SBI3C Final Exam Review

1. State the 3 points of the cell theory.

All cells come from pre-existing cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all living things are made of cells

2. Consider macromolecules and biochemistry.

Circle all the terms that are

carbohydrates, underline

all the lipids (fats) and put

a star on the proteins

phospholipid glucose sucrose amino acids* cellulose triglyceride

polypeptide* oligosaccharides steroid dipeptide* monosaccharide

3. Identify the monomers (building blocks) of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Describe the structure and

composition of each.

Carbohydrates: monomer=monosaccharide, ring of C, H, and O; multiple monosaccharides linked together

make polysaccharides

Lipids: monomer=triglyceride, 3 chains of C & H (fatty acid) linked to a glycerol; can be saturated (only

single bonds) or unsaturated (some double bonds)

Proteins: monomer=amino acids, C, H, N, and O; has an R-group that is different for each amino acid;

several amino acids are bonded by peptide bonds, forming proteins

4. Match the definition in column B with the cell part in column A.

Column A Column B

______ 1. ribosome B

______ 2. Nucleus C

______ 3. Lysosome E

______ 4. Mitochondria D

______ 5. central vacuole A

______ 6. rough endoplasmic reticulum F

A. only in plant cells, contains water and

nutrients

B. where proteins are made

C. control centre, contains nucleolus

D. makes energy for the cell

E. used to digest food, and foreign particles

F. has ribosomes attached

G. makes ribosomes

5. Fill in the following table for each Kingdom.

Feature Bacteria Archaebacteria Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia

Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic? Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Producer/Consumer? Both Both Both Both Producer Consumer

Single/Multi-cellular or

Both?

Single single Both Both Both Both

Sexual/asexual

reproduction

Both Both Both Both Both Both

Distinguishing feature Flagella,

cilia,

smaller in

size, no

bound

organelles

Flagella, cilia,

smaller in size, no

bound organelles,

live in extreme

environments

Stationary, both

plant and

animal-like,

reproduce by

budding/spores

Wide

variety,

plant,

animal and

fungi-like

Use light for

photosynthesis

to produce

glucose

Wide

variety,

most

commonly

known

organisms

6. Fill in the table comparing eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Relative size Nucleus

present?

Method(s) of

reproduction

Kingdom(s)

they are found

in

Membrane

bound

organelles?

Example

organisms

Eukaryotes Larger Yes Mitosis,

fertilization

Fungi, Protista,

plantae,

animalia

Yes Fungus, algae,

dandelion,

human

Prokaryotes Smaller No, nucleoid is

present

Binary fission,

conjugation

Bacteria,

archaebacteria

No Thermophiles,

staphylococcus

aureus

7. Give 4 similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Both have cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, and cell membrane; both reproduce sexually

8. What makes viruses unique? Why aren’t they classified under a kingdom with other organisms?

Are not capable to surviving independently (require a host cell to reproduce). Infect cells and take them over

by injecting their DNA to produce more viruses to replicate themselves. Can spread very fast and are even

smaller than cells. Made of proteins, DNA/RNA and capsid coat.

9. Describe what a karyotype is and what it is used for. What would a normal karyotype look like? What

would a karyotype for a genetic disorder look like?

Shows the chromosomes of an organism in their condensed form by size and banding pattern. For humans, 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes should appear. Genetic disorders would show a pair of chromosomes with either 1 extra (trisomy) or 1 less chromosomes (monosomy).

10. Describe 3 ways plants have evolved adaptations to survive in diverse environments.

Cold: pattern of growth and morphology is different, hairy flowers absorb heat, higher reproduction

Low nutrient availability: pitcher plant and venus flytrap consume insects for nutrients

Drought: structures reduce transpiration rates, waxy cuticles, stems store water, root growth limited

Life in water: aerial roots provide access to oxygen, hormones produced to regulate cell death,

floating/submerged leaves have stomata on top

Chemical defense: poisonous/bitter secondary compounds produced to ward off predators

11. Define tropism and describe the 3 ways plants exhibit tropism.

Tropism: change in growth pattern in response to stimulus

Thigmotropism: change in response to touch, grow around buildings, wrap around objects, etc.

