scaffolding safety (erecting and dismantling)

7/25/2019 Scaffolding Safety (Erecting and Dismantling)

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ScafoldingSaetyErecting & Dismantling


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Introduction

As a person who erects and dismantles scaffolding, your

safety - and the safety of those who will work on the

scaffold - depends on your ability to closely follow theminimum safety requirements for constructing and using

scaffolds.


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Introduction

The scaffold system you erect will support many workers

and allow them to carry out their ob functions. !ow well

you follow proper procedures and safe work practiceswhile erecting scaffolds will ha"e a direct affect on their

safety. #f you ha"e any questions about erecting or

dismantling scaffolding, ask your super"isor.


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Pre-planning

#t is important that thorough pre-planning takes place

before scaffolding is erected. This should include$

% Evaluation and Preparation of the Site

% Identification of Any Potential Hazards

% Determining the Type of Scaffolding to be Used

% Activities to be Performed and their eight !e"uirements

% eight #apacity of the Scaffold


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Pre-planning

Evaluating the Site

hile e"aluating the site there are many factors to

consider. There may be a number of steps you willneed to take to prepare the site.

Some items to chec$ could include%


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Pre-planning

% Is the surface level and sound&

% #an the ground support the scaffold unit&

% Are there any unguarded openings or potential

underground utility 'or$ that may affect the stability of

the scaffold&


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% Are there any nearby electrical po'er lines&

% If so( can the scaffold be erected 'hile $eeping aminimum safe approach distance from the lines&

% #an 'or$ be performed on the scaffold 'hile

maintaining a minimum safe approach distance from the

electrical po'er lines&

're-planning


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Pre-planning

% hat type of pedestrian( vehicular( or e"uipment traffic

'ill be in the area&

% hat type of fall protection 'ill be feasible&

% ill safe access 'hile erecting and dismantling the

scaffold be feasible&

% ill conditions such as high 'inds( storms( or icy

conditions e)ist&


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Scafolding Inspection

To make sure scaffold components are in good

working order, carefully inspect all scaffolding partsbefore and during its erection. A defecti"e or

damaged part could affect the integrity of the whole

scaffold.


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Items to #hec$

% Are plan$s and 'ood components free of splits( rot( burns(

'arps( splintering( oil( or paint and opa"ue finishes that

could cover potential defects*

% Are 'ood plan$s scaffold grade&

% Are 'elds and bolted connections in good condition*

(ome areas to inspect include the following$


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#AUTI+,-

% Any defective parts must not be used*

% Any damaged or 'ea$ened scaffold part must be

immediately repaired or removed from service until it is

repaired*

% ,ever ris$ your safety by using damaged parts*


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Load Capacity

The load capacity of a scaffold "aries, depending on its

design and application. )eneral capacity requirementsfor all scaffolds include$


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% The scaffold and each scaffold component must be capable

of supporting four times the ma)imum intended load* This

includes all personnel( e"uipment( and supplies*

% Direct connections and counter'eights used to balance

ad.ustable suspension scaffolds must be able to resist at

least four times the tipping moment of the scaffold(

including stall loads*

*oad +apacity


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Load Capacity

% All suspension ropes and connecting hard'are must be

capable of supporting at least si) times the ma)imum

intended load*

% Scaffolds must be designed by a "ualified person( and

built and loaded according to that design*

% ,ever overload the scaffold*


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Platorm Construction

The platform surface that supports workers and materials

on the scaffold is called planks. 'lanks are usually made

of steel, aluminum, or wood. ood scaffold planks

should be by inches, scaffold plank grade, and

stamped by an agency appro"ed by the American

*umber (tandards +ommittee. Any unsafe planks should

be remo"ed from ser"ice and clearly marked or madeunusable.


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%hen erecting scaffolding it is most important to ma$e

sure the first unit of any scaffold is plumb( aligned( and

level*

%Each platform on all 'or$ing levels of scaffolds are

re"uired to be fully plan$ed or dec$ed( e)cept 'hen used

only as 'al$'ays or for erecting or dismantling scaffolding*


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% The platform and 'al$'ay must be at least /0 inches

'ide*

% Install each platform unit 1plan$( fabricated dec$( or

fabricated platform2 so that the space bet'een plan$s(

and the space bet'een the platform and the uprights( is

no more than one inch*


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% The front edge of the platform must be no more than /3

inches from the face of the 'or$( unless guardrails are used

along the front edge and4or personal fall arrest systems are

used*

% ,ever cover 'ood platforms 'ith opa"ue finishes 1such as

paint2( e)cept for the edges( 'hich may be covered or mar$ed

for identification*

% ,ever intermi) scaffold components by different

manufacturers( unless a competent person determines they

are compatible and the scaffold5s structural integrity is

maintained*


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% Each end of the platform( unless cleated or restrained by

hoo$s or other means( must e)tend over the center line of

its support at least si) inches*

% If the platform is /6 feet or less in length( the end cannot

e)tend over its support more than /7 inches*

% If the platform is over /6 feet in length( its end cannot

e)tend over the support more than /0 inches*


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% hen platforms are overlapped to create a long platform(

