration step automatically increases or decreases according to a truncation error, which is compared to the given accuracy.

Power systems are the site of numerous discontinuities; a crude technique for dealing with them would be to re-initialize the integration process whenever a discontinuity occurs. This would lead to prohibitive computation times. We have thus developed a numerical procedure which combines effective treatment of discontinuities and computational performance.

The simulation is designed to be run interactively.

The man-machine interface is organized in two graphical zones: one is an animated chart for displaying various physical variables (voltage, mechanical torque, frequency, ) and the other is a logbook window that receives the messages and alarms generated during the simulation. Any kind of event can be created through user friendly menus during the simulation.

A batch mode does also exist.

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


SIMULATION

Eigenvalue computation and exporting of the linearized system

The eigenvalue calculation, provided along the system trajectory, is a powerful tool to check the stability of new controllers. It is limited to medium size systems.

A linearized system export function is also available for further processing in standard linear systems analysis packages.

This function initiates the linearization of the nonlinear mathematical model numerically integrated during the simulation, and supplies the Jacobean matrix (derivatives of the functions with respect to the state variables).

The linearized system is memorized in sparse form in a user identified file.

Three types of linearized output are available :

complete system (algebraic and differential functions) in the format of the most standard software of the market;

or complete system (algebraic and differential functions) in ASCII format;

or reduced system (differential functions after elimination of the algebraic state variables) in ASCII format.

A complementary file makes it possible to know the meaning of the variables.

Automatic fault clearing times computation

A module makes possible the automatic determination of the fault clearing times.

This search is performed by a dichotomic procedure which reduces a user-supplied starting interval.

Each step of the dichotomic search is performed by the automatic run of the main simulation software.

An automat detects the stable or unstable state of the system.

PACKAGE OVERVIEW


RESULTS ANALYSIS

Post-processor for results analysis

The graphic post-processor makes easier both the interpretation of results and the editing of reports. Zooming, curves comparison, superposition, change of scales, elimination of time, etc enables a spontaneous approach of the result analysis. Any variable can be plotted, it is for example possible to look at all the elementary block outputs, without needing to declare a priori which variables will be observed. However, the size of the output files is not huge, because state variables are the only variables to be stored. All other variables are re-calculated in the post-processor. Advanced layout can be designed by choosing fonts and curves shapes or adding comments and footers, Some additional features such as command files allow important time savings. They replace repetitive tasks : the sequences of commands are recorded when applied to a given case, and can be automatically replayed on another case. IMPORT functions are provided to compare EUROSTAG results with external quantities such as measures, results of other programmes, etc... EXPORT functions allow to integrate EUROSTAG results in packages such as spreadsheets . As for the other modules, the Extended Meta File is available on the Windows environment and allows to enerate graphical copies of charts and pages.

Users defined tabular and curve outputs

A dedicated module allows the user to get a synthetic view of the results. It generates tables of EUROSTAG results associated to a given instant, or a given time range, or curves. In each table or set of curves, the results of a type of system component (node, branch, generators, motor, ...) are given for a list of these components. This list is built by the user through specific filters, for instance critical thresholds. The user can access all types of simulation results, including interface variables, macrolanguage block outputs, characteristics of the equipment, etc... Mathematical operations are possible, and output in ASCII format can be used in spreadsheets. This tool allows an easy and fast processing of large power systems results.

Results on One Line Diagrams

The load fow and dynamic results can be displayed on the one line diagrams. The filtering mechanisms offered by the "User defined tabular outputs" module can be used to issue only the relevant results. Colouring features allow to emphasize chosen ranges of values.

HADWARE CONFIGURATION


WORKSTATION CONFIGURATION

EUROSTAG is available on different workstation types. The list of supported hardware, operating systems and associated minimal configurations for EUROSTAG Release 4.3 is the following.

Manufacturer O.S. Memory Disk Swap Space

HP HP-UX 11.x 256 MB 512 MB

Screen : Minimum screen resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels

Remarks :

The software is delivered on a CD ROM. Processor 400 MHz at least The printing of the results requires a postscript printer, Disk space necessary for the storing of the data and results : between 50

MB and 1 GB, depending on the use and the number of the users.

HADWARE CONFIGURATION


PC CONFIGURATION

Prerequisite :

The hardware components must comply with the Microsoft documents "Windows Hardware Compatibility test" for Windows NT, 2000, XP.

Minimum requirement :

Model : PC with Pentium processor

O.S. : Windows /NT 4.0/2000/XP (English Version)

Memory : at least 256 Mbytes

Hard disk : 60 Mbytes for EUROSTAG software

Floppy disk : 3- disk drive

CD-Rom drive :

Compulsory

Network Card Compulsory

Screen : At least : 1024 x 768 pixels

Remarks :

The printing of the results requires a windows compatible printer . Disk space necessary for the storing of the data and results : between

50 MB and 1 GB, depending on the use.

Running EUROSTAG requires to install a FlexLm licensing mechanism whose configuration depends on the type of licence (Node-locked or Floating). The configuration tools are included in the delevery process.

DIMENSIONS


The standard provided executable code allows the simulation of Power Systems with the following dimensions :

8 000 state variables; 3 000 buses; 4 000 branches; 1 000 automata; 3 000 macroblocks; 500 generators; 600 induction motors; 1000 dynamic injectors.

Other (larger) dimensions are available on request.

DOCUMENTATION

Two complete sets of manuals are provided with the executable code. The documentation consists in following manuals, all written in English :

EUROSTAG software theory; EUROSTAG Users manuals.

TUTORIAL

The EUROSTAG tutorial is composed of a manual accompanied by the data files of the proposed exercises. This tutorial has two main functions :

It allows the beginner to become familiar with and gradually master the steps for operating the software and defining the models or data.

basic knowledge of static and dynamic stability modelling of network components is required.