Phototropism: change in response to light, grow in direction of light

Gravitropism: grow in response to gravity, roots grow down, stems grow up

12. Label the following diagrams.

You should know parts:

1)cell membrane

2)nucleus

3)central vacuole

4)mitochondria

5)chloroplast

6)golgi body

7)RER

8)ribosome

10)cell wall

12)SER

You should know parts:

1)nuclear membrane

2)SER

3)nucleolus

4)mitochondria

5)RER

6)Golgi body/cell

membrane

8)nucleus (chromatin)

9)cell membrane

10)centrioles

11)SER

12)cytoplasm

13. Fill in the blanks.

a. The functions of the __large intestine__ are absorption of water, vitamins, and temporary storage of

wastes.

b. Mechanical digestion is carried out by the _teeth__ and involves tearing, grinding and crushing.

c. Proteins are broken down by the enzyme __pepsin__, into their subunits _amino acids__.

d. Food is moved along the esophagus by a wave-like contraction called _peristalsis__.

e. Most of the chemical digestion happens in the _stomach___ when _gastric juices and enzymes__ break

down large molecules into smaller ones.

f. The stomach produces _bile___ which contains acids, enzymes and mucus.

g. The functions of the _small intestine__ are breakdown and absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and

proteins.

h. The stomach mixes or churns its contents into a liquid, this is _chemical__ digestion.

14. List the path a peanut butter and jelly sandwich takes through digestion, starting with the MOUTH and

ending with the ANUS.

Mouth (tongue, teeth), pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus, stomach (cardiac/pyloric sphincter), small intestine,

large intestine, rectum, anus

15. Fill in the table by identifying the parts and their functions.

A Stomach, secretes acids to digest food, chemical

digestion, churns food into liquid

B Pancreas, secretes enzymes and hormones to aid

in digestion

C Large intestine, absorbs water, vitamins and

temporary storage of waste

D Small intestine, absorption of carbohydrates, fats,

proteins, has villi to increase surface area

E Rectum, storage of feces

F Anus, sphincter for expulsion of feces

G Gall bladder, stores bile to aid in digestion

H Liver, metabolizes fats, produces bile, breaks

down toxins

I Esophagus, passageway for food into stomach,

muscles contract to push food down

J Epiglottis, flap that covers trachea when

swallowing food

K Salivary glands, produce saliva to aid in digestion

and made food easier to swallow

16. As a molecule of CO2 leaves the capillaries in the lung, put the following parts of the respiratory system in

the correct order as the molecule would pass through.

2 6 4 5 3 1

pharynx alveoli bronchi bronchiole larynx nasal cavity

17. Identify the structures involved in breathing and what describe the mechanism that facilitates breathing.

Diaphragm contracts to expand chest cavity, intercostal muscles contract to raise the ribs to increase volume

of chest cavity; pressure change causes air to flow in (inhalation). Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

and pressure changes back to exhale.

18. Use the box of terms to fill in the blanks below

blood mucus warms gas exchange foreign moisture cilia lungs

The functions of the respiratory system are:

It provides an area for ______gas exchange______________________ between the air and circulating

______blood__________.

Before gases reach the exchange surface of the _____alveoli____, the respiratory tract

______warms_______up, and adds ________moisture________ to the gases.

It defends the respiratory system against ____foreign_____ bacteria.

____Cilia_______ sweep ____mucus_______ up and out of the respiratory tract.

E

K

J

I

H

G

F

D

C

B

A

What has to happen for a person to inhale? (diaphragm? intercostal muscles?) Contract/relax, move up/down

What has to happen for a person to exhale?opposite, diaphragm relaxes, intercostals move down

19. Fill in the following chart.

Circle the blood vessels/Underline the parts of blood.

Part: Function Description

platelets Used for blood clotting Form proteins around wound to seal

off and stop blood flow

red blood cells Carry gases around body Donut shaped with no nucleus to

allow more room for oxygen

veins Carries blood back to the heart Thin-walled, low pressure, have

valves to prevent blood from

pooling in feet

White blood cells Destroy foreign invaders and work with

immune system

Cells contain a nucleus

capillaries Small enough to allow gas exchange by

diffusion from blood to body cells

1 cell wide, transition from arteries

to veins

Arteries Carry blood from heart to body Large diameter, thick layer of

muscle

plasma Liquid portion of blood Contains water, ions, etc.

