sbi4u - biochemistry macromolecules 1 carbohydrates
TRANSCRIPT
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SBI4U - Biochemistry
Macromolecules 1
Carbohydrates
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Macromolecules
• macromolecules are large molecules that are often composed of repeating sub-units
• some of the biologically important macromolecules are:– carbohydrates -lipids– proteins -nucleic acids
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Carbohydrates
• carbohydrates are the most important energy source
• animals cannot synthesize carbohydrates; they must be consumed in plant material
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Monosaccharides
• single sugars in straight chain or ring form
• C:H:O usually in 1:2:1 ratio (glucose is C6H12O6)
• examples: fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
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Monosaccharides
• some monosaccharides are isomers, e.g., glucose, fructose, and galactose
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Glucose Isomers
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Disaccharides
• made from 2 single sugars
• examples: sucrose, maltose, lactose
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Dehydration Synthesis
• disaccharides are formed by a dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction
• See animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnnD3fMaU
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Dehydration Synthesis
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Hydrolysis Reaction
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Find the sugars…
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“Healthy” Clif bars continued…
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Polysaccharides
• oligosaccharides are shorter-chain sugars with 3-10 single sugars
• longer chain carbohydrates are called polysaccharides
• examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin
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Polysaccharides
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Low-Carb Diets
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Low-Carb Diets
• Names of popular low-carb-diets?
• What kinds of foods are you allowed/not allowed to eat?
• What are the benefits of the diet?
• What are possible risks of the diet?