It clarifies and teaches new functions for the user who is familiar with all or a section of EUROSTAG.

NEW FEATURES OF EUROSTAG 4.3


The following text is the description of the new features of EUROSTAG 4.3 with respect to EUROSTAG 4.2.

These specifications complete, and replace in case of contradiction, the specifications given here above and corresponding to the previous release EUROSTAG 4.2.



Modeling aspects

Dispersed generationaWind turbines

Wind turbine coupled with an asynchronous generator- with pitch control- with stall control

Variable-speed wind turbine with direct driven synchronous generator- PMG (Permanent Magnet Generator)

Wind turbine coupled with DFIG (Double Fed Induction Generator)(variable speed)

Modeling aspectswindturb

reconne

M15

regdfig

interro

Dispersed generationa Wind turbines

DFIG



Modeling aspectsAero-derivative turbines (40 MW range)

Validated Rowen model

Includes:aTexh(Pel) modeled by a piecewise function and corrected by

Tamb

aGovernor droop behavior

aFuel control system

aAcceleration limiter activated in case of close located fault

Modeling aspectsAero-derivative turbines (25 MW range)

Validated thermodynamic model

Includes:aOne step compression, two step expansion

aFuel and IGV control



Modeling aspectsLocal generation Micro-turbine model

Soundproofed unit

Alternator HF+converterAC/DC/AC

Air

Combustion gas

Supervision and command system

recuperatorexchanger

Compressor

GasElectricity(400V, 50 Hz)

Modeling aspectsLocal generation Micro-turbine model

a Includes: Primary frequency control Power reference Voltage control mode Reactive current reference Speed Controller DC link interface

aMode of operation: island or grid operation (validated on test recordings)



Modeling aspectsLocal generation Photovoltac model

Modeling aspectsLocal generation Photovoltac model

a Includes: Solar array feeding DC capacitor power conditionner (chopper, DC capacitor and inverter)



Modeling aspectsLocal generation

aPhotovoltac model

Impact of temperature and incoming solar radiation on output voltage

Pmax tracking point

Constant DC voltage control through a chopper

Inverter DC/AC to connect to the grid

Current control

Voltage control

Modeling aspectsLocal generation Fuel cell model related to a SOFC system

a Includes: Power section (fuel cells) that generates the electrical power

(constant DC voltage)

Power conditioner that converts DC power to AC power output

Current control

Voltage control

Frequency control



Modeling aspectsFACTS D-SMES

a2.4 H superconducting coilaDC busaVoltage converteraCoupling transformer

Energy stored: 1230 Adca 1.53 MJ magnetic energya2.5 MW during 0.6 s; 3/6/8 MVA

VOLTAGE CONVERTER

(INVERTER PWM/ IGBT)

CHOPPER

UP: network voltage

X: leakage reactanceof the transformer

V: inverter output 480VIacc

m

Vdc

Idc

Idc1

IsVs

Associatedcapacitor

SUPERCONDUCTING COIL

Idc2

Cryostat

Modeling aspectsFACTS STATCOM

Similar structure

to D-SMES

without accumulated

active energy



Modeling aspectsSimplified HVDC model

Derive from the full HVDC model currently available Simplification of the converter equations (identical in steady

state to load flow converter equations) Reduction of the state variable Increase of the model robustness with respect to severe

disturbance located near the converters Includes the OLTC and capacitor bank converter

transformers (constant firing angle and constant Q balance)

Modeling aspectsLoad model of Distribution type

N ND NLOAD MOTEUR

NLOAD BANK

C:\users \m erckx\tes t s_4_3\m gbis \tes t.nwk



Modeling aspectsLoad model of Distribution type

Load characterized by:aTransformer loading

aFeeder voltage droop

a Induction motor loading

aProportion between resistive and rotating load

aOLTC time constant

Modules evolutionData conversion

New .dta format (new load model) -> automatic conversion

New IEEE conversion (detailed transformers)

New PSS/E conversion (PSS/E format supported up to 29 )

Overall load evolution

Extended modification of machines and/or macroblocks



Modules evolutionModel Editor

Grouped compilation of several macroblocks

Enhanced search : input variables, output variables, parameters, initial value

Tooltips help for initial value definition

Modules evolutionComputation module Load flow

aOption to inhibit all the regulating transformers

Dynamic simulation : aNew machine model : DFIGaNew event : DFIG stator connection/deconnectionaNew automaton : triggering the DFIG connection/deconnectionaNew event : algorithm parameters modificationaEnergization of an area by starting a generator



Modules evolutionPost-Processor Access to :

aThe reference frequency at nodeaModulus and angle of the composed voltage at node

Markers on a curve Arrows in chart to improve the presentation Several time elimination curves on the same chart Vertical alignment of the charts User's and exported observables defined in the working units

Modules evolutionTabular Output

Access to :a the reference frequency at node

a the active and reactive losses on the branches

a the rated current of the branches

a the area of the node connected to a generator

a the active and reactive power of the banks

a the free attributes of all equipments



Miscellaneous

Windows graphical interface behaviour :aLeaving all the windows with the or ALT-F4

aNo Do you (really) want to quit ? anymore

a In the file selection box, files are listed regardless of the case

aError windows stay in front of the main window

aContextual menu behaviour

Data modelaFree attributes for all equipments

Miscellaneous

Saving in a .EMF fileaNetwork Editor : network

aModel Editor : schemes and set of parameters

aPost-Processor : pages and charts

aTabular Output : tables

All print and .EMF saving are with Eurostag logo

Printing of the output-listing (load flow, simulation)

sbeg00_4n_1246_000_01

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