20. Correction: True and False If the statement is incorrect CHANGE the underlined word to make it correct,

if the statement is correct write TRUE.

FALSE, ARTERY 1. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the

pulmonary veins.

TRUE 2. The left atrium pumps oxygenated blood through the

atrioventricular valve.

FALSE, OXYGENATED 3. Deoxygenated blood travels to all the cell in the body.

FALSE, AORTA 4. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood and pumps it

past the aortic valve into the vena cavae.

TRUE 5. Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins enters the

left atrium. FALSE, LEFT VENTRICLE 6. Blood travels from the left atrium to the right atrium.

TRUE 7. The main veins that return blood to the heart are the vena

cavae.

21. What is another word for heterozygous? What would the genotype look like?

Having 2 different alleles for a trait, 1 dominant and 1 recessive (ex: Ff)

22. What two words are also used when describing a homozygous genotype?

Pure bred, dominant

23. What determines a person’s gender?

Sex chromosomes (XX=female, XY=male)

24. In guinea pigs, black fur colour is dominant to white fur colour. Use B to represent the black fur allele, and

b to represent the white fur allele.

a. If a true breeding black guinea pig is crossed with a true breeding white guinea pig, what colour fur will

the offspring have? All white but all are heterozygous

b. If a heterozygous black guinea pig is crossed with a white guinea pig, what colour fur will the offspring

have? 50% black, 50% white

c. If two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed, what will the genotypic ratio be for their offspring?

25% white (ff), 25% pure black (FF), 50% heterozygous black (Ff)

25. Fill in the table by labelling the parts of the

heart.

Label which side of the heart carries oxygenated and

deoxygenated blood. Right side carries deoxygenated, left

carries oxygenated

26. What are the phases of the cell cycle? (IN ORDER)

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

27. Identify the phases of meiosis and put them in order.

Order:

________________________________

3, 4, 1, 7, 5, 6, 2, 8

________________________________

A Aorta

B Pulmonary artery

C Superior vena cava

D Pulmonary veins

E Inferior vena cava, Right atrium

F

G Right ventricle

H Left ventricle

28. In the diagram, identify the processes A), B) and C).

A=fertilization; B=mitosis (growth); C=gametogenesis

(gamete formation)

29. Label a chromosome, sister chromatid, centromere, and

spindle fiber.

30. For the cells 1), 2) and 3), identify them by name, AND label it as diploid (2n=46) or (n=23).

1) Egg and sperm (haploid) 2) zygote (diploid) 3) gametes produced are haploid, body

cells and diploid 31. What is the purpose of flowers, seeds, and stem cutting? Describe each and their involvement in plant

reproduction. Identify if they are involved in sexual or asexual reproduction.

Unique ways for plants to reproduce. Flowers allow plants to self-pollinate or pollinate with other plants by having both sex organs. Fertilization occurs in fruit, mature fruit seeds carry embryos to new locations to reproduce. Stem cutting is an asexual way of cloning plants, cut stem from parent plant to reproduce more plants.

32. Use the table to answer these questions.

Taxon Human Dog Tiger Red Oak Housefly

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Plantae Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Anthrophyta Arthropoda

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Angiospermae Insecta

Order Primates Carnivora Carnivora Fagales Diptera

Family Hominidae Canidae Felidae Fagacea Muscidae

Genus Homo Canus Panthera Quercus Musca

Species sapiens familiaris tigris rubra domestica

a. Which organism is least closely related to humans? Justify you choice. Dog and tiger because we share

the same class, which is the most specific classification that we share. Do not share the same order,

family or genus with any other organism in table.

b. What is the scientific name of the red oak? Ouercus rubra

33. Label the following diagram.

1. ___nasal opening (nares)__________________

2. ___mouth___________

3. ____larynx (voice box)______

4. ____lung_______________

5. _____bronchus__________________

6. ____diaphragm_______________

7. ____pharynx______________

8. ____trachea_________________

9. ____bronchus___________________

10. ____bronchiole____________________

11. ____alveoli_________________