the overlap must occur only over supports and must be at

least /7 inches( unless the platforms are restrained to

prevent movement*

% Each abutted end of a plan$ must rest on a separate

support surface*

% hen the platform changes direction( any platform thatrests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle must

be laid first* Platforms that rest at right angles over the

same bearer must be laid second( on top of the first

platform*


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Supported Scafolds

(upported scaffolds ha"e one or more platforms that

are supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles,

legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports.The following are some general requirements for

supported scaffolds$


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(upported (caffolds

% hen using mud sills( the base plates should be attached

to it* 8or added stability( it is recommended the mud sill beone continuous sill under both legs* The sill should e)tend

at least /7 inches beyond the center line of the pole*


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Supported Scafolds

% All supported scaffold poles( legs( posts( frames( and

uprights must bear on base plates( mud sills( or other

firm foundation*

% They must also be plumb and braced to prevent

s'aying and displacement*

% 8ootings must be level( sound( rigid( and capable ofsupporting the load of the scaffold 'ithout settling or

displacing*


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Supported Scafolds

% ,ever use cinder bloc$s( bric$s( gravel( loose fill( or other

means for leveling uneven surfaces( or providing a

foundation for the base plate*

% hen supported scaffolds have a height9to9base 'idth

ratio of more than 39to9/ 1four feet of height for every one

foot of 'idth2( then guys( ties( or braces must be installed

at locations 'here horizontal members support both inner

and outer legs*


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Suspension Scafolds

(uspension scaffolds ha"e one or more platforms

suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from

an o"erhead structure. /efore the suspensionscaffold is used, a competent person must confirm

that the supporting surfaces are capable of

supporting the loads imposed on them.


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Suspension Scafolds

The follo'ing are some general re"uirements for

suspension scaffolds%

!opes

% ,E:E! use repaired 'ire rope as

suspension rope*

% !opes need to be inspected by a

competent person for defects before each

'or$ shift and after any occurrence that

could affect a rope5s integrity*


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Suspension Scafolds

Hoists

% ;asoline9po'ered e"uipment and hoists must not be usedon suspension scaffolds*

% ;ears and bra$es of po'er9operated hoists used on

suspension scaffolds must be enclosed*


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Suspension Scafolds

Support Devices

% All suspension scaffold support devices 1such as outrigger

beams( cornice hoo$s( and parapet clamps2 must rest onsurfaces that are capable of supporting four times the load

imposed on them*

% T'o9point and multi9point suspension scaffolds must be tied

or other'ise secured to prevent them from s'aying if a

competent person determines it is necessary* ,ever use

'indo' cleaners5 anchors for this purpose*


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Suspension Scafolds

+utrigger


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Suspension Scafolds

#ounter'eights

% ,ever use sand( gravel( or other materials that can

be easily dislocated as counter'eights* +nly ob.ectsspecifically designed as counter'eights must be

used*

% #ounter'eights must be secured by mechanical

means to the outrigger beams to prevent accidental

displacement*

% Do not remove the counter'eights until the scaffold

is disassembled*


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Suspension Scafolds

Tiebac$s

% +utrigger beams that are not stabilized by both bolts

or other direct connections to the floor or the roof dec$

must be secured by tiebac$s*

% Tiebac$s must be e"ual in strength to the suspension

ropes*

% Tiebac$s must be secured to a structurally sound

anchorage on the building or structure* Do ,+T use

standpipes( vents( or electrical conduits as anchorages*


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Access Requirements

0any scaffold-related inuries occur while

improperly getting on or off platforms. 1e"er umponto a scaffold.


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Access 2equirements

% hen the scaffold platform is more than t'o feet above or

belo' a point of access( then a portable ladder( stair'ay(

ramp( or other means of access that does not affect the

scaffold5s stability must be used*

% ,ever use cross braces to climb onto the scaffold or another

level of the scaffold*

% Direct access from one scaffold to another can only be used

'hen the scaffold surfaces are not more than /3 inches

horizontally and 73 inches vertically from each other*


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Access Requirements

Portable( Hoo$9+n( and Attachable =adders

% Place hoo$9on and attachable ladders so their bottom rung

is not more than 73 inches above the scaffold support level*

% hen hoo$9on and attachable ladders are used on a

supported scaffold that is more than >? feet high( rest

platforms must be provided at least every >? feet*

% The minimum rung length for hoo$9on and attachable

ladders is //9/47 inches* !ungs must be uniformly spaced

'ith a ma)imum spacing of /@9>43 inches bet'een rungs*


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Access Requirements

Stair'ay9Type =adders

% Place stair'ay9type ladders so their bottom rung is

not more than 73 inches above the scaffoldsupporting level.

% !est platforms are re"uired at least every /7 feet*

% The step 'idth should be a minimum of /@ inches*

obile scaffold stair'ay9type ladders must have a

minimum step 'idth of //9/47 inches*


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Access Requirements

Integral Prefabricated Scaffold

Access 8rames

% !ungs on integral prefabricated scaffold access frames

must be at least 0 inches long*

% !est platforms must be provided at least every >? feet on

supported scaffolds more than >? feet high*

% !ungs must be spaced no more than /@9>43 inches apart*


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Access Requirements

Stairto'ers 1Scaffold Stair'ay4To'ers2

% Stairto'ers must be positioned so their bottom step is

not more than 73 inches above the scaffold supporting

level*

% Stair'ays must be installed bet'een 36 degrees and @6

degrees from the horizontal* Each stair'ay must be atleast /0 inches bet'een stair rails*


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Access Requirements

% Each side of the scaffold stair'ay must have a stair rail

that includes a toprail and a midrail* Stair rails must bebet'een 70 inches and >B inches in height( from the top

of the stair rail to the surface of the thread*

% The toprail of each stair rail system must also serve as

a handrail( unless a separate handrail is provided* All

handrails must provide a good handhold for employees*



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Access Requirements

% A landing platform at least /0 inches 'ide and at least/0 inches long must provided at each level* All treads

and landing must have slip9resistant surfaces*

;uardrails must be provided on the open sides and

ends of each landing*



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Access Requirements

!amps and al$'ays

% All ramps and 'al$'ays that are si) feet or more above

lo'er levels must have guardrails*

% A ramp or 'al$'ay that is steeper than one vertical to

eight horizontal( must have cleats not more than /3 inches

apart that are securely fastened to the flan$s to provide

footing* !amps and 'al$'ays may not incline more than aslope of one vertical to three horizontal*


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Access Requirements

Access for Supported Scaffolds

% hen erecting or dismantling a scaffold( a safe means of

access must be provided( if possible* A competent person'ill determine this based on site conditions and the type

of scaffold being erected or dismantled*

% Hoo$9on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon

as safe installation and use are possible*


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Access Requirements

Access for Supported Scaffolds

% hen erecting or dismantling tubular 'elded framescaffolds( end frames 'ith horizontal members that are

parallel( level( and not more than 77 inches apart

vertically may be used as climbing devices for access*


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Fall Protection

A competent person will determine if fall protection

is feasible during erecting and dismantling

procedures. +heck with your super"isor or thecompetent person if you are not sure what type of

fall protection is required.


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Fall Protection

;uardrail Systems

% ;uardrails must be installed along all open sides and ends

of scaffolds that are more than /6 feet above a lo'er level*

% The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds

manufactured or in service after Canuary /( 7666 must be

installed bet'een 70 and 3? inches above the platform*


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Fall Protection

;uardrail Systems

% The top edge height on supported scaffolds

manufactured or in service before that date( and on all

suspended scaffolds 'here both a guardrail and

personal fall arrest system are re"uired( must be

installed bet'een >@ and 3? inches*

% hen midrails( screens( mesh( intermediate verticalmember( solid panels( or similar structural members

are used( they must be installed bet'een the top edge of

the guardrail system and the scaffold platform*


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Fall Protection

Personal 8all Arrest Systems

% hen engineering controls( such as guardrails and safety

nets cannot protect you from fall hazards( then a personalfall arrest system must be used* In the construction

industry( a personal fall arrest system is re"uired at

heights of @ feet or more*

% A personal fall arrest system must be attached by a

lanyard to a vertical lifeline( horizontal lifeline( or

scaffold structural member*


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Fall Protection


% The personal fall arrest system must limit free fall to

si) feet or less*

% Do not attach the personal fall arrest system to the

guardrail system*


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Fall Protection

% The anchor point must be able to support ?(666 pounds

per attached 'or$er* hen vertical lifelines are used(

the anchor point must be independent of the scaffold*Standpipes( vents( other piping systems( electrical

conduits( outrigger beams( and counter'eights are

,+T considered safe points of anchorage*

% Inspect the personal fall arrest system before each use*

=oo$ for 'ear( tears( cuts( and other signs of damage*



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Falling Obect Protection

A hard hat must be worn whene"er there is a possibility

of being struck by falling obects, impact while handling

material at head le"el, or other situations where thedanger of inuries to the head e3ists. 4(!A

54ccupational (afety and !ealth Administrator6

recommends that if a hard hat is needed anywhere on the

ob site, then you should wear it at all times.


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% If tools( materials( or e"uipment could fall and stri$e

employees belo'( then the area must be barricaded

and unauthorized personnel must not be allo'ed to

enter* If the platform is more than /6 feet above alo'er level( then toeboards must be used*

% Toeboards must be at least >9/47 inches high from the

top edge of the toeboard to the level of the 'al$ing

surface( have no more than a /43 inch clearance above

the 'al$ing4'or$ing surface( and solid or have

openings no larger than one inch in size*


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% If tools( materials( or e"uipment are piled higher than

the top edge of the toeboard( then mesh( debris nets(

canopies( or other means of protection must beinstalled*


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!ismantling Scafolding

All scaffolds must be dismantled only under the

super"ision or direction of a competent person who is

qualified.

%


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!ismantling Scafolding

% =o'er all components to the ground by rope( hoist( or man9

to9man* ,ever thro' the parts to the ground*

% If possible( avoid leaving the scaffold partially dismantled(

post 'arning notices at each point of access*

% hether erecting or dismantling scaffolding( 'or$ should

al'ays be suspended during high 'inds and storms*


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scaffolding safety (erecting and dismantling